Top 5 Java Test Frameworks for Automation in 2019

Check out this post to learn more about the top Java test frameworks for automation testing.

For decades, Java has been the most preferred programming language for developing the server side layer of an application. Although JUnit has been there with the developers for helping them in automated unit testing, with time and the evolution of testing, when automation testing is currently on the rise, many open-source frameworks have been developed that are based on Java and varying a lot from JUnit in terms of validation and business logic. Here, I will be talking about the top five Java test frameworks of 2019 for performing test automation with Selenium WebDriver and Java. I will also highlight what is unique about these top Java test frameworks.

JUnit

Kent Beck and Erich Gamma developer JUnit, which is an instance of xUnit. The main purpose behind it was to enable Java developers for scripting and executing repeatable test cases. It is usually used to test small chunks of code. You can also perform automation testing of a website by integrating JUnit with Selenium WebDriver for Java test automation. Whenever any new piece of code is added, you will be required to re-execute the entire test cases and make sure that there is no breakage.

What Are the Prerequisites?

The framework is highly compatible with Selenium WebDriver for Java, with the reason being that JUnit is a framework based on Java. As some prerequisites, you will need to:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Using JUnit?

There are several advantages to JUnit.

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

The only disadvantage of JUnit is:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Is JUnit the Top Java Test Framework for You?

Both JUnit, as well as TestNG, perform the same job. And their features are almost the same, except dependency tests are not performed using JUnit and the implementation procedure of parameterized test is different in both the frameworks. Also, since JUnit is being used for a long time, there is better community support and it has been defined as the standard for unit testing using Selenium WebDriver for Java-based applications. Although TestNG has few users, the community is pretty huge and growing every day. So, we can conclude that the selection between TestNG or JUnit for a Java test framework depends entirely upon the application’s nature and requirement.

If you wish to get started with JUnit as your Java test framework, here is a step-by-step process of performing automated testing with JUnit and Selenium for browser compatibility.

JBehave

We all know about Behavior Driven Development or BDD. It is the type of testing that describes acceptance testing in a transparent manner to the business users. JBehave is another Java test framework used for BDD testing, mostly used with Selenium WebDriver for Java. The primary objective behind the introduction of JBehave is to make it possible for newcomers to easily understand and get familiar with BDD. It is kind of a design philosophy that makes the testing phase of an application more based on its behavior.

What Are the Prerequisites?

The ideal way to use JBehave is by integrating with Eclipse. For that, apart from JDK1.7 and above and any Eclipse IDE above Indigo, you will need several jar files like:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Advantages and Disadvantages of JBehave

Like all other BDD testing frameworks, JBehave is also advantageous in many ways.

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Well, there is only one disadvantage of JBehave just like any other BDD testing tool.

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Is JBehave The Top Java Test Framework For You?

JBehave works the same way as Serenity. However, if you are aiming to make your automated acceptance tests more efficient, it is ideal to integrate Serenity along with JBehave for utilizing a better testing experience. This is because Serenity’s core concept is based on BDD development and it also enables the users to write a powerful and rich test report. We’ll discuss more on it in the following section.

Serenity

Serenity is an open-source library meant for behavior-driven testing. The framework helps you to write acceptance criteria, which are well-structured and more maintained. It extends the functionality of JUnit and WebDriver. Initially, it was known as Thucydides. The reason behind its name change was nothing but the difficulty in pronunciation. Still, the old name can be used while referring.

What Are the Prerequisites for Installing Serenity?

Since the framework is Java-based, you will obviously need knowledge and experience in Java or any other object-oriented programming language. Apart from that, in your workstation, you will need:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Serenity

Let’s take a look at the advantages of Serenity brought into the world of behavior driven development.

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

The only disadvantage of Serenity is just like JBehave. Constant communication between the project participants is required in order to utilize its complete feature of supporting a behavior driven development.

Is Serenity the Best Java Test Framework for You?

The tool is mainly used for reporting acceptance criteria. However, the reports written using Serenity are much informative and rich than JBehave or any other BDD framework. It also helps developers to write automation test case scenarios of better quality and also provides support for RestAssured and Selenium WebDriver, making it faster and simpler for the tester to write automation based acceptance test criteria.

TestNG

Cedric Beust created TestNG, which is an open-source, Java-based automation testing framework inspired by JUnit. However, it is much more powerful. The NG means Next Generation in TestNG. The framework is designed to perform in a better manner during integration. The framework helps developers with features like sequencing, grouping, and parameterizing, thereby making the new test cases more flexible and eliminating the drawbacks of frameworks used earlier.

Prerequisites for Installing TestNG

For installing TestNG, you will need:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Advantages and Disadvantages of TestNG

Apart from overcoming the drawbacks of older frameworks, there are several advantages of TestNG.

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

The only disadvantage is:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Is TestNG the Best Java Test Framework for You?

Although JUnit performs all the same functionalities as TestNG, it has certainly has its limitations. JUnit is perfect when testing is done in isolation. But when there are dependencies; you will not have any control over which test is executed first. TestNG helps you by allowing you to run the test cases in any order you want. Besides, it also helps in parameterized testing. Although this feature is already present in JUnit 4.5, TestNG is much more effective. If your project is complicated and you may need more than a hundred test cases, it is ideal to take some time and set up TestNG instead of depending on JUnit.

If you are new to TestNG, then here is a complete guide for running your first TestNG automation script for performing automated cross-browser testing using Selenium WebDriver with Java.

Selenide

Powered by Selenium, Selenide is a popular tool for writing stable, precise, and expressive UI test cases for a Java application. Testing of modern web technologies like Ajax has certain complications like a timeout. WebDriver is the popular tool for UI tests, yet it lacked the feature to deal with a timeout. Selenide deals with all these problems in a simple manner. Also, it’s easier to grab and learn. You don’t need any requirement for Google and search for tutorials. All you need to do is focus on the business logic, and in just a few simple lines of codes, your job will be done.

What Are the Prerequisites for Using Selenide?

Installation of Selenide is as simple as it can be. If you are using Maven, you will need to add the following lines in your pom.xml file.

<dependency>     
<groupId>com.codeborne</groupId>     
<artifactId>selenide</artifactId>     
<version>5.1.0</version>     
<scope>test</scope> 
</dependency>

If you are using Ivy in the ivy.xml file, you will need to add:

<ivy-module>   
<dependencies>     
<dependency org="com.codeborne" name="selenide" rev="5.1.0"/>   
</dependencies> 
</ivy-module>

And just like that, the framework is ready for you to start testing.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Selenide?

In the front-end layer of an application, where Java is used on the server side, the most common problem faced by a tester is timeouts. The test cases which you wrote may work fine at present, but after a few days, maybe some Ajax request will take up some more time than it does now or some JavaScript will run slower. Also, your system may run another process at the same time, resulting in the failure of your test case. What’s more unfortunate, you may spend days finding out the source of those problems. Selenide helps you by:

Have the latest version of JDK installed in your workstation.
Download the latest version of JUnit and set up the environment.
Have a good knowledge of application development in an object-oriented programming language, especially Java.

Until now, we have not found any notable disadvantage of using Selenide. Let us know if you have found any limitations that may impact your work.

Is Selenide the Best Java Test Framework for You?

For UI testing, there is no better Java-based framework apart from Selenium WebDriver, the parent framework of Selenide. Obviously, WebDriver cannot solve problems caused by Ajax Timeout or slow running JavaScript or any Dynamic Content that takes time to load. To overcome problems, we previously used “ wait_until” or “ sleep” methods in our test cases. With Selenide, we don’t need to think about those problems anymore. Just focus on the business logic and the test cases will work fine in serving their purpose.

If you plan to opt Selenide as your Java test framework for automation testing, then here is a guide to help you run Selenium automation tests using Selenide, IntelliJ, and Maven.

In the current Agile age, developers are also required to get involved in testing. Knowledge and knowing the importance of testing is what separates professional Java developers from amateurs. It is not necessary that you should be an expert, but at least you should have the basic knowledge to write test cases that can automatically validate your code. In this article, we have gone through five tools which are preferred by developers worldwide for UI testing, unit testing, and BDD testing of an application. Based on the comparison, we can conclude that if you are sincere in your job and want to become an expert developer as well as a tester, the tools mentioned above are something on which you will find useful in your daily assignments.

#java #testing

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Top 5 Java Test Frameworks for Automation in 2019

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Robot Framework

Robot Framework is a generic open-source automation framework. It can be used for test automation and robotic process automation (RPA).

Robot Framework is open and extensible and can be integrated with virtually any other tool to create powerful and flexible automation solutions. Being open-source also means that Robot Framework is free to use without licensing costs.

The RoboFramework is a framework** to write test cases and automation processes.** It means that it may replace** your classic combo Selenium + Cucumber + Gherkins**. To be more precise, the Cucumber Gherkins custom implementation you wrote will be handled by RoboFramework and Selenium invoked below.

For the Java developers, this framework can be executed with Maven or Gradle (but less mature for the latter solution).

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OpenJDk or Open Java Development Kit is a free, open-source framework of the Java Platform, Standard Edition (or Java SE). It contains the virtual machine, the Java Class Library, and the Java compiler. The difference between the Oracle OpenJDK and Oracle JDK is that OpenJDK is a source code reference point for the open-source model. Simultaneously, the Oracle JDK is a continuation or advanced model of the OpenJDK, which is not open source and requires a license to use.

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We are moving toward a future where everything is going to be autonomous, fast, and highly efficient. To match the pace of this fast-moving ecosystem, application delivery times will have to be accelerated, but not at the cost of quality. Achieving quality at speed is imperative and therefore quality assurance gets a lot of attention. To fulfill the demands for exceptional quality and faster time to market, automation testing will assume priority. It is becoming necessary for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to automate their testing processes. But the most crucial aspect is to choose the right test automation framework. So let’s understand what a test automation framework is.

What Is a Test Automation Framework?

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The advantages can be in different forms like the ease of scripting, scalability, modularity, understandability, process definition, re-usability, cost, maintenance, etc. Thus, to be able to grab these benefits, developers are advised to use one or more of the Test Automation Framework. Moreover, the need for a single and standard Test Automation Framework arises when you have a bunch of developers working on the different modules of the same application and when we want to avoid situations where each of the developers implements his/her approach towards automation. So let’s have a look at different types of test automation frameworks.

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Types of Test Automation Frameworks:

Module Based Testing Framework
Library Architecture Testing Framework
Data-Driven Testing Framework
Keyword Driven Testing Framework
Hybrid Testing Framework
Behavior Driven Development Framework

Benefits of a Test Automation Framework

Apart from the minimal manual intervention required in automation testing, there are many advantages of using a test automation framework. Some of them are listed below:

Faster time-to-market: Using a good test automation framework helps reduce the time-to-market of an application by allowing constant execution of test cases. Once automated, the test library execution is faster and runs longer than manual testing.
Earlier detection of defects: The documentation of software defects becomes considerably easier for the testing teams. It increases the overall development speed while ensuring correct functionality across areas. The earlier a defect is identified, the more cost-effective it is to resolve the issue.
Improved Testing efficiency: Testing takes up a significant portion of the overall development lifecycle. Even the slightest improvement of the overall efficiency can make an enormous difference to the entire timeframe of the project. Although the setup time takes longer initially, automated tests eventually take up a significantly lesser amount of time. They can be run virtually unattended, leaving the results to be monitored toward the end of the process.
Better ROI: while the initial investment may be on the higher side, automated testing saves organizations many a lot of money. This is due to the drop in the amount of time required to run tests, which leads to a higher quality of work. This in turn decreases the necessity for fixing glitches after release, thereby reducing project costs.
Higher test coverage: In test automation, a higher number of tests can be executed about an application. This leads to higher test coverage, which is a manual testing approach that would imply a massive team, limited heavily with their amount of time. An increased test coverage leads to testing more features and a better quality of the application.
Reusability of automated tests: The repetitive nature of test cases in test automation helps software developers to assess program reaction, in addition to the relatively easy configuration of their setup. Automated test cases can be utilized through different approaches as they are reusable.

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Java frameworks are essentially blocks of pre-written code, to which a programmer may add his code to solve specific problems. Several Java frameworks exist, all of which have their pros and cons. All of them can be used to solve problems in a variety of fields and domains. Java frameworks reduce the amount of coding from scratch that programmers have to do to come up with a solution.

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