10 PHP String Functions for every Web Developer

Every PHP developer should know functions like strlen(), addslashes() and strpos(). In this Top 10 list you will find the most important ones of the approx. 100 string functions in PHP and learn how to use them correctly.

1. str_pad() – Fill in comma numbers

Let’s start right away with one of my favorite features. This function is interesting e.g. for IDs and strings, which must have a certain length, but don’t necessarily have it. Here is an example to understand it better:

<?php 
$example = "706";

// Output: 70600000
echo str_pad($example, 8, "0");

// Output: 00000706
echo str_pad($example, 8, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT);

// Output: 00706000
echo str_pad($example, 8, "0", STR_PAD_BOTH);

// Output: 706-------
echo str_pad($example, 10, "-");
?>

The function expects two parameters: The string to be changed and the expected string length. Optionally, the fill character can be specified as the third parameter. In addition, you can also specify on which side the string is to be filled. STR_PAD_RIGHT for right (default), STR_PAD_LEFT for left and STR_PAD_BOTH for both sides.

Complete documentation: here

2. explode() – Split string to array

If you often work with arrays and JSON data you won’t be able to avoid this function either. It can split your string into an array based on a specific character or whole string. This can be useful, for example, for URL parameters or file names:

<?php 
$example = "jquery.min.js";

// split string at the . char
$splitted_string = explode(".", $example);

// Output: Array ( [0] => jquery [1] => min [2] => js )
print_r($splitted_string);	

// Output: File Extension: js
echo "File Extension: " . $splitted_string[2];
?>

Optionally, a limit can be specified as the third parameter. This ensures, for example, that only two elements are present in the array when more is not needed.

Complete documentation: here

3. implode() – Merging arrays into strings

This function is the opposite of* *explode(). The function can reassemble an array with a certain separator to a string. You will use this function quite often in web development, because it is used for lists, numbers or SQL queries, for example:

<?php 
$example = array("Tony Stark", "Peter Parker", "Bruce Wayne");

// Joins the array with a , char
$imploded_string = implode(", ", $example);

// Output: Top heros: Tony Stark, Peter Parker, Bruce Wayne
echo "Top heros: " . $imploded_string;
?>

Of course you can also program this function yourself within a few minutes. But you don’t always have to reinvent the wheel.

Complete documentation: here

4. strlen() – Find out string length

Not to think away. This function is so versatile, e.g. it can be used to validate user entries or before entering them into the database in order not to exceed a certain string length. The function returns the length of a string. Spaces are also counted. Characters are counted. Here is an illustrative example:

<?php 
// Output: 12
echo strlen("Hello World!");

// Output: 0
echo strlen("");

// Output: 1
echo strlen(" ");

// Output: 8
echo strlen("WebDEasy");
?>

Complete documentation: here

5. strpos() – Examine for chars/sequences

This function checks whether a character or an entire character string occurs in a string. This function is often used, for example, to evaluate user input. Here are a few good examples:

<?php 
// Output: 2
echo strpos("Hello World", "l");

// Output: 
echo strpos("Hello World", "H");

// Output: 6
echo strpos("Hello World", "World");

// Check if the string contains 'World' 
if(strpos("Hello World", "World")) { }

// Output:
echo strpos("Hello World", "Hello", 2);
?>

In the last example, a third parameter is given. This parameter specifies an offset. This means that the function only checks whether the characters occur in the string from the second character onwards. A negative value in this parameter sets the offset of the string from behind.

Complete documentation: here

Pooh! This means we already have half of the top 10 PHP string functions. Second half:

6. addslashes() – Escape Strings

This function is extremely important from a safety point of view. Ever heard of SQL Injections? Good, because this function can have a part in preventing these attacks. Special characters, here (‘, “, , NUL) are masked here. This means that a backslash () is prefixed so that these characters do not enter the system unfiltered:

<?php 
// Output: What\'s your name?
echo addslashes("What's your name?");

// Output: This is \"Me\"!
echo addslashes('This is "Me"!');

// Prevent SQL-Injection
// Output WITHOUT addslashes: INSERT INTO testuser (id, name) VALUES (1, ''; SELECT * FROM testuser;');
// Output WITH addslashes: INSERT INTO testuser (id, name) VALUES (1, '\'; SELECT * FROM testuser;');
$name = "'; SELECT * FROM testuser;";
echo "INSERT INTO testuser (id, name) VALUES (1, '" . addslashes($name) . "');";
?>

The difference in the SQL example is small, but can have devastating consequences!

Stripslashes() is the reverse function, the documentation can be found here.

Complete documentation: here

7. substr() – Create text excerpt

This function is known to all programmers because it exists in almost every programming language. This function returns an excerpt from the string:

<?php 
// Output: Easy
echo substr("WebDEasy", 4);

// Output: DE
echo substr("WebDEasy", 3, 2);
?>

You can specify the beginning of the extract and of course the length. I don’t think you have to say more about that.

Complete documentation: here

8. str_replace() – Replace characters

This function can replace a certain occurrence of characters with other characters. This is useful for decimal numbers, for example, where you must distinguish between the German format (with commas) and the English format (with periods). Here is an example:

<?php 
// Output: 20,000
echo str_replace(".", ",", "20.000");

// Output: 20.000
echo str_replace(",", ".", "20,000");

// Output: Ths s n str_rplc xmpl n php! 
echo str_replace(array("a", "e", "i", "o", "u"), "", "This is an str_replace example in php!");
?>

Arrays can also be passed as replacement parameters. This saves some function calls.

Complete documentation: here

9. print_r() – Function for everything

My absolute favorite function. Ok, admittedly not only meant for strings, but I would like to show them anyway. Beside the simple output of “normal” strings you can also output arrays. You can also write strings or arrays into the logs without losing the formatting. The second parameter must be set to true:

<?php 
// Output: Hello World!
print_r("Hello World!");

// Output in log files: Hello World
error_log(print_r("Hello World", true));

// Output: Array ( [0] => This [1] => is [2] => an [3] => array )
print_r(array("This", "is", "an", "array"));
?>

Complete documentation: here

10. strip_tags() – Remove HTML Tags

This function can output HTML code without tags. Sort of like the str_replace()function, except that you don’t have to pass each HTML tag individually. This is how it looks like:

<?php 
// Output: Hello World!
echo strip_tags("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");

// Output: Hello World!
echo strip_tags("<div class=\"testclass\"><p>Hello <b>World!</b></p></div>");
?>

Complete documentation: here

The most important PHP string functions are now known to you. Which string functions are most important for your everyday life?

Here you can find a complete list of PHP string functions. I’m sure you can now do something with our other PHP posts as well:

Originally published at*** ***webdeasy.de* *on 8. May 2019

#web-development #php

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