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Everything You Need to Know About Instagram Bot with Python
How to build an Instagram bot using Python
Instagram is the fastest-growing social network, with 1 billion monthly users. It also has the highest engagement rate. To gain followers on Instagram, youâd have to upload engaging content, follow users, like posts, comment on user posts and a whole lot. This can be time-consuming and daunting. But there is hope, you can automate all of these tasks. In this course, weâre going to build an Instagram bot using Python to automate tasks on Instagram.
What youâll learn:
- Instagram Automation
- Build a Bot with Python
Increase your Instagram followers with a simple Python bot
I got around 500 real followers in 4 days!
Growing an audience is an expensive and painful task. And if youâd like to build an audience thatâs relevant to you, and shares common interests, thatâs even more difficult. I always saw Instagram has a great way to promote my photos, but I never had more than 380 followers⌠Every once in a while, I decide to start posting my photos on Instagram again, and I manage to keep posting regularly for a while, but it never lasts more than a couple of months, and I donât have many followers to keep me motivated and engaged.
The objective of this project is to build a bigger audience and as a plus, maybe drive some traffic to my website where I sell my photos!
A year ago, on my last Instagram run, I got one of those apps that lets you track who unfollowed you. I was curious because in a few occasions my number of followers dropped for no apparent reason. After some research, I realized how some users basically crawl for followers. They comment, like and follow people â looking for a follow back. Only to unfollow them again in the next days.
I canât say this was a surprise to me, that there were bots in Instagram⌠It just made me want to build one myself!
And that is why weâre here, so letâs get to it! I came up with a simple bot in Python, while I was messing around with Selenium and trying to figure out some project to use it. Simply put, Selenium is like a browser you can interact with very easily in Python.
Ideally, increasing my Instagram audience will keep me motivated to post regularly. As an extra, I included my website in my profile bio, where people can buy some photos. I think it is a bit of a stretch, but who knows?! My sales are basically zero so far, so it should be easy to track that conversion!
Just what the world needed! Another Instagram botâŚ
After giving this project some thought, my objective was to increase my audience with relevant people. I want to get followers that actually want to follow me and see more of my work. Itâs very easy to come across weird content in the most used hashtags, so Iâve planed this bot to lookup specific hashtags and interact with the photos there. This way, I can be very specific about what kind of interests I want my audience to have. For instance, I really like long exposures, so I can target people who use that hashtag and build an audience around this kind of content. Simple and efficient!
My gallery is a mix of different subjects and styles, from street photography to aerial photography, and some travel photos too. Since itâs my hometown, I also have lots of Lisbon images there. These will be the main topics Iâll use in the hashtags I want to target.
This is not a âget 1000 followers in 24 hoursâ kind of bot!
So what kind of numbers are we talking about?
I ran the bot a few times in a few different hashtags like âtravelbloggerâ, âtravelgramâ, âlisbonâ, âdronephotographyâ. In the course of three days I went from 380 to 800 followers. Lots of likes, comments and even some organic growth (people that followed me but were not followed by the bot).
To be clear, Iâm not using this bot intensively, as Instagram will stop responding if you run it too fast. It needs to have some sleep commands in between the actions, because after some comments and follows in a short period of time, Instagram stops responding and the bot crashes.
You will be logged into your account, so Iâm almost sure that Instagram can know youâre doing something weird if you speed up the process. And most importantly, after doing this for a dozen hashtags, it just gets harder to find new users in the same hashtags. You will need to give it a few days to refresh the user base there.
But I donât want to follow so many people in the processâŚ
The most efficient way to get followers in Instagram (apart from posting great photos!) is to follow people. And this bot worked really well for me because I donât care if I follow 2000 people to get 400 followers.
The bot saves a list with all the users that were followed while it was running, so someday I may actually do something with this list. For instance, I can visit each user profile, evaluate how many followers or posts they have, and decide if I want to keep following them. Or I can get the first picture in their gallery and check its date to see if they are active users.
If we remove the follow action from the bot, I can assure you the growth rate will suffer, as people are less inclined to follow based on a single like or comment.
Why will you share your code?!
Thatâs the debate I had with myself. Even though I truly believe in giving back to the community (I still learn a lot from it too!), there are several paid platforms that do more or less the same as this project. Some are shady, some are used by celebrities. The possibility of starting a similar platform myself, is not off the table yet, so why make the code available?
With that in mind, I decided to add an extra level of difficulty to the process, so I was going to post the code below as an image. I wrote âwasâ, because meanwhile, Iâve realized the image Iâm getting is low quality. Which in turn made me reconsider and post the gist. Iâm that nice! The idea behind the image was that if you really wanted to use it, you would have to type the code yourself. And that was my way of limiting the use of this tool to people that actually go through the whole process to create it and maybe even improve it.
I learn a lot more when I type the code myself, instead of copy/pasting scripts. I hope you feel the same way!
The script isnât as sophisticated as it could be, and I know thereâs lots of room to improve it. But hey⌠it works! I have other projects I want to add to my portfolio, so my time to develop it further is rather limited. Nevertheless, I will try to update this article if I dig deeper.
This is the last subtitle!
Youâll need Python (Iâm using Python 3.7), Selenium, a browser (in my case Iâll be using Chrome) and⌠obviously, an Instagram account! Quick overview regarding what the bot will do:
- Open a browser and login with your credentials
- For every hashtag in the hashtag list, it will open the page and click the first picture to open it
- It will then like, follow, comment and move to the next picture, in a 200 iterations loop (number can be adjusted)
- Saves a list with all the users you followed using the bot
If you reached this paragraph, thank you! You totally deserve to collect your reward! If you find this useful for your profile/brand in any way, do share your experience below :)
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from time import sleep, strftime
from random import randint
import pandas as pd
chromedriver_path = 'C:/Users/User/Downloads/chromedriver_win32/chromedriver.exe' # Change this to your own chromedriver path!
webdriver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path)
sleep(2)
webdriver.get('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?source=auth_switcher')
sleep(3)
username = webdriver.find_element_by_name('username')
username.send_keys('your_username')
password = webdriver.find_element_by_name('password')
password.send_keys('your_password')
button_login = webdriver.find_element_by_css_selector('#react-root > section > main > div > article > div > div:nth-child(1) > div > form > div:nth-child(3) > button')
button_login.click()
sleep(3)
notnow = webdriver.find_element_by_css_selector('body > div:nth-child(13) > div > div > div > div.mt3GC > button.aOOlW.HoLwm')
notnow.click() #comment these last 2 lines out, if you don't get a pop up asking about notifications
In order to use chrome with Selenium, you need to install chromedriver. Itâs a fairly simple process and I had no issues with it. Simply install and replace the path above. Once you do that, our variable webdriver will be our Chrome tab.
In cell number 3 you should replace the strings with your own username and the respective password. This is for the bot to type it in the fields displayed. You might have already noticed that when running cell number 2, Chrome opened a new tab. After the password, Iâll define the login button as an object, and in the following line, I click it.
Once you get in inspect mode find the bit of html code that corresponds to what you want to map. Right click it and hover over Copy. You will see that you have some options regarding how you want it to be copied. I used a mix of XPath and css selectors throughout the code (itâs visible in the find_element_ method). It took me a while to get all the references to run smoothly. At points, the css or the xpath directions would fail, but as I adjusted the sleep times, everything started running smoothly.
In this case, I selected âcopy selectorâ and pasted it inside a find_element_ method (cell number 3). It will get you the first result it finds. If it was find_elements_, all elements would be retrieved and you could specify which to get.
Once you get that done, time for the loop. You can add more hashtags in the hashtag_list. If you run it for the first time, you still donât have a file with the users you followed, so you can simply create prev_user_list as an empty list.
Once you run it once, it will save a csv file with a timestamp with the users it followed. That file will serve as the prev_user_list on your second run. Simple and easy to keep track of what the bot does.
Update with the latest timestamp on the following runs and you get yourself a series of csv backlogs for every run of the bot.
The code is really simple. If you have some basic notions of Python you can probably pick it up quickly. Iâm no Python ninja and I was able to build it, so I guess that if you read this far, you are good to go!
hashtag_list = ['travelblog', 'travelblogger', 'traveler']
# prev_user_list = [] - if it's the first time you run it, use this line and comment the two below
prev_user_list = pd.read_csv('20181203-224633_users_followed_list.csv', delimiter=',').iloc[:,1:2] # useful to build a user log
prev_user_list = list(prev_user_list['0'])
new_followed = []
tag = -1
followed = 0
likes = 0
comments = 0
for hashtag in hashtag_list:
tag += 1
webdriver.get('https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/'+ hashtag_list[tag] + '/')
sleep(5)
first_thumbnail = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="react-root"]/section/main/article/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/a/div')
first_thumbnail.click()
sleep(randint(1,2))
try:
for x in range(1,200):
username = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/article/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/h2/a').text
if username not in prev_user_list:
# If we already follow, do not unfollow
if webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/article/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/button').text == 'Follow':
webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/article/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/button').click()
new_followed.append(username)
followed += 1
# Liking the picture
button_like = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/section[1]/span[1]/button/span')
button_like.click()
likes += 1
sleep(randint(18,25))
# Comments and tracker
comm_prob = randint(1,10)
print('{}_{}: {}'.format(hashtag, x,comm_prob))
if comm_prob > 7:
comments += 1
webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/section[1]/span[2]/button/span').click()
comment_box = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/section[3]/div/form/textarea')
if (comm_prob < 7):
comment_box.send_keys('Really cool!')
sleep(1)
elif (comm_prob > 6) and (comm_prob < 9):
comment_box.send_keys('Nice work :)')
sleep(1)
elif comm_prob == 9:
comment_box.send_keys('Nice gallery!!')
sleep(1)
elif comm_prob == 10:
comment_box.send_keys('So cool! :)')
sleep(1)
# Enter to post comment
comment_box.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
sleep(randint(22,28))
# Next picture
webdriver.find_element_by_link_text('Next').click()
sleep(randint(25,29))
else:
webdriver.find_element_by_link_text('Next').click()
sleep(randint(20,26))
# some hashtag stops refreshing photos (it may happen sometimes), it continues to the next
except:
continue
for n in range(0,len(new_followed)):
prev_user_list.append(new_followed[n])
updated_user_df = pd.DataFrame(prev_user_list)
updated_user_df.to_csv('{}_users_followed_list.csv'.format(strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S")))
print('Liked {} photos.'.format(likes))
print('Commented {} photos.'.format(comments))
print('Followed {} new people.'.format(followed))
The print statement inside the loop is the way I found to be able to have a tracker that lets me know at what iteration the bot is all the time. It will print the hashtag itâs in, the number of the iteration, and the random number generated for the comment action. I decided not to post comments in every page, so I added three different comments and a random number between 1 and 10 that would define if there was any comment at all, or one of the three. The loop ends, we append the new_followed users to the previous users âdatabaseâ and saves the new file with the timestamp. You should also get a small report.
And thatâs it!
After a few hours without checking the phone, these were the numbers I was getting. I definitely did not expect it to do so well! In about 4 days since Iâve started testing it, I had around 500 new followers, which means I have doubled my audience in a matter of days. Iâm curious to see how many of these new followers I will lose in the next days, to see if the growth can be sustainable. I also had a lot more âlikesâ in my latest photos, but I guess thatâs even more expected than the follow backs.
It would be nice to get this bot running in a server, but I have other projects I want to explore, and configuring a server is not one of them! Feel free to leave a comment below, and Iâll do my best to answer your questions.
Iâm actually curious to see how long will I keep posting regularly! If you feel like this article was helpful for you, consider thanking me by buying one of my photos.
How to Make an Instagram Bot With Python and InstaPy
What do SocialCaptain, Kicksta, Instavast, and many other companies have in common? They all help you reach a greater audience, gain more followers, and get more likes on Instagram while you hardly lift a finger. They do it all through automation, and people pay them a good deal of money for it. But you can do the same thingâfor freeâusing InstaPy!
In this tutorial, youâll learn how to build a bot with Python and InstaPy, which automates your Instagram activities so that you gain more followers and likes with minimal manual input. Along the way, youâll learn about browser automation with Selenium and the Page Object Pattern, which together serve as the basis for InstaPy.
In this tutorial, youâll learn:
- How Instagram bots work
- How to automate a browser with Selenium
- How to use the Page Object Pattern for better readability and testability
- How to build an Instagram bot with InstaPy
Youâll begin by learning how Instagram bots work before you build one.
Table of Contents
- How Instagram Bots Work
- How to Automate a Browser
- How to Use the Page Object Pattern
- How to Build an Instagram Bot With InstaPy
- Essential Features
- Additional Features in InstaPy
- Conclusion
Important: Make sure you check Instagramâs Terms of Use before implementing any kind of automation or scraping techniques.
How Instagram Bots Work
How can an automation script gain you more followers and likes? Before answering this question, think about how an actual person gains more followers and likes.
They do it by being consistently active on the platform. They post often, follow other people, and like and leave comments on other peopleâs posts. Bots work exactly the same way: They follow, like, and comment on a consistent basis according to the criteria you set.
The better the criteria you set, the better your results will be. You want to make sure youâre targeting the right groups because the people your bot interacts with on Instagram will be more likely to interact with your content.
For example, if youâre selling womenâs clothing on Instagram, then you can instruct your bot to like, comment on, and follow mostly women or profiles whose posts include hashtags such as #beauty, #fashion, or #clothes. This makes it more likely that your target audience will notice your profile, follow you back, and start interacting with your posts.
How does it work on the technical side, though? You canât use the Instagram Developer API since it is fairly limited for this purpose. Enter browser automation. It works in the following way:
- You serve it your credentials.
- You set the criteria for who to follow, what comments to leave, and which type of posts to like.
- Your bot opens a browser, types in
https://instagram.comon the address bar, logs in with your credentials, and starts doing the things you instructed it to do.
Next, youâll build the initial version of your Instagram bot, which will automatically log in to your profile. Note that you wonât use InstaPy just yet.
How to Automate a Browser
For this version of your Instagram bot, youâll be using Selenium, which is the tool that InstaPy uses under the hood.
First, install Selenium. During installation, make sure you also install the Firefox WebDriver since the latest version of InstaPy dropped support for Chrome. This also means that you need the Firefox browser installed on your computer.
Now, create a Python file and write the following code in it:
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
sleep(5)
browser.close()
Run the code and youâll see that a Firefox browser opens and directs you to the Instagram login page. Hereâs a line-by-line breakdown of the code:
- Lines 1 and 2 import
sleepandwebdriver. - Line 4 initializes the Firefox driver and sets it to
browser. - Line 6 types
https://www.instagram.com/on the address bar and hits Enter. - Line 8 waits for five seconds so you can see the result. Otherwise, it would close the browser instantly.
- Line 10 closes the browser.
This is the Selenium version of Hello, World. Now youâre ready to add the code that logs in to your Instagram profile. But first, think about how you would log in to your profile manually. You would do the following:
- Go to
https://www.instagram.com/. - Click the login link.
- Enter your credentials.
- Hit the login button.
The first step is already done by the code above. Now change it so that it clicks on the login link on the Instagram home page:
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.implicitly_wait(5)
browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
login_link = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[text()='Log in']")
login_link.click()
sleep(5)
browser.close()
Note the highlighted lines:
- Line 5 sets five seconds of waiting time. If Selenium canât find an element, then it waits for five seconds to allow everything to load and tries again.
- Line 9 finds the element
<a>whose text is equal toLog in. It does this using XPath, but there are a few other methods you could use. - Line 10 clicks on the found element
<a>for the login link.
Run the script and youâll see your script in action. It will open the browser, go to Instagram, and click on the login link to go to the login page.
On the login page, there are three important elements:
- The username input
- The password input
- The login button
Next, change the script so that it finds those elements, enters your credentials, and clicks on the login button:
from time import sleep
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.implicitly_wait(5)
browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
login_link = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[text()='Log in']")
login_link.click()
sleep(2)
username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='username']")
password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password']")
username_input.send_keys("<your username>")
password_input.send_keys("<your password>")
login_button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']")
login_button.click()
sleep(5)
browser.close()
Hereâs a breakdown of the changes:
- Line 12 sleeps for two seconds to allow the page to load.
- Lines 14 and 15 find username and password inputs by CSS. You could use any other method that you prefer.
- Lines 17 and 18 type your username and password in their respective inputs. Donât forget to fill in
<your username>and<your password>! - Line 20 finds the login button by XPath.
- Line 21 clicks on the login button.
Run the script and youâll be automatically logged in to to your Instagram profile.
Youâre off to a good start with your Instagram bot. If you were to continue writing this script, then the rest would look very similar. You would find the posts that you like by scrolling down your feed, find the like button by CSS, click on it, find the comments section, leave a comment, and continue.
The good news is that all of those steps can be handled by InstaPy. But before you jump into using Instapy, there is one other thing that you should know about to better understand how InstaPy works: the Page Object Pattern.
How to Use the Page Object Pattern
Now that youâve written the login code, how would you write a test for it? It would look something like the following:
def test_login_page(browser):
browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/')
username_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='username']")
password_input = browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password']")
username_input.send_keys("<your username>")
password_input.send_keys("<your password>")
login_button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']")
login_button.click()
errors = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#error_message')
assert len(errors) == 0
Can you see whatâs wrong with this code? It doesnât follow the DRY principle. That is, the code is duplicated in both the application and the test code.
Duplicating code is especially bad in this context because Selenium code is dependent on UI elements, and UI elements tend to change. When they do change, you want to update your code in one place. Thatâs where the Page Object Pattern comes in.
With this pattern, you create page object classes for the most important pages or fragments that provide interfaces that are straightforward to program to and that hide the underlying widgetry in the window. With this in mind, you can rewrite the code above and create a HomePage class and a LoginPage class:
from time import sleep
class LoginPage:
def __init__(self, browser):
self.browser = browser
def login(self, username, password):
username_input = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='username']")
password_input = self.browser.find_element_by_css_selector("input[name='password']")
username_input.send_keys(username)
password_input.send_keys(password)
login_button = browser.find_element_by_xpath("//button[@type='submit']")
login_button.click()
sleep(5)
class HomePage:
def __init__(self, browser):
self.browser = browser
self.browser.get('https://www.instagram.com/')
def go_to_login_page(self):
self.browser.find_element_by_xpath("//a[text()='Log in']").click()
sleep(2)
return LoginPage(self.browser)
The code is the same except that the home page and the login page are represented as classes. The classes encapsulate the mechanics required to find and manipulate the data in the UI. That is, there are methods and accessors that allow the software to do anything a human can.
One other thing to note is that when you navigate to another page using a page object, it returns a page object for the new page. Note the returned value of go_to_log_in_page(). If you had another class called FeedPage, then login() of the LoginPage class would return an instance of that: return FeedPage().
Hereâs how you can put the Page Object Pattern to use:
from selenium import webdriver
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.implicitly_wait(5)
home_page = HomePage(browser)
login_page = home_page.go_to_login_page()
login_page.login("<your username>", "<your password>")
browser.close()
It looks much better, and the test above can now be rewritten to look like this:
def test_login_page(browser):
home_page = HomePage(browser)
login_page = home_page.go_to_login_page()
login_page.login("<your username>", "<your password>")
errors = browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('#error_message')
assert len(errors) == 0
With these changes, you wonât have to touch your tests if something changes in the UI.
For more information on the Page Object Pattern, refer to the official documentation and to Martin Fowlerâs article.
Now that youâre familiar with both Selenium and the Page Object Pattern, youâll feel right at home with InstaPy. Youâll build a basic bot with it next.
Note: Both Selenium and the Page Object Pattern are widely used for other websites, not just for Instagram.
How to Build an Instagram Bot With InstaPy
In this section, youâll use InstaPy to build an Instagram bot that will automatically like, follow, and comment on different posts. First, youâll need to install InstaPy:
$ python3 -m pip install instapy
This will install instapy in your system.
Essential Features
Now you can rewrite the code above with InstaPy so that you can compare the two options. First, create another Python file and put the following code in it:
from instapy import InstaPy
InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>").login()
Replace the username and password with yours, run the script, and voilĂ ! With just one line of code, you achieved the same result.
Even though your results are the same, you can see that the behavior isnât exactly the same. In addition to simply logging in to your profile, InstaPy does some other things, such as checking your internet connection and the status of the Instagram servers. This can be observed directly on the browser or in the logs:
INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:19] [username] -- Connection Checklist [1/3] (Internet Connection Status)
INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:20] [username] - Internet Connection Status: ok
INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:20] [username] - Current IP is "17.283.46.379" and it's from "Germany/DE"
INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:20] [username] -- Connection Checklist [2/3] (Instagram Server Status)
INFO [2019-12-17 22:03:26] [username] - Instagram WebSite Status: Currently Up
Pretty good for one line of code, isnât it? Now itâs time to make the script do more interesting things than just logging in.
For the purpose of this example, assume that your profile is all about cars, and that your bot is intended to interact with the profiles of people who are also interested in cars.
First, you can like some posts that are tagged #bmw or #mercedes using like_by_tags():
from instapy import InstaPy
session = InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>")
session.login()
session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5)
Here, you gave the method a list of tags to like and the number of posts to like for each given tag. In this case, you instructed it to like ten posts, five for each of the two tags. But take a look at what happens after you run the script:
INFO [2019-12-17 22:15:58] [username] Tag [1/2]
INFO [2019-12-17 22:15:58] [username] --> b'bmw'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:07] [username] desired amount: 14 | top posts [disabled]: 9 | possible posts: 43726739
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:13] [username] Like# [1/14]
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:13] [username] https://www.instagram.com/p/B6MCcGcC3tU/
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Image from: b'mattyproduction'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Link: b'https://www.instagram.com/p/B6MCcGcC3tU/'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Description: b'Mal etwas anderes \xf0\x9f\x91\x80\xe2\x98\xba\xef\xb8\x8f Bald ist das komplette Video auf YouTube zu finden (n\xc3\xa4here Infos werden folgen). Vielen Dank an @patrick_jwki @thehuthlife und @christic_ f\xc3\xbcr das bereitstellen der Autos \xf0\x9f\x94\xa5\xf0\x9f\x98\x8d#carporn#cars#tuning#bagged#bmw#m2#m2competition#focusrs#ford#mk3#e92#m3#panasonic#cinematic#gh5s#dji#roninm#adobe#videography#music#bimmer#fordperformance#night#shooting#'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:15] [username] Location: b'K\xc3\xb6ln, Germany'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:51] [username] --> Image Liked!
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:56] [username] --> Not commented
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:57] [username] --> Not following
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:58] [username] Like# [2/14]
INFO [2019-12-17 22:16:58] [username] https://www.instagram.com/p/B6MDK1wJ-Kb/
INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:01] [username] Image from: b'davs0'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:01] [username] Link: b'https://www.instagram.com/p/B6MDK1wJ-Kb/'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:01] [username] Description: b'Someone said cloud? \xf0\x9f\xa4\x94\xf0\x9f\xa4\xad\xf0\x9f\x98\x88 \xe2\x80\xa2\n\xe2\x80\xa2\n\xe2\x80\xa2\n\xe2\x80\xa2\n#bmw #bmwrepost #bmwm4 #bmwm4gts #f82 #bmwmrepost #bmwmsport #bmwmperformance #bmwmpower #bmwm4cs #austinyellow #davs0 #mpower_official #bmw_world_ua #bimmerworld #bmwfans #bmwfamily #bimmers #bmwpost #ultimatedrivingmachine #bmwgang #m3f80 #m5f90 #m4f82 #bmwmafia #bmwcrew #bmwlifestyle'
INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:34] [username] --> Image Liked!
INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:37] [username] --> Not commented
INFO [2019-12-17 22:17:38] [username] --> Not following
By default, InstaPy will like the first nine top posts in addition to your amount value. In this case, that brings the total number of likes per tag to fourteen (nine top posts plus the five you specified in amount).
Also note that InstaPy logs every action it takes. As you can see above, it mentions which post it liked as well as its link, description, location, and whether the bot commented on the post or followed the author.
You may have noticed that there are delays after almost every action. Thatâs by design. It prevents your profile from getting banned on Instagram.
Now, you probably donât want your bot liking inappropriate posts. To prevent that from happening, you can use set_dont_like():
from instapy import InstaPy
session = InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>")
session.login()
session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5)
session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"])
With this change, posts that have the words naked or nsfw in their descriptions wonât be liked. You can flag any other words that you want your bot to avoid.
Next, you can tell the bot to not only like the posts but also to follow some of the authors of those posts. You can do that with set_do_follow():
from instapy import InstaPy
session = InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>")
session.login()
session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5)
session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"])
session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50)
If you run the script now, then the bot will follow fifty percent of the users whose posts it liked. As usual, every action will be logged.
You can also leave some comments on the posts. There are two things that you need to do. First, enable commenting with set_do_comment():
from instapy import InstaPy
session = InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>")
session.login()
session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5)
session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"])
session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50)
session.set_do_comment(True, percentage=50)
Next, tell the bot what comments to leave with set_comments():
from instapy import InstaPy
session = InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>")
session.login()
session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5)
session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"])
session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50)
session.set_do_comment(True, percentage=50)
session.set_comments(["Nice!", "Sweet!", "Beautiful :heart_eyes:"])
Run the script and the bot will leave one of those three comments on half the posts that it interacts with.
Now that youâre done with the basic settings, itâs a good idea to end the session with end():
from instapy import InstaPy
session = InstaPy(username="<your_username>", password="<your_password>")
session.login()
session.like_by_tags(["bmw", "mercedes"], amount=5)
session.set_dont_like(["naked", "nsfw"])
session.set_do_follow(True, percentage=50)
session.set_do_comment(True, percentage=50)
session.set_comments(["Nice!", "Sweet!", "Beautiful :heart_eyes:"])
session.end()
This will close the browser, save the logs, and prepare a report that you can see in the console output.
Additional Features in InstaPy
InstaPy is a sizable project that has a lot of thoroughly documented features. The good news is that if youâre feeling comfortable with the features you used above, then the rest should feel pretty similar. This section will outline some of the more useful features of InstaPy.
Quota Supervisor
You canât scrape Instagram all day, every day. The service will quickly notice that youâre running a bot and will ban some of its actions. Thatâs why itâs a good idea to set quotas on some of your botâs actions. Take the following for example:
session.set_quota_supervisor(enabled=True, peak_comments_daily=240, peak_comments_hourly=21)
The bot will keep commenting until it reaches its hourly and daily limits. It will resume commenting after the quota period has passed.
Headless Browser
This feature allows you to run your bot without the GUI of the browser. This is super useful if you want to deploy your bot to a server where you may not have or need the graphical interface. Itâs also less CPU intensive, so it improves performance. You can use it like so:
session = InstaPy(username='test', password='test', headless_browser=True)
Note that you set this flag when you initialize the InstaPy object.
Using AI to Analyze Posts
Earlier you saw how to ignore posts that contain inappropriate words in their descriptions. What if the description is good but the image itself is inappropriate? You can integrate your InstaPy bot with ClarifAI, which offers image and video recognition services:
session.set_use_clarifai(enabled=True, api_key='<your_api_key>')
session.clarifai_check_img_for(['nsfw'])
Now your bot wonât like or comment on any image that ClarifAI considers NSFW. You get 5,000 free API-calls per month.
Relationship Bounds
Itâs often a waste of time to interact with posts by people who have a lot of followers. In such cases, itâs a good idea to set some relationship bounds so that your bot doesnât waste your precious computing resources:
session.set_relationship_bounds(enabled=True, max_followers=8500)
With this, your bot wonât interact with posts by users who have more than 8,500 followers.
For many more features and configurations in InstaPy, check out the documentation.
Conclusion
InstaPy allows you to automate your Instagram activities with minimal fuss and effort. Itâs a very flexible tool with a lot of useful features.
In this tutorial, you learned:
- How Instagram bots work
- How to automate a browser with Selenium
- How to use the Page Object Pattern to make your code more maintainable and testable
- How to use InstaPy to build a basic Instagram bot
Read the InstaPy documentation and experiment with your bot a little bit. Soon youâll start getting new followers and likes with a minimal amount of effort. I gained a few new followers myself while writing this tutorial.
Automating Instagram API with Python
Gain active followers - Algorithm
Maybe some of you do not agree it is a good way to grow your IG page by using follow for follow method but after a lot of researching I found the proper way to use this method.
I have done and used this strategy for a while and my page visits also followers started growing.
The majority of people failing because they randomly targeting the followers and as a result, they are not coming back to your page. So, the key is to find people those have same interests with you.
If you have a programming page go and search for IG pages which have big programming community and once you find one, donât send follow requests to followers of this page. Because some of them are not active even maybe fake accounts. So, in order to gain active followers, go the last post of this page and find people who liked the post.
Unofficial Instagram API
In order to query data from Instagram I am going to use the very cool, yet unofficial, Instagram API written by Pasha Lev.
**Note:**Before you test it make sure you verified your phone number in your IG account.
The program works pretty well so far but in case of any problems I have to put disclaimer statement here:
Disclaimer: This post published educational purposes only as well as to give general information about Instagram API. I am not responsible for any actions and you are taking your own risk.
Letâs start by installing and then logging in with API.
pip install InstagramApi
from InstagramAPI import InstagramAPI
api = InstagramAPI("username", "password")
api.login()
Once you run the program you will see âLogin success!â in your console.
Get users from liked list
We are going to search for some username (your target page) then get most recent post from this user. Then, get users who liked this post. Unfortunately, I canât find solution how to paginate users so right now it gets about last 500 user.
users_list = []
def get_likes_list(username):
api.login()
api.searchUsername(username)
result = api.LastJson
username_id = result['user']['pk'] # Get user ID
user_posts = api.getUserFeed(username_id) # Get user feed
result = api.LastJson
media_id = result['items'][0]['id'] # Get most recent post
api.getMediaLikers(media_id) # Get users who liked
users = api.LastJson['users']
for user in users: # Push users to list
users_list.append({'pk':user['pk'], 'username':user['username']})
Follow Users
Once we get the users list, it is time to follow these users.
IMPORTANT NOTE: set time limit as much as you can to avoid automation detection.
from time import sleep
following_users = []
def follow_users(users_list):
api.login()
api.getSelfUsersFollowing() # Get users which you are following
result = api.LastJson
for user in result['users']:
following_users.append(user['pk'])
for user in users_list:
if not user['pk'] in following_users: # if new user is not in your following users
print('Following @' + user['username'])
api.follow(user['pk'])
# after first test set this really long to avoid from suspension
sleep(20)
else:
print('Already following @' + user['username'])
sleep(10)
Unfollow Users
This function will look users which you are following then it will check if this user follows you as well. If user not following you then you are unfollowing as well.
follower_users = []
def unfollow_users():
api.login()
api.getSelfUserFollowers() # Get your followers
result = api.LastJson
for user in result['users']:
follower_users.append({'pk':user['pk'], 'username':user['username']})
api.getSelfUsersFollowing() # Get users which you are following
result = api.LastJson
for user in result['users']:
following_users.append({'pk':user['pk'],'username':user['username']})
for user in following_users:
if not user['pk'] in follower_users: # if the user not follows you
print('Unfollowing @' + user['username'])
api.unfollow(user['pk'])
# set this really long to avoid from suspension
sleep(20)
Full Code with extra functions
Here is the full code of this automation
import pprint
from time import sleep
from InstagramAPI import InstagramAPI
import pandas as pd
users_list = []
following_users = []
follower_users = []
class InstaBot:
def __init__(self):
self.api = InstagramAPI("your_username", "your_password")
def get_likes_list(self,username):
api = self.api
api.login()
api.searchUsername(username) #Gets most recent post from user
result = api.LastJson
username_id = result['user']['pk']
user_posts = api.getUserFeed(username_id)
result = api.LastJson
media_id = result['items'][0]['id']
api.getMediaLikers(media_id)
users = api.LastJson['users']
for user in users:
users_list.append({'pk':user['pk'], 'username':user['username']})
bot.follow_users(users_list)
def follow_users(self,users_list):
api = self.api
api.login()
api.getSelfUsersFollowing()
result = api.LastJson
for user in result['users']:
following_users.append(user['pk'])
for user in users_list:
if not user['pk'] in following_users:
print('Following @' + user['username'])
api.follow(user['pk'])
# set this really long to avoid from suspension
sleep(20)
else:
print('Already following @' + user['username'])
sleep(10)
def unfollow_users(self):
api = self.api
api.login()
api.getSelfUserFollowers()
result = api.LastJson
for user in result['users']:
follower_users.append({'pk':user['pk'], 'username':user['username']})
api.getSelfUsersFollowing()
result = api.LastJson
for user in result['users']:
following_users.append({'pk':user['pk'],'username':user['username']})
for user in following_users:
if not user['pk'] in [user['pk'] for user in follower_users]:
print('Unfollowing @' + user['username'])
api.unfollow(user['pk'])
# set this really long to avoid from suspension
sleep(20)
bot = InstaBot()
# To follow users run the function below
# change the username ('instagram') to your target username
bot.get_likes_list('instagram')
# To unfollow users uncomment and run the function below
# bot.unfollow_users()
it will look like this:
some extra functions to play with API:
def get_my_profile_details():
api.login()
api.getSelfUsernameInfo()
result = api.LastJson
username = result['user']['username']
full_name = result['user']['full_name']
profile_pic_url = result['user']['profile_pic_url']
followers = result['user']['follower_count']
following = result['user']['following_count']
media_count = result['user']['media_count']
df_profile = pd.DataFrame(
{'username':username,
'full name': full_name,
'profile picture URL':profile_pic_url,
'followers':followers,
'following':following,
'media count': media_count,
}, index=[0])
df_profile.to_csv('profile.csv', sep='\t', encoding='utf-8')
def get_my_feed():
image_urls = []
api.login()
api.getSelfUserFeed()
result = api.LastJson
# formatted_json_str = pprint.pformat(result)
# print(formatted_json_str)
if 'items' in result.keys():
for item in result['items'][0:5]:
if 'image_versions2' in item.keys():
image_url = item['image_versions2']['candidates'][1]['url']
image_urls.append(image_url)
df_feed = pd.DataFrame({
'image URL':image_urls
})
df_feed.to_csv('feed.csv', sep='\t', encoding='utf-8')
Building an Instagram Bot with Python and Selenium to Gain More Followers
Letâs build an Instagram bot to gain more followers! â I know, I know. That doesnât sound very ethical, does it? But itâs all justified for educational purposes.
Coding is a super power â we can all agree. Thatâs why Iâll leave it up to you to not abuse this power. And I trust youâre here to learn how it works. Otherwise, youâd be on GitHub cloning one of the countless Instagram bots there, right?
Youâre convinced? â Alright, now letâs go back to unethical practices.
The Plan
So hereâs the deal, we want to build a bot in Python and Selenium that goes on the hashtags we specify, likes random posts, then follows the posters. It does that enough â we get follow backs. Simple as that.
Hereâs a pretty twisted detail though: we want to keep track of the users we follow so the bot can unfollow them after the number of days we specify.
Setup
So first things first, I want to use a database to keep track of the username and the date added. You might as well save/load from/to a file, but we want this to be ready for more features in case we felt inspired in the future.
So make sure you create a database (I named mine instabot â but you can name it anything you like) and create a table called followed_users within the database with two fields (username, date_added)
Remember the installation path. Youâll need it.
Youâll also need the following python packages:
- selenium
- mysql-connector
Getting down to it
Alright, so first thing weâll be doing is creating settings.json. Simply a .json file that will hold all of our settings so we donât have to dive into the code every time we want to change something.
Settings
settings.json:
{
"db": {
"host": "localhost",
"user": "root",
"pass": "",
"database": "instabot"
},
"instagram": {
"user": "",
"pass": ""
},
"config": {
"days_to_unfollow": 1,
"likes_over": 150,
"check_followers_every": 3600,
"hashtags": []
}
}
As you can see, under âdbâ, we specify the database information. As I mentioned, I used âinstabotâ, but feel free to use whatever name you want.
Youâll also need to fill Instagram info under âinstagramâ so the bot can login into your account.
âconfigâ is for our botâs settings. Hereâs what the fields mean:
days_to_unfollow: number of days before unfollowing users
likes_over: ignore posts if the number of likes is above this number
check_followers_every: number of seconds before checking if itâs time to unfollow any of the users
hashtags: a list of strings with the hashtag names the bot should be active on
Constants
Now, we want to take these settings and have them inside our code as constants.
Create Constants.py:
import json
INST_USER= INST_PASS= USER= PASS= HOST= DATABASE= POST_COMMENTS= ''
LIKES_LIMIT= DAYS_TO_UNFOLLOW= CHECK_FOLLOWERS_EVERY= 0
HASHTAGS= []
def init():
global INST_USER, INST_PASS, USER, PASS, HOST, DATABASE, LIKES_LIMIT, DAYS_TO_UNFOLLOW, CHECK_FOLLOWERS_EVERY, HASHTAGS
# read file
data = None
with open('settings.json', 'r') as myfile:
data = myfile.read()
obj = json.loads(data)
INST_USER = obj['instagram']['user']
INST_PASS = obj['instagram']['pass']
USER = obj['db']['user']
HOST = obj['db']['host']
PASS = obj['db']['pass']
DATABASE = obj['db']['database']
LIKES_LIMIT = obj['config']['likes_over']
CHECK_FOLLOWERS_EVERY = obj['config']['check_followers_every']
HASHTAGS = obj['config']['hashtags']
DAYS_TO_UNFOLLOW = obj['config']['days_to_unfollow']
the init() function we created reads the data from settings.json and feeds them into the constants we declared.
Engine
Alright, time for some architecture. Our bot will mainly operate from a python script with an init and update methods. Create BotEngine.py:
import Constants
def init(webdriver):
return
def update(webdriver):
return
Weâll be back later to put the logic here, but for now, we need an entry point.
Entry Point
Create our entry point, InstaBot.py:
from selenium import webdriver
import BotEngine
chromedriver_path = 'YOUR CHROMEDRIVER PATH'
webdriver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path)
BotEngine.init(webdriver)
BotEngine.update(webdriver)
webdriver.close()
chromedriver_path = âYOUR CHROMEDRIVER PATHâ webdriver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path)
BotEngine.init(webdriver)
BotEngine.update(webdriver)
webdriver.close()
Of course, youâll need to swap âYOUR CHROMEDRIVER PATHâ with your actual ChromeDriver path.
Time Helper
We need to create a helper script that will help us calculate elapsed days since a certain date (so we know if we should unfollow user)
Create TimeHelper.py:
import datetime
def days_since_date(n):
diff = datetime.datetime.now().date() - n
return diff.days
Database
Create DBHandler.py. Itâll contain a class that handles connecting to the Database for us.
import mysql.connector
import Constants
class DBHandler:
def __init__(self):
DBHandler.HOST = Constants.HOST
DBHandler.USER = Constants.USER
DBHandler.DBNAME = Constants.DATABASE
DBHandler.PASSWORD = Constants.PASS
HOST = Constants.HOST
USER = Constants.USER
DBNAME = Constants.DATABASE
PASSWORD = Constants.PASS
@staticmethod
def get_mydb():
if DBHandler.DBNAME == '':
Constants.init()
db = DBHandler()
mydb = db.connect()
return mydb
def connect(self):
mydb = mysql.connector.connect(
host=DBHandler.HOST,
user=DBHandler.USER,
passwd=DBHandler.PASSWORD,
database = DBHandler.DBNAME
)
return mydb
As you can see, weâre using the constants we defined.
The class contains a static method get_mydb() that returns a database connection we can use.
Now, letâs define a DB user script that contains the DB operations we need to perform on the user.
Create DBUsers.py:
import datetime, TimeHelper
from DBHandler import *
import Constants
#delete user by username
def delete_user(username):
mydb = DBHandler.get_mydb()
cursor = mydb.cursor()
sql = "DELETE FROM followed_users WHERE username = '{0}'".format(username)
cursor.execute(sql)
mydb.commit()
#add new username
def add_user(username):
mydb = DBHandler.get_mydb()
cursor = mydb.cursor()
now = datetime.datetime.now().date()
cursor.execute("INSERT INTO followed_users(username, date_added) VALUES(%s,%s)",(username, now))
mydb.commit()
#check if any user qualifies to be unfollowed
def check_unfollow_list():
mydb = DBHandler.get_mydb()
cursor = mydb.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM followed_users")
results = cursor.fetchall()
users_to_unfollow = []
for r in results:
d = TimeHelper.days_since_date(r[1])
if d > Constants.DAYS_TO_UNFOLLOW:
users_to_unfollow.append(r[0])
return users_to_unfollow
#get all followed users
def get_followed_users():
users = []
mydb = DBHandler.get_mydb()
cursor = mydb.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM followed_users")
results = cursor.fetchall()
for r in results:
users.append(r[0])
return users
Account Agent
Alright, weâre about to start our bot. Weâre creating a script called AccountAgent.py that will contain the agent behavior.
Import some modules, some of which we need for later and write a login function that will make use of our webdriver.
Notice that we have to keep calling the sleep function between actions. If we send too many requests quickly, the Instagram servers will be alarmed and will deny any requests you send.
from time import sleep
import datetime
import DBUsers, Constants
import traceback
import random
def login(webdriver):
#Open the instagram login page
webdriver.get('https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login/?source=auth_switcher')
#sleep for 3 seconds to prevent issues with the server
sleep(3)
#Find username and password fields and set their input using our constants
username = webdriver.find_element_by_name('username')
username.send_keys(Constants.INST_USER)
password = webdriver.find_element_by_name('password')
password.send_keys(Constants.INST_PASS)
#Get the login button
try:
button_login = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="react-root"]/section/main/div/article/div/div[1]/div/form/div[4]/button')
except:
button_login = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="react-root"]/section/main/div/article/div/div[1]/div/form/div[6]/button/div')
#sleep again
sleep(2)
#click login
button_login.click()
sleep(3)
#In case you get a popup after logging in, press not now.
#If not, then just return
try:
notnow = webdriver.find_element_by_css_selector(
'body > div.RnEpo.Yx5HN > div > div > div.mt3GC > button.aOOlW.HoLwm')
notnow.click()
except:
return
Also note how weâre getting elements with their xpath. To do so, right click on the element, click âInspectâ, then right click on the element again inside the inspector, and choose Copy->Copy XPath.
Another important thing to be aware of is that element hierarchy change with the pageâs layout when you resize or stretch the window. Thatâs why weâre checking for two different xpaths for the login button.
Now go back to BotEngine.py, weâre ready to login.
Add more imports that weâll need later and fill in the init function
import AccountAgent, DBUsers
import Constants
import datetime
def init(webdriver):
Constants.init()
AccountAgent.login(webdriver)
def update(webdriver):
return
If you run our entry script now (InstaBot.py) youâll see the bot logging in.
Perfect, now letâs add a method that will allow us to follow people to AccountAgent.py:
def follow_people(webdriver):
#all the followed user
prev_user_list = DBUsers.get_followed_users()
#a list to store newly followed users
new_followed = []
#counters
followed = 0
likes = 0
#Iterate theough all the hashtags from the constants
for hashtag in Constants.HASHTAGS:
#Visit the hashtag
webdriver.get('https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/' + hashtag+ '/')
sleep(5)
#Get the first post thumbnail and click on it
first_thumbnail = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(
'//*[@id="react-root"]/section/main/article/div[1]/div/div/div[1]/div[1]/a/div')
first_thumbnail.click()
sleep(random.randint(1,3))
try:
#iterate over the first 200 posts in the hashtag
for x in range(1,200):
t_start = datetime.datetime.now()
#Get the poster's username
username = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/article/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[1]/h2/a').text
likes_over_limit = False
try:
#get number of likes and compare it to the maximum number of likes to ignore post
likes = int(webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(
'/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/section[2]/div/div/button/span').text)
if likes > Constants.LIKES_LIMIT:
print("likes over {0}".format(Constants.LIKES_LIMIT))
likes_over_limit = True
print("Detected: {0}".format(username))
#If username isn't stored in the database and the likes are in the acceptable range
if username not in prev_user_list and not likes_over_limit:
#Don't press the button if the text doesn't say follow
if webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/article/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/button').text == 'Follow':
#Use DBUsers to add the new user to the database
DBUsers.add_user(username)
#Click follow
webdriver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/article/header/div[2]/div[1]/div[2]/button').click()
followed += 1
print("Followed: {0}, #{1}".format(username, followed))
new_followed.append(username)
# Liking the picture
button_like = webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(
'/html/body/div[3]/div[2]/div/article/div[2]/section[1]/span[1]/button')
button_like.click()
likes += 1
print("Liked {0}'s post, #{1}".format(username, likes))
sleep(random.randint(5, 18))
# Next picture
webdriver.find_element_by_link_text('Next').click()
sleep(random.randint(20, 30))
except:
traceback.print_exc()
continue
t_end = datetime.datetime.now()
#calculate elapsed time
t_elapsed = t_end - t_start
print("This post took {0} seconds".format(t_elapsed.total_seconds()))
except:
traceback.print_exc()
continue
#add new list to old list
for n in range(0, len(new_followed)):
prev_user_list.append(new_followed[n])
print('Liked {} photos.'.format(likes))
print('Followed {} new people.'.format(followed))
Itâs pretty long, but generally hereâs the steps of the algorithm:
For every hashtag in the hashtag constant list:
- Visit the hashtag link
- Open the first thumbnail
- Now, execute the following code 200 times (first 200 posts in the hashtag)
- Get posterâs username, check if not already following, follow, like the post, then click next
- If already following just click next quickly
Now we might as well implement the unfollow method, hopefully the engine will be feeding us the usernames to unfollow in a list:
def unfollow_people(webdriver, people):
#if only one user, append in a list
if not isinstance(people, (list,)):
p = people
people = []
people.append(p)
for user in people:
try:
webdriver.get('https://www.instagram.com/' + user + '/')
sleep(5)
unfollow_xpath = '//*[@id="react-root"]/section/main/div/header/section/div[1]/div[1]/span/span[1]/button'
unfollow_confirm_xpath = '/html/body/div[3]/div/div/div[3]/button[1]'
if webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(unfollow_xpath).text == "Following":
sleep(random.randint(4, 15))
webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(unfollow_xpath).click()
sleep(2)
webdriver.find_element_by_xpath(unfollow_confirm_xpath).click()
sleep(4)
DBUsers.delete_user(user)
except Exception:
traceback.print_exc()
continue
Now we can finally go back and finish the bot by implementing the rest of BotEngine.py:
import AccountAgent, DBUsers
import Constants
import datetime
def init(webdriver):
Constants.init()
AccountAgent.login(webdriver)
def update(webdriver):
#Get start of time to calculate elapsed time later
start = datetime.datetime.now()
#Before the loop, check if should unfollow anyone
_check_follow_list(webdriver)
while True:
#Start following operation
AccountAgent.follow_people(webdriver)
#Get the time at the end
end = datetime.datetime.now()
#How much time has passed?
elapsed = end - start
#If greater than our constant to check on
#followers, check on followers
if elapsed.total_seconds() >= Constants.CHECK_FOLLOWERS_EVERY:
#reset the start variable to now
start = datetime.datetime.now()
#check on followers
_check_follow_list(webdriver)
def _check_follow_list(webdriver):
print("Checking for users to unfollow")
#get the unfollow list
users = DBUsers.check_unfollow_list()
#if there's anyone in the list, start unfollowing operation
if len(users) > 0:
AccountAgent.unfollow_people(webdriver, users)
Conclusion
And thatâs it â now you have yourself a fully functional Instagram bot built with Python and Selenium. There are many possibilities for you to explore now, so make sure youâre using this newly gained skill to solve real life problems!
You can get the source code for the whole project from this GitHub repository.
Building a simple Instagram bot with Python tutorial
Here we build a simple bot using some simple Python which beginner to intermediate coders can follow.
Hereâs the code on GitHub
https://github.com/aj-4/ig-followers
Build A (Full-Featured) Instagram Bot With Python
Source Code: https://github.com/jg-fisher/instagram-bot
How to Get Instagram Followers/Likes Using Python
In this video I show you how to program your own Instagram Bot using Python and Selenium.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGU2X5lrz9M
Code Link:
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
import time
import random
import sys
def print_same_line(text):
sys.stdout.write('\r')
sys.stdout.flush()
sys.stdout.write(text)
sys.stdout.flush()
class InstagramBot:
def __init__(self, username, password):
self.username = username
self.password = password
self.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
def closeBrowser(self):
self.driver.close()
def login(self):
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://www.instagram.com/")
time.sleep(2)
login_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//a[@href='/accounts/login/?source=auth_switcher']")
login_button.click()
time.sleep(2)
user_name_elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='username']")
user_name_elem.clear()
user_name_elem.send_keys(self.username)
passworword_elem = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='password']")
passworword_elem.clear()
passworword_elem.send_keys(self.password)
passworword_elem.send_keys(Keys.RETURN)
time.sleep(2)
def like_photo(self, hashtag):
driver = self.driver
driver.get("https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/" + hashtag + "/")
time.sleep(2)
# gathering photos
pic_hrefs = []
for i in range(1, 7):
try:
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
time.sleep(2)
# get tags
hrefs_in_view = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('a')
# finding relevant hrefs
hrefs_in_view = [elem.get_attribute('href') for elem in hrefs_in_view
if '.com/p/' in elem.get_attribute('href')]
# building list of unique photos
[pic_hrefs.append(href) for href in hrefs_in_view if href not in pic_hrefs]
# print("Check: pic href length " + str(len(pic_hrefs)))
except Exception:
continue
# Liking photos
unique_photos = len(pic_hrefs)
for pic_href in pic_hrefs:
driver.get(pic_href)
time.sleep(2)
driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
try:
time.sleep(random.randint(2, 4))
like_button = lambda: driver.find_element_by_xpath('//span[@aria-label="Like"]').click()
like_button().click()
for second in reversed(range(0, random.randint(18, 28))):
print_same_line("#" + hashtag + ': unique photos left: ' + str(unique_photos)
+ " | Sleeping " + str(second))
time.sleep(1)
except Exception as e:
time.sleep(2)
unique_photos -= 1
if __name__ == "__main__":
username = "USERNAME"
password = "PASSWORD"
ig = InstagramBot(username, password)
ig.login()
hashtags = ['amazing', 'beautiful', 'adventure', 'photography', 'nofilter',
'newyork', 'artsy', 'alumni', 'lion', 'best', 'fun', 'happy',
'art', 'funny', 'me', 'followme', 'follow', 'cinematography', 'cinema',
'love', 'instagood', 'instagood', 'followme', 'fashion', 'sun', 'scruffy',
'street', 'canon', 'beauty', 'studio', 'pretty', 'vintage', 'fierce']
while True:
try:
# Choose a random tag from the list of tags
tag = random.choice(hashtags)
ig.like_photo(tag)
except Exception:
ig.closeBrowser()
time.sleep(60)
ig = InstagramBot(username, password)
ig.login()
Build An INSTAGRAM Bot With Python That Gets You Followers
Instagram Automation Using Python
How to Create an Instagram Bot | Get More Followers
Building a simple Instagram Influencer Bot with Python tutorial
#python #chatbot #web-development
1657081614
How to Automate Excel with Python | Python Excel Tutorial (OpenPyXL)
How to Automate Excel with Python
In this article, We will show how we can use python to automate Excel . A useful Python library is Openpyxl which we will learn to do Excel Automation
What is OPENPYXL
Openpyxl is a Python library that is used to read from an Excel file or write to an Excel file. Data scientists use Openpyxl for data analysis, data copying, data mining, drawing charts, styling sheets, adding formulas, and more.
Workbook: A spreadsheet is represented as a workbook in openpyxl. A workbook consists of one or more sheets.
Sheet: A sheet is a single page composed of cells for organizing data.
Cell: The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell. Usually represented by A1, B5, etc.
Row: A row is a horizontal line represented by a number (1,2, etc.).
Column: A column is a vertical line represented by a capital letter (A, B, etc.).
Openpyxl can be installed using the pip command and it is recommended to install it in a virtual environment.
pip install openpyxl
CREATE A NEW WORKBOOK
We start by creating a new spreadsheet, which is called a workbook in Openpyxl. We import the workbook module from Openpyxl and use the function Workbook() which creates a new workbook.
from openpyxl
import Workbook
#creates a new workbook
wb = Workbook()
#Gets the first active worksheet
ws = wb.active
#creating new worksheets by using the create_sheet method
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("sheet1", 0) #inserts at first position
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("sheet2") #inserts at last position
ws3 = wb.create_sheet("sheet3", -1) #inserts at penultimate position
#Renaming the sheet
ws.title = "Example"
#save the workbook
wb.save(filename = "example.xlsx")READING DATA FROM WORKBOOK
We load the file using the function load_Workbook() which takes the filename as an argument. The file must be saved in the same working directory.
#loading a workbook
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("example.xlsx")GETTING SHEETS FROM THE LOADED WORKBOOK
#getting sheet names
wb.sheetnames
result = ['sheet1', 'Sheet', 'sheet3', 'sheet2']
#getting a particular sheet
sheet1 = wb["sheet2"]
#getting sheet title
sheet1.title
result = 'sheet2'
#Getting the active sheet
sheetactive = wb.active
result = 'sheet1'ACCESSING CELLS AND CELL VALUES
#get a cell from the sheet
sheet1["A1"] <
Cell 'Sheet1'.A1 >
#get the cell value
ws["A1"].value 'Segment'
#accessing cell using row and column and assigning a value
d = ws.cell(row = 4, column = 2, value = 10)
d.value
10ITERATING THROUGH ROWS AND COLUMNS
#looping through each row and column
for x in range(1, 5):
for y in range(1, 5):
print(x, y, ws.cell(row = x, column = y)
.value)
#getting the highest row number
ws.max_row
701
#getting the highest column number
ws.max_column
19There are two functions for iterating through rows and columns.
Iter_rows() => returns the rows
Iter_cols() => returns the columns {
min_row = 4, max_row = 5, min_col = 2, max_col = 5
} => This can be used to set the boundaries
for any iteration.Example:
#iterating rows
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 3):
for cell in row:
print(cell) <
Cell 'Sheet1'.A2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.A3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C3 >
#iterating columns
for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 3):
for cell in col:
print(cell) <
Cell 'Sheet1'.A2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.A3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C3 >To get all the rows of the worksheet we use the method worksheet.rows and to get all the columns of the worksheet we use the method worksheet.columns. Similarly, to iterate only through the values we use the method worksheet.values.
Example:
for row in ws.values:
for value in row:
print(value)WRITING DATA TO AN EXCEL FILE
Writing to a workbook can be done in many ways such as adding a formula, adding charts, images, updating cell values, inserting rows and columns, etc⌠We will discuss each of these with an example.
CREATING AND SAVING A NEW WORKBOOK
#creates a new workbook
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
#saving the workbook
wb.save("new.xlsx")ADDING AND REMOVING SHEETS
#creating a new sheet
ws1 = wb.create_sheet(title = "sheet 2")
#creating a new sheet at index 0
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(index = 0, title = "sheet 0")
#checking the sheet names
wb.sheetnames['sheet 0', 'Sheet', 'sheet 2']
#deleting a sheet
del wb['sheet 0']
#checking sheetnames
wb.sheetnames['Sheet', 'sheet 2']ADDING CELL VALUES
#checking the sheet value
ws['B2'].value
null
#adding value to cell
ws['B2'] = 367
#checking value
ws['B2'].value
367ADDING FORMULAS
We often require formulas to be included in our Excel datasheet. We can easily add formulas using the Openpyxl module just like you add values to a cell.
For example:
import openpyxl
from openpyxl
import Workbook
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("new1.xlsx")
ws = wb['Sheet']
ws['A9'] = '=SUM(A2:A8)'
wb.save("new2.xlsx")The above program will add the formula (=SUM(A2:A8)) in cell A9. The result will be as below.
MERGE/UNMERGE CELLS
Two or more cells can be merged to a rectangular area using the method merge_cells(), and similarly, they can be unmerged using the method unmerge_cells().
For example:
Merge cells
#merge cells B2 to C9
ws.merge_cells('B2:C9')
ws['B2'] = "Merged cells"Adding the above code to the previous example will merge cells as below.
UNMERGE CELLS
#unmerge cells B2 to C9
ws.unmerge_cells('B2:C9')The above code will unmerge cells from B2 to C9.
INSERTING AN IMAGE
To insert an image we import the image function from the module openpyxl.drawing.image. We then load our image and add it to the cell as shown in the below example.
Example:
import openpyxl
from openpyxl
import Workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image
import Image
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("new1.xlsx")
ws = wb['Sheet']
#loading the image(should be in same folder)
img = Image('logo.png')
ws['A1'] = "Adding image"
#adjusting size
img.height = 130
img.width = 200
#adding img to cell A3
ws.add_image(img, 'A3')
wb.save("new2.xlsx")Result:
CREATING CHARTS
Charts are essential to show a visualization of data. We can create charts from Excel data using the Openpyxl module chart. Different forms of charts such as line charts, bar charts, 3D line charts, etc., can be created. We need to create a reference that contains the data to be used for the chart, which is nothing but a selection of cells (rows and columns). I am using sample data to create a 3D bar chart in the below example:
Example
import openpyxl
from openpyxl
import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart
import BarChart3D, Reference, series
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
values = Reference(ws, min_col = 3, min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 40)
chart = BarChart3D()
chart.add_data(values)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E3")
wb.save("MyChart.xlsx")Result
How to Automate Excel with Python with Video Tutorial
Welcome to another video! In this video, We will cover how we can use python to automate Excel. I'll be going over everything from creating workbooks to accessing individual cells and stylizing cells. There is a ton of things that you can do with Excel but I'll just be covering the core/base things in OpenPyXl.
âď¸ Timestamps âď¸
00:00 | Introduction
02:14 | Installing openpyxl
03:19 | Testing Installation
04:25 | Loading an Existing Workbook
06:46 | Accessing Worksheets
07:37 | Accessing Cell Values
08:58 | Saving Workbooks
09:52 | Creating, Listing and Changing Sheets
11:50 | Creating a New Workbook
12:39 | Adding/Appending Rows
14:26 | Accessing Multiple Cells
20:46 | Merging Cells
22:27 | Inserting and Deleting Rows
23:35 | Inserting and Deleting Columns
24:48 | Copying and Moving Cells
26:06 | Practical Example, Formulas & Cell Styling
đ Resources đ
OpenPyXL Docs: https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
Code Written in This Tutorial: https://github.com/techwithtim/ExcelPythonTutorial
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/c/TechWithTim/featured
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Start Your Gaming Action with peerless NFT Game Development Services
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NFT Marketplace Software Development Services 2021
NFT marketplace development
The NFT marketplace development is the current scenerio or trendsetter in the digital world. The value of Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has not dropped and is still significant and stable in the marketplace. The masssive increase in NFT token value has gained lot of users attraction to adopt this marketplace platform for its efficient features. Itâs perfect and best time for investors to consider this blockchain based investment platform since the crypto market for NFT marketplaces is trending in recent times.
An Opensea and rarible similar platform with all technical features and functionalities is developed and given by professional experts. Connect with a leading blockchain company to raise the business standards and compete with others in the marketplace.
Development steps of NFT Marketplace Platform like OpenSea
NFT Marketplace like OpenSea are highly considered to be best for buy, sell and trade across the world in recent times. This OpenSea Clone Script offers a lot of unique digital items for users to trade and benefit from it.
- The crypto users are attracted to this marketplace since they can tokenize their art, games, and real-world assets to Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) and get more income in less time.
- The main reason to select a marketplace like OpenSea is that it acts easily and quickly in transactions with less time and has more crypto value in the trade market.
- The NFT marketplace platform like OpenSea provides different digital collectibles like domain names, art, games, etc.
- An NFT marketplace like OpenSea always permits anyone to buy/sell NFTs.
- The built quality of this marketplace platform is highly scalable , flexible and comes customizable according to crypto users requirements.
- Opensea clone enables a multi-wallet payment gateway for the purchase of different NFTs & crypto digital tokens.
Creation of NFT Marketplace like Rarible
NFT Marketplace like Rarible are highly considered to be best NFT marketplace across the world in recent times. This OpenSea Clone Script offers a lot of unique digital items for users to trade and advantage from it. The NFT marketplace platform like Rarible has legal compliance in their whole functioning process and attractive crypto user interface (UI) to attract users towards this NFT marketplace platform.
NFT marketplace platform offers comprehensive service to buyers & sellers for developing this NFT marketplace well known worldwide.
An NFT marketplace platform like Rarible provides high-level security, fast transactions , immutability and fewer crypto transaction fees.
The creation of a marketplace platform or website like Rarible built using the latest blockchain technology stack software & highly skilled professional expertâs assistance.
The NFT marketplace website like Rarible is then tested under certain stages and made ready to start or launch for investors to skyrocket their desired business.
Investment towards a marketplace like Rarible has highly potential in cryptocurrency trading and a lot to provide cryptocurrency users since the token value is high volume for competing with others in the crypto based market.
Why BlockchainAppsdeveloper For NFT Marketplace Development?
BlockchainAppsDeveloper is the top leading NFT Marketplace Development Company, We offer ready-to-launch or start NFT Marketplace Development Services that help to build your own NFT Marketplace like Rarible, Opensea, Ghost market, etc.
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NFTs in Healthcare: Applications to Know
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are becoming popular due to their ability to provide ownership to unique assets. These blockchain-based coins have shown to be a profitable option for investors. The concept of NFTs is gaining traction in a variety of industries, including healthcare. Organizations are using NFT development to unleash the potential of NFTs in healthcare sectors.
The Potential of NFTs in Healthcare
NFTs are blockchain-based unique digital IDs. Digital collectibles and art NFTs currently dominate the NFT market. Their potential use cases continue to increase.
While the benefits of NFTs in the entertainment sector are easy to understand, organizations can use the same framework in the healthcare field. NFTs can convey information about your health, medications, and components of the human body like blood.
Explore | Emerging NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) Use Cases Beyond the Hype
Research and Clinical Assessment with Patients
People often lack awareness regarding clinical trials or biomedical research studies. These trials are crucial for the drug development process as they serve as benchmarks for the safety and efficacy of new medicines.
For Big Pharma, this is not a viable option. But NFTs can make it possible for smaller groups of people to support this kind of research. They can create an entirely new pathway for advancements in several study sectors.
Also, Visit | How Decentralized Science (DeSci) can Transform Modern Science
Reform the Blood Bank Supply Chain
The lack of transparency and visibility across the healthcare supply chain makes it difficult to manage. NFT implementation in the healthcare supply chain can help in resolving these issues.
The blood is then registered in a virtual âblood bankâ by its NFT. Here, the requirement for different blood kinds may be tracked using a blockchain system and delivered to the areas where it is most needed.
Check It Out | NFT Integration for Remodelling Supply Chain Processes
Data Security
Patients typically do not have access to their digital health records. Furthermore, in todayâs society, health data is a significant asset. It is used by businesses for marketing and commercialization.
Suggested Read | Blockchain in Healthcare Data Management | Impact, Benefits, and Use Cases
Conclusion
- Given these benefits, itâs reasonable to say that NFTs arenât just for artistic expression or slam dunks from your favorite NBA star. The above applications can transform the way the healthcare industry works.
- If you are interested in NFT development for healthcare, then our blockchain developers can assist you. Contact us to get started.
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Read the complete Blog here -> NFTs in Healthcare: Applications to Know
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