flynt
is a command line tool to automatically convert a project’s Python code from old “%-formatted” and .format(…) strings into Python 3.6+'s “f-strings”.
F-Strings:
Not only are they more readable, more concise, and less prone to error than other ways of formatting, but they are also faster!
pip install flynt
. It requires Python version 3.6+.
Flynt will modify the files it runs on. Add your project to version control system before using flynt.
To run: flynt {source_file_or_directory}
blacklist = {'.tox', 'venv', 'site-packages', '.eggs'}
.It turns the code it runs on into Python 3.6+, since 3.6 is when “f-strings” were introduced.
From the output of flynt -h
:
positional arguments:
src source file(s) or directory
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --verbose run with verbose output
-q, --quiet run without output
--no-multiline convert only single line expressions
-ll LINE_LENGTH, --line-length LINE_LENGTH
for expressions spanning multiple lines, convert only if the resulting single line will fit into the line length limit. Default value is 88 characters.
-d, --dry-run Do not change the files in-place and print the diff instead. Note that this must be used in conjunction with '--fail-on-change' when used for linting purposes.
-s, --string Interpret the input as a Python code snippet and print the converted version. The snippet must use single quotes or escaped double quotes.
-tc, --transform-concats
Replace string concatenations (defined as + operations involving string literals) with f-strings. Available only if flynt is installed with 3.8+ interpreter.
-f, --fail-on-change Fail when changing files (for linting purposes)
-a, --aggressive Include conversions with potentially changed behavior.
-e EXCLUDE [EXCLUDE ...], --exclude EXCLUDE [EXCLUDE ...]
ignore files with given strings in it's absolute path.
--version Print the current version number and exit.
38f9d3a65222:~ ikkamens$ git clone https://github.com/pallets/flask.git
Cloning into 'flask'...
...
Resolving deltas: 100% (12203/12203), done.
38f9d3a65222:open_source ikkamens$ flynt flask
Running flynt v.0.40
Flynt run has finished. Stats:
Execution time: 0.789s
Files modified: 21
Character count reduction: 299 (0.06%)
Per expression type:
Old style (`%`) expressions attempted: 40/42 (95.2%)
`.format(...)` calls attempted: 26/33 (78.8%)
F-string expressions created: 48
Out of all attempted transforms, 7 resulted in errors.
To find out specific error messages, use --verbose flag.
_-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_._-_.
Please run your tests before commiting. Did flynt get a perfect conversion? give it a star at:
~ https://github.com/ikamensh/flynt ~
Thank you for using flynt. Upgrade more projects and recommend it to your colleagues!
38f9d3a65222:~ ikkamens$
To make sure all formatted strings are always converted to f-strings, you can add flynt to your pre-commit hooks.
Add a new section to .pre-commit-config.yaml
:
- repo: https://github.com/ikamensh/flynt/
rev: ''
hooks:
- id: flynt
This will run flynt on all modified files before commiting.
You can skip conversion of certain lines by adding # noqa [: anything else] flynt [anything else]
Read up on f-strings here:
After obsessively refactoring a project at work, and not even covering 50% of f-string candidates, I realized there was some place for automation. Also it was very interesting to work with ast module.
It is not guaranteed that formatted strings will be exactly the same as before conversion.
'%s' % var
is converted to f'{var}'
. There is a case when this will behave different from the original - if var is a tuple of one element. In this case, %s displays the element, and f-string displays the tuple. Example:
foo = (1,)
print('%s' % foo) # prints '1'
print(f'{foo}') # prints '(1,)'
Furthermore, some arguments cause formatting of strings to throw exceptions. One example where f-strings are inconsistent with previous formatting is %d vs {:d} - new format no longer accepts floats. While most cases are covered by taking the formatting specifiers to the f-strings format, the precise exception behaviour might differ as well. Make sure you have sufficient test coverage.
Author: ikamensh
Download Link: Download The Source Code
Official Website: https://github.com/ikamensh/flynt
License: MIT
#python