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Noah Saunders

Noah Saunders

4 years ago

Database Design of Online Shopping Cart

This tutorial provides complete steps to design a database schema of online shops and shopping carts to manage the users, products, reviews, carts, orders, and payments. It can be further used to develop an online shop and shopping cart based websites or applications.

The Entity Relationship Diagram or visual database design is shown below.

Online Shopping Cart Database Design

Online Shopping Cart

Notes: It allows guest orders to place the order without logging in. The security can be handled by following RBAC Database in MySQL.

Shop Database

The very first step is to create the Shop Database. It can be created using the query as shown below.

CREATE SCHEMA `shop` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

I have used the character set utf8mb4 to support a wide range of characters.

User Table

In this section, we will design the User Table to store user information. The same table can be used to relate the product creators(from the admin panel) and orders placed on the website. Users can track their own orders and track the status. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the User Table.

The User Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`user` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `firstName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `middleName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `lastName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `mobile` VARCHAR(15) NULL,
  `email` VARCHAR(50) NULL,
  `passwordHash` VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL,
  `admin` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `vendor` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `registeredAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `lastLogin` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `intro` TINYTEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `profile` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `uq_mobile` (`mobile` ASC),
  UNIQUE INDEX `uq_email` (`email` ASC) );

Product Table

In this section, we will design the Product Table to store the product data. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Product Table.

It uses the column quantity to track the stock available in the product inventory to keep the design simple. It might be required to specify the quantity by several columns to cover a wide range of products. The possible columns could be sellQuantity, sellUnit, stockQuantity, and stockUnit where the sellQuantity and sellUnit can be used to be displayed on the Shop for the buyers and the stockQuantity and stockUnit can be used to track the inventory. It might also be required to convert the sellUnit to stockUnit while updating the inventory on placing the order. The Product Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`product` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `title` VARCHAR(75) NOT NULL,
  `metaTitle` VARCHAR(100) NULL,
  `slug` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `summary` TINYTEXT NULL,
  `type` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `sku` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `price` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `discount` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `quantity` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `shop` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `updatedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `publishedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `startsAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `endsAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE INDEX `uq_slug` (`slug` ASC),
  INDEX `idx_product_user` (`userId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_product_user`
    FOREIGN KEY (`userId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

Product Meta

The Product Meta Table can be used to store additional information about products including the product banner URL etc. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Product Meta Table.

The Product Meta Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`product_meta` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `productId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `key` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_meta_product` (`productId` ASC),
  UNIQUE INDEX `uq_product_meta` (`productId` ASC, `key` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_meta_product`
    FOREIGN KEY (`productId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`product` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION)
ENGINE = InnoDB;

Product Review Table

In this section, we will design the Product Review Table to store the product reviews. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Product Review Table.

The Product Review Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`product_review` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `productId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `parentId` BIGINT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `title` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `rating` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `published` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `publishedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_review_product` (`productId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_review_product`
    FOREIGN KEY (`productId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`product` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

ALTER TABLE `shop`.`product_review` 
ADD INDEX `idx_review_parent` (`parentId` ASC);
ALTER TABLE `shop`.`product_review` 
ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_review_parent`
  FOREIGN KEY (`parentId`)
  REFERENCES `shop`.`product_review` (`id`)
  ON DELETE NO ACTION
  ON UPDATE NO ACTION;

Category Table and Product Category Table

In this section, we will design the Category Table and Product Category Table to store the product categories and their mappings. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Category Table.

The Category Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`category` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `parentId` BIGINT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `title` VARCHAR(75) NOT NULL,
  `metaTitle` VARCHAR(100) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `slug` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`));

ALTER TABLE `shop`.`category` 
ADD INDEX `idx_category_parent` (`parentId` ASC);
ALTER TABLE `shop`.`category` 
ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_category_parent`
  FOREIGN KEY (`parentId`)
  REFERENCES `shop`.`category` (`id`)
  ON DELETE NO ACTION
  ON UPDATE NO ACTION;

Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Product Category Table.

The Product Category Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`product_category` (
  `productId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `categoryId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`productId`, `categoryId`),
  INDEX `idx_pc_category` (`categoryId` ASC),
  INDEX `idx_pc_product` (`productId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_pc_product`
    FOREIGN KEY (`productId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`product` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION,
  CONSTRAINT `fk_pc_category`
    FOREIGN KEY (`categoryId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`category` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

Tag Table and Product Tag Table

Similar to the category and product category tables, we can design the Tag Table and Product Tag Table. The major differences between the Category and Tag are listed below.

  • The parentId column is not required in the Tag Table.
  • The count of categories remains low since these can be used to form the Main Menu for navigational purposes. The tags can be more as compared to categories.
  • Both categories and tags can be used to relate the products.
  • One should assign only a few categories to a product whereas tags count can be more.

Cart Table and Cart Item Table

This section provides the tables to manage the virtual carts to store the user selection before creating the actual order. If the user cancels the payment or the payment fails, the same carts can be used as an abandoned cart by the marketing team to enquire about the buyers. A logged-in user can also be associated with the cart. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Cart Table.

Notes: The Cart Table and Cart Item Table can be made optional if the Local Data, Session, or in-memory database like Redis is used to store the cart data. The same can be referred to create the order on payment success.

The Cart Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`cart` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userId` BIGINT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `sessionId` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `token` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `status` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `firstName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `middleName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `lastName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `mobile` VARCHAR(15) NULL,
  `email` VARCHAR(50) NULL,
  `line1` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `line2` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `city` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `province` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `country` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `updatedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_cart_user` (`userId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_cart_user`
    FOREIGN KEY (`userId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Cart Item Table.

The Cart Item Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`cart_item` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `productId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `cartId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `sku` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `price` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `discount` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `quantity` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `active` TINYINT(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `updatedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_cart_item_product` (`productId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_cart_item_product`
    FOREIGN KEY (`productId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`product` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

ALTER TABLE `shop`.`cart_item` 
ADD INDEX `idx_cart_item_cart` (`cartId` ASC);
ALTER TABLE `shop`.`cart_item` 
ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_cart_item_cart`
  FOREIGN KEY (`cartId`)
  REFERENCES `shop`.`cart` (`id`)
  ON DELETE NO ACTION
  ON UPDATE NO ACTION;

Order Table and Order Item Table

This section provides the tables to manage the store orders. A logged-in user can also be associated with the order. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Order Table.

The Order Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`order` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userId` BIGINT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `sessionId` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `token` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `status` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `subTotal` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `itemDiscount` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `tax` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `shipping` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `total` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `promo` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `discount` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `grandTotal` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `firstName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `middleName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `lastName` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `mobile` VARCHAR(15) NULL,
  `email` VARCHAR(50) NULL,
  `line1` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `line2` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `city` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `province` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `country` VARCHAR(50) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `updatedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_order_user` (`userId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_order_user`
    FOREIGN KEY (`userId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Order Item Table.

The Order Item Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`order_item` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `productId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `orderId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `sku` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `price` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `discount` FLOAT NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `quantity` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `updatedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_order_item_product` (`productId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_order_item_product`
    FOREIGN KEY (`productId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`product` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

ALTER TABLE `shop`.`order_item` 
ADD INDEX `idx_order_item_order` (`orderId` ASC);
ALTER TABLE `shop`.`order_item` 
ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_order_item_order`
  FOREIGN KEY (`orderId`)
  REFERENCES `shop`.`order` (`id`)
  ON DELETE NO ACTION
  ON UPDATE NO ACTION;

Transaction Table

We also need a transaction table to track the order payments made by the buyer and for bookkeeping. We can also use the same table to record the partial or full refund of the order. Below mentioned is the description of all the columns of the Transaction Table.

The Transaction Table with the appropriate constraints is as shown below.

CREATE TABLE `shop`.`transaction` (
  `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `userId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `orderId` BIGINT NOT NULL,
  `code` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `type` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `mode` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `status` SMALLINT(6) NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
  `createdAt` DATETIME NOT NULL,
  `updatedAt` DATETIME NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `content` TEXT NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `idx_transaction_user` (`userId` ASC),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_transaction_user`
    FOREIGN KEY (`userId`)
    REFERENCES `shop`.`user` (`id`)
    ON DELETE NO ACTION
    ON UPDATE NO ACTION);

ALTER TABLE `shop`.`transaction` 
ADD INDEX `idx_transaction_order` (`orderId` ASC);
ALTER TABLE `shop`.`transaction` 
ADD CONSTRAINT `fk_transaction_order`
  FOREIGN KEY (`orderId`)
  REFERENCES `shop`.`order` (`id`)
  ON DELETE NO ACTION
  ON UPDATE NO ACTION;

Address Table

An address table can be used to avoid the redundant columns in the Cart and Order table depending on the actual implementation. It can be directly mapped to the Cart Table and Order Table using the appropriate foreign keys.

Summary

In this tutorial, we have discussed the database design of an Online Shopping Cart to store the users and manage product inventory. It also provided the database design to manage the cart, store the cart items, and manage the orders on an online shop.

You may submit your comments to join the discussion. The complete database schema is also available on GitHub.

#mysql #database #web-development

Database Design of Online Shopping Cart
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