1615879335
What is Apron Network (APN) | What is Apron Network token | What is APN token
Introduction
What is the web 3.0 world? Unless you’ve been living under a rock these past few years you would have definitely heard of web 3.0, it can be defined as a overturning world-wide-web which can be read access by computers, devised to be coordinated and classified by more than just people. Blockchain and related technologies are achieving — driving us towards a world where users have more control, a deeper sense of the software they interact with.
And what is the apron network? It’s created and used as a decentralized infrastructure service based on blockchain technology runs for APP developers, general users and infrastructure operators. It provides the trust mechanism and platform which could enable to connect into web 3.0 with more control and safety.
Explaining of Substrate/Polkadot integration
Apron sdk
Application developers can quickly encrypt application network access and communications data by simply integrating with the Dynamic equilibrium, not only can be used on the Web, but also in the PC, mobile integration in a native way.
Apron market
Matching infrastructure services to the demands of DAPP developers is the essence of what makes the Web 3.0 portal visible and usable within the Apron Network.
Apron node
The Apron Node is the component Node of the Apron Network, developed using the Substrate framework, with OCW enabled.
Decentralized Infrastructure Service Network for Polkadot Ecosystem
We have witnessed a huge growth of the Ethereum network, there is a great contribution made by participants which are the node operators who sustain the whole Ethereum operation. Maintenance-consumed and energy-wasted on the node operation is not unknown to the community, gradually each of them focus on its specific field and less people is willing to public the node services. Lately, Infura outage, more than 10 billions of daily request paralysis, Ethereum, a decentralized network who relies on centralized node service. In our point of view, many node services can do the same for DApp developers. But People just not keen to run because it needs to define and implement a standardized service interface, besides clients(DApp developers) would have to cost energy.
So based above reason we built Apron Network. It is a decentralized infrastructure service platform, also can be considered as the traditional infrastructure platform like AWS(Amazon Website Service), Alicloud, etc. We will integrate various API services that lean towards infrastructure service providers and provide middle-tier services for DApp& Defi developers.
Key Services&Modules:
1.Apron node
Apron node to enable service providers publicly available and on-chain by one-button deployment, through the OCW(off-chain worker) Synchronize usage, billing for developers and benefits for providers.
2. Apron Market
Apron Marketis a service discovery platform, also it can be considered as the smart contract. It matches the services provided by infrastructure service providers with the demands of DApp developers. Once on-chain completed, Apron nodes will synchronize infrastructure service data and usage to the smart contract. Following that, the smart contract execute service. Additionally, we help them searching target developers through the Apron Market.
3. Apron Market
The function of Apron SDK is to conduct connection dynamic balance and communication data encryption between Apron Nodes. DApp developers only need to integrate the Apron SDK in the application to quickly achieve dynamic balance of application network access and communication data encryption. Not only can it be used on the Web, it can also be integrated natively on the PC and mobile phone.
to help node service providers migrating service from the existing service usage to the Apron Network.
Certainly, we provide other services like data indexing service on-chain just like The Graph; a part of Oracle’s functions like Price feeds and random numbers, etc.
Future:
If you analyzed the future value of the Apron, at the forthcoming years that we obtained sufficient public chain connections and a large variety of service providers, Apron will allow DApp interact on multi-protocols. In addition to Polkadot, developers can also use Ethereum, BSC, Filecoin, Helium and Layer2, etc. Offering its faster & safe infrastructure services for DApp developers, DApp users and infrastructure operators. We believe any developers which engaging with Apron can bring further cross-chain innovation in a cost-saving way among multi-blockchain ecosystem.
More details on each of services will follow as separate articles in weeks to come.
Apron Network Token Economy and Token Utility
Apron network is a decentralized platform for dApp users, dApp developers, and operators to provide infrastructure service. It is built on Substrate and it can operate as a parachain on Kusama/Polkadot. Apron Network provides node service, on-chain data indexing service, random numbers and price feed. It can also be described as “Apron = Api3 + Infura + Graph”.
As the foundation of Web 3.0, the Apron Network would become the new gateway to Web 3.0 by ensuring the freedom of individual choice, making the Web3.0 world accessible to any participant.
Introducing Apron Network Token Utility
APN is the native utility token of Apron Network. The service provider earn APN as a reward for what they provide to the Network. The APN holder reward algorithm introduces difficulty adjustment and reward attenuation mechanism to reflect the real demand and therefore maintain the long-term stability of the system. The service call may charge a certain amount of gas fee and service fee. While the gas fee will be charged automatically depending on the current network usage, it is the service provider who sets what amount to charge for the service fee, therefore anchors the intrinsic value of the APN token. Part of the fee collected will be burnt after the deal is finalized to ensure the stability of APN token value.
APN is introduced mainly in the following scenarios:
Service Assurance: node providers need to stake APN as the service assurance fee. When node service incurred a bad behavior, the service assurance fees may be confiscated depending on the result of arbitration. Service nodes will also receive proportional rewards relative to the staking condition and service duration.
Service Usage：DApp developers need to pay a certain amount of APN as the service fee in order to use the existing services in the Apron marketplace.
Community Governance: Apron DAO is the organization of governance of the Apron Network. Only by holding APN can one participate in community governance on Apron Network through voting to make decisions regarding protocol upgrade etc.
Apron Network will implement the service reward mining mechanism to better motivate the early participants. The reward will be decided by three dimensions: time, service quality and staking proportion. The service provider can apply to open staking portal to its supporters. After the staking portal is opened, the APN holder can stake for the service provider, in turn receiving a share of the service fee based on the proportion their staking takes up in the pool. The supporters will also be vouching for the service provider, and the tokens staked by them will be forfeited if the service provider behaves wrongfully.
The incentive attenuation of APN is not a radical design. Initial-stage miners and early APN holders enjoy an absolute contribution-rewards ratio while contributing to the future development of the Apron Network.
Apron Network token details
Token name: Apron
Token ticker: APN
Max supply: 1 billion APN
Seed round and Private round token sale
Out of the 600M tokens, a total of 150M tokens(max of supply 15%) will be sold on the seed and private sale round
Seed sale(closed):
Tokens sold: 60M Token price: $0.005
25% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens in 12 months.
1st round Private sale(ongoing):
Tokens sale: 60M Token price: $0.015
30% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens in 12 months.
2nd round Private sale(unstarted) (a part of tokens for communities)
Tokens sale: 30M Token price: $0.02
30% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens in 12 months.
Team Allocation
50M of tokens(max 5% of supply) will be distributed among founders, team members, etc.
These tokens have a lock-in of 6 months from listing and will distribute 15% every 6 months.
Ecosystem Construction
170M of tokens(max 17% of supply) will be held by foundation, unlock when needed.
Consultant
30M of tokens(max 3% of supply) will be distributed to advisors.
5% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens within 12 months.
Mining
600M(max 60% of supply) will be distributed to miners. Linear release based on mining time and number of nodes.
Initial Circulating Supply
The initial circulating supply will be around 42M. The breakdown will be as follows:
25% of Seed sale tokens: 15M
30% of 1st round of Private Sale tokens: 18M
30% of 2nd round of Private sale tokens: 9M
Would you like to earn many tokens and cryptocurrencies right now! ☞ CLICK HERE
How and Where to Buy Apron Network (APN)?
You will have to first buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)…
We will use Binance Exchange here as it is one of the largest crypto exchanges that accept fiat deposits.
Binance is a popular cryptocurrency exchange which was started in China but then moved their headquarters to the crypto-friendly Island of Malta in the EU. Binance is popular for its crypto to crypto exchange services. Binance exploded onto the scene in the mania of 2017 and has since gone on to become the top crypto exchange in the world.
Once you finished the KYC process. You will be asked to add a payment method. Here you can either choose to provide a credit/debit card or use a bank transfer, and buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)
Step by Step Guide : What is Binance | How to Create an account on Binance (Updated 2021)
Next step - Transfer your cryptos to an Altcoin Exchange
After the deposit is confirmed you may then purchase APN from the exchange: huobi
There are a few popular crypto exchanges where they have decent daily trading volumes and a huge user base. This will ensure you will be able to sell your coins at any time and the fees will usually be lower. It is suggested that you also register on these exchanges since once APN gets listed there it will attract a large amount of trading volumes from the users there, that means you will be having some great trading opportunities!
Top exchanges for token-coin trading. Follow instructions and make unlimited money
☞ https://www.binance.com
☞ https://www.bittrex.com
☞ https://www.poloniex.com
☞ https://www.bitfinex.com
☞ https://www.huobi.com
☞ https://www.mxc.ai
☞ https://www.probit.com
☞ https://www.gate.io
☞ https://www.coinbase.com
Find more information APN
☞ Website ☞ Whitepaper ☞ Source Code ☞ Social Channel ☞ Social Channel 3 ☞ Message Board ☞ Message Board 2 ☞ Coinmarketcap
🔺DISCLAIMER: Trading Cryptocurrency is VERY risky. Make sure that you understand these risks if you are a beginner. The Information in the post is my OPINION and not financial advice. You are responsible for what you do with your funds
Learn about Cryptocurrency in this article ☞ What You Should Know Before Investing in Cryptocurrency - For Beginner
I hope this post will help you. If you liked this, please sharing it with others. Thank you!
#blockchain #bitcoin #apron network #apn
What is GEEK
Buddha Community
1615879335
What is Apron Network (APN) | What is Apron Network token | What is APN token
Introduction
What is the web 3.0 world? Unless you’ve been living under a rock these past few years you would have definitely heard of web 3.0, it can be defined as a overturning world-wide-web which can be read access by computers, devised to be coordinated and classified by more than just people. Blockchain and related technologies are achieving — driving us towards a world where users have more control, a deeper sense of the software they interact with.
And what is the apron network? It’s created and used as a decentralized infrastructure service based on blockchain technology runs for APP developers, general users and infrastructure operators. It provides the trust mechanism and platform which could enable to connect into web 3.0 with more control and safety.
Explaining of Substrate/Polkadot integration
Apron sdk
Application developers can quickly encrypt application network access and communications data by simply integrating with the Dynamic equilibrium, not only can be used on the Web, but also in the PC, mobile integration in a native way.
Apron market
Matching infrastructure services to the demands of DAPP developers is the essence of what makes the Web 3.0 portal visible and usable within the Apron Network.
Apron node
The Apron Node is the component Node of the Apron Network, developed using the Substrate framework, with OCW enabled.
Decentralized Infrastructure Service Network for Polkadot Ecosystem
We have witnessed a huge growth of the Ethereum network, there is a great contribution made by participants which are the node operators who sustain the whole Ethereum operation. Maintenance-consumed and energy-wasted on the node operation is not unknown to the community, gradually each of them focus on its specific field and less people is willing to public the node services. Lately, Infura outage, more than 10 billions of daily request paralysis, Ethereum, a decentralized network who relies on centralized node service. In our point of view, many node services can do the same for DApp developers. But People just not keen to run because it needs to define and implement a standardized service interface, besides clients(DApp developers) would have to cost energy.
So based above reason we built Apron Network. It is a decentralized infrastructure service platform, also can be considered as the traditional infrastructure platform like AWS(Amazon Website Service), Alicloud, etc. We will integrate various API services that lean towards infrastructure service providers and provide middle-tier services for DApp& Defi developers.
Key Services&Modules:
1.Apron node
Apron node to enable service providers publicly available and on-chain by one-button deployment, through the OCW(off-chain worker) Synchronize usage, billing for developers and benefits for providers.
2. Apron Market
Apron Marketis a service discovery platform, also it can be considered as the smart contract. It matches the services provided by infrastructure service providers with the demands of DApp developers. Once on-chain completed, Apron nodes will synchronize infrastructure service data and usage to the smart contract. Following that, the smart contract execute service. Additionally, we help them searching target developers through the Apron Market.
3. Apron Market
The function of Apron SDK is to conduct connection dynamic balance and communication data encryption between Apron Nodes. DApp developers only need to integrate the Apron SDK in the application to quickly achieve dynamic balance of application network access and communication data encryption. Not only can it be used on the Web, it can also be integrated natively on the PC and mobile phone.
to help node service providers migrating service from the existing service usage to the Apron Network.
Certainly, we provide other services like data indexing service on-chain just like The Graph; a part of Oracle’s functions like Price feeds and random numbers, etc.
Future:
If you analyzed the future value of the Apron, at the forthcoming years that we obtained sufficient public chain connections and a large variety of service providers, Apron will allow DApp interact on multi-protocols. In addition to Polkadot, developers can also use Ethereum, BSC, Filecoin, Helium and Layer2, etc. Offering its faster & safe infrastructure services for DApp developers, DApp users and infrastructure operators. We believe any developers which engaging with Apron can bring further cross-chain innovation in a cost-saving way among multi-blockchain ecosystem.
More details on each of services will follow as separate articles in weeks to come.
Apron Network Token Economy and Token Utility
Apron network is a decentralized platform for dApp users, dApp developers, and operators to provide infrastructure service. It is built on Substrate and it can operate as a parachain on Kusama/Polkadot. Apron Network provides node service, on-chain data indexing service, random numbers and price feed. It can also be described as “Apron = Api3 + Infura + Graph”.
As the foundation of Web 3.0, the Apron Network would become the new gateway to Web 3.0 by ensuring the freedom of individual choice, making the Web3.0 world accessible to any participant.
Introducing Apron Network Token Utility
APN is the native utility token of Apron Network. The service provider earn APN as a reward for what they provide to the Network. The APN holder reward algorithm introduces difficulty adjustment and reward attenuation mechanism to reflect the real demand and therefore maintain the long-term stability of the system. The service call may charge a certain amount of gas fee and service fee. While the gas fee will be charged automatically depending on the current network usage, it is the service provider who sets what amount to charge for the service fee, therefore anchors the intrinsic value of the APN token. Part of the fee collected will be burnt after the deal is finalized to ensure the stability of APN token value.
APN is introduced mainly in the following scenarios:
Service Assurance: node providers need to stake APN as the service assurance fee. When node service incurred a bad behavior, the service assurance fees may be confiscated depending on the result of arbitration. Service nodes will also receive proportional rewards relative to the staking condition and service duration.
Service Usage：DApp developers need to pay a certain amount of APN as the service fee in order to use the existing services in the Apron marketplace.
Community Governance: Apron DAO is the organization of governance of the Apron Network. Only by holding APN can one participate in community governance on Apron Network through voting to make decisions regarding protocol upgrade etc.
Apron Network will implement the service reward mining mechanism to better motivate the early participants. The reward will be decided by three dimensions: time, service quality and staking proportion. The service provider can apply to open staking portal to its supporters. After the staking portal is opened, the APN holder can stake for the service provider, in turn receiving a share of the service fee based on the proportion their staking takes up in the pool. The supporters will also be vouching for the service provider, and the tokens staked by them will be forfeited if the service provider behaves wrongfully.
The incentive attenuation of APN is not a radical design. Initial-stage miners and early APN holders enjoy an absolute contribution-rewards ratio while contributing to the future development of the Apron Network.
Apron Network token details
Token name: Apron
Token ticker: APN
Max supply: 1 billion APN
Seed round and Private round token sale
Out of the 600M tokens, a total of 150M tokens(max of supply 15%) will be sold on the seed and private sale round
Seed sale(closed):
Tokens sold: 60M Token price: $0.005
25% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens in 12 months.
1st round Private sale(ongoing):
Tokens sale: 60M Token price: $0.015
30% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens in 12 months.
2nd round Private sale(unstarted) (a part of tokens for communities)
Tokens sale: 30M Token price: $0.02
30% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens in 12 months.
Team Allocation
50M of tokens(max 5% of supply) will be distributed among founders, team members, etc.
These tokens have a lock-in of 6 months from listing and will distribute 15% every 6 months.
Ecosystem Construction
170M of tokens(max 17% of supply) will be held by foundation, unlock when needed.
Consultant
30M of tokens(max 3% of supply) will be distributed to advisors.
5% unlock upon listing, followed by daily unlock of all the remaining tokens within 12 months.
Mining
600M(max 60% of supply) will be distributed to miners. Linear release based on mining time and number of nodes.
Initial Circulating Supply
The initial circulating supply will be around 42M. The breakdown will be as follows:
25% of Seed sale tokens: 15M
30% of 1st round of Private Sale tokens: 18M
30% of 2nd round of Private sale tokens: 9M
Would you like to earn many tokens and cryptocurrencies right now! ☞ CLICK HERE
How and Where to Buy Apron Network (APN)?
You will have to first buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)…
We will use Binance Exchange here as it is one of the largest crypto exchanges that accept fiat deposits.
Binance is a popular cryptocurrency exchange which was started in China but then moved their headquarters to the crypto-friendly Island of Malta in the EU. Binance is popular for its crypto to crypto exchange services. Binance exploded onto the scene in the mania of 2017 and has since gone on to become the top crypto exchange in the world.
Once you finished the KYC process. You will be asked to add a payment method. Here you can either choose to provide a credit/debit card or use a bank transfer, and buy one of the major cryptocurrencies, usually either Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), Tether (USDT)
Step by Step Guide : What is Binance | How to Create an account on Binance (Updated 2021)
Next step - Transfer your cryptos to an Altcoin Exchange
After the deposit is confirmed you may then purchase APN from the exchange: huobi
There are a few popular crypto exchanges where they have decent daily trading volumes and a huge user base. This will ensure you will be able to sell your coins at any time and the fees will usually be lower. It is suggested that you also register on these exchanges since once APN gets listed there it will attract a large amount of trading volumes from the users there, that means you will be having some great trading opportunities!
Top exchanges for token-coin trading. Follow instructions and make unlimited money
☞ https://www.binance.com
☞ https://www.bittrex.com
☞ https://www.poloniex.com
☞ https://www.bitfinex.com
☞ https://www.huobi.com
☞ https://www.mxc.ai
☞ https://www.probit.com
☞ https://www.gate.io
☞ https://www.coinbase.com
Find more information APN
☞ Website ☞ Whitepaper ☞ Source Code ☞ Social Channel ☞ Social Channel 3 ☞ Message Board ☞ Message Board 2 ☞ Coinmarketcap
🔺DISCLAIMER: Trading Cryptocurrency is VERY risky. Make sure that you understand these risks if you are a beginner. The Information in the post is my OPINION and not financial advice. You are responsible for what you do with your funds
Learn about Cryptocurrency in this article ☞ What You Should Know Before Investing in Cryptocurrency - For Beginner
I hope this post will help you. If you liked this, please sharing it with others. Thank you!
#blockchain #bitcoin #apron network #apn
1658068560
WordsCounted: A Ruby Natural Language Processor
WordsCounted
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.
-- Oscar Wilde
WordsCounted is a Ruby NLP (natural language processor). WordsCounted lets you implement powerful tokensation strategies with a very flexible tokeniser class.
Features
- Out of the box, get the following data from any string or readable file, or URL:
- Token count and unique token count
- Token densities, frequencies, and lengths
- Char count and average chars per token
- The longest tokens and their lengths
- The most frequent tokens and their frequencies.
- A flexible way to exclude tokens from the tokeniser. You can pass a string, regexp, symbol, lambda, or an array of any combination of those types for powerful tokenisation strategies.
- Pass your own regexp rules to the tokeniser if you prefer. The default regexp filters special characters but keeps hyphens and apostrophes. It also plays nicely with diacritics (UTF and unicode characters): Bayrūt is treated as
["Bayrūt"]and not["Bayr", "ū", "t"], for example. - Opens and reads files. Pass in a file path or a url instead of a string.
Installation
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'words_counted'
And then execute:
$ bundle
Or install it yourself as:
$ gem install words_counted
Usage
Pass in a string or a file path, and an optional filter and/or regexp.
counter = WordsCounted.count(
"We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars."
)
# Using a file
counter = WordsCounted.from_file("path/or/url/to/my/file.txt")
.count and .from_file are convenience methods that take an input, tokenise it, and return an instance of WordsCounted::Counter initialized with the tokens. The WordsCounted::Tokeniser and WordsCounted::Counter classes can be used alone, however.
API
WordsCounted
WordsCounted.count(input, options = {})
Tokenises input and initializes a WordsCounted::Counter object with the resulting tokens.
counter = WordsCounted.count("Hello Beirut!")
Accepts two options: exclude and regexp. See Excluding tokens from the analyser and Passing in a custom regexp respectively.
WordsCounted.from_file(path, options = {})
Reads and tokenises a file, and initializes a WordsCounted::Counter object with the resulting tokens.
counter = WordsCounted.from_file("hello_beirut.txt")
Accepts the same options as .count.
Tokeniser
The tokeniser allows you to tokenise text in a variety of ways. You can pass in your own rules for tokenisation, and apply a powerful filter with any combination of rules as long as they can boil down into a lambda.
Out of the box the tokeniser includes only alpha chars. Hyphenated tokens and tokens with apostrophes are considered a single token.
#tokenise([pattern: TOKEN_REGEXP, exclude: nil])
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("Hello Beirut!").tokenise
# With `exclude`
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("Hello Beirut!").tokenise(exclude: "hello")
# With `pattern`
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("I <3 Beirut!").tokenise(pattern: /[a-z]/i)
See Excluding tokens from the analyser and Passing in a custom regexp for more information.
Counter
The WordsCounted::Counter class allows you to collect various statistics from an array of tokens.
#token_count
Returns the token count of a given string.
counter.token_count #=> 15
#token_frequency
Returns a sorted (unstable) two-dimensional array where each element is a token and its frequency. The array is sorted by frequency in descending order.
counter.token_frequency
[
["the", 2],
["are", 2],
["we", 1],
# ...
["all", 1]
]
#most_frequent_tokens
Returns a hash where each key-value pair is a token and its frequency.
counter.most_frequent_tokens
{ "are" => 2, "the" => 2 }
#token_lengths
Returns a sorted (unstable) two-dimentional array where each element contains a token and its length. The array is sorted by length in descending order.
counter.token_lengths
[
["looking", 7],
["gutter", 6],
["stars", 5],
# ...
["in", 2]
]
#longest_tokens
Returns a hash where each key-value pair is a token and its length.
counter.longest_tokens
{ "looking" => 7 }
#token_density([ precision: 2 ])
Returns a sorted (unstable) two-dimentional array where each element contains a token and its density as a float, rounded to a precision of two. The array is sorted by density in descending order. It accepts a precision argument, which must be a float.
counter.token_density
[
["are", 0.13],
["the", 0.13],
["but", 0.07 ],
# ...
["we", 0.07 ]
]
#char_count
Returns the char count of tokens.
counter.char_count #=> 76
#average_chars_per_token([ precision: 2 ])
Returns the average char count per token rounded to two decimal places. Accepts a precision argument which defaults to two. Precision must be a float.
counter.average_chars_per_token #=> 4
#uniq_token_count
Returns the number of unique tokens.
counter.uniq_token_count #=> 13
Excluding tokens from the tokeniser
You can exclude anything you want from the input by passing the exclude option. The exclude option accepts a variety of filters and is extremely flexible.
- A space-delimited string. The filter will normalise the string.
- A regular expression.
- A lambda.
- A symbol that names a predicate method. For example
:odd?. - An array of any combination of the above.
tokeniser =
WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new(
"Magnificent! That was magnificent, Trevor."
)
# Using a string
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: "was magnificent")
# => ["that", "trevor"]
# Using a regular expression
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: /trevor/)
# => ["magnificent", "that", "was", "magnificent"]
# Using a lambda
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: ->(t) { t.length < 4 })
# => ["magnificent", "that", "magnificent", "trevor"]
# Using symbol
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("Hello! محمد")
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: :ascii_only?)
# => ["محمد"]
# Using an array
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new(
"Hello! اسماءنا هي محمد، كارولينا، سامي، وداني"
)
tokeniser.tokenise(
exclude: [:ascii_only?, /محمد/, ->(t) { t.length > 6}, "و"]
)
# => ["هي", "سامي", "وداني"]
Passing in a custom regexp
The default regexp accounts for letters, hyphenated tokens, and apostrophes. This means twenty-one is treated as one token. So is Mohamad's.
/[\p{Alpha}\-']+/
You can pass your own criteria as a Ruby regular expression to split your string as desired.
For example, if you wanted to include numbers, you can override the regular expression:
counter = WordsCounted.count("Numbers 1, 2, and 3", pattern: /[\p{Alnum}\-']+/)
counter.tokens
#=> ["numbers", "1", "2", "and", "3"]
Opening and reading files
Use the from_file method to open files. from_file accepts the same options as .count. The file path can be a URL.
counter = WordsCounted.from_file("url/or/path/to/file.text")
Gotchas
A hyphen used in leu of an em or en dash will form part of the token. This affects the tokeniser algorithm.
counter = WordsCounted.count("How do you do?-you are well, I see.")
counter.token_frequency
[
["do", 2],
["how", 1],
["you", 1],
["-you", 1], # WTF, mate!
["are", 1],
# ...
]
In this example -you and you are separate tokens. Also, the tokeniser does not include numbers by default. Remember that you can pass your own regular expression if the default behaviour does not fit your needs.
A note on case sensitivity
The program will normalise (downcase) all incoming strings for consistency and filters.
Roadmap
Ability to open URLs
def self.from_url
# open url and send string here after removing html
end
Are you using WordsCounted to do something interesting? Please tell me about it.
Demo
Visit this website for one example of what you can do with WordsCounted.
Contributors
See contributors.
Contributing
- Fork it
- Create your feature branch (
git checkout -b my-new-feature) - Commit your changes (
git commit -am 'Add some feature') - Push to the branch (
git push origin my-new-feature) - Create new Pull Request
Author: Abitdodgy
Source Code: https://github.com/abitdodgy/words_counted
License: MIT license
1659601560
Words Counted: A Ruby Natural Language Processor.
WordsCounted
We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars.
-- Oscar Wilde
WordsCounted is a Ruby NLP (natural language processor). WordsCounted lets you implement powerful tokensation strategies with a very flexible tokeniser class.
Are you using WordsCounted to do something interesting? Please tell me about it.
Demo
Visit this website for one example of what you can do with WordsCounted.
Features
- Out of the box, get the following data from any string or readable file, or URL:
- Token count and unique token count
- Token densities, frequencies, and lengths
- Char count and average chars per token
- The longest tokens and their lengths
- The most frequent tokens and their frequencies.
- A flexible way to exclude tokens from the tokeniser. You can pass a string, regexp, symbol, lambda, or an array of any combination of those types for powerful tokenisation strategies.
- Pass your own regexp rules to the tokeniser if you prefer. The default regexp filters special characters but keeps hyphens and apostrophes. It also plays nicely with diacritics (UTF and unicode characters): Bayrūt is treated as
["Bayrūt"]and not["Bayr", "ū", "t"], for example. - Opens and reads files. Pass in a file path or a url instead of a string.
Installation
Add this line to your application's Gemfile:
gem 'words_counted'
And then execute:
$ bundle
Or install it yourself as:
$ gem install words_counted
Usage
Pass in a string or a file path, and an optional filter and/or regexp.
counter = WordsCounted.count(
"We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars."
)
# Using a file
counter = WordsCounted.from_file("path/or/url/to/my/file.txt")
.count and .from_file are convenience methods that take an input, tokenise it, and return an instance of WordsCounted::Counter initialized with the tokens. The WordsCounted::Tokeniser and WordsCounted::Counter classes can be used alone, however.
API
WordsCounted
WordsCounted.count(input, options = {})
Tokenises input and initializes a WordsCounted::Counter object with the resulting tokens.
counter = WordsCounted.count("Hello Beirut!")
Accepts two options: exclude and regexp. See Excluding tokens from the analyser and Passing in a custom regexp respectively.
WordsCounted.from_file(path, options = {})
Reads and tokenises a file, and initializes a WordsCounted::Counter object with the resulting tokens.
counter = WordsCounted.from_file("hello_beirut.txt")
Accepts the same options as .count.
Tokeniser
The tokeniser allows you to tokenise text in a variety of ways. You can pass in your own rules for tokenisation, and apply a powerful filter with any combination of rules as long as they can boil down into a lambda.
Out of the box the tokeniser includes only alpha chars. Hyphenated tokens and tokens with apostrophes are considered a single token.
#tokenise([pattern: TOKEN_REGEXP, exclude: nil])
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("Hello Beirut!").tokenise
# With `exclude`
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("Hello Beirut!").tokenise(exclude: "hello")
# With `pattern`
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("I <3 Beirut!").tokenise(pattern: /[a-z]/i)
See Excluding tokens from the analyser and Passing in a custom regexp for more information.
Counter
The WordsCounted::Counter class allows you to collect various statistics from an array of tokens.
#token_count
Returns the token count of a given string.
counter.token_count #=> 15
#token_frequency
Returns a sorted (unstable) two-dimensional array where each element is a token and its frequency. The array is sorted by frequency in descending order.
counter.token_frequency
[
["the", 2],
["are", 2],
["we", 1],
# ...
["all", 1]
]
#most_frequent_tokens
Returns a hash where each key-value pair is a token and its frequency.
counter.most_frequent_tokens
{ "are" => 2, "the" => 2 }
#token_lengths
Returns a sorted (unstable) two-dimentional array where each element contains a token and its length. The array is sorted by length in descending order.
counter.token_lengths
[
["looking", 7],
["gutter", 6],
["stars", 5],
# ...
["in", 2]
]
#longest_tokens
Returns a hash where each key-value pair is a token and its length.
counter.longest_tokens
{ "looking" => 7 }
#token_density([ precision: 2 ])
Returns a sorted (unstable) two-dimentional array where each element contains a token and its density as a float, rounded to a precision of two. The array is sorted by density in descending order. It accepts a precision argument, which must be a float.
counter.token_density
[
["are", 0.13],
["the", 0.13],
["but", 0.07 ],
# ...
["we", 0.07 ]
]
#char_count
Returns the char count of tokens.
counter.char_count #=> 76
#average_chars_per_token([ precision: 2 ])
Returns the average char count per token rounded to two decimal places. Accepts a precision argument which defaults to two. Precision must be a float.
counter.average_chars_per_token #=> 4
#uniq_token_count
Returns the number of unique tokens.
counter.uniq_token_count #=> 13
Excluding tokens from the tokeniser
You can exclude anything you want from the input by passing the exclude option. The exclude option accepts a variety of filters and is extremely flexible.
- A space-delimited string. The filter will normalise the string.
- A regular expression.
- A lambda.
- A symbol that names a predicate method. For example
:odd?. - An array of any combination of the above.
tokeniser =
WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new(
"Magnificent! That was magnificent, Trevor."
)
# Using a string
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: "was magnificent")
# => ["that", "trevor"]
# Using a regular expression
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: /trevor/)
# => ["magnificent", "that", "was", "magnificent"]
# Using a lambda
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: ->(t) { t.length < 4 })
# => ["magnificent", "that", "magnificent", "trevor"]
# Using symbol
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new("Hello! محمد")
tokeniser.tokenise(exclude: :ascii_only?)
# => ["محمد"]
# Using an array
tokeniser = WordsCounted::Tokeniser.new(
"Hello! اسماءنا هي محمد، كارولينا، سامي، وداني"
)
tokeniser.tokenise(
exclude: [:ascii_only?, /محمد/, ->(t) { t.length > 6}, "و"]
)
# => ["هي", "سامي", "وداني"]
Passing in a custom regexp
The default regexp accounts for letters, hyphenated tokens, and apostrophes. This means twenty-one is treated as one token. So is Mohamad's.
/[\p{Alpha}\-']+/
You can pass your own criteria as a Ruby regular expression to split your string as desired.
For example, if you wanted to include numbers, you can override the regular expression:
counter = WordsCounted.count("Numbers 1, 2, and 3", pattern: /[\p{Alnum}\-']+/)
counter.tokens
#=> ["numbers", "1", "2", "and", "3"]
Opening and reading files
Use the from_file method to open files. from_file accepts the same options as .count. The file path can be a URL.
counter = WordsCounted.from_file("url/or/path/to/file.text")
Gotchas
A hyphen used in leu of an em or en dash will form part of the token. This affects the tokeniser algorithm.
counter = WordsCounted.count("How do you do?-you are well, I see.")
counter.token_frequency
[
["do", 2],
["how", 1],
["you", 1],
["-you", 1], # WTF, mate!
["are", 1],
# ...
]
In this example -you and you are separate tokens. Also, the tokeniser does not include numbers by default. Remember that you can pass your own regular expression if the default behaviour does not fit your needs.
A note on case sensitivity
The program will normalise (downcase) all incoming strings for consistency and filters.
Roadmap
Ability to open URLs
def self.from_url
# open url and send string here after removing html
end
Contributors
See contributors.
Contributing
- Fork it
- Create your feature branch (
git checkout -b my-new-feature) - Commit your changes (
git commit -am 'Add some feature') - Push to the branch (
git push origin my-new-feature) - Create new Pull Request
Author: abitdodgy
Source code: https://github.com/abitdodgy/words_counted
License: MIT license
#ruby #ruby-on-rails
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