1645681664
Issue
"Quality is always more important than quantity." We have all heard this phrase before. Quality is a crucial component of everything. In terms of quality in educational development, you must deliver quality content instead of quantity. Students in college purchase many books based on the quality of the content. Some books meet the standard while others do not. A quality check services provider is an important part of creating content. Checking the substance includes determining linguistic and accentuation errors, recognizing literary errors and reassessing current circumstances.
Types of content quality check services
To meet the requirements of our customers and clients, we adhere to all guidelines and rundowns provided by them.
Professional proofreading services
Editors from our team will correct syntactic and accentuation errors and analyze content for precise, setting-specific information. The essential motive behind our group of editors is to determine the validity of the content, the structure, the exactness of the sentence construction, the check for literary errors, and to evaluate the quality of the composed content. Apart from that, our editing experts require the editors to use different hotspots to verify the authenticity of the referred-to material in the copy. The content delivered should be verifiable, believable, and credible.
Editors from our team will
Analyses of digital books
As part of our quality check services, we analyze content, similarity, and design, as well as the device's interface. Our team of experts, analysts, and QA evaluators work together to make sure content is appropriate, real, and easy to understand. A quality check is conducted strictly based on certain quality parameters for advanced education. Verify that the pages of the digital-book remain informative and compatible with various gadgets.
Testing of digital books
We test content, similarity, and design based on devices and interfaces using our eBook testing services. Our company has a team of capable investigators, researchers, and quality assurance analysts who apply imperative changes to our content to make it suitable, authentic, and easy to understand. Quality check services are performed based on specific quality standards. Our responsibility is to ensure that the pages of our digital book remain consistent to all around coordinated across multiple devices.
Checking facts online
Fact-checking is a strategy that incorporates pure substance and accurate information. We are fortunate to differentiate the strength of the realities used in a given content. Our organization can archive danger areas and remediate them after being assessed. We ensure the content is clear and call attention to genuine errors through our reality checking. We rely on essential and optional assets to ensure the accuracy of the content.
Conclusions
Initially, we interpret the needs of our clients; at that point, we outline the necessary efforts. In addition, we review the content for accuracy of data and language, and we rephrase it to ensure that it is not difficult to understand and is free of grammatical errors. Finally, we recommend that the formulators receive useful criticism.
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The era of mobile app development has completely changed the scenario for businesses in regions like Abu Dhabi. Restaurants and food delivery businesses are experiencing huge benefits via smart business applications. The invention and development of the food ordering app have helped all-scale businesses reach new customers and boost sales and profit.
As a result, many business owners are searching for the best restaurant mobile app development company in Abu Dhabi. If you are also searching for the same, this article is helpful for you. It will let you know the step-by-step process to hire the right team of restaurant mobile app developers.
Searching for the top mobile app development company in Abu Dhabi? Don't know the best way to search for professionals? Don't panic! Here is the step-by-step process to hire the best professionals.
#Step 1 – Know the Company's Culture
Knowing the organization's culture is very crucial before finalizing a food ordering app development company in Abu Dhabi. An organization's personality is shaped by its common beliefs, goals, practices, or company culture. So, digging into the company culture reveals the core beliefs of the organization, its objectives, and its development team.
Now, you might be wondering, how will you identify the company's culture? Well, you can take reference from the following sources –
#Step 2 - Refer to Clients' Reviews
Another best way to choose the On-demand app development firm for your restaurant business is to refer to the clients' reviews. Reviews are frequently available on the organization's website with a tag of "Reviews" or "Testimonials." It's important to read the reviews as they will help you determine how happy customers are with the company's app development process.
You can also assess a company's abilities through reviews and customer testimonials. They can let you know if the mobile app developers create a valuable app or not.
#Step 3 – Analyze the App Development Process
Regardless of the company's size or scope, adhering to the restaurant delivery app development process will ensure the success of your business application. Knowing the processes an app developer follows in designing and producing a top-notch app will help you know the working process. Organizations follow different app development approaches, so getting well-versed in the process is essential before finalizing any mobile app development company.
#Step 4 – Consider Previous Experience
Besides considering other factors, considering the previous experience of the developers is a must. You can obtain a broad sense of the developer's capacity to assist you in creating a unique mobile application for a restaurant business.
You can also find out if the developers' have contributed to the creation of other successful applications or not. It will help you know the working capacity of a particular developer or organization. Prior experience is essential to evaluating their work. For instance, whether they haven't previously produced an app similar to yours or not.
#Step 5 – Check for Their Technical Support
As you expect a working and successful restaurant mobile app for your business, checking on this factor is a must. A well-established organization is nothing without a good technical support team. So, ensure whatever restaurant mobile app development company you choose they must be well-equipped with a team of dedicated developers, designers, and testers.
Strong tech support from your mobile app developers will help you identify new bugs and fix them bugs on time. All this will ensure the application's success.
#Step 6 – Analyze Design Standards
Besides focusing on an organization's development, testing, and technical support, you should check the design standards. An appealing design is crucial in attracting new users and keeping the existing ones stick to your services. So, spend some time analyzing the design standards of an organization. Now, you might be wondering, how will you do it? Simple! By looking at the organization's portfolio.
Whether hiring an iPhone app development company or any other, these steps apply to all. So, don't miss these steps.
#Step 7 – Know Their Location
Finally, the last yet very crucial factor that will not only help you finalize the right person for your restaurant mobile app development but will also decide the mobile app development cost. So, you have to choose the location of the developers wisely, as it is a crucial factor in defining the cost.
Summing Up!!!
Restaurant mobile applications have taken the food industry to heights none have ever considered. As a result, the demand for restaurant mobile app development companies has risen greatly, which is why businesses find it difficult to finalize the right person. But, we hope that after referring to this article, it will now be easier to hire dedicated developers under the desired budget. So, begin the hiring process now and get a well-craft food ordering app in hand.
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This Matplotlib cheat sheet introduces you to the basics that you need to plot your data with Python and includes code samples.
Data visualization and storytelling with your data are essential skills that every data scientist needs to communicate insights gained from analyses effectively to any audience out there.
For most beginners, the first package that they use to get in touch with data visualization and storytelling is, naturally, Matplotlib: it is a Python 2D plotting library that enables users to make publication-quality figures. But, what might be even more convincing is the fact that other packages, such as Pandas, intend to build more plotting integration with Matplotlib as time goes on.
However, what might slow down beginners is the fact that this package is pretty extensive. There is so much that you can do with it and it might be hard to still keep a structure when you're learning how to work with Matplotlib.
DataCamp has created a Matplotlib cheat sheet for those who might already know how to use the package to their advantage to make beautiful plots in Python, but that still want to keep a one-page reference handy. Of course, for those who don't know how to work with Matplotlib, this might be the extra push be convinced and to finally get started with data visualization in Python.
You'll see that this cheat sheet presents you with the six basic steps that you can go through to make beautiful plots.
Check out the infographic by clicking on the button below:
With this handy reference, you'll familiarize yourself in no time with the basics of Matplotlib: you'll learn how you can prepare your data, create a new plot, use some basic plotting routines to your advantage, add customizations to your plots, and save, show and close the plots that you make.
What might have looked difficult before will definitely be more clear once you start using this cheat sheet! Use it in combination with the Matplotlib Gallery, the documentation.
Matplotlib
Matplotlib is a Python 2D plotting library which produces publication-quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms.
>>> import numpy as np
>>> x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)
>>> y = np.cos(x)
>>> z = np.sin(x)
>>> data = 2 * np.random.random((10, 10))
>>> data2 = 3 * np.random.random((10, 10))
>>> Y, X = np.mgrid[-3:3:100j, -3:3:100j]
>>> U = 1 X** 2 + Y
>>> V = 1 + X Y**2
>>> from matplotlib.cbook import get_sample_data
>>> img = np.load(get_sample_data('axes_grid/bivariate_normal.npy'))
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> fig = plt.figure()
>>> fig2 = plt.figure(figsize=plt.figaspect(2.0))
>>> fig.add_axes()
>>> ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221) #row-col-num
>>> ax3 = fig.add_subplot(212)
>>> fig3, axes = plt.subplots(nrows=2,ncols=2)
>>> fig4, axes2 = plt.subplots(ncols=3)
>>> plt.savefig('foo.png') #Save figures
>>> plt.savefig('foo.png', transparent=True) #Save transparent figures
>>> plt.show()
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> lines = ax.plot(x,y) #Draw points with lines or markers connecting them
>>> ax.scatter(x,y) #Draw unconnected points, scaled or colored
>>> axes[0,0].bar([1,2,3],[3,4,5]) #Plot vertical rectangles (constant width)
>>> axes[1,0].barh([0.5,1,2.5],[0,1,2]) #Plot horiontal rectangles (constant height)
>>> axes[1,1].axhline(0.45) #Draw a horizontal line across axes
>>> axes[0,1].axvline(0.65) #Draw a vertical line across axes
>>> ax.fill(x,y,color='blue') #Draw filled polygons
>>> ax.fill_between(x,y,color='yellow') #Fill between y values and 0
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> im = ax.imshow(img, #Colormapped or RGB arrays
cmap= 'gist_earth',
interpolation= 'nearest',
vmin=-2,
vmax=2)
>>> axes2[0].pcolor(data2) #Pseudocolor plot of 2D array
>>> axes2[0].pcolormesh(data) #Pseudocolor plot of 2D array
>>> CS = plt.contour(Y,X,U) #Plot contours
>>> axes2[2].contourf(data1) #Plot filled contours
>>> axes2[2]= ax.clabel(CS) #Label a contour plot
>>> axes[0,1].arrow(0,0,0.5,0.5) #Add an arrow to the axes
>>> axes[1,1].quiver(y,z) #Plot a 2D field of arrows
>>> axes[0,1].streamplot(X,Y,U,V) #Plot a 2D field of arrows
>>> ax1.hist(y) #Plot a histogram
>>> ax3.boxplot(y) #Make a box and whisker plot
>>> ax3.violinplot(z) #Make a violin plot
y-axis
x-axis
The basic steps to creating plots with matplotlib are:
1 Prepare Data
2 Create Plot
3 Plot
4 Customized Plot
5 Save Plot
6 Show Plot
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
>>> x = [1,2,3,4] #Step 1
>>> y = [10,20,25,30]
>>> fig = plt.figure() #Step 2
>>> ax = fig.add_subplot(111) #Step 3
>>> ax.plot(x, y, color= 'lightblue', linewidth=3) #Step 3, 4
>>> ax.scatter([2,4,6],
[5,15,25],
color= 'darkgreen',
marker= '^' )
>>> ax.set_xlim(1, 6.5)
>>> plt.savefig('foo.png' ) #Step 5
>>> plt.show() #Step 6
>>> plt.cla() #Clear an axis
>>> plt.clf(). #Clear the entire figure
>>> plt.close(). #Close a window
>>> plt.plot(x, x, x, x**2, x, x** 3)
>>> ax.plot(x, y, alpha = 0.4)
>>> ax.plot(x, y, c= 'k')
>>> fig.colorbar(im, orientation= 'horizontal')
>>> im = ax.imshow(img,
cmap= 'seismic' )
>>> fig, ax = plt.subplots()
>>> ax.scatter(x,y,marker= ".")
>>> ax.plot(x,y,marker= "o")
>>> plt.plot(x,y,linewidth=4.0)
>>> plt.plot(x,y,ls= 'solid')
>>> plt.plot(x,y,ls= '--')
>>> plt.plot(x,y,'--' ,x**2,y**2,'-.' )
>>> plt.setp(lines,color= 'r',linewidth=4.0)
>>> ax.text(1,
-2.1,
'Example Graph',
style= 'italic' )
>>> ax.annotate("Sine",
xy=(8, 0),
xycoords= 'data',
xytext=(10.5, 0),
textcoords= 'data',
arrowprops=dict(arrowstyle= "->",
connectionstyle="arc3"),)
>>> plt.title(r '$sigma_i=15$', fontsize=20)
Limits & Autoscaling
>>> ax.margins(x=0.0,y=0.1) #Add padding to a plot
>>> ax.axis('equal') #Set the aspect ratio of the plot to 1
>>> ax.set(xlim=[0,10.5],ylim=[-1.5,1.5]) #Set limits for x-and y-axis
>>> ax.set_xlim(0,10.5) #Set limits for x-axis
Legends
>>> ax.set(title= 'An Example Axes', #Set a title and x-and y-axis labels
ylabel= 'Y-Axis',
xlabel= 'X-Axis')
>>> ax.legend(loc= 'best') #No overlapping plot elements
Ticks
>>> ax.xaxis.set(ticks=range(1,5), #Manually set x-ticks
ticklabels=[3,100, 12,"foo" ])
>>> ax.tick_params(axis= 'y', #Make y-ticks longer and go in and out
direction= 'inout',
length=10)
Subplot Spacing
>>> fig3.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.5, #Adjust the spacing between subplots
hspace=0.3,
left=0.125,
right=0.9,
top=0.9,
bottom=0.1)
>>> fig.tight_layout() #Fit subplot(s) in to the figure area
Axis Spines
>>> ax1.spines[ 'top'].set_visible(False) #Make the top axis line for a plot invisible
>>> ax1.spines['bottom' ].set_position(( 'outward',10)) #Move the bottom axis line outward
Have this Cheat Sheet at your fingertips
Original article source at https://www.datacamp.com
#matplotlib #cheatsheet #python
1653464648
A handy cheat sheet for interactive plotting and statistical charts with Bokeh.
Bokeh distinguishes itself from other Python visualization libraries such as Matplotlib or Seaborn in the fact that it is an interactive visualization library that is ideal for anyone who would like to quickly and easily create interactive plots, dashboards, and data applications.
Bokeh is also known for enabling high-performance visual presentation of large data sets in modern web browsers.
For data scientists, Bokeh is the ideal tool to build statistical charts quickly and easily; But there are also other advantages, such as the various output options and the fact that you can embed your visualizations in applications. And let's not forget that the wide variety of visualization customization options makes this Python library an indispensable tool for your data science toolbox.
Now, DataCamp has created a Bokeh cheat sheet for those who have already taken the course and that still want a handy one-page reference or for those who need an extra push to get started.
In short, you'll see that this cheat sheet not only presents you with the five steps that you can go through to make beautiful plots but will also introduce you to the basics of statistical charts.
In no time, this Bokeh cheat sheet will make you familiar with how you can prepare your data, create a new plot, add renderers for your data with custom visualizations, output your plot and save or show it. And the creation of basic statistical charts will hold no secrets for you any longer.
Boost your Python data visualizations now with the help of Bokeh! :)
The Python interactive visualization library Bokeh enables high-performance visual presentation of large datasets in modern web browsers.
Bokeh's mid-level general-purpose bokeh. plotting interface is centered around two main components: data and glyphs.
The basic steps to creating plots with the bokeh. plotting interface are:
>>> from bokeh.plotting import figure
>>> from bokeh.io import output_file, show
>>> x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] #Step 1
>>> y = [6, 7, 2, 4, 5]
>>> p = figure(title="simple line example", #Step 2
x_axis_label='x',
y_axis_label='y')
>>> p.line(x, y, legend="Temp.", line_width=2) #Step 3
>>> output_file("lines.html") #Step 4
>>> show(p) #Step 5
Under the hood, your data is converted to Column Data Sources. You can also do this manually:
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import pandas as pd
>>> df = pd.OataFrame(np.array([[33.9,4,65, 'US'], [32.4, 4, 66, 'Asia'], [21.4, 4, 109, 'Europe']]),
columns= ['mpg', 'cyl', 'hp', 'origin'],
index=['Toyota', 'Fiat', 'Volvo'])
>>> from bokeh.models import ColumnOataSource
>>> cds_df = ColumnOataSource(df)
>>> from bokeh.plotting import figure
>>>p1= figure(plot_width=300, tools='pan,box_zoom')
>>> p2 = figure(plot_width=300, plot_height=300,
x_range=(0, 8), y_range=(0, 8))
>>> p3 = figure()
Scatter Markers
>>> p1.circle(np.array([1,2,3]), np.array([3,2,1]), fill_color='white')
>>> p2.square(np.array([1.5,3.5,5.5]), [1,4,3],
color='blue', size=1)
Line Glyphs
>>> pl.line([1,2,3,4], [3,4,5,6], line_width=2)
>>> p2.multi_line(pd.DataFrame([[1,2,3],[5,6,7]]),
pd.DataFrame([[3,4,5],[3,2,1]]),
color="blue")
Selection and Non-Selection Glyphs
>>> p = figure(tools='box_select')
>>> p. circle ('mpg', 'cyl', source=cds_df,
selection_color='red',
nonselection_alpha=0.1)
Hover Glyphs
>>> from bokeh.models import HoverTool
>>>hover= HoverTool(tooltips=None, mode='vline')
>>> p3.add_tools(hover)
Color Mapping
>>> from bokeh.models import CategoricalColorMapper
>>> color_mapper = CategoricalColorMapper(
factors= ['US', 'Asia', 'Europe'],
palette= ['blue', 'red', 'green'])
>>> p3. circle ('mpg', 'cyl', source=cds_df,
color=dict(field='origin',
transform=color_mapper), legend='Origin')
>>> from bokeh.io import output_notebook, show
>>> output_notebook()
Standalone HTML
>>> from bokeh.embed import file_html
>>> from bokeh.resources import CON
>>> html = file_html(p, CON, "my_plot")
>>> from bokeh.io import output_file, show
>>> output_file('my_bar_chart.html', mode='cdn')
Components
>>> from bokeh.embed import components
>>> script, div= components(p)
>>> from bokeh.io import export_png
>>> export_png(p, filename="plot.png")
>>> from bokeh.io import export_svgs
>>> p. output_backend = "svg"
>>> export_svgs(p,filename="plot.svg")
Inside Plot Area
>>> p.legend.location = 'bottom left'
Outside Plot Area
>>> from bokeh.models import Legend
>>> r1 = p2.asterisk(np.array([1,2,3]), np.array([3,2,1])
>>> r2 = p2.line([1,2,3,4], [3,4,5,6])
>>> legend = Legend(items=[("One" ,[p1, r1]),("Two",[r2])], location=(0, -30))
>>> p.add_layout(legend, 'right')
>>> p.legend. border_line_color = "navy"
>>> p.legend.background_fill_color = "white"
>>> p.legend.orientation = "horizontal"
>>> p.legend.orientation = "vertical"
Rows
>>> from bokeh.layouts import row
>>>layout= row(p1,p2,p3)
Columns
>>> from bokeh.layouts import columns
>>>layout= column(p1,p2,p3)
Nesting Rows & Columns
>>>layout= row(column(p1,p2), p3)
>>> from bokeh.layouts import gridplot
>>> rowl = [p1,p2]
>>> row2 = [p3]
>>> layout = gridplot([[p1, p2],[p3]])
>>> from bokeh.models.widgets import Panel, Tabs
>>> tab1 = Panel(child=p1, title="tab1")
>>> tab2 = Panel(child=p2, title="tab2")
>>> layout = Tabs(tabs=[tab1, tab2])
Linked Axes
Linked Axes
>>> p2.x_range = p1.x_range
>>> p2.y_range = p1.y_range
Linked Brushing
>>> p4 = figure(plot_width = 100, tools='box_select,lasso_select')
>>> p4.circle('mpg', 'cyl' , source=cds_df)
>>> p5 = figure(plot_width = 200, tools='box_select,lasso_select')
>>> p5.circle('mpg', 'hp', source=cds df)
>>>layout= row(p4,p5)
>>> show(p1)
>>> show(layout)
>>> save(p1)
Have this Cheat Sheet at your fingertips
Original article source at https://www.datacamp.com
#python #datavisualization #bokeh #cheatsheet
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In this digital world, online businesses aspire to catch the attention of users in a modern and smarter way. To achieve it, they need to traverse through new approaches. Here comes to spotlight is the user-generated content or UGC.
What is user-generated content?
“ It is the content by users for users.”
Generally, the UGC is the unbiased content created and published by the brand users, social media followers, fans, and influencers that highlight their experiences with the products or services. User-generated content has superseded other marketing trends and fallen into the advertising feeds of brands. Today, more than 86 percent of companies use user-generated content as part of their marketing strategy.
In this article, we have explained the ten best ideas to create wonderful user-generated content for your brand. Let’s start without any further ado.
Generally, social media platforms help the brand to generate content for your users. Any user content that promotes your brand on the social media platform is the user-generated content for your business. When users create and share content on social media, they get 28% higher engagement than a standard company post.
Furthermore, you can embed your social media feed on your website also. you can use the Social Stream Designer WordPress plugin that will integrate various social media feeds from different social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and many more. With this plugin, you can create a responsive wall on your WordPress website or blog in a few minutes. In addition to this, the plugin also provides more than 40 customization options to make your social stream feeds more attractive.
In general, surveys can be used to figure out attitudes, reactions, to evaluate customer satisfaction, estimate their opinions about different problems. Another benefit of customer surveys is that collecting outcomes can be quick. Within a few minutes, you can design and load a customer feedback survey and send it to your customers for their response. From the customer survey data, you can find your strengths, weaknesses, and get the right way to improve them to gain more customers.
Additionally, it is the best way to convert your brand leads to valuable customers. The key to running a successful contest is to make sure that the reward is fair enough to motivate your participation. If the product is relevant to your participant, then chances are they were looking for it in the first place, and giving it to them for free just made you move forward ahead of your competitors. They will most likely purchase more if your product or service satisfies them.
Furthermore, running contests also improve the customer-brand relationship and allows more people to participate in it. It will drive a real result for your online business. If your WordPress website has Google Analytics, then track contest page visits, referral traffic, other website traffic, and many more.
The business reviews help your consumers to make a buying decision without any hurdle. While you may decide to remove all the negative reviews about your business, those are still valuable user-generated content that provides honest opinions from real users. Customer feedback can help you with what needs to be improved with your products or services. This thing is not only beneficial to the next customer but your business as a whole.
Reviews are powerful as the platform they are built upon. That is the reason it is important to gather reviews from third-party review websites like Google review, Facebook review, and many more, or direct reviews on a website. It is the most vital form of feedback that can help brands grow globally and motivate audience interactions.
However, you can also invite your customers to share their unique or successful testimonials. It is a great way to display your products while inspiring others to purchase from your website.
Moreover, Instagram videos create around 3x more comments rather than Instagram photo posts. Instagram videos generally include short videos posted by real customers on Instagram with the tag of a particular brand. Brands can repost the stories as user-generated content to engage more audiences and create valid promotions on social media.
Similarly, imagine you are browsing a YouTube channel, and you look at a brand being supported by some authentic customers through a small video. So, it will catch your attention. With the videos, they can tell you about the branded products, especially the unboxing videos displaying all the inside products and how well it works for them. That type of video is enough to create a sense of desire in the consumers.
#how to get more user generated content #importance of user generated content #user generated content #user generated content advantages #user generated content best practices #user generated content pros and cons
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In this article, We will show how we can use python to automate Excel . A useful Python library is Openpyxl which we will learn to do Excel Automation
Openpyxl is a Python library that is used to read from an Excel file or write to an Excel file. Data scientists use Openpyxl for data analysis, data copying, data mining, drawing charts, styling sheets, adding formulas, and more.
Workbook: A spreadsheet is represented as a workbook in openpyxl. A workbook consists of one or more sheets.
Sheet: A sheet is a single page composed of cells for organizing data.
Cell: The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell. Usually represented by A1, B5, etc.
Row: A row is a horizontal line represented by a number (1,2, etc.).
Column: A column is a vertical line represented by a capital letter (A, B, etc.).
Openpyxl can be installed using the pip command and it is recommended to install it in a virtual environment.
pip install openpyxl
We start by creating a new spreadsheet, which is called a workbook in Openpyxl. We import the workbook module from Openpyxl and use the function Workbook()
which creates a new workbook.
from openpyxl
import Workbook
#creates a new workbook
wb = Workbook()
#Gets the first active worksheet
ws = wb.active
#creating new worksheets by using the create_sheet method
ws1 = wb.create_sheet("sheet1", 0) #inserts at first position
ws2 = wb.create_sheet("sheet2") #inserts at last position
ws3 = wb.create_sheet("sheet3", -1) #inserts at penultimate position
#Renaming the sheet
ws.title = "Example"
#save the workbook
wb.save(filename = "example.xlsx")
We load the file using the function load_Workbook()
which takes the filename as an argument. The file must be saved in the same working directory.
#loading a workbook
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("example.xlsx")
#getting sheet names
wb.sheetnames
result = ['sheet1', 'Sheet', 'sheet3', 'sheet2']
#getting a particular sheet
sheet1 = wb["sheet2"]
#getting sheet title
sheet1.title
result = 'sheet2'
#Getting the active sheet
sheetactive = wb.active
result = 'sheet1'
#get a cell from the sheet
sheet1["A1"] <
Cell 'Sheet1'.A1 >
#get the cell value
ws["A1"].value 'Segment'
#accessing cell using row and column and assigning a value
d = ws.cell(row = 4, column = 2, value = 10)
d.value
10
#looping through each row and column
for x in range(1, 5):
for y in range(1, 5):
print(x, y, ws.cell(row = x, column = y)
.value)
#getting the highest row number
ws.max_row
701
#getting the highest column number
ws.max_column
19
There are two functions for iterating through rows and columns.
Iter_rows() => returns the rows
Iter_cols() => returns the columns {
min_row = 4, max_row = 5, min_col = 2, max_col = 5
} => This can be used to set the boundaries
for any iteration.
Example:
#iterating rows
for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 3):
for cell in row:
print(cell) <
Cell 'Sheet1'.A2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.A3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C3 >
#iterating columns
for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 3):
for cell in col:
print(cell) <
Cell 'Sheet1'.A2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.A3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.B3 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C2 >
<
Cell 'Sheet1'.C3 >
To get all the rows of the worksheet we use the method worksheet.rows and to get all the columns of the worksheet we use the method worksheet.columns. Similarly, to iterate only through the values we use the method worksheet.values.
Example:
for row in ws.values:
for value in row:
print(value)
Writing to a workbook can be done in many ways such as adding a formula, adding charts, images, updating cell values, inserting rows and columns, etc… We will discuss each of these with an example.
#creates a new workbook
wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
#saving the workbook
wb.save("new.xlsx")
#creating a new sheet
ws1 = wb.create_sheet(title = "sheet 2")
#creating a new sheet at index 0
ws2 = wb.create_sheet(index = 0, title = "sheet 0")
#checking the sheet names
wb.sheetnames['sheet 0', 'Sheet', 'sheet 2']
#deleting a sheet
del wb['sheet 0']
#checking sheetnames
wb.sheetnames['Sheet', 'sheet 2']
#checking the sheet value
ws['B2'].value
null
#adding value to cell
ws['B2'] = 367
#checking value
ws['B2'].value
367
We often require formulas to be included in our Excel datasheet. We can easily add formulas using the Openpyxl module just like you add values to a cell.
For example:
import openpyxl
from openpyxl
import Workbook
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("new1.xlsx")
ws = wb['Sheet']
ws['A9'] = '=SUM(A2:A8)'
wb.save("new2.xlsx")
The above program will add the formula (=SUM(A2:A8)) in cell A9. The result will be as below.
Two or more cells can be merged to a rectangular area using the method merge_cells(), and similarly, they can be unmerged using the method unmerge_cells().
For example:
Merge cells
#merge cells B2 to C9
ws.merge_cells('B2:C9')
ws['B2'] = "Merged cells"
Adding the above code to the previous example will merge cells as below.
#unmerge cells B2 to C9
ws.unmerge_cells('B2:C9')
The above code will unmerge cells from B2 to C9.
To insert an image we import the image function from the module openpyxl.drawing.image. We then load our image and add it to the cell as shown in the below example.
Example:
import openpyxl
from openpyxl
import Workbook
from openpyxl.drawing.image
import Image
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("new1.xlsx")
ws = wb['Sheet']
#loading the image(should be in same folder)
img = Image('logo.png')
ws['A1'] = "Adding image"
#adjusting size
img.height = 130
img.width = 200
#adding img to cell A3
ws.add_image(img, 'A3')
wb.save("new2.xlsx")
Result:
Charts are essential to show a visualization of data. We can create charts from Excel data using the Openpyxl module chart. Different forms of charts such as line charts, bar charts, 3D line charts, etc., can be created. We need to create a reference that contains the data to be used for the chart, which is nothing but a selection of cells (rows and columns). I am using sample data to create a 3D bar chart in the below example:
Example
import openpyxl
from openpyxl
import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart
import BarChart3D, Reference, series
wb = openpyxl.load_workbook("example.xlsx")
ws = wb.active
values = Reference(ws, min_col = 3, min_row = 2, max_col = 3, max_row = 40)
chart = BarChart3D()
chart.add_data(values)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E3")
wb.save("MyChart.xlsx")
Result
Welcome to another video! In this video, We will cover how we can use python to automate Excel. I'll be going over everything from creating workbooks to accessing individual cells and stylizing cells. There is a ton of things that you can do with Excel but I'll just be covering the core/base things in OpenPyXl.
⭐️ Timestamps ⭐️
00:00 | Introduction
02:14 | Installing openpyxl
03:19 | Testing Installation
04:25 | Loading an Existing Workbook
06:46 | Accessing Worksheets
07:37 | Accessing Cell Values
08:58 | Saving Workbooks
09:52 | Creating, Listing and Changing Sheets
11:50 | Creating a New Workbook
12:39 | Adding/Appending Rows
14:26 | Accessing Multiple Cells
20:46 | Merging Cells
22:27 | Inserting and Deleting Rows
23:35 | Inserting and Deleting Columns
24:48 | Copying and Moving Cells
26:06 | Practical Example, Formulas & Cell Styling
📄 Resources 📄
OpenPyXL Docs: https://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/stable/
Code Written in This Tutorial: https://github.com/techwithtim/ExcelPythonTutorial
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/c/TechWithTim/featured