What is Binance Exchange | How to Create an ​Account on Binance (2022)

In this post, you'll learn What is Binance Exchange and How to Create an ​Account on Binance (Update 2022)

What is Binance (BNB)?

Binance comes from the words “Binary” and “Finance.” It has 2 meanings.

• It is one of the world’s leading cryptocurrency exchanges.
• The BNB Coin is a cryptocurrency which can be used as an intermediary when exchanging money, from one crypto-coin to another.

In 2017, ChangPeng Zhao founded a Chinese company called Beijie Technology. Beijie is the holding company which runs Binance exchange. It is currently headquartered in Hong Kong. Zhao, together with the Binance team, has worked to boost the growth of the platform into one of the most successful exchanges in the world.

Binance is a popular cryptocurrency exchange which was started in China but then moved their headquarters to the crypto-friendly Island of Malta in the EU. Binance is popular for its crypto to crypto exchange services. Binance exploded onto the scene in the mania of 2017 and has since gone on to become the top crypto exchange in the world.



The Binance (BNB) Initial Coin Offering (ICO)

To fund the creation of the exchange platform, Zhao, and his team developed a token and raised funds through an  Initial Coin Offering. The ICO lasted for about a month, raising some $15 million. This was enough for paying startup expenses like hiring new developers, marketing, and bolstering the security of the exchange servers.

The BNB token can be used for paying the transaction fees incurred while exchanging the digital coins. For instance, if you want to convert your Litecoins to Bitcoin, you would need to pay some transaction fee (by receiving a slightly less amount of BTC than expected).

The Binance Token was innovative. Users who bought the token and used it as a means of paying the transaction fees were rewarded with a 50% discount. Most users would take advantage of the tokens to buy more Bitcoin or other major altcoins – and got some great returns.

The excellent management of the exchange platform helped bring in millions of users. The coin exchange space was competitive, but Binance has risen to be among the top 3 on the market. Most of the days, it is the largest exchange worldwide by volume traded.

How to Create an account on Binance (Updated 2021)

1. How to Register on Binance App

1. Open the Binance app and click on Binance website (https://www.binance.com )  at the top left-hand corner.

2. Follow the instructions and insert the email address and password you’ll use for your account. After carefully reading the Terms of Use (TOU), click on [Register].

Note:

• Your password must contain at least 8 characters, including one uppercase letter and one number.
• If you’ve been referred to register on Binance by a friend, make sure to fill in the Referral ID (optional).

3. After clicking on [Register], you’ll see a sliding jigsaw verification puzzle. Please drag the slider to complete it.

4. Once you have completed the jigsaw, we’ll send a confirmation email to the address you’ve specified. Please check your inbox to confirm your registration within 10 minutes.

Note:

For your own account security, we highly recommend you to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) after your first login. Both Google 2FA and SMS 2FA are available.

*Before starting P2P trading, you may need to complete KYC and 2FA authentication.

2. How to register with a mobile number

1. Access the Binance website (https://www.binance.com ), then click [Register].

2. On the registration page, enter the mobile phone number you will use and create a password for your account. After carefully reading the Terms of Use, check the box and click [Create account].

Note:

• For account safety, the password should be at least 8 characters, including 1 uppercase character and 1 number.
• If you have been referred by a friend, please enter your friend’s referral ID. Once you have registered, the referral can not be changed.

3. After clicking [Register], please choose the option according to your circumstance.

4. The system will send an SMS verification code to your mobile phone and it will be valid for 30 minutes.

5. After entering the verification code, the following page will appear.

6. For account safety, we strongly recommend that you enable 2FA verification (email verification or Google Authentication ).

3. How to Register on Binance by Email

Please refer to the following GIF to get a better idea about how to register on Binance.

1. Please visit Binance’s official website (https://www.binance.com) and click the [Register] button on the top right-hand side.

2. On the registration page, please follow the on-screen instructions and insert the email address and password that you’ll use for your account. After reading the TOU carefully, click on [Create account].

Note:

• The password must be a combination of numbers and letters which contain at least 8 characters, one UPPER CASE letter, and one number.
• If you’ve been referred to register on Binance by a friend, make sure to fill in the right Referral ID (optional).

3. After clicking [register], please choose the option according to your circumstance.

4. After clicking, the system will send a verification code to your email that will be valid for 30 minutes. Please login to your email box to check and enter the verification code in time.

5. After entering the verification code, the following page will appear to show that you have successfully registered.

Note:

For your own account security, make sure to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) after your first login. Both Google 2FA and SMS 2FA are available.

Binance Referral Program Guide

Binance

2017-10-27 10:17

In this guide, you will learn how to create, setup, and manage your Binance “kickback” referral links and dashboard.

If you prefer to watch rather than read, we have a 1-minute video guide. Click here to watch it.

4. How to use the Binance Referral Program

1. Log into your Binance account.

2. Go to the user menu at the top right corner and click [Referral].

3. If you don’t have a link, click on [Generate your link].

4. The default referral rate is 20%, meaning that you get 20% of the fees paid by the friends you refer. However, you can choose to share 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% of the rewards with your friends.

Accounts with a daily average BNB balance of 500 BNB or more will have their base referral rate increased to 40%. These accounts can choose to share 5%, 10%, 15% or 20% with the friends they invite.

5. In this example, we chose to share 5%. When you click [Generate your link], you will see all the details on the top of the Referral page.

6. Now you are ready to invite friends to register and trade on Binance.

7. Click [Invite Now] to start inviting. You can choose different image sizes to download and share.

8. You can invite your friends using the referral link, the referral ID, or by sharing your QR Code.

9. Once invitees successfully register at Binance and start trading, referral commissions (both those received by inviters and those shared with their invited friends) are calculated in real-time and transferred to the respective Binance accounts every hour.

10. You can check the details of your referrals by navigating through the sections of the Referral page. You can quickly access them using the top menu.

Notes

• Binance Futures also has a referral program. You can find more details about it here.
• Referral links and referral codes generated in the spot account only apply to spot markets, and do not apply to futures markets.
• Binance reserves the right to adjust the rules of the referral program at any time.

5. How to Complete Identity Verification

Visit the Binance website and Login to your account, then click [User Center]-[Identification].

In the Identity Verification area, click [Verify].

After choosing the nationality, click [Start].

*Please ensure that all the information entered is consistent with your ID documents. You won’t be able to change it once confirmed.

Next, enter your personal information, then click [Continue].

After finishing the Basic Verification, click [Go to Advanced Verification] to continue.

Next, you will need to upload pictures of your ID documents. Please choose a valid ID type, according to the country your documents were issued. For most users, choose a passport, ID card, or driver’s license.

*After choosing an ID file, there will be two ways to verify your ID verification:

1. Take pictures
2. Upload files

For example, if you are using an ID card, you have to take photos of the front page and back page of your ID card. You can do it with your webcam or upload the document picture from your computer.

After uploading the document photos, the system will ask to take a new photo to verify. Click the picture area to take the picture, then click [Submit & Continue]

After clicking, the system will ask you to finish facial verification. Click [Begin Verification] to finish facial verification on the computer.

Alternatively, you can move your mouse to [Use mobile phone] to get the QR code. Scan the QR code via your Binance app to finish the facial verification.

After completing the process, please wait with patience. We will do our best to review your data in a timely manner. Once your application has been verified, we will send you an email notification.

• Please be sure to complete the basic info and photo verification process within 15 minutes, and do not refresh the browser during the process.
• You may attempt to complete the Identity Verification process up to 10 times per day. If your application has been denied 10 times within 24 hours, you will need to wait 24 hours to try again.

6. How to Buy Cryptocurrency on Binance P2P (web)?

You can now buy cryptocurrencies using multiple fiat currencies with 0 transaction fees on Binance P2P!

See a guide below to buy crypto on  Binance P2P, and start your trade.

Guide Video

Step 1:

Go to the  Binance P2P page, and

• If you already have a Binance account, click “Log In” and go to Step 4
• If you do not have a Binance account yet, click “Register”

Step 2:

Enter your email on the registration page and set your login password. Read and check the Binance Terms and click “Register”.

Step 3:

Complete Level 2 identity verification, enable SMS Verification, and then set your preferred payment method.

Step 4:

Select (1) “Buy Crypto” then click (2) “P2P Trading” on the top navigation.

Step 5:

Click (1) “Buy” and select the currency you want to buy (BTC is shown as an example). Filter the price and the (2) “Payment” in the drop-down, select an ad, then click (3) “Buy”.

Step 6:

1. Enter the amount (in your fiat currency) or quantity (in crypto) you want to buy and click (2) “Buy”.

Step 7:

Confirm the payment method and amount (total price) on the Order Details page.

Complete the fiat transaction within the payment time limit. Then click “Transferred, next” and “Confirm”.

Note: You need to transfer the payment directly to the seller through bank transfer, Alipay, WeChat, or another third-party payment platform based on the seller’s payment information provided. If you have already transferred payment to the seller, you must not click “Cancel” unless you have already received a refund from the seller in your payment account. If you do not make an actual payment, please do not click “Confirm” to confirm the payment. This is not permitted according to the rules of the transaction. If you encounter any issues during the transaction, you can contact the seller using the chat window.

Step 8:

Once the seller has released the cryptocurrency, the transaction is completed. You can click (2) "Transfer to Spot Wallet” to transfer the digital assets to your Spot Wallet.

You can also click (1) “Check my account” above the button to view the digital asset you just bought.

Note:If you do not receive the cryptocurrency 15 minutes after clicking "Transferred, next”, you can click “Appeal” and Customer Service will assist you in processing the order.

7. How to Trade Spot on Binance Website

Video Tutorial：Click this video to learn how to spot trade on Binance

Visit our Binance website (www.binance.com), click on [Log in] at the top right of the page to log into your Binance account.

Then click on any cryptocurrency on the home page, and go directly to the corresponding spot trading page.

Here is the trading page interface.

1. Binance Announcements
2. Trading volume of trading pair in 24 hours
3. Sell order book
4. Buy order book
5. Candlestick chart and Market Depth
6. Trading Type: Spot/Cross Margin/Isolated Margin
7. Type of order: Limit/Market/Stop-limit/OCO(One-Cancels-the-Other)
8. Buy Cryptocurrency
9. Sell Cryptocurrency
10. Market and Trading pairs.
11. Your latest completed transaction
12. Market Activities: large fluctuation/activities in market trading
13. Open orders
14. Your 24h order history
15. Binance customer service

Let’s take an example to buy BNB. On the top of the Binance home page, click on the [Trade] option and select [Classic] or [Advanced]. Go to the buying section to buy BNB and fill in the price and the amount for your order, then click on [Buy BNB] to complete the transaction.

You can follow the same steps to sell BNB.

• The default order type is called a limit order. But if traders want to place an order as soon as possible, they may switch to [Market] Order. By choosing a market order, traders could make a transaction instantly at the current market price.
• If the market price of BNB/BTC is at 0.002, but you want to buy at a specific price, for example, 0.001, then you can place a [limit] order. When the market price reaches your set price, your placed order will be executed.
• The percentage shown below the BNB Amount box refers to the amount of BTC you wish to use to buy BNB.Put the amount and buy crypto.

I hope this post will help you. If you liked this, please consider sharing it with others. Thank you!

☞ Register Account on Binance Exchange NOW

🔗 Other Useful Links 🔗
► How to Create and Use Binance Exchange Referral Program
► What is Metamask wallet | How to Create a wallet and Use
► What is Trust Wallet | How to Create a wallet and Use
► What is Uniswap | Beginner’s Guide on How to Use Uniswap
► What is Pancakeswap | Beginner’s Guide on How to Use Pancakeswap

#bitcoin #cryptocurrency #binance

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

PyTumblr: A Python Tumblr API v2 Client

PyTumblr

Installation

Install via pip:

$ pip install pytumblr

Install from source:

$ git clone https://github.com/tumblr/pytumblr.git
$ cd pytumblr
$ python setup.py install

Usage

Create a client

A pytumblr.TumblrRestClient is the object you'll make all of your calls to the Tumblr API through. Creating one is this easy:

client = pytumblr.TumblrRestClient(
    '<consumer_key>',
    '<consumer_secret>',
    '<oauth_token>',
    '<oauth_secret>',
)

client.info() # Grabs the current user information

Two easy ways to get your credentials to are:

1. The built-in interactive_console.py tool (if you already have a consumer key & secret)
2. The Tumblr API console at https://api.tumblr.com/console
3. Get sample login code at https://api.tumblr.com/console/calls/user/info

Supported Methods

User Methods

client.info() # get information about the authenticating user
client.dashboard() # get the dashboard for the authenticating user
client.likes() # get the likes for the authenticating user
client.following() # get the blogs followed by the authenticating user

client.follow('codingjester.tumblr.com') # follow a blog
client.unfollow('codingjester.tumblr.com') # unfollow a blog

client.like(id, reblogkey) # like a post
client.unlike(id, reblogkey) # unlike a post

Blog Methods

client.blog_info(blogName) # get information about a blog
client.posts(blogName, **params) # get posts for a blog
client.avatar(blogName) # get the avatar for a blog
client.blog_likes(blogName) # get the likes on a blog
client.followers(blogName) # get the followers of a blog
client.blog_following(blogName) # get the publicly exposed blogs that [blogName] follows
client.queue(blogName) # get the queue for a given blog
client.submission(blogName) # get the submissions for a given blog

Post Methods

Creating posts

PyTumblr lets you create all of the various types that Tumblr supports. When using these types there are a few defaults that are able to be used with any post type.

The default supported types are described below.

• state - a string, the state of the post. Supported types are published, draft, queue, private
• tags - a list, a list of strings that you want tagged on the post. eg: ["testing", "magic", "1"]
• tweet - a string, the string of the customized tweet you want. eg: "Man I love my mega awesome post!"
• date - a string, the customized GMT that you want
• format - a string, the format that your post is in. Support types are html or markdown
• slug - a string, the slug for the url of the post you want

We'll show examples throughout of these default examples while showcasing all the specific post types.

Creating a photo post

Creating a photo post supports a bunch of different options plus the described default options * caption - a string, the user supplied caption * link - a string, the "click-through" url for the photo * source - a string, the url for the photo you want to use (use this or the data parameter) * data - a list or string, a list of filepaths or a single file path for multipart file upload

#Creates a photo post using a source URL
client.create_photo(blogName, state="published", tags=["testing", "ok"],
                    source="https://68.media.tumblr.com/b965fbb2e501610a29d80ffb6fb3e1ad/tumblr_n55vdeTse11rn1906o1_500.jpg")

#Creates a photo post using a local filepath
client.create_photo(blogName, state="queue", tags=["testing", "ok"],
                    tweet="Woah this is an incredible sweet post [URL]",
                    data="/Users/johnb/path/to/my/image.jpg")

#Creates a photoset post using several local filepaths
client.create_photo(blogName, state="draft", tags=["jb is cool"], format="markdown",
                    data=["/Users/johnb/path/to/my/image.jpg", "/Users/johnb/Pictures/kittens.jpg"],
                    caption="## Mega sweet kittens")

Creating a text post

Creating a text post supports the same options as default and just a two other parameters * title - a string, the optional title for the post. Supports markdown or html * body - a string, the body of the of the post. Supports markdown or html

#Creating a text post
client.create_text(blogName, state="published", slug="testing-text-posts", title="Testing", body="testing1 2 3 4")

Creating a quote post

Creating a quote post supports the same options as default and two other parameter * quote - a string, the full text of the qote. Supports markdown or html * source - a string, the cited source. HTML supported

#Creating a quote post
client.create_quote(blogName, state="queue", quote="I am the Walrus", source="Ringo")

Creating a link post

• title - a string, the title of post that you want. Supports HTML entities.
• url - a string, the url that you want to create a link post for.
• description - a string, the desciption of the link that you have

#Create a link post
client.create_link(blogName, title="I like to search things, you should too.", url="https://duckduckgo.com",
                   description="Search is pretty cool when a duck does it.")

Creating a chat post

Creating a chat post supports the same options as default and two other parameters * title - a string, the title of the chat post * conversation - a string, the text of the conversation/chat, with diablog labels (no html)

#Create a chat post
chat = """John: Testing can be fun!
Renee: Testing is tedious and so are you.
John: Aw.
"""
client.create_chat(blogName, title="Renee just doesn't understand.", conversation=chat, tags=["renee", "testing"])

Creating an audio post

Creating an audio post allows for all default options and a has 3 other parameters. The only thing to keep in mind while dealing with audio posts is to make sure that you use the external_url parameter or data. You cannot use both at the same time. * caption - a string, the caption for your post * external_url - a string, the url of the site that hosts the audio file * data - a string, the filepath of the audio file you want to upload to Tumblr

#Creating an audio file
client.create_audio(blogName, caption="Rock out.", data="/Users/johnb/Music/my/new/sweet/album.mp3")

#lets use soundcloud!
client.create_audio(blogName, caption="Mega rock out.", external_url="https://soundcloud.com/skrillex/sets/recess")

Creating a video post

Creating a video post allows for all default options and has three other options. Like the other post types, it has some restrictions. You cannot use the embed and data parameters at the same time. * caption - a string, the caption for your post * embed - a string, the HTML embed code for the video * data - a string, the path of the file you want to upload

#Creating an upload from YouTube
client.create_video(blogName, caption="Jon Snow. Mega ridiculous sword.",
                    embed="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40pUYLacrj4")

#Creating a video post from local file
client.create_video(blogName, caption="testing", data="/Users/johnb/testing/ok/blah.mov")

Editing a post

Updating a post requires you knowing what type a post you're updating. You'll be able to supply to the post any of the options given above for updates.

client.edit_post(blogName, id=post_id, type="text", title="Updated")
client.edit_post(blogName, id=post_id, type="photo", data="/Users/johnb/mega/awesome.jpg")

Reblogging a Post

Reblogging a post just requires knowing the post id and the reblog key, which is supplied in the JSON of any post object.

client.reblog(blogName, id=125356, reblog_key="reblog_key")

Deleting a post

Deleting just requires that you own the post and have the post id

client.delete_post(blogName, 123456) # Deletes your post :(

A note on tags: When passing tags, as params, please pass them as a list (not a comma-separated string):

client.create_text(blogName, tags=['hello', 'world'], ...)

Getting notes for a post

In order to get the notes for a post, you need to have the post id and the blog that it is on.

data = client.notes(blogName, id='123456')

The results include a timestamp you can use to make future calls.

data = client.notes(blogName, id='123456', before_timestamp=data["_links"]["next"]["query_params"]["before_timestamp"])

Tagged Methods

# get posts with a given tag
client.tagged(tag, **params)

Using the interactive console

This client comes with a nice interactive console to run you through the OAuth process, grab your tokens (and store them for future use).

You'll need pyyaml installed to run it, but then it's just:

$ python interactive-console.py

and away you go! Tokens are stored in ~/.tumblr and are also shared by other Tumblr API clients like the Ruby client.

Running tests

The tests (and coverage reports) are run with nose, like this:

python setup.py test

Author: tumblr
Source Code: https://github.com/tumblr/pytumblr
License: Apache-2.0 license

#python #api 

Exploring Mutable and Immutable in Python

In this Python article, let's learn about Mutable and Immutable in Python. 

Mutable and Immutable in Python

Mutable is a fancy way of saying that the internal state of the object is changed/mutated. So, the simplest definition is: An object whose internal state can be changed is mutable. On the other hand, immutable doesn’t allow any change in the object once it has been created.

Both of these states are integral to Python data structure. If you want to become more knowledgeable in the entire Python Data Structure, take this free course which covers multiple data structures in Python including tuple data structure which is immutable. You will also receive a certificate on completion which is sure to add value to your portfolio.

Mutable Definition

Mutable is when something is changeable or has the ability to change. In Python, ‘mutable’ is the ability of objects to change their values. These are often the objects that store a collection of data.

Immutable Definition

Immutable is the when no change is possible over time. In Python, if the value of an object cannot be changed over time, then it is known as immutable. Once created, the value of these objects is permanent.

List of Mutable and Immutable objects

Objects of built-in type that are mutable are:

• Lists
• Sets
• Dictionaries
• User-Defined Classes (It purely depends upon the user to define the characteristics) 

Objects of built-in type that are immutable are:

• Numbers (Integer, Rational, Float, Decimal, Complex & Booleans)
• Strings
• Tuples
• Frozen Sets
• User-Defined Classes (It purely depends upon the user to define the characteristics)

Object mutability is one of the characteristics that makes Python a dynamically typed language. Though Mutable and Immutable in Python is a very basic concept, it can at times be a little confusing due to the intransitive nature of immutability.

Objects in Python

In Python, everything is treated as an object. Every object has these three attributes:

• Identity – This refers to the address that the object refers to in the computer’s memory.
• Type – This refers to the kind of object that is created. For example- integer, list, string etc. 
• Value – This refers to the value stored by the object. For example – List=[1,2,3] would hold the numbers 1,2 and 3

While ID and Type cannot be changed once it’s created, values can be changed for Mutable objects.

Check out this free python certificate course to get started with Python.

Mutable Objects in Python

I believe, rather than diving deep into the theory aspects of mutable and immutable in Python, a simple code would be the best way to depict what it means in Python. Hence, let us discuss the below code step-by-step:

#Creating a list which contains name of Indian cities  

cities = [‘Delhi’, ‘Mumbai’, ‘Kolkata’]

# Printing the elements from the list cities, separated by a comma & space

for city in cities:
		print(city, end=’, ’)

Output [1]: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata

#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(cities)))

Output [2]: 0x1691d7de8c8

#Adding a new city to the list cities

cities.append(‘Chennai’)

#Printing the elements from the list cities, separated by a comma & space 

for city in cities:
	print(city, end=’, ’)

Output [3]: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai

#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(cities)))

Output [4]: 0x1691d7de8c8

The above example shows us that we were able to change the internal state of the object ‘cities’ by adding one more city ‘Chennai’ to it, yet, the memory address of the object did not change. This confirms that we did not create a new object, rather, the same object was changed or mutated. Hence, we can say that the object which is a type of list with reference variable name ‘cities’ is a MUTABLE OBJECT.

Let us now discuss the term IMMUTABLE. Considering that we understood what mutable stands for, it is obvious that the definition of immutable will have ‘NOT’ included in it. Here is the simplest definition of immutable– An object whose internal state can NOT be changed is IMMUTABLE.

Again, if you try and concentrate on different error messages, you have encountered, thrown by the respective IDE; you use you would be able to identify the immutable objects in Python. For instance, consider the below code & associated error message with it, while trying to change the value of a Tuple at index 0. 

#Creating a Tuple with variable name ‘foo’

foo = (1, 2)

#Changing the index[0] value from 1 to 3

foo[0] = 3
	
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment 

Immutable Objects in Python

Once again, a simple code would be the best way to depict what immutable stands for. Hence, let us discuss the below code step-by-step:

#Creating a Tuple which contains English name of weekdays

weekdays = ‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’, ‘Saturday’

# Printing the elements of tuple weekdays

print(weekdays)

Output [1]:  (‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’, ‘Saturday’)

#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(weekdays)))

Output [2]: 0x1691cc35090

#tuples are immutable, so you cannot add new elements, hence, using merge of tuples with the # + operator to add a new imaginary day in the tuple ‘weekdays’

weekdays  +=  ‘Pythonday’,

#Printing the elements of tuple weekdays

print(weekdays)

Output [3]: (‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’, ‘Saturday’, ‘Pythonday’)

#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(weekdays)))

Output [4]: 0x1691cc8ad68

This above example shows that we were able to use the same variable name that is referencing an object which is a type of tuple with seven elements in it. However, the ID or the memory location of the old & new tuple is not the same. We were not able to change the internal state of the object ‘weekdays’. The Python program manager created a new object in the memory address and the variable name ‘weekdays’ started referencing the new object with eight elements in it.  Hence, we can say that the object which is a type of tuple with reference variable name ‘weekdays’ is an IMMUTABLE OBJECT.

Also Read: Understanding the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) in Python

Where can you use mutable and immutable objects:

Mutable objects can be used where you want to allow for any updates. For example, you have a list of employee names in your organizations, and that needs to be updated every time a new member is hired. You can create a mutable list, and it can be updated easily.

Immutability offers a lot of useful applications to different sensitive tasks we do in a network centred environment where we allow for parallel processing. By creating immutable objects, you seal the values and ensure that no threads can invoke overwrite/update to your data. This is also useful in situations where you would like to write a piece of code that cannot be modified. For example, a debug code that attempts to find the value of an immutable object.

Watch outs:  Non transitive nature of Immutability:

OK! Now we do understand what mutable & immutable objects in Python are. Let’s go ahead and discuss the combination of these two and explore the possibilities. Let’s discuss, as to how will it behave if you have an immutable object which contains the mutable object(s)? Or vice versa? Let us again use a code to understand this behaviour–

#creating a tuple (immutable object) which contains 2 lists(mutable) as it’s elements

#The elements (lists) contains the name, age & gender 

person = (['Ayaan', 5, 'Male'], ['Aaradhya', 8, 'Female'])

#printing the tuple

print(person)

Output [1]: (['Ayaan', 5, 'Male'], ['Aaradhya', 8, 'Female'])

#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(person)))

Output [2]: 0x1691ef47f88

#Changing the age for the 1st element. Selecting 1st element of tuple by using indexing [0] then 2nd element of the list by using indexing [1] and assigning a new value for age as 4

person[0][1] = 4

#printing the updated tuple

print(person)

Output [3]: (['Ayaan', 4, 'Male'], ['Aaradhya', 8, 'Female'])

#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(person)))

Output [4]: 0x1691ef47f88

In the above code, you can see that the object ‘person’ is immutable since it is a type of tuple. However, it has two lists as it’s elements, and we can change the state of lists (lists being mutable). So, here we did not change the object reference inside the Tuple, but the referenced object was mutated.

Also Read: Real-Time Object Detection Using TensorFlow

Same way, let’s explore how it will behave if you have a mutable object which contains an immutable object? Let us again use a code to understand the behaviour–

#creating a list (mutable object) which contains tuples(immutable) as it’s elements

list1 = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]

#printing the list

print(list1)

Output [1]: [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]

#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(list1)))

Output [2]: 0x1691d5b13c8	

#changing object reference at index 0

list1[0] = (7, 8, 9)

#printing the list

Output [3]: [(7, 8, 9), (4, 5, 6)]

#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(list1)))

Output [4]: 0x1691d5b13c8

As an individual, it completely depends upon you and your requirements as to what kind of data structure you would like to create with a combination of mutable & immutable objects. I hope that this information will help you while deciding the type of object you would like to select going forward.

Before I end our discussion on IMMUTABILITY, allow me to use the word ‘CAVITE’ when we discuss the String and Integers. There is an exception, and you may see some surprising results while checking the truthiness for immutability. For instance:
#creating an object of integer type with value 10 and reference variable name ‘x’ 

x = 10
 

#printing the value of ‘x’

print(x)

Output [1]: 10

#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(x)))

Output [2]: 0x538fb560

#creating an object of integer type with value 10 and reference variable name ‘y’

y = 10

#printing the value of ‘y’

print(y)

Output [3]: 10

#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format

print(hex(id(y)))

Output [4]: 0x538fb560

As per our discussion and understanding, so far, the memory address for x & y should have been different, since, 10 is an instance of Integer class which is immutable. However, as shown in the above code, it has the same memory address. This is not something that we expected. It seems that what we have understood and discussed, has an exception as well.

Quick check – Python Data Structures

Immutability of Tuple

Tuples are immutable and hence cannot have any changes in them once they are created in Python. This is because they support the same sequence operations as strings. We all know that strings are immutable. The index operator will select an element from a tuple just like in a string. Hence, they are immutable.

Exceptions in immutability

Like all, there are exceptions in the immutability in python too. Not all immutable objects are really mutable. This will lead to a lot of doubts in your mind. Let us just take an example to understand this.

Consider a tuple ‘tup’.

Now, if we consider tuple tup = (‘GreatLearning’,[4,3,1,2]) ;

We see that the tuple has elements of different data types. The first element here is a string which as we all know is immutable in nature. The second element is a list which we all know is mutable. Now, we all know that the tuple itself is an immutable data type. It cannot change its contents. But, the list inside it can change its contents. So, the value of the Immutable objects cannot be changed but its constituent objects can. change its value.

FAQs

1. Difference between mutable vs immutable in Python?

Mutable Object	Immutable Object
State of the object can be modified after it is created.	State of the object can’t be modified once it is created.
They are not thread safe.	They are thread safe
Mutable classes are not final.	It is important to make the class final before creating an immutable object.

2. What are the mutable and immutable data types in Python?

• Some mutable data types in Python are:

list, dictionary, set, user-defined classes.

• Some immutable data types are: 

int, float, decimal, bool, string, tuple, range.

3. Are lists mutable in Python?

Lists in Python are mutable data types as the elements of the list can be modified, individual elements can be replaced, and the order of elements can be changed even after the list has been created.
(Examples related to lists have been discussed earlier in this blog.)

4. Why are tuples called immutable types?

Tuple and list data structures are very similar, but one big difference between the data types is that lists are mutable, whereas tuples are immutable. The reason for the tuple’s immutability is that once the elements are added to the tuple and the tuple has been created; it remains unchanged.

A programmer would always prefer building a code that can be reused instead of making the whole data object again. Still, even though tuples are immutable, like lists, they can contain any Python object, including mutable objects.

5. Are sets mutable in Python?

A set is an iterable unordered collection of data type which can be used to perform mathematical operations (like union, intersection, difference etc.). Every element in a set is unique and immutable, i.e. no duplicate values should be there, and the values can’t be changed. However, we can add or remove items from the set as the set itself is mutable.

6. Are strings mutable in Python?

Strings are not mutable in Python. Strings are a immutable data types which means that its value cannot be updated.

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Original article source at: https://www.mygreatlearning.com

#python 

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