1648972740
Generis
Versatile Go code generator.
Generis is a lightweight code preprocessor adding the following features to the Go language :
package main;
// -- IMPORTS
import (
"html"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"strconv"
);
// -- DEFINITIONS
#define DebugMode
#as true
// ~~
#define HttpPort
#as 8080
// ~~
#define WriteLine( {{text}} )
#as log.Println( {{text}} )
// ~~
#define local {{variable}} : {{type}};
#as var {{variable}} {{type}};
// ~~
#define DeclareStack( {{type}}, {{name}} )
#as
// -- TYPES
type {{name}}Stack struct
{
ElementArray []{{type}};
}
// -- INQUIRIES
func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) IsEmpty(
) bool
{
return len( stack.ElementArray ) == 0;
}
// -- OPERATIONS
func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) Push(
element {{type}}
)
{
stack.ElementArray = append( stack.ElementArray, element );
}
// ~~
func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) Pop(
) {{type}}
{
local
element : {{type}};
element = stack.ElementArray[ len( stack.ElementArray ) - 1 ];
stack.ElementArray = stack.ElementArray[ : len( stack.ElementArray ) - 1 ];
return element;
}
#end
// ~~
#define DeclareStack( {{type}} )
#as DeclareStack( {{type}}, {{type:PascalCase}} )
// -- TYPES
DeclareStack( string )
DeclareStack( int32 )
// -- FUNCTIONS
func HandleRootPage(
response_writer http.ResponseWriter,
request * http.Request
)
{
local
boolean : bool;
local
natural : uint;
local
integer : int;
local
real : float64;
local
escaped_html_text,
escaped_url_text,
text : string;
local
integer_stack : Int32Stack;
boolean = true;
natural = 10;
integer = 20;
real = 30.0;
text = "text";
escaped_url_text = "&escaped text?";
escaped_html_text = "<escaped text/>";
integer_stack.Push( 10 );
integer_stack.Push( 20 );
integer_stack.Push( 30 );
#write response_writer
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title><%= request.URL.Path %></title>
</head>
<body>
<% if ( boolean ) { %>
<%= "URL : " + request.URL.Path %>
<br/>
<%@ natural %>
<%# integer %>
<%& real %>
<br/>
<%~ text %>
<%^ escaped_url_text %>
<%= escaped_html_text %>
<%= "<%% ignored %%>" %>
<%% ignored %%>
<% } %>
<br/>
Stack :
<br/>
<% for !integer_stack.IsEmpty() { %>
<%# integer_stack.Pop() %>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
#end
}
// ~~
func main()
{
http.HandleFunc( "/", HandleRootPage );
#if DebugMode
WriteLine( "Listening on http://localhost:HttpPort" );
#end
log.Fatal(
http.ListenAndServe( ":HttpPort", nil )
);
}
Constants and generic code can be defined with the following syntax :
#define old code
#as new code
#define old code
#as
new
code
#end
#define
old
code
#as new code
#define
old
code
#as
new
code
#end
The #define
directive can contain one or several parameters :
{{variable name}} : hierarchical code (with properly matching brackets and parentheses)
{{variable name#}} : statement code (hierarchical code without semicolon)
{{variable name$}} : plain code
{{variable name:boolean expression}} : conditional hierarchical code
{{variable name#:boolean expression}} : conditional statement code
{{variable name$:boolean expression}} : conditional plain code
They can have a boolean expression to require they match specific conditions :
HasText text
HasPrefix prefix
HasSuffix suffix
HasIdentifier text
false
true
!expression
expression && expression
expression || expression
( expression )
The #define
directive must not start or end with a parameter.
The #as
directive can use the value of the #define
parameters :
{{variable name}}
{{variable name:filter function}}
{{variable name:filter function:filter function:...}}
Their value can be changed through one or several filter functions :
LowerCase
UpperCase
MinorCase
MajorCase
SnakeCase
PascalCase
CamelCase
RemoveComments
RemoveBlanks
PackStrings
PackIdentifiers
ReplacePrefix old_prefix new_prefix
ReplaceSuffix old_suffix new_suffix
ReplaceText old_text new_text
ReplaceIdentifier old_identifier new_identifier
AddPrefix prefix
AddSuffix suffix
RemovePrefix prefix
RemoveSuffix suffix
RemoveText text
RemoveIdentifier identifier
Conditional code can be defined with the following syntax :
#if boolean expression
#if boolean expression
...
#else
...
#end
#else
#if boolean expression
...
#else
...
#end
#end
The boolean expression can use the following operators :
false
true
!expression
expression && expression
expression || expression
( expression )
Templated HTML code can be sent to a stream writer using the following syntax :
#write writer expression
<% code %>
<%@ natural expression %>
<%# integer expression %>
<%& real expression %>
<%~ text expression %>
<%= escaped text expression %>
<%! removed content %>
<%% ignored tags %%>
#end
--join
option requires to end the statements with a semicolon.#writer
directive is only available for the Go language.Install the DMD 2 compiler (using the MinGW setup option on Windows).
Build the executable with the following command line :
dmd -m64 generis.d
generis [options]
--prefix # : set the command prefix
--parse INPUT_FOLDER/ : parse the definitions of the Generis files in the input folder
--process INPUT_FOLDER/ OUTPUT_FOLDER/ : reads the Generis files in the input folder and writes the processed files in the output folder
--trim : trim the HTML templates
--join : join the split statements
--create : create the output folders if needed
--watch : watch the Generis files for modifications
--pause 500 : time to wait before checking the Generis files again
--tabulation 4 : set the tabulation space count
--extension .go : generate files with this extension
generis --process GS/ GO/
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder.
generis --process GS/ GO/ --create
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder, creating the output folders if needed.
generis --process GS/ GO/ --create --watch
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder, creating the output folders if needed and watching the Generis files for modifications.
generis --process GS/ GO/ --trim --join --create --watch
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder, trimming the HTML templates, joining the split statements, creating the output folders if needed and watching the Generis files for modifications.
2.0
Author: Senselogic
Source Code: https://github.com/senselogic/GENERIS
License: View license
1604008800
Static code analysis refers to the technique of approximating the runtime behavior of a program. In other words, it is the process of predicting the output of a program without actually executing it.
Lately, however, the term “Static Code Analysis” is more commonly used to refer to one of the applications of this technique rather than the technique itself — program comprehension — understanding the program and detecting issues in it (anything from syntax errors to type mismatches, performance hogs likely bugs, security loopholes, etc.). This is the usage we’d be referring to throughout this post.
“The refinement of techniques for the prompt discovery of error serves as well as any other as a hallmark of what we mean by science.”
We cover a lot of ground in this post. The aim is to build an understanding of static code analysis and to equip you with the basic theory, and the right tools so that you can write analyzers on your own.
We start our journey with laying down the essential parts of the pipeline which a compiler follows to understand what a piece of code does. We learn where to tap points in this pipeline to plug in our analyzers and extract meaningful information. In the latter half, we get our feet wet, and write four such static analyzers, completely from scratch, in Python.
Note that although the ideas here are discussed in light of Python, static code analyzers across all programming languages are carved out along similar lines. We chose Python because of the availability of an easy to use ast
module, and wide adoption of the language itself.
Before a computer can finally “understand” and execute a piece of code, it goes through a series of complicated transformations:
As you can see in the diagram (go ahead, zoom it!), the static analyzers feed on the output of these stages. To be able to better understand the static analysis techniques, let’s look at each of these steps in some more detail:
The first thing that a compiler does when trying to understand a piece of code is to break it down into smaller chunks, also known as tokens. Tokens are akin to what words are in a language.
A token might consist of either a single character, like (
, or literals (like integers, strings, e.g., 7
, Bob
, etc.), or reserved keywords of that language (e.g, def
in Python). Characters which do not contribute towards the semantics of a program, like trailing whitespace, comments, etc. are often discarded by the scanner.
Python provides the tokenize
module in its standard library to let you play around with tokens:
Python
1
import io
2
import tokenize
3
4
code = b"color = input('Enter your favourite color: ')"
5
6
for token in tokenize.tokenize(io.BytesIO(code).readline):
7
print(token)
Python
1
TokenInfo(type=62 (ENCODING), string='utf-8')
2
TokenInfo(type=1 (NAME), string='color')
3
TokenInfo(type=54 (OP), string='=')
4
TokenInfo(type=1 (NAME), string='input')
5
TokenInfo(type=54 (OP), string='(')
6
TokenInfo(type=3 (STRING), string="'Enter your favourite color: '")
7
TokenInfo(type=54 (OP), string=')')
8
TokenInfo(type=4 (NEWLINE), string='')
9
TokenInfo(type=0 (ENDMARKER), string='')
(Note that for the sake of readability, I’ve omitted a few columns from the result above — metadata like starting index, ending index, a copy of the line on which a token occurs, etc.)
#code quality #code review #static analysis #static code analysis #code analysis #static analysis tools #code review tips #static code analyzer #static code analysis tool #static analyzer
1599854400
Go announced Go 1.15 version on 11 Aug 2020. Highlighted updates and features include Substantial improvements to the Go linker, Improved allocation for small objects at high core counts, X.509 CommonName deprecation, GOPROXY supports skipping proxies that return errors, New embedded tzdata package, Several Core Library improvements and more.
As Go promise for maintaining backward compatibility. After upgrading to the latest Go 1.15 version, almost all existing Golang applications or programs continue to compile and run as older Golang version.
#go #golang #go 1.15 #go features #go improvement #go package #go new features
1648972740
Generis
Versatile Go code generator.
Generis is a lightweight code preprocessor adding the following features to the Go language :
package main;
// -- IMPORTS
import (
"html"
"io"
"log"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"strconv"
);
// -- DEFINITIONS
#define DebugMode
#as true
// ~~
#define HttpPort
#as 8080
// ~~
#define WriteLine( {{text}} )
#as log.Println( {{text}} )
// ~~
#define local {{variable}} : {{type}};
#as var {{variable}} {{type}};
// ~~
#define DeclareStack( {{type}}, {{name}} )
#as
// -- TYPES
type {{name}}Stack struct
{
ElementArray []{{type}};
}
// -- INQUIRIES
func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) IsEmpty(
) bool
{
return len( stack.ElementArray ) == 0;
}
// -- OPERATIONS
func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) Push(
element {{type}}
)
{
stack.ElementArray = append( stack.ElementArray, element );
}
// ~~
func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) Pop(
) {{type}}
{
local
element : {{type}};
element = stack.ElementArray[ len( stack.ElementArray ) - 1 ];
stack.ElementArray = stack.ElementArray[ : len( stack.ElementArray ) - 1 ];
return element;
}
#end
// ~~
#define DeclareStack( {{type}} )
#as DeclareStack( {{type}}, {{type:PascalCase}} )
// -- TYPES
DeclareStack( string )
DeclareStack( int32 )
// -- FUNCTIONS
func HandleRootPage(
response_writer http.ResponseWriter,
request * http.Request
)
{
local
boolean : bool;
local
natural : uint;
local
integer : int;
local
real : float64;
local
escaped_html_text,
escaped_url_text,
text : string;
local
integer_stack : Int32Stack;
boolean = true;
natural = 10;
integer = 20;
real = 30.0;
text = "text";
escaped_url_text = "&escaped text?";
escaped_html_text = "<escaped text/>";
integer_stack.Push( 10 );
integer_stack.Push( 20 );
integer_stack.Push( 30 );
#write response_writer
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title><%= request.URL.Path %></title>
</head>
<body>
<% if ( boolean ) { %>
<%= "URL : " + request.URL.Path %>
<br/>
<%@ natural %>
<%# integer %>
<%& real %>
<br/>
<%~ text %>
<%^ escaped_url_text %>
<%= escaped_html_text %>
<%= "<%% ignored %%>" %>
<%% ignored %%>
<% } %>
<br/>
Stack :
<br/>
<% for !integer_stack.IsEmpty() { %>
<%# integer_stack.Pop() %>
<% } %>
</body>
</html>
#end
}
// ~~
func main()
{
http.HandleFunc( "/", HandleRootPage );
#if DebugMode
WriteLine( "Listening on http://localhost:HttpPort" );
#end
log.Fatal(
http.ListenAndServe( ":HttpPort", nil )
);
}
Constants and generic code can be defined with the following syntax :
#define old code
#as new code
#define old code
#as
new
code
#end
#define
old
code
#as new code
#define
old
code
#as
new
code
#end
The #define
directive can contain one or several parameters :
{{variable name}} : hierarchical code (with properly matching brackets and parentheses)
{{variable name#}} : statement code (hierarchical code without semicolon)
{{variable name$}} : plain code
{{variable name:boolean expression}} : conditional hierarchical code
{{variable name#:boolean expression}} : conditional statement code
{{variable name$:boolean expression}} : conditional plain code
They can have a boolean expression to require they match specific conditions :
HasText text
HasPrefix prefix
HasSuffix suffix
HasIdentifier text
false
true
!expression
expression && expression
expression || expression
( expression )
The #define
directive must not start or end with a parameter.
The #as
directive can use the value of the #define
parameters :
{{variable name}}
{{variable name:filter function}}
{{variable name:filter function:filter function:...}}
Their value can be changed through one or several filter functions :
LowerCase
UpperCase
MinorCase
MajorCase
SnakeCase
PascalCase
CamelCase
RemoveComments
RemoveBlanks
PackStrings
PackIdentifiers
ReplacePrefix old_prefix new_prefix
ReplaceSuffix old_suffix new_suffix
ReplaceText old_text new_text
ReplaceIdentifier old_identifier new_identifier
AddPrefix prefix
AddSuffix suffix
RemovePrefix prefix
RemoveSuffix suffix
RemoveText text
RemoveIdentifier identifier
Conditional code can be defined with the following syntax :
#if boolean expression
#if boolean expression
...
#else
...
#end
#else
#if boolean expression
...
#else
...
#end
#end
The boolean expression can use the following operators :
false
true
!expression
expression && expression
expression || expression
( expression )
Templated HTML code can be sent to a stream writer using the following syntax :
#write writer expression
<% code %>
<%@ natural expression %>
<%# integer expression %>
<%& real expression %>
<%~ text expression %>
<%= escaped text expression %>
<%! removed content %>
<%% ignored tags %%>
#end
--join
option requires to end the statements with a semicolon.#writer
directive is only available for the Go language.Install the DMD 2 compiler (using the MinGW setup option on Windows).
Build the executable with the following command line :
dmd -m64 generis.d
generis [options]
--prefix # : set the command prefix
--parse INPUT_FOLDER/ : parse the definitions of the Generis files in the input folder
--process INPUT_FOLDER/ OUTPUT_FOLDER/ : reads the Generis files in the input folder and writes the processed files in the output folder
--trim : trim the HTML templates
--join : join the split statements
--create : create the output folders if needed
--watch : watch the Generis files for modifications
--pause 500 : time to wait before checking the Generis files again
--tabulation 4 : set the tabulation space count
--extension .go : generate files with this extension
generis --process GS/ GO/
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder.
generis --process GS/ GO/ --create
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder, creating the output folders if needed.
generis --process GS/ GO/ --create --watch
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder, creating the output folders if needed and watching the Generis files for modifications.
generis --process GS/ GO/ --trim --join --create --watch
Reads the Generis files in the GS/
folder and writes Go files in the GO/
folder, trimming the HTML templates, joining the split statements, creating the output folders if needed and watching the Generis files for modifications.
2.0
Author: Senselogic
Source Code: https://github.com/senselogic/GENERIS
License: View license
1621137960
Having another pair of eyes scan your code is always useful and helps you spot mistakes before you break production. You need not be an expert to review someone’s code. Some experience with the programming language and a review checklist should help you get started. We’ve put together a list of things you should keep in mind when you’re reviewing Java code. Read on!
NullPointerException
…
#java #code quality #java tutorial #code analysis #code reviews #code review tips #code analysis tools #java tutorial for beginners #java code review
1604088000
There are more code smells. Let’s keep changing the aromas. We see several symptoms and situations that make us doubt the quality of our development. Let’s look at some possible solutions.
Most of these smells are just hints of something that might be wrong. They are not rigid rules.
This is part II. Part I can be found here.
The code is difficult to read, there are tricky with names without semantics. Sometimes using language’s accidental complexity.
_Image Source: NeONBRAND on _Unsplash
Problems
Solutions
Examples
Exceptions
Sample Code
Wrong
function primeFactors(n){
var f = [], i = 0, d = 2;
for (i = 0; n >= 2; ) {
if(n % d == 0){
f[i++]=(d);
n /= d;
}
else{
d++;
}
}
return f;
}
Right
function primeFactors(numberToFactor){
var factors = [],
divisor = 2,
remainder = numberToFactor;
while(remainder>=2){
if(remainder % divisor === 0){
factors.push(divisor);
remainder = remainder/ divisor;
}
else{
divisor++;
}
}
return factors;
}
Detection
Automatic detection is possible in some languages. Watch some warnings related to complexity, bad names, post increment variables, etc.
#pixel-face #code-smells #clean-code #stinky-code-parts #refactor-legacy-code #refactoring #stinky-code #common-code-smells