Understanding Worker Threads in Node.js

To understand Workers, first, it’s necessary to understand how Node.js is structured.

When a Node.js process is launched, it runs:

• One process
• One thread
• One event loop
• One JS Engine Instance
• One Node.js Instance

One process: a process is a global object that can be accessed anywhere and has information about what’s being executed at a time.

One thread: being single-threaded means that only one set of instructions is executed at a time in a given process.

One event loop: this is one of the most important aspects to understand about Node. It’s what allows Node to be asynchronous and have non-blocking I/O, — despite the fact that JavaScript is single-threaded — by offloading operations to the system kernel whenever possible through callbacks, promises and async/await.

One JS Engine Instance: this is a computer program that executes JavaScript code.

One Node.js Instance: the computer program that executes Node.js code.

In other words, Node runs on a single thread, and there is just one process happening at a time in the event loop. One code, one execution, (the code is not executed in parallel). This is very useful because it simplifies how you use JavaScriptwithout worrying about concurrency issues.

The reason it was built with that approach is that JavaScript was initially created for client-side interactions (like web page interactions, or form validation) – nothing that required the complexity of multithreading.

But, as with all things, there is a downside: if you have CPU-intensive code, like complex calculations in a large dataset taking place in-memory, it can block other processes from being executed. Similarly, If you are making a request to a server that has CPU-intensive code, that code can block the event loop and prevent other requests of being handled.

A function is considered “blocking” if the main event loop must wait until it has finished executing the next command. A “Non-blocking” function will allow the main event loop to continue as soon as it begins and typically alerts the main loop once it has finished by calling a “callback”.

The golden rule: don’t block the event loop, try to keep it running it and pay attention and avoid anything that could block the thread like synchronous network calls or infinite loops.

It’s important to differentiate between CPU operations and I/O (input/output) operations. As mentioned earlier, the code of Node.js is NOT executed in parallel. Only I/O operations are run in parallel, because they are executed asynchronously.

So Worker Threads will not help much with I/O-intensive work because asynchronous I/O operations are more efficient than Workers can be. The main goal of Workers is to improve the performance on CPU-intensive operations not I/O operations.

Some solutions

Furthermore, there are already solutions for CPU intensive operations: multiple processes (like cluster API) that make sure that the CPU is optimally used.

This approach is advantageous because it allows isolation of processes, so if something goes wrong in one process, it doesn’t affect the others. They also have stability and identical APIs. However, this means sacrificing shared memory, and the communication of data must be via JSON.

JavaScript and Node.js will never have threads, this is why:

So, people might think that adding a new module in Node.js core will allow us to create and sync threads, thus solving the problem of CPU-intensive operations.

Well, no, not really. If threads are added, the nature of the language itself will change. It’s not possible to add threads as a new set of available classes or functions. In languages that support multithreading (like Java), keywords such as “synchronized” help to enable multiple threads to sync.

Also, some numeric types are not atomic, meaning that if you don’t synchronize them, you could end up having two threads changing the value of a variable and resulting that after both threads have accessed it, the variable has a few bytes changed by one thread and a few bytes changed by the other thread and thus, not resulting in any valid value. For example, in the simple operation of 0.1 + 0.2 has 17 decimals in JavaScript (the maximum number of decimals).

var x = 0.1 + 0.2; // x will be 0.30000000000000004

But floating point arithmetic is not always 100% accurate. So if not synchronized, one decimal may get changed using Workers, resulting in non-identical numbers.

The best solution:

The best solution for CPU performance is Worker Threads. Browsers have had the concept of Workers for a long time.

Instead of having:

• One process
• One thread
• One event loop
• One JS Engine Instance
• One Node.js Instance

Worker threads have:

• One process
• Multiple threads
• One event loop per thread
• One JS Engine Instance per thread
• One Node.js Instance per thread

As we can see in the following image:

The worker_threads module enables the use of threads that execute JavaScript in parallel. To access it:

const worker = require('worker_threads');

Worker Threads have been available since Node.js 10, but are still in the experimental phase.

What is ideal, is to have multiple Node.js instances inside the same process. With Worker threads, a thread can end at some point and it’s not necessarily the end of the parent process. It’s not a good practice for resources that were allocated by a Worker to hang around when the Worker is gone-- that’s a memory leak, and we don’t want that. We want to embed Node.js into itself, give Node.js the ability to create a new thread and then create a new Node.js instance inside that thread; essentially running independent threads inside the same process.

What makes Worker Threads special:

• ArrayBuffers to transfer memory from one thread to another
• SharedArrayBuffer that will be accessible from either thread. It lets you share memory between threads (limited to binary data).
• Atomics available, it lets you do some processes concurrently, more efficiently and allows you to implement conditions variables in JavaScript
• MessagePort, used for communicating between different threads. It can be used to transfer structured data, memory regions and other MessagePorts between different Workers.
• MessageChannel represents an asynchronous, two-way communications channel used for communicating between different threads.
• WorkerData is used to pass startup data. An arbitrary JavaScript value that contains a clone of the data passed to this thread’s Worker constructor. The data is cloned as if using postMessage()

API

• const { worker, parentPort } = require(‘worker_threads’) => The worker class represents an independent JavaScript execution thread and the parentPort is an instance of the message port
• new Worker(filename) or new Worker(code, { eval: true }) => are the two main ways of starting a worker (passing the filename or the code that you want to execute). It’s advisable to use the filename in production.
• worker.on(‘message’), worker/postMessage(data) => for listening to messages and sending them between the different threads.
• parentPort.on(‘message’), parentPort.postMessage(data) => Messages sent using parentPort.postMessage() will be available in the parent thread using worker.on('message'), and messages sent from the parent thread using worker.postMessage() will be available in this thread using parentPort.on('message').

EXAMPLE:

const { Worker } = require('worker_threads');

const worker = new Worker(`
const { parentPort } = require('worker_threads');
parentPort.once('message',
    message => parentPort.postMessage({ pong: message }));  
`, { eval: true });
worker.on('message', message => console.log(message));      
worker.postMessage('ping');  

$ node --experimental-worker test.js
{ pong: ‘ping’ }

Example by Anna Henningsen

What this essentially does is create a new thread using a new Worker, the code inside the Worker is listening for a message on parentPort and once it receives the message, it is going to post the message back to the main thread.

You have to use the --experimental-worker because Workers are still experimental.

Another example:

    const {
      Worker, isMainThread, parentPort, workerData
    } = require('worker_threads');

    if (isMainThread) {
      module.exports = function parseJSAsync(script) {
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          const worker = new Worker(filename, {
            workerData: script
          });
          worker.on('message', resolve);
          worker.on('error', reject);
          worker.on('exit', (code) => {
            if (code !== 0)
              reject(new Error(`Worker stopped with exit code ${code}`));
          });
        });
      };
    } else {
      const { parse } = require('some-js-parsing-library');
      const script = workerData;
      parentPort.postMessage(parse(script));
    }

It requires:

• Worker: the class that represents an independent JavaScript execution thread.
• isMainThread: a boolean that is true if the code is not running inside of a Worker thread.
• parentPort: the MessagePort allowing communication with the parent thread If this thread was spawned as a Worker.
• workerData: An arbitrary JavaScript value that contains a clone of the data passed to this thread’s Worker constructor.

In actual practice for these kinds of tasks, use a pool of Workers instead. Otherwise, the overhead of creating Workers would likely exceed their benefit.

What is expected for Workers (hopefully):

• Passing native handles around (e.g. sockets, http request)
• Deadlock detection. Deadlock is a situation where a set of processes are blocked because each process is holding a resource and waiting for another resource acquired by some other process. Deadlock detention will be useful for Worker threads in this case.
• More isolation, so if one process is affected, it won’t affect others.

What NOT to expect for Workers:

• Don’t think Workers make everything magically faster, in some cases is better to use Worker pool
• Don’t use Workers for parallelizing I/O operations.
• Don’t think spawning Workers is cheap

Final notes:

The contributors to Workers in Node.js are looking for feedback, if you have used Workers before and want to contribute, you can leave your feedback here

Workers have chrome DevTools support to inspect Workers in Node.js.

And worker_threads is a promising experimental module if you need to do CPU-intensive tasks in your Node.js application. Keep in mind that it’s still experimental, so it is advisable to wait before using it in production. For now, you can use Worker pools instead.

#node-js #javascript

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Hire Dedicated Node.js Developers - Hire Node.js Developers

If you look at the backend technology used by today’s most popular apps there is one thing you would find common among them and that is the use of NodeJS Framework. Yes, the NodeJS framework is that effective and successful.

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Why use Node.js for Web Development? Benefits and Examples of Apps

Front-end web development has been overwhelmed by JavaScript highlights for quite a long time. Google, Facebook, Wikipedia, and most of all online pages use JS for customer side activities. As of late, it additionally made a shift to cross-platform mobile development as a main technology in React Native, Nativescript, Apache Cordova, and other crossover devices. 

Throughout the most recent couple of years, Node.js moved to backend development as well. Designers need to utilize a similar tech stack for the whole web project without learning another language for server-side development. Node.js is a device that adjusts JS usefulness and syntax to the backend. 

What is Node.js? 

Node.js isn’t a language, or library, or system. It’s a runtime situation: commonly JavaScript needs a program to work, however Node.js makes appropriate settings for JS to run outside of the program. It’s based on a JavaScript V8 motor that can run in Chrome, different programs, or independently. 

The extent of V8 is to change JS program situated code into machine code — so JS turns into a broadly useful language and can be perceived by servers. This is one of the advantages of utilizing Node.js in web application development: it expands the usefulness of JavaScript, permitting designers to coordinate the language with APIs, different languages, and outside libraries.

What Are the Advantages of Node.js Web Application Development? 

Of late, organizations have been effectively changing from their backend tech stacks to Node.js. LinkedIn picked Node.js over Ruby on Rails since it took care of expanding responsibility better and decreased the quantity of servers by multiple times. PayPal and Netflix did something comparative, just they had a goal to change their design to microservices. We should investigate the motivations to pick Node.JS for web application development and when we are planning to hire node js developers. 

Amazing Tech Stack for Web Development 

The principal thing that makes Node.js a go-to environment for web development is its JavaScript legacy. It’s the most well known language right now with a great many free devices and a functioning local area. Node.js, because of its association with JS, immediately rose in ubiquity — presently it has in excess of 368 million downloads and a great many free tools in the bundle module. 

Alongside prevalence, Node.js additionally acquired the fundamental JS benefits: 

• quick execution and information preparing; 
• exceptionally reusable code; 
• the code is not difficult to learn, compose, read, and keep up; 
• tremendous asset library, a huge number of free aides, and a functioning local area. 

In addition, it’s a piece of a well known MEAN tech stack (the blend of MongoDB, Express.js, Angular, and Node.js — four tools that handle all vital parts of web application development). 

Designers Can Utilize JavaScript for the Whole Undertaking 

This is perhaps the most clear advantage of Node.js web application development. JavaScript is an unquestionable requirement for web development. Regardless of whether you construct a multi-page or single-page application, you need to know JS well. On the off chance that you are now OK with JavaScript, learning Node.js won’t be an issue. Grammar, fundamental usefulness, primary standards — every one of these things are comparable. 

In the event that you have JS designers in your group, it will be simpler for them to learn JS-based Node than a totally new dialect. What’s more, the front-end and back-end codebase will be basically the same, simple to peruse, and keep up — in light of the fact that they are both JS-based. 

A Quick Environment for Microservice Development 

There’s another motivation behind why Node.js got famous so rapidly. The environment suits well the idea of microservice development (spilling stone monument usefulness into handfuls or many more modest administrations). 

Microservices need to speak with one another rapidly — and Node.js is probably the quickest device in information handling. Among the fundamental Node.js benefits for programming development are its non-obstructing algorithms.

Node.js measures a few demands all at once without trusting that the first will be concluded. Many microservices can send messages to one another, and they will be gotten and addressed all the while. 

Versatile Web Application Development 

Node.js was worked in view of adaptability — its name really says it. The environment permits numerous hubs to run all the while and speak with one another. Here’s the reason Node.js adaptability is better than other web backend development arrangements. 

Node.js has a module that is liable for load adjusting for each running CPU center. This is one of numerous Node.js module benefits: you can run various hubs all at once, and the environment will naturally adjust the responsibility. 

Node.js permits even apportioning: you can part your application into various situations. You show various forms of the application to different clients, in light of their age, interests, area, language, and so on. This builds personalization and diminishes responsibility. Hub accomplishes this with kid measures — tasks that rapidly speak with one another and share a similar root. 

What’s more, Node’s non-hindering solicitation handling framework adds to fast, letting applications measure a great many solicitations. 

Control Stream Highlights

Numerous designers consider nonconcurrent to be one of the two impediments and benefits of Node.js web application development. In Node, at whatever point the capacity is executed, the code consequently sends a callback. As the quantity of capacities develops, so does the number of callbacks — and you end up in a circumstance known as the callback damnation. 

In any case, Node.js offers an exit plan. You can utilize systems that will plan capacities and sort through callbacks. Systems will associate comparable capacities consequently — so you can track down an essential component via search or in an envelope. At that point, there’s no compelling reason to look through callbacks.

 

Final Words

So, these are some of the top benefits of Nodejs in web application development. This is how Nodejs is contributing a lot to the field of web application development. 

I hope now you are totally aware of the whole process of how Nodejs is really important for your web project. If you are looking to hire a node js development company in India then I would suggest that you take a little consultancy too whenever you call. 

Good Luck!

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Node JS Development Company| Node JS Web Developers-SISGAIN

Top organizations and start-ups hire Node.js developers from SISGAIN for their strategic software development projects in Illinois, USA. On the off chance that you are searching for a first rate innovation to assemble a constant Node.js web application development or a module, Node.js applications are the most appropriate alternative to pick. As Leading Node.js development company, we leverage our profound information on its segments and convey solutions that bring noteworthy business results. For more information email us at hello@sisgain.com

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Top 10 NodeJs app Development Companies- ValueCoders

Node.js is a prominent tech trend in the space of web and mobile application development. It has been proven very efficient and useful for a variety of application development. Thus, all business owners are eager to leverage this technology for creating their applications.

Are you striving to develop an application using Node.js? But can’t decide which company to hire for NodeJS app development? Well! Don’t stress over it, as the following list of NodeJS app development companies is going to help you find the best partner.

Let’s take a glance at top NodeJS application development companies to hire developers in 2021 for developing a mind-blowing application solution.

Before enlisting companies, I would like to say that every company has a foundation on which they thrive. Their end goals, qualities, and excellence define their competence. Thus, I prepared this list by considering a number of aspects. While making this list, I have considered the following aspects:

• Review and rating
• Enlisted by software peer & forums
• Hourly price
• Offered services
• Year of experience (Average 8+ years)
• Credibility & Excellence
• Served clients and more

I believe this list will help you out in choosing the best NodeJS service provider company. So, now let’s explore the top NodeJS developer companies to choose from in 2021.

#1. JSGuru

JSGuru is a top-rated NodeJS app development company with an innovative team of dedicated NodeJS developers engaged in catering best-class UI/UX design, software products, and AWS professional services.

It is a team of one of the most talented developers to hire for all types of innovative solution development, including social media, dating, enterprise, and business-oriented solutions. The company has worked for years with a number of startups and launched a variety of products by collaborating with big-name corporations like T-systems.

If you want to hire NodeJS developers to secure an outstanding application, I would definitely suggest them. They serve in the area of eLearning, FinTech, eCommerce, Telecommunications, Mobile Device Management, and more.

• Ratings: 4.9/5.0

• Founded: 2006

• Headquarters: Banja Luka, Bosnia, and Herzegovina

• Price: Starting from $50/hour

Visit Website - https://www.valuecoders.com/blog/technology-and-apps/top-node-js-app-development-companies

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Node JS Development Company | Hire Node.js Developers

The NineHertz promises to develop a pro-active and easy solution for your enterprise. It has reached the heights in Node js web development and is considered as one of the top-notch Node js development company across the globe.

The NineHertz aims to design a best Node js development solution to improve their branding status and business profit.

Looking to hire the leading Node js development company?

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