1650399360
A Distributed Unique ID Generator inspired By Twitter's Snowflake
Sonyflake
Sonyflake is a distributed unique ID generator inspired by Twitter's Snowflake.
Sonyflake focuses on lifetime and performance on many host/core environment. So it has a different bit assignment from Snowflake. A Sonyflake ID is composed of
39 bits for time in units of 10 msec
8 bits for a sequence number
16 bits for a machine id
As a result, Sonyflake has the following advantages and disadvantages:
- The lifetime (174 years) is longer than that of Snowflake (69 years)
- It can work in more distributed machines (2^16) than Snowflake (2^10)
- It can generate 2^8 IDs per 10 msec at most in a single machine/thread (slower than Snowflake)
However, if you want more generation rate in a single host, you can easily run multiple Sonyflake ID generators concurrently using goroutines.
Installation
go get github.com/sony/sonyflake
Usage
The function NewSonyflake creates a new Sonyflake instance.
func NewSonyflake(st Settings) *Sonyflake
You can configure Sonyflake by the struct Settings:
type Settings struct {
StartTime time.Time
MachineID func() (uint16, error)
CheckMachineID func(uint16) bool
}
StartTime is the time since which the Sonyflake time is defined as the elapsed time. If StartTime is 0, the start time of the Sonyflake is set to "2014-09-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC". If StartTime is ahead of the current time, Sonyflake is not created.
MachineID returns the unique ID of the Sonyflake instance. If MachineID returns an error, Sonyflake is not created. If MachineID is nil, default MachineID is used. Default MachineID returns the lower 16 bits of the private IP address.
CheckMachineID validates the uniqueness of the machine ID. If CheckMachineID returns false, Sonyflake is not created. If CheckMachineID is nil, no validation is done.
In order to get a new unique ID, you just have to call the method NextID.
func (sf *Sonyflake) NextID() (uint64, error)
NextID can continue to generate IDs for about 174 years from StartTime. But after the Sonyflake time is over the limit, NextID returns an error.
AWS VPC and Docker
The awsutil package provides the function AmazonEC2MachineID that returns the lower 16-bit private IP address of the Amazon EC2 instance. It also works correctly on Docker by retrieving instance metadata.
AWS VPC is assigned a single CIDR with a netmask between /28 and /16. So if each EC2 instance has a unique private IP address in AWS VPC, the lower 16 bits of the address is also unique. In this common case, you can use AmazonEC2MachineID as Settings.MachineID.
See example that runs Sonyflake on AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
Author: Sony
Source Code: https://github.com/sony/sonyflake
License: MIT License
What is GEEK
Buddha Community
1650399360
A Distributed Unique ID Generator inspired By Twitter's Snowflake
Sonyflake
Sonyflake is a distributed unique ID generator inspired by Twitter's Snowflake.
Sonyflake focuses on lifetime and performance on many host/core environment. So it has a different bit assignment from Snowflake. A Sonyflake ID is composed of
39 bits for time in units of 10 msec
8 bits for a sequence number
16 bits for a machine id
As a result, Sonyflake has the following advantages and disadvantages:
- The lifetime (174 years) is longer than that of Snowflake (69 years)
- It can work in more distributed machines (2^16) than Snowflake (2^10)
- It can generate 2^8 IDs per 10 msec at most in a single machine/thread (slower than Snowflake)
However, if you want more generation rate in a single host, you can easily run multiple Sonyflake ID generators concurrently using goroutines.
Installation
go get github.com/sony/sonyflake
Usage
The function NewSonyflake creates a new Sonyflake instance.
func NewSonyflake(st Settings) *Sonyflake
You can configure Sonyflake by the struct Settings:
type Settings struct {
StartTime time.Time
MachineID func() (uint16, error)
CheckMachineID func(uint16) bool
}
StartTime is the time since which the Sonyflake time is defined as the elapsed time. If StartTime is 0, the start time of the Sonyflake is set to "2014-09-01 00:00:00 +0000 UTC". If StartTime is ahead of the current time, Sonyflake is not created.
MachineID returns the unique ID of the Sonyflake instance. If MachineID returns an error, Sonyflake is not created. If MachineID is nil, default MachineID is used. Default MachineID returns the lower 16 bits of the private IP address.
CheckMachineID validates the uniqueness of the machine ID. If CheckMachineID returns false, Sonyflake is not created. If CheckMachineID is nil, no validation is done.
In order to get a new unique ID, you just have to call the method NextID.
func (sf *Sonyflake) NextID() (uint64, error)
NextID can continue to generate IDs for about 174 years from StartTime. But after the Sonyflake time is over the limit, NextID returns an error.
AWS VPC and Docker
The awsutil package provides the function AmazonEC2MachineID that returns the lower 16-bit private IP address of the Amazon EC2 instance. It also works correctly on Docker by retrieving instance metadata.
AWS VPC is assigned a single CIDR with a netmask between /28 and /16. So if each EC2 instance has a unique private IP address in AWS VPC, the lower 16 bits of the address is also unique. In this common case, you can use AmazonEC2MachineID as Settings.MachineID.
See example that runs Sonyflake on AWS Elastic Beanstalk.
Author: Sony
Source Code: https://github.com/sony/sonyflake
License: MIT License
1667279100
Jekyll-spaceship: Jekyll Plugin for Astronauts
🚀 Jekyll Spaceship 🚀
Jekyll plugin for Astronauts.
Spaceship is a minimalistic, powerful and extremely customizable Jekyll plugin. It combines everything you may need for convenient work, without unnecessary complications, like a real spaceship.
💡 Tip: I hope you enjoy using this plugin. If you like this project, a little star for it is your way make a clear statement: My work is valued. I would appreciate your support! Thank you!
Requirements
- Ruby >= 2.3.0
Installation
Add jekyll-spaceship plugin in your site's Gemfile, and run bundle install.
# If you have any plugins, put them here!
group :jekyll_plugins do
gem 'jekyll-spaceship'
end
Or you better like to write in one line:
gem 'jekyll-spaceship', group: :jekyll_plugins
Add jekyll-spaceship to the plugins: section in your site's _config.yml.
plugins:
- jekyll-spaceship
💡 Tip: Note that GitHub Pages runs in safe mode and only allows a set of whitelisted plugins. To use the gem in GitHub Pages, you need to build locally or use CI (e.g. travis, github workflow) and deploy to your gh-pages branch.
Additions for Unlimited GitHub Pages
- Here is a GitHub Action named jekyll-deploy-action for Jekyll site deployment conveniently. 👍
- Here is a Jekyll site using Travis to build and deploy to GitHub Pages for your references.
Configuration
This plugin runs with the following configuration options by default. Alternative settings for these options can be explicitly specified in the configuration file _config.yml.
# Where things are
jekyll-spaceship:
# default enabled processors
processors:
- table-processor
- mathjax-processor
- plantuml-processor
- mermaid-processor
- polyfill-processor
- media-processor
- emoji-processor
- element-processor
mathjax-processor:
src:
- https://polyfill.io/v3/polyfill.min.js?features=es6
- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js
config:
tex:
inlineMath:
- ['$','$']
- ['\(','\)']
displayMath:
- ['$$','$$']
- ['\[','\]']
svg:
fontCache: 'global'
optimize: # optimization on building stage to check and add mathjax scripts
enabled: true # value `false` for adding to all pages
include: [] # include patterns for math expressions checking (regexp)
exclude: [] # exclude patterns for math expressions checking (regexp)
plantuml-processor:
mode: default # mode value 'pre-fetch' for fetching image at building stage
css:
class: plantuml
syntax:
code: 'plantuml!'
custom: ['@startuml', '@enduml']
src: http://www.plantuml.com/plantuml/svg/
mermaid-processor:
mode: default # mode value 'pre-fetch' for fetching image at building stage
css:
class: mermaid
syntax:
code: 'mermaid!'
custom: ['@startmermaid', '@endmermaid']
config:
theme: default
src: https://mermaid.ink/svg/
media-processor:
default:
id: 'media-{id}'
class: 'media'
width: '100%'
height: 350
frameborder: 0
style: 'max-width: 600px; outline: none;'
allow: 'encrypted-media; picture-in-picture'
emoji-processor:
css:
class: emoji
src: https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/
Usage
1. Table Usage
For now, these extended features are provided:
- Cells spanning multiple columns
- Cells spanning multiple rows
- Cells text align separately
- Table header not required
- Grouped table header rows or data rows
Noted that GitHub filters out style property, so the example displays with the obsolete align property. But in actual this plugin outputs style property with text-align CSS attribute.
Rowspan and Colspan
^^ in a cell indicates it should be merged with the cell above.
This feature is contributed by pmccloghrylaing.
| Stage | Direct Products | ATP Yields |
| -----------------: | --------------: | ---------: |
| Glycolysis | 2 ATP ||
| ^^ | 2 NADH | 3--5 ATP |
| Pyruvaye oxidation | 2 NADH | 5 ATP |
| Citric acid cycle | 2 ATP ||
| ^^ | 6 NADH | 15 ATP |
| ^^ | 2 FADH | 3 ATP |
| 30--32 ATP |||
Code above would be parsed as:
| Stage | Direct Products | ATP Yields |
|---|---|---|
| Glycolysis | 2 ATP | |
| 2 NADH | 3–5 ATP | |
| Pyruvaye oxidation | 2 NADH | 5 ATP |
| Citric acid cycle | 2 ATP | |
| 6 NADH | 15 ATP | |
| 2 FADH2 | 3 ATP | |
| 30–32 ATP | ||
Multiline
A backslash at end to join cell contents with the following lines.
This feature is contributed by Lucas-C.
| : Easy Multiline : |||
| :----- | :----- | :------ |
| Apple | Banana | Orange \
| Apple | Banana | Orange \
| Apple | Banana | Orange
| Apple | Banana | Orange \
| Apple | Banana | Orange |
| Apple | Banana | Orange |
Code above would be parsed as:
| Easy Multiline | ||
|---|---|---|
| Apple Apple Apple | Banana Banana Banana | Orange Orange Orange |
| Apple Apple | Banana Banana | Orange Orange |
| Apple | Banana | Orange |
Headerless
Table header can be eliminated.
|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|--|
|♜| |♝|♛|♚|♝|♞|♜|
| |♟|♟|♟| |♟|♟|♟|
|♟| |♞| | | | | |
| |♗| | |♟| | | |
| | | | |♙| | | |
| | | | | |♘| | |
|♙|♙|♙|♙| |♙|♙|♙|
|♖|♘|♗|♕|♔| | |♖|
Code above would be parsed as:
| ♜ | ♝ | ♛ | ♚ | ♝ | ♞ | ♜ | |
| ♟ | ♟ | ♟ | ♟ | ♟ | ♟ | ||
| ♟ | ♞ | ||||||
| ♗ | ♟ | ||||||
| ♙ | |||||||
| ♘ | |||||||
| ♙ | ♙ | ♙ | ♙ | ♙ | ♙ | ♙ | |
| ♖ | ♘ | ♗ | ♕ | ♔ | ♖ |
Cell Alignment
Markdown table syntax use colons ":" for forcing column alignment.
Therefore, here we also use it for forcing cell alignment.
Table cell can be set alignment separately.
| : Fruits \|\| Food : |||
| :--------- | :-------- | :-------- |
| Apple | : Apple : | Apple \
| Banana | Banana | Banana \
| Orange | Orange | Orange |
| : Rowspan is 4 : || How's it? |
|^^ A. Peach || 1. Fine :|
|^^ B. Orange ||^^ 2. Bad |
|^^ C. Banana || It's OK! |
Code above would be parsed as:
| Fruits || Food | ||
|---|---|---|
| Apple Banana Orange | Apple Banana Orange | Apple Banana Orange |
| Rowspan is 4 A. Peach B. Orange C. Banana | ||
| How's it? | ||
| 1. Fine 2. Bad | ||
| It' OK! | ||
Cell Markdown
Sometimes we may need some abundant content (e.g., mathjax, image, video) in Markdown table
Therefore, here we also make markown syntax possible inside a cell.
| : MathJax \|\| Image : |||
| :------------ | :-------- | :----------------------------- |
| Apple | : Apple : | Apple \
| Banana | Banana | Banana \
| Orange | Orange | Orange |
| : Rowspan is 4 : || : How's it? : |
| ^^ A. Peach || 1. ![example][cell-image] |
| ^^ B. Orange || ^^ 2. $I = \int \rho R^{2} dV$ |
| ^^ C. Banana || **It's OK!** |
[cell-image]: https://jekyllrb.com/img/octojekyll.png "An exemplary image"
Code above would be parsed as:
| MathJax || Image | ||
|---|---|---|
| Apple Banana Orange | Apple Banana Orange | Apple Banana Orange |
| Rowspan is 4 A. Peach B. Orange C. Banana | ||
| How's it? | ||
| It' OK! | ||
Cell Inline Attributes
This feature is very useful for custom cell such as using inline style. (e.g., background, color, font)
The idea and syntax comes from the Maruku package.
Following are some examples of attributes definitions (ALDs) and afterwards comes the syntax explanation:
{:ref-name: #id .cls1 .cls2}
{:second: ref-name #id-of-other title="hallo you"}
{:other: ref-name second}
An ALD line has the following structure:
- a left brace, optionally preceded by up to three spaces,
- followed by a colon, the id and another colon,
- followed by attribute definitions (allowed characters are backslash-escaped closing braces or any character except a not escaped closing brace),
- followed by a closing brace and optional spaces until the end of the line.
If there is more than one ALD with the same reference name, the attribute definitions of all the ALDs are processed like they are defined in one ALD.
An inline attribute list (IAL) is used to attach attributes to another element.
Here are some examples for span IALs:
{: #id .cls1 .cls2} <!-- #id <=> id="id", .cls1 .cls2 <=> class="cls1 cls2" -->
{: ref-name title="hallo you"}
{: ref-name class='.cls3' .cls4}
Here is an example for custom table cell with IAL:
{:color-style: style="background: black;"}
{:color-style: style="color: white;"}
{:text-style: style="font-weight: 800; text-decoration: underline;"}
|: Here's an Inline Attribute Lists example :||||
| ------- | ------------------ | -------------------- | ------------------ |
|: :|: <div style="color: red;"> < Normal HTML Block > </div> :|||
| ^^ | Red {: .cls style="background: orange" } |||
| ^^ IALs | Green {: #id style="background: green; color: white" } |||
| ^^ | Blue {: style="background: blue; color: white" } |||
| ^^ | Black {: color-style text-style } |||
Code above would be parsed as:
Additionally, here you can learn more details about IALs.
2. MathJax Usage
MathJax is an open-source JavaScript display engine for LaTeX, MathML, and AsciiMath notation that works in all modern browsers.
Some of the main features of MathJax include:
- High-quality display of LaTeX, MathML, and AsciiMath notation in HTML pages
- Supported in most browsers with no plug-ins, extra fonts, or special setup for the reader
- Easy for authors, flexible for publishers, extensible for developers
- Supports math accessibility, cut-and-paste interoperability, and other advanced functionality
- Powerful API for integration with other web applications
2.1 Performance optimization
At building stage, the MathJax engine script will be added by automatically checking whether there is a math expression in the page, this feature can help you improve the page performance on loading speed.
2.2 How to use?
Put your math expression within $...$
$ a * b = c ^ b $
$ 2^{\frac{n-1}{3}} $
$ \int\_a^b f(x)\,dx. $
Code above would be parsed as:
3. PlantUML Usage
PlantUML is a component that allows to quickly write:
- sequence diagram,
- use case diagram,
- class diagram,
- activity diagram,
- component diagram,
- state diagram,
- object diagram
There are two ways to create a diagram in your Jekyll blog page:
```plantuml!
Bob -> Alice : hello world
```
or
@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
@enduml
Code above would be parsed as:
4. Mermaid Usage
Mermaid is a Javascript based diagramming and charting tool. It generates diagrams flowcharts and more, using markdown-inspired text for ease and speed.
It allows to quickly write:
- flow chart,
- pie chart,
- sequence diagram,
- class diagram,
- state diagram,
- entity relationship diagram,
- user journey,
- gantt
There are two ways to create a diagram in your Jekyll blog page:
```mermaid!
pie title Pets adopted by volunteers
"Dogs" : 386
"Cats" : 85
"Rats" : 35
```
or
@startmermaid
pie title Pets adopted by volunteers
"Dogs" : 386
"Cats" : 85
"Rats" : 35
@endmermaid
Code above would be parsed as:
5. Media Usage
How often did you find yourself googling "How to embed a video/audio in markdown?"
While its not possible to embed a video/audio in markdown, the best and easiest way is to extract a frame from the video/audio. To add videos/audios to your markdown files easier I developped this tool for you, and it will parse the video/audio link inside the image block automatically.
For now, these media links parsing are provided:
- Youtube
- Vimeo
- DailyMotion
- Spotify
- SoundCloud
- General Video ( mp4 | avi | ogg | ogv | webm | 3gp | flv | mov ... )
- General Audio ( mp3 | wav | ogg | mid | midi | aac | wma ... )
There are two ways to embed a video/audio in your Jekyll blog page:
Inline-style:
Reference-style:
![][{reference}]
[{reference}]: {media-link}
For configuring media attributes (e.g, width, height), just adding query string to the link as below:
Youtube Usage
Vimeo Usage
DailyMotion Usage
Spotify Usage
Spotify Podcast Usage
SoundCloud Usage
General Video Usage
General Audio Usage
6. Hybrid HTML with Markdown
As markdown is not only a lightweight markup language with plain-text-formatting syntax, but also an easy-to-read and easy-to-write plain text format, so writing a hybrid HTML with markdown is an awesome choice.
It's easy to write markdown inside HTML:
<script type="text/markdown">
# Hybrid HTML with Markdown is a not bad choice ^\_^
## Table Usage
| : Fruits \|\| Food : |||
| :--------- | :-------- | :-------- |
| Apple | : Apple : | Apple \
| Banana | Banana | Banana \
| Orange | Orange | Orange |
| : Rowspan is 4 : || How's it? |
|^^ A. Peach || 1. Fine :|
|^^ B. Orange ||^^ 2. Bad |
|^^ C. Banana || It's OK! |
## PlantUML Usage
@startuml
Bob -> Alice : hello
@enduml
## Video Usage
</script>
7. Markdown Polyfill
It allows us to polyfill features for extending markdown syntax.
For now, these polyfill features are provided:
- Escape ordered list
7.1 Escape Ordered List
A backslash at begin to escape the ordered list.
Normal:
1. List item Apple.
3. List item Banana.
10. List item Cafe.
Escaped:
\1. List item Apple.
\3. List item Banana.
\10. List item Cafe.
Code above would be parsed as:
Normal:
1. List item Apple.
2. List item Banana.
3. List item Cafe.
Escaped:
1. List item Apple.
3. List item Banana.
10. List item Cafe.
8. Emoji Usage
GitHub-flavored emoji images and names would allow emojifying content such as: it's raining :cat:s and :dog:s!
Noted that emoji images are served from the GitHub.com CDN, with a base URL of https://github.githubassets.com, which results in emoji image URLs like https://github.githubassets.com/images/icons/emoji/unicode/1f604.png.
In any page or post, use emoji as you would normally, e.g.
I give this plugin two :+1:!
Code above would be parsed as:
I give this plugin two :+1:!
8.1 Emoji Customizing
If you'd like to serve emoji images locally, or use a custom emoji source, you can specify so in your _config.yml file:
jekyll-spaceship:
emoji-processor:
src: "/assets/images/emoji"
See the Gemoji documentation for generating image files.
9. Modifying Element Usage
It allows us to modify elements via CSS3 selectors. Through it you can easily modify the attributes of an element tag, replace the children nodes and so on, it's very flexible, but here is example usage for modifying a document:
# Here is a comprehensive example
jekyll-spaceship:
element-processor:
css:
- a: '<h1>Test</h1>' # Replace all `a` tags (String Style)
- ['a.link1', 'a.link2']: # Replace all `a.link1`, `a.link2` tags (Hash Style)
name: img # Replace element tag name
props: # Replace element properties
title: Good image # Add a title attribute
src: ['(^.*$)', '\0?a=123'] # Add query string to src attribute by regex pattern
style: # Add style attribute (Hash Style)
color: red
font-size: '1.2em'
children: # Add children to the element
- # First empty for adding after the last child node
- "<span>Google</span>" # First child node (String Style)
- # Middle empty for wrapping the children nodes
- name: span # Second child node (Hash Style)
props:
prop1: "1" # Custom property1
prop2: "2" # Custom property2
prop3: "3" # Custom property3
children: # Add nested chidren nodes
- "<span>Jekyll</span>" # First child node (String Style)
- name: span # Second child node (Hash Style)
props: # Add attributes to child node (Hash Style)
prop1: "a"
prop2: "b"
prop3: "c"
children: "<b>Yap!</b>" # Add children nodes (String Style)
- # Last empty for adding before the first child node
- a.link: '<a href="//t.com">Link</a>' # Replace all `a.link` tags (String Style)
- 'h1#title': # Replace `h1#title` tags (Hash Style)
children: I'm a title! # Replace inner html to new text
Example 1
Automatically adds a target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" attribute to all external links in Jekyll's content.
jekyll-spaceship:
element-processor:
css:
- a: # Replace all `a` tags
props:
class: ['(^.*$)', '\0 ext-link'] # Add `ext-link` to class by regex pattern
target: _blank # Replace `target` value to `_blank`
rel: noopener noreferrer # Replace `rel` value to `noopener noreferrer`
Example 2
Automatically adds loading="lazy" to img and iframe tags to natively load lazily. Browser support is growing. If a browser does not support the loading attribute, it will load the resource just like it would normally.
jekyll-spaceship:
element-processor:
css:
- a: # Replace all `a` tags
props: #
loading: lazy # Replace `loading` value to `lazy`
In case you want to prevent loading some images/iframes lazily, add loading="eager" to their tags. This might be useful to prevent flickering of images during navigation (e.g. the site's logo).
See the following examples to prevent lazy loading.
jekyll-spaceship:
element-processor:
css:
- a: # Replace all `a` tags
props: #
loading: eager # Replace `loading` value to `eager`
There are three options when using this method to lazy load images. Here are the supported values for the loading attribute:
- auto: Default lazy-loading behavior of the browser, which is the same as not including the attribute.
- lazy: Defer loading of the resource until it reaches a calculated distance from the viewport.
- eager: Load the resource immediately, regardless of where it’s located on the page.
Credits
- Jekyll - A blog-aware static site generator in Ruby.
- MultiMarkdown - Lightweight markup processor to produce HTML, LaTeX, and more.
- markdown-it-multimd-table - Multimarkdown table syntax plugin for markdown-it markdown parser.
- jmoji - GitHub-flavored emoji plugin for Jekyll.
- jekyll-target-blank - Automatically opens external links in a new browser for Jekyll Pages, Posts and Docs.
- jekyll-loading-lazy - Automatically adds loading="lazy" to img and iframe tags to natively load lazily.
- mermaid - Generation of diagram and flowchart from text in a similar manner as markdown.
Contributing
Issues and Pull Requests are greatly appreciated. If you've never contributed to an open source project before I'm more than happy to walk you through how to create a pull request.
You can start by opening an issue describing the problem that you're looking to resolve and we'll go from there.
Download Details:
Author: jeffreytse
Source Code: https://github.com/jeffreytse/jekyll-spaceship
License: MIT license
1591340335
How To Take Help Of Referencing Generator
APA Referencing Generator
Many students use APA style as the key citation style in their assignment in university or college. Although, many people find it quite difficult to write the reference of the source. You ought to miss the names and dates of authors. Hence, APA referencing generator is important for reducing the burden of students. They can now feel quite easy to do the assignments on time.
The functioning of APA referencing generator
If you are struggling hard to write the APA referencing then you can take the help of APA referencing generator. It will create an excellent list. You are required to enter the information about the source. Just ensure that the text is credible and original. If you will copy references then it is a copyright violation.
You can use a referencing generator in just a click. It will generate the right references for all the sources. You are required to organize in alphabetical order. The generator will make sure that you will get good grades.
How to use APA referencing generator?
Select what is required to be cited such as journal, book, film, and others. You can choose the type of required citations list and enter all the required fields. The fields are dates, author name, title, editor name, and editions, name of publishers, chapter number, page numbers, and title of journals. You can click for reference to be generated and you will get the desired result.
Chicago Referencing Generator
Do you require the citation style? You can rely on Chicago Referencing Generator and will ensure that you will get the right citation in just a click. The generator is created to provide solutions to students to cite their research paper in Chicago style. It has proved to be the quickest and best citation generator on the market. The generator helps to sort the homework issues in few seconds. It also saves a lot of time and energy.
This tool helps researchers, professional writers, and students to manage and generate text citation essays. It will help to write Chicago style in a fast and easy way. It also provides details and directions for formatting and cites resources.
So, you must stop wasting the time and can go for Chicago Referencing Generator or APA referencing generator. These citation generators will help to solve the problem of citation issues. You can easily create citations by using endnotes and footnotes.
So, you can generate bibliographies, references, in-text citations, and title pages. These are fully automatic referencing style. You are just required to enter certain details about the citation and you will get the citation in the proper and required format.
So, if you are feeling any problem in doing assignment then you can take the help of assignment help.
If you require help for Assignment then livewebtutors is the right place for you. If you see our prices, you will observe that they are actually very affordable. Also, you can always expect a discount. Our team is capable and versatile enough to offer you exactly what you need, the best services for the prices you can afford.
read more:- Are you struggling to write a bibliography? Use Harvard referencing generator
#apa referencing generator #harvard referencing generator #chicago referencing generator #mla referencing generator #deakin referencing generator #oxford referencing generator
1658977500
A Ruby Library for Generating Text with Recursive Template Grammars
Calyx
Calyx provides a simple API for generating text with declarative recursive grammars.
Install
Command Line
gem install calyx
Gemfile
gem 'calyx'
Examples
The best way to get started quickly is to install the gem and run the examples locally.
Any Gradient
Requires Roda and Rack to be available.
gem install roda
Demonstrates how to use Calyx to construct SVG graphics. Any Gradient generates a rectangle with a linear gradient of random colours.
Run as a web server and preview the output in a browser (http://localhost:9292):
ruby examples/any_gradient.rb
Or generate SVG files via a command line pipe:
ruby examples/any_gradient > gradient1.xml
Tiny Woodland Bot
Requires the Twitter client gem and API access configured for a specific Twitter handle.
gem install twitter
Demonstrates how to use Calyx to make a minimal Twitter bot that periodically posts unique tweets. See @tiny_woodland on Twitter and the writeup here.
TWITTER_CONSUMER_KEY=XXX-XXX
TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET=XXX-XXX
TWITTER_ACCESS_TOKEN=XXX-XXX
TWITTER_CONSUMER_SECRET=XXX-XXX
ruby examples/tiny_woodland_bot.rb
Faker
Faker is a popular library for generating fake names and associated sample data like internet addresses, company names and locations.
This example demonstrates how to use Calyx to reproduce the same functionality using custom lists defined in a YAML configuration file.
ruby examples/faker.rb
Usage
Require the library and inherit from Calyx::Grammar to construct a set of rules to generate a text.
require 'calyx'
class HelloWorld < Calyx::Grammar
start 'Hello world.'
end
To generate the text itself, initialize the object and call the generate method.
hello = HelloWorld.new
hello.generate
# > "Hello world."
Obviously, this hardcoded sentence isn’t very interesting by itself. Possible variations can be added to the text by adding additional rules which provide a named set of text strings. The rule delimiter syntax ({}) can be used to substitute the generated content of other rules.
class HelloWorld < Calyx::Grammar
start '{greeting} world.'
greeting 'Hello', 'Hi', 'Hey', 'Yo'
end
Each time #generate runs, it evaluates the tree and randomly selects variations of rules to construct a resulting string.
hello = HelloWorld.new
hello.generate
# > "Hi world."
hello.generate
# > "Hello world."
hello.generate
# > "Yo world."
By convention, the start rule specifies the default starting point for generating the final text. You can start from any other named rule by passing it explicitly to the generate method.
class HelloWorld < Calyx::Grammar
hello 'Hello world.'
end
hello = HelloWorld.new
hello.generate(:hello)
Block Constructors
As an alternative to subclassing, you can also construct rules unique to an instance by passing a block when initializing the class:
hello = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start '{greeting} world.'
greeting 'Hello', 'Hi', 'Hey', 'Yo'
end
hello.generate
Template Expressions
Basic rule substitution uses single curly brackets as delimiters for template expressions:
fruit = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start '{colour} {fruit}'
colour 'red', 'green', 'yellow'
fruit 'apple', 'pear', 'tomato'
end
6.times { fruit.generate }
# => "yellow pear"
# => "red apple"
# => "green tomato"
# => "red pear"
# => "yellow tomato"
# => "green apple"
Nesting and Substitution
Rules are recursive. They can be arbitrarily nested and connected to generate larger and more complex texts.
class HelloWorld < Calyx::Grammar
start '{greeting} {world_phrase}.'
greeting 'Hello', 'Hi', 'Hey', 'Yo'
world_phrase '{happy_adj} world', '{sad_adj} world', 'world'
happy_adj 'wonderful', 'amazing', 'bright', 'beautiful'
sad_adj 'cruel', 'miserable'
end
Nesting and hierarchy can be manipulated to balance consistency with novelty. The exact same word atoms can be combined in a variety of ways to produce strikingly different resulting texts.
module HelloWorld
class Sentiment < Calyx::Grammar
start '{happy_phrase}', '{sad_phrase}'
happy_phrase '{happy_greeting} {happy_adj} world.'
happy_greeting 'Hello', 'Hi', 'Hey', 'Yo'
happy_adj 'wonderful', 'amazing', 'bright', 'beautiful'
sad_phrase '{sad_greeting} {sad_adj} world.'
sad_greeting 'Goodbye', 'So long', 'Farewell'
sad_adj 'cruel', 'miserable'
end
class Mixed < Calyx::Grammar
start '{greeting} {adj} world.'
greeting 'Hello', 'Hi', 'Hey', 'Yo', 'Goodbye', 'So long', 'Farewell'
adj 'wonderful', 'amazing', 'bright', 'beautiful', 'cruel', 'miserable'
end
end
Random Sampling
By default, the outcomes of generated rules are selected with Ruby’s built-in pseudorandom number generator (as seen in methods like Kernel.rand and Array.sample). To seed the random number generator, pass in an integer seed value as the first argument to the constructor:
grammar = Calyx::Grammar.new(seed: 12345) do
# rules...
end
Alternatively, you can pass a preconfigured instance of Ruby’s stdlib Random class:
random = Random.new(12345)
grammar = Calyx::Grammar.new(rng: random) do
# rules...
end
When a random seed isn’t supplied, Time.new.to_i is used as the default seed, which makes each run of the generator relatively unique.
Weighted Choices
Choices can be weighted so that some rules have a greater probability of expanding than others.
Weights are defined by passing a hash instead of a list of rules where the keys are strings or symbols representing the grammar rules and the values are weights.
Weights can be represented as floats, integers or ranges.
- Floats must be in the interval 0..1 and the given weights for a production must sum to 1.
- Ranges must be contiguous and cover the entire interval from 1 to the maximum value of the largest range.
- Integers (Fixnums) will produce a distribution based on the sum of all given numbers, with each number being a fraction of that sum.
The following definitions produce an equivalent weighting of choices:
Calyx::Grammar.new do
start 'heads' => 1, 'tails' => 1
end
Calyx::Grammar.new do
start 'heads' => 0.5, 'tails' => 0.5
end
Calyx::Grammar.new do
start 'heads' => 1..5, 'tails' => 6..10
end
Calyx::Grammar.new do
start 'heads' => 50, 'tails' => 50
end
There’s a lot of interesting things you can do with this. For example, you can model the triangular distribution produced by rolling 2d6:
Calyx::Grammar.new do
start(
'2' => 1,
'3' => 2,
'4' => 3,
'5' => 4,
'6' => 5,
'7' => 6,
'8' => 5,
'9' => 4,
'10' => 3,
'11' => 2,
'12' => 1
)
end
Or reproduce Gary Gygax’s famous generation table from the original Dungeon Master’s Guide (page 171):
Calyx::Grammar.new do
start(
:empty => 0.6,
:monster => 0.1,
:monster_treasure => 0.15,
:special => 0.05,
:trick_trap => 0.05,
:treasure => 0.05
)
empty 'Empty'
monster 'Monster Only'
monster_treasure 'Monster and Treasure'
special 'Special'
trick_trap 'Trick/Trap.'
treasure 'Treasure'
end
String Modifiers
Dot-notation is supported in template expressions, allowing you to call any available method on the String object returned from a rule. Formatting methods can be chained arbitrarily and will execute in the same way as they would in native Ruby code.
greeting = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start '{hello.capitalize} there.', 'Why, {hello} there.'
hello 'hello', 'hi'
end
4.times { greeting.generate }
# => "Hello there."
# => "Hi there."
# => "Why, hello there."
# => "Why, hi there."
You can also extend the grammar with custom modifiers that provide useful formatting functions.
Filters
Filters accept an input string and return the transformed output:
greeting = Calyx::Grammar.new do
filter :shoutycaps do |input|
input.upcase
end
start '{hello.shoutycaps} there.', 'Why, {hello.shoutycaps} there.'
hello 'hello', 'hi'
end
4.times { greeting.generate }
# => "HELLO there."
# => "HI there."
# => "Why, HELLO there."
# => "Why, HI there."
Mappings
The mapping shortcut allows you to specify a map of regex patterns pointing to their resulting substitution strings:
green_bottle = Calyx::Grammar.new do
mapping :pluralize, /(.+)/ => '\\1s'
start 'One green {bottle}.', 'Two green {bottle.pluralize}.'
bottle 'bottle'
end
2.times { green_bottle.generate }
# => "One green bottle."
# => "Two green bottles."
Modifier Mixins
In order to use more intricate rewriting and formatting methods in a modifier chain, you can add methods to a module and embed it in a grammar using the modifier classmethod.
Modifier methods accept a single argument representing the input string from the previous step in the expression chain and must return a string, representing the modified output.
module FullStop
def full_stop(input)
input << '.'
end
end
hello = Calyx::Grammar.new do
modifier FullStop
start '{hello.capitalize.full_stop}'
hello 'hello'
end
hello.generate
# => "Hello."
To share custom modifiers across multiple grammars, you can include the module in Calyx::Modifiers. This will make the methods available to all subsequent instances:
module FullStop
def full_stop(input)
input << '.'
end
end
class Calyx::Modifiers
include FullStop
end
Monkeypatching String
Alternatively, you can combine methods from existing Gems that monkeypatch String:
require 'indefinite_article'
module FullStop
def full_stop
self << '.'
end
end
class String
include FullStop
end
noun_articles = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start '{fruit.with_indefinite_article.capitalize.full_stop}'
fruit 'apple', 'orange', 'banana', 'pear'
end
4.times { noun_articles.generate }
# => "An apple."
# => "An orange."
# => "A banana."
# => "A pear."
Memoized Rules
Rule expansions can be ‘memoized’ so that multiple references to the same rule return the same value. This is useful for picking a noun from a list and reusing it in multiple places within a text.
The @ sigil is used to mark memoized rules. This evaluates the rule and stores it in memory the first time it’s referenced. All subsequent references to the memoized rule use the same stored value.
# Without memoization
grammar = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start '{name} <{name.downcase}>'
name 'Daenerys', 'Tyrion', 'Jon'
end
3.times { grammar.generate }
# => Daenerys <jon>
# => Tyrion <daenerys>
# => Jon <tyrion>
# With memoization
grammar = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start '{@name} <{@name.downcase}>'
name 'Daenerys', 'Tyrion', 'Jon'
end
3.times { grammar.generate }
# => Tyrion <tyrion>
# => Daenerys <daenerys>
# => Jon <jon>
Note that the memoization symbol can only be used on the right hand side of a production rule.
Unique Rules
Rule expansions can be marked as ‘unique’, meaning that multiple references to the same rule always return a different value. This is useful for situations where the same result appearing twice would appear awkward and messy.
Unique rules are marked by the $ sigil.
grammar = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start "{$medal}, {$medal}, {$medal}"
medal 'Gold', 'Silver', 'Bronze'
end
grammar.generate
# => Silver, Bronze, Gold
Dynamically Constructing Rules
Template expansions can be dynamically constructed at runtime by passing a context map of rules to the #generate method:
class AppGreeting < Calyx::Grammar
start 'Hi {username}!', 'Welcome back {username}...', 'Hola {username}'
end
context = {
username: UserModel.username
}
greeting = AppGreeting.new
greeting.generate(context)
External File Formats
In addition to defining grammars in pure Ruby, you can load them from external JSON and YAML files:
hello = Calyx::Grammar.load('hello.yml')
hello.generate
The format requires a flat map with keys representing the left-hand side named symbols and the values representing the right hand side substitution rules.
In JSON:
{
"start": "{greeting} world.",
"greeting": ["Hello", "Hi", "Hey", "Yo"]
}
In YAML:
---
start: "{greeting} world."
greeting:
- Hello
- Hi
- Hey
- Yo
Accessing the Raw Generated Tree
Calling #evaluate on the grammar instance will give you access to the raw generated tree structure before it gets flattened into a string.
The tree is encoded as an array of nested arrays, with the leading symbols labeling the choices and rules selected, and the trailing terminal leaves encoding string values.
This may not make a lot of sense unless you’re familiar with the concept of s-expressions. It’s a fairly speculative feature at this stage, but it leads to some interesting possibilities.
grammar = Calyx::Grammar.new do
start 'Riddle me ree.'
end
grammar.evaluate
# => [:start, [:choice, [:concat, [[:atom, "Riddle me ree."]]]]]
Roadmap
Rough plan for stabilising the API and features for a 1.0 release.
| Version | Features planned |
|---|---|
0.6 | |
0.7 | |
0.8 | |
0.9 | |
0.10 | |
0.11 | |
0.12 | |
0.13 | |
0.14 | |
0.15 | |
0.16 | |
0.17 | |
Credits
Author & Maintainer
Contributors
Author: Maetl
Source Code: https://github.com/maetl/calyx
License: MIT license
1595225473
Features incorporate in your Twitter clone script
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Pin tweets
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Twitter moments
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Notifications
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