1663817795
In today's post we will learn about 10 Popular Rust Libraries for Cryptocurrencies.
What is Cryptocurrency?
A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Many cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology—a distributed ledger enforced by a disparate network of computers.
A defining feature of cryptocurrencies is that they are generally not issued by any central authority, rendering them theoretically immune to government interference or manipulation.
Table of contents:
Rust Ethereum Execution Layer (EL) Client (WIP)
Next-generation implementation of Ethereum protocol ("client") written in Rust, based on Erigon architecture.
Look at Mgas/s.
Installation instructions available on our website.
etk is a collection of tools for writing, reading, and analyzing EVM bytecode.
etk
requires the latest rustc
from the stable channel.
cargo install --features cli etk-asm etk-dasm
contract.etk
:
push1 42
push1 13
add
pop
$ eas contract.etk out.hex
$ disease --hex-file out.hex
0: push1 0x2a
2: push1 0x0d
4: add
5: pop
ecfg
requires z3 to build Ubuntu Installation Instructions (example):
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y z3
sudo apt-get install -y libz3-dev
Check the system logs to confirm that there are no related errors.
The etk
book is the most comprehensive guide to using etk
.
There are also several examples in the etk-asm/tests/asm
directory. For further questions, join us on Telegram.
Fully Decentralized Interchain Crypto Asset Management on Polkadot.
ChainX is a community-driven project built on the next-generation blockchain framework substrate, the largest Layer-2 network of Bitcoin using the Light-client protocol with smart contract support, spawn as the third relay chain besides Polkadot/Kusama. SherpaX and MiniX will be added as a parachain.
Based on the LayerZero protocol, the EVM Layer2 ecology on ChainX can share the liquidity of the EVM ecology such as ETH/BSC, and the POW payment coin such as BTC/DogeCoin can share the DAPP ecology of the EVM. light white paper. website
There have always been many problems in the crypto world, but there has never been a shortage of reforms and innovations.
However, the establishment of dapps on these mainstream public chains still faces some problems: the ecosystems of different public chains are separated from each other, and the isolation will disperse the value, until the value returns to 0, the aggregation can accumulate the value, making the value like The piles of wood are piled higher and higher. Also, we cannot exchange tokens on pancakeswap with those on Uniswap because they come from different ecosystems. This will prevent DEXs from having as much liquidity as CEXs. But we must embrace DEXs, because we all know that decentralization is the fundamental attribute and future of the encrypted world, and the meaning of encryption algorithms and even the whole web3 world is decentralization.
Based on this, ChainX, the layer 2 network of Bitcoin, will be committed to solving the above problems and aggregating these divided communities and ecology.
First, we adopted the mode of light node + multi-centralized hosting (integrated with Taproot aggregated signature + MAST contract + Signal distributed computing protocol). Then, we will adopt the on chain lightning network model to completely solve the scalability problem of POW tokens such as BTC in a completely decentralized way.
There are already many solutions for the decentralized cross-chain between EVM chains. We will absorb the LayerZero protocol to realize the cross-chain between decentralized EVM chains.
Later, an aggregation protocol will be deployed on ChainX EVM, so that our DEX can unify liquidity across platforms and chains: for example, pools on UniSwap and pools on PancakeSwap can share liquidity.
In addition, ChainX will realize the consistent mapping between ENS and other various public chain domain name systems. For example, the CID of ComingChat can be mapped with ENS, and ENS can be mapped with BTC addresses.
Aggregation and unification are eternal themes in the crypto world. Aggregation can make the crypto world closer and make web3 competitive enough to replace the web2 world. At the same time, aggregation also prevents LTC, BCH and other DAPP ecologically unprosperous communities from slowly going silent, and the prosperous EVM ecology will also become more prosperous because of aggregation.
Please refer to the docs for building and developing on ChainX platform.
A high performance blockchain kernel for enterprise users.
CITA is a fast and scalable blockchain kernel for enterprises. CITA supports both native contract and EVM contract, by which enterprise users can build their own blockchain applications. CITA has a unique architecture which enables enterprise users to release all their computing resources.
Horizontal scalability: With the microservice architecture, a logical node can be easily scaled to a cluster of servers. Node administrators can increase system capacity simply by adding more PC servers on high load. The administrator can even use dedicated servers to provide services for hot-spot accounts. Outside one node's boundary, nodes communicate with each other using P2P network; inside each node, microservices communicate with each other by messaging queue.
Customizable and Pluggable Components: CITA's microservices are loosely coupled and their communications are only via the message queue. Hence, it‘s flexible to improve current components with better algorithms (such as new consensus algorithms) or more appropriate technical solutions (such as new DBs or new privacy solutions). Moreover, business logic is extremely complicated in enterprise applications. With CITA, you can easily customize your blockchain with the certain feature to fit your own business requirements.
High Performance: In CITA, consensus and transaction execution are decoupled as separate microservices. The consensus service is only responsible for transaction ordering, which can finish independently before transaction execution, thus increase transaction processing performance. In additional, CITA also includes lots of other optimizations to fully utilize multi-cores and multi-servers' computing power. To this end, it utilizes the Rust language, a hybrid imperative/OO/functional language with an emphasis on efficiency.
Resiliency and Reliability: CITA provides tools to backup blockchain data by taking snapshot, which can help you to resync the blockchain data in a short time. And through Rust’s language-level memory and thread guarantees and a disciplined approach to exception-handling, we can state with a high degree of certainty that our code cannot crash, hang or bomb-out unexpectedly.
Compatibility: CITA supports the use of Solidity, Go, and Rust to develop smart contracts. It also supports all Ethereum development tools (Truffle, Zeppelin, Remix, etc.).
Chain Interoperability: We perceive that independent blockchains are constantly emerging nowadays and even more in the future. How do these chains interoperate with each other to form blockchain network? CITA Support cross-chain communication by providing a simple cross-chain protocol currently. More explorations are undertaking in CITA, aiming to amplify the value of applications running on the various chains.
Engineering Experience: There're many CITA networks running in banks, payment and insurance production environment, with Rivtower or CITA Integration Provider's technical support. CITA has accumulated a lot of engineering experience.
For more details please check the white paper.
CITA supports JSON-RPC and WebSocket (experimental) API/v1.
For CITA API/v1, You can use any HTTP client, or following SDKs:
Coinbase pro client in Rust, supports sync/async/websocket.
Cargo.toml:
[dependencies]
coinbase-pro-rs = "0.7.1"
use hyper::rt::Future;
use coinbase_pro_rs::{Public, ASync, SANDBOX_URL};
fn main() {
let client: Public<ASync> = Public::new_with_keep_alive(SANDBOX_URL, false);
// if keep_alive is not disables - tokio::run will hold the connection without exiting the example
let f = client.get_time()
.map_err(|_| ())
.and_then(|time| {
println!("Coinbase.time: {}", time.iso);
Ok(())
});
tokio::run(f); // waiting for tokio
}
use coinbase_pro_rs::{Public, Sync, SANDBOX_URL};
fn main() {
let client: Public<Sync> = Public::new(SANDBOX_URL);
let time = client.get_time().unwrap();
println!("Coinbase.time: {}", time.iso);
}
use futures::{Future, Stream};
use coinbase_pro_rs::{WSFeed, WS_SANDBOX_URL};
use coinbase_pro_rs::structs::wsfeed::*;
fn main() {
let stream = WSFeed::connect(WS_SANDBOX_URL,
&["BTC-USD"], &[ChannelType::Heartbeat])
.await
.unwrap();
let f = stream
.take(10)
.for_each(|msg| {
match msg {
Message::Heartbeat {sequence, last_trade_id, time, ..} => println!("{}: seq:{} id{}",
time, sequence, last_trade_id),
Message::Error {message} => println!("Error: {}", message),
Message::InternalError(_) => panic!("internal_error"),
other => println!("{:?}", other)
}
Ok(())
});
tokio::run(f.map_err(|_| panic!("stream fail")));
}
Diem’s mission is to enable a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people.
An efficient re-implementation of Electrum Server in Rust.
An efficient re-implementation of Electrum Server, inspired by ElectrumX, Electrum Personal Server and bitcoincore-indexd.
The motivation behind this project is to enable a user to self host an Electrum server, with required hardware resources not much beyond those of a full node. The server indexes the entire Bitcoin blockchain, and the resulting index enables fast queries for any given user wallet, allowing the user to keep real-time track of balances and transaction history using the Electrum wallet. Since it runs on the user's own machine, there is no need for the wallet to communicate with external Electrum servers, thus preserving the privacy of the user's addresses and balances.
Please prefer to use OUR usage guide!
External guides can be out-of-date and have various problems. At least double-check that the guide you're using is actively maintained. If you can't use our guide, please ask about what you don't understand or consider using automated deployments.
Note that this implementation of Electrum server is optimized for personal/small-scale (family/friends) usage. It's a bad idea to run it publicly as it'd expose you to DoS and maybe also other attacks. If you want to run a public server you may be interested in the Blockstream fork of electrs which is better optimized for public usage at the cost of consuming significantly more resources.
txindex
is not required for the Bitcoin nodeAltcoins are not supported! Forks of Bitcoin codebase that relax the consensus rules (hard forks) are also not supported.
You may be able to find a fork of electrs that does support them, look around or make your own, just don't file issues/PRs here.
The database schema is described here.
Our logo is generously provided by Dominik Průša under the MIT license. Based on the Electrum logo and the Rust language logo.
Encode and decode smart contract invocations.
The ABI, Application Binary Interface, is basically how you call functions in a contract and get data back.
An ABI determines such details as how functions are called and in which binary format information should be passed from one program component to the next...
An Ethereum smart contract is bytecode, EVM, on the Ethereum blockchain. Among the EVM, there could be several functions in a contract. An ABI is necessary so that you can specify which function in the contract to invoke, as well as get a guarantee that the function will return data in the format you are expecting.
cargo install ethabi-cli
Ethereum ABI coder.
Copyright 2016-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Limited
Usage:
ethabi encode function <abi-path> <function-name-or-signature> [-p <param>]... [-l | --lenient]
ethabi encode params [-v <type> <param>]... [-l | --lenient]
ethabi decode function <abi-path> <function-name-or-signature> <data>
ethabi decode params [-t <type>]... <data>
ethabi decode log <abi-path> <event-name-or-signature> [-l <topic>]... <data>
ethabi -h | --help
Options:
-h, --help Display this message and exit.
-l, --lenient Allow short representation of input params.
Commands:
encode Encode ABI call.
decode Decode ABI call result.
function Load function from json ABI file.
params Specify types of input params inline.
log Decode event log.
ethabi encode params -v bool 1
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode params -v bool 1 -v string gavofyork -v bool 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000096761766f66796f726b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi encode params -v bool[] [1,0,false]
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi encode params -v '(string,bool,string)' '(test,1,cyborg)'
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004746573740000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000066379626f72670000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json foo -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"name":"a",
"type":"bool"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": []
}]
455575780000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json foo(bool) -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"name":"a",
"type":"bool"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": []
}]
455575780000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json bar(bool) -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"name":"a",
"type":"bool"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": []
}]
6fae94120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json bar(string):(uint256) -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"type":"string"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": [{
"type": "uint256"
}]
}]
d473a8ed000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi decode params -t bool 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
bool true
--
ethabi decode params -t bool -t string -t bool 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000096761766f66796f726b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
bool true
string gavofyork
bool false
--
ethabi decode params -t bool[] 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
bool[] [true,false,false]
--
ethabi decode params -t '(string,bool,string)' 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000673706972616c000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067175617361720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000```
(string,bool,string) (spiral,true,quasar)
Custom Ethereum vanity address generator made in Rust.
Get a shiny ethereum address and stand out from the crowd!
Disclaimer: Do not use the private key shown in this demo; it's public, strangers could steal your Eth. Never share your private key with anyone. It's your and only your responsibility to keep your private key in secret.
--regex
/-e
): Use regex pattern matching--quiet
/-q
): Output only the results--stream
/-s
): Keep outputting results--color
/-c
): Enable/Disable colorsDownload the latest release here. To display usage, run ethaddrgen -h
or ethaddrgen --help
for a longer version. ethaddrgen
expects the last arguments to be patterns. If no patterns are provided as arguments, ethaddrgen
reads patterns from the standard input where each pattern is on a separate line.
The following command will look for an address starting with either c0ffee
, deadbeef
or c0c0a
. If you are on Windows, use ethaddrgen.exe
instead of ethaddrgen
.
ethaddrgen c0ffee deadbeef c0c0a
The following command will look for an address starting with 10 letters. If you are on Windows, use ethaddrgen.exe
instead of ethaddrgen
.
ethaddrgen -e '^[abcdef]{10}'
Note that while supplying multiple regex patterns is supported, it is not recommended to use a large list of regex patterns.
If no patterns are provided as arguments, patterns are read from the standard input. You can provide data to the standard input in various ways, depending on your platform:
Get-Content patterns.txt | ethaddrgen.exe
cat patterns.txt | ethaddrgen
# or
ethaddrgen < patterns.txt
where the patterns.txt
file is a newline-separated list of patterns, for example:
c0ffee
deadbeef
c0c0a
It is not recommended to use large pattern lists with regex, as combining these features significantly decreases performance.
Complete Ethereum & Celo library and wallet implementation in Rust.
Extensive documentation and examples are available here.
Alternatively, you may clone the repository and run cd ethers/ && cargo doc --open
You can also run any of the examples by executing: cargo run -p ethers --example <name>
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs" }
Tests require the following installed:
solc
(>=0.8.10). We also recommend using solc-select for more flexibility.anvil
geth
In addition, it is recommended that you set the ETHERSCAN_API_KEY
environment variable for the abigen via Etherscan tests. You can get one here.
There are many chains live which are Ethereum JSON-RPC & EVM compatible, but do not yet have support for EIP-2718 Typed Transactions. This means that transactions submitted to them by default in ethers-rs will have invalid serialization. To address that, you must use the legacy
feature flag:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["legacy"] }
There is abigen support for Polygon and the Mumbai test network. It is recommended that you set the POLYGONSCAN_API_KEY
environment variable. You can get one here.
There is abigen support for Avalanche and the Fuji test network. It is recommended that you set the SNOWTRACE_API_KEY
environment variable. You can get one here.
Celo support is turned on via the feature-flag celo
:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["celo"] }
Celo's transactions differ from Ethereum transactions by including 3 new fields:
fee_currency
: The currency fees are paid in (None for CELO, otherwise it's an Address)gateway_fee_recipient
: The address of the fee recipient (None for no gateway fee paid)gateway_fee
: Gateway fee amount (None for no gateway fee paid)The feature flag enables these additional fields in the transaction request builders and in the transactions which are fetched over JSON-RPC.
Stream
seth_subscribe
tracing
, parity_blockWithReceipts
)Websockets support is turned on via the feature-flag ws
:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["ws"] }
IPC support is turned on via the feature-flag ipc
:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["ipc"] }
Thank you for following this article.
Build a cryptocurrency! - Blockchain in Rust 01: Blocks & Hashing
#rust #blockchain #cryptocurrencies
1643176207
Serde
*Serde is a framework for serializing and deserializing Rust data structures efficiently and generically.*
You may be looking for:
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
Click to show Cargo.toml. Run this code in the playground.
[dependencies]
# The core APIs, including the Serialize and Deserialize traits. Always
# required when using Serde. The "derive" feature is only required when
# using #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)] to make Serde work with structs
# and enums defined in your crate.
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
# Each data format lives in its own crate; the sample code below uses JSON
# but you may be using a different one.
serde_json = "1.0"
use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
struct Point {
x: i32,
y: i32,
}
fn main() {
let point = Point { x: 1, y: 2 };
// Convert the Point to a JSON string.
let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&point).unwrap();
// Prints serialized = {"x":1,"y":2}
println!("serialized = {}", serialized);
// Convert the JSON string back to a Point.
let deserialized: Point = serde_json::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();
// Prints deserialized = Point { x: 1, y: 2 }
println!("deserialized = {:?}", deserialized);
}
Serde is one of the most widely used Rust libraries so any place that Rustaceans congregate will be able to help you out. For chat, consider trying the #rust-questions or #rust-beginners channels of the unofficial community Discord (invite: https://discord.gg/rust-lang-community), the #rust-usage or #beginners channels of the official Rust Project Discord (invite: https://discord.gg/rust-lang), or the #general stream in Zulip. For asynchronous, consider the [rust] tag on StackOverflow, the /r/rust subreddit which has a pinned weekly easy questions post, or the Rust Discourse forum. It's acceptable to file a support issue in this repo but they tend not to get as many eyes as any of the above and may get closed without a response after some time.
Download Details:
Author: serde-rs
Source Code: https://github.com/serde-rs/serde
License: View license
1624230000
In this video, we’re going over the top 10 crypto to invest in for 2021! I’ll go through the extended price history, a brief overview of each coin, and cost analysis. These are the best crypto to buy now!
I’ve done the research, and unfortunately there are hundreds/thousands of bad coins out there. In my opinion, the crypto on this list are reputable, more popular, and better long time holds than many other coins out there. I’ll do a walkthrough of each cryptocurrency and go through the stats. Some of the coins on the list are popular ones liked Bitcoin and Ethereum, and others are much less common like Thorchain (RUNE).
Crypto is definitely a risky investment so please invest at your own risk - I am not a financial advisor so this video should be taken for entertainment purposes only. Do your own due diligence before investing in anything - and I recommend doing an additional hour of research per coin or stock that you are considering.
📺 The video in this post was made by Charlie Chang
The origin of the article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zzQIeZkU6s
🔺 DISCLAIMER: The article is for information sharing. The content of this video is solely the opinions of the speaker who is not a licensed financial advisor or registered investment advisor. Not investment advice or legal advice.
Cryptocurrency trading is VERY risky. Make sure you understand these risks and that you are responsible for what you do with your money
🔥 If you’re a beginner. I believe the article below will be useful to you ☞ What You Should Know Before Investing in Cryptocurrency - For Beginner
⭐ ⭐ ⭐The project is of interest to the community. Join to Get free ‘GEEK coin’ (GEEKCASH coin)!
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Thanks for visiting and watching! Please don’t forget to leave a like, comment and share!
#bitcoin #blockchain #cryptocurrency #top 10 cryptocurrency to buy in 2021 #top cryptocurrency to buy #top 10 cryptocurrency to buy in 2021 (high growth)
1663817795
In today's post we will learn about 10 Popular Rust Libraries for Cryptocurrencies.
What is Cryptocurrency?
A cryptocurrency is a digital or virtual currency that is secured by cryptography, which makes it nearly impossible to counterfeit or double-spend. Many cryptocurrencies are decentralized networks based on blockchain technology—a distributed ledger enforced by a disparate network of computers.
A defining feature of cryptocurrencies is that they are generally not issued by any central authority, rendering them theoretically immune to government interference or manipulation.
Table of contents:
Rust Ethereum Execution Layer (EL) Client (WIP)
Next-generation implementation of Ethereum protocol ("client") written in Rust, based on Erigon architecture.
Look at Mgas/s.
Installation instructions available on our website.
etk is a collection of tools for writing, reading, and analyzing EVM bytecode.
etk
requires the latest rustc
from the stable channel.
cargo install --features cli etk-asm etk-dasm
contract.etk
:
push1 42
push1 13
add
pop
$ eas contract.etk out.hex
$ disease --hex-file out.hex
0: push1 0x2a
2: push1 0x0d
4: add
5: pop
ecfg
requires z3 to build Ubuntu Installation Instructions (example):
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y z3
sudo apt-get install -y libz3-dev
Check the system logs to confirm that there are no related errors.
The etk
book is the most comprehensive guide to using etk
.
There are also several examples in the etk-asm/tests/asm
directory. For further questions, join us on Telegram.
Fully Decentralized Interchain Crypto Asset Management on Polkadot.
ChainX is a community-driven project built on the next-generation blockchain framework substrate, the largest Layer-2 network of Bitcoin using the Light-client protocol with smart contract support, spawn as the third relay chain besides Polkadot/Kusama. SherpaX and MiniX will be added as a parachain.
Based on the LayerZero protocol, the EVM Layer2 ecology on ChainX can share the liquidity of the EVM ecology such as ETH/BSC, and the POW payment coin such as BTC/DogeCoin can share the DAPP ecology of the EVM. light white paper. website
There have always been many problems in the crypto world, but there has never been a shortage of reforms and innovations.
However, the establishment of dapps on these mainstream public chains still faces some problems: the ecosystems of different public chains are separated from each other, and the isolation will disperse the value, until the value returns to 0, the aggregation can accumulate the value, making the value like The piles of wood are piled higher and higher. Also, we cannot exchange tokens on pancakeswap with those on Uniswap because they come from different ecosystems. This will prevent DEXs from having as much liquidity as CEXs. But we must embrace DEXs, because we all know that decentralization is the fundamental attribute and future of the encrypted world, and the meaning of encryption algorithms and even the whole web3 world is decentralization.
Based on this, ChainX, the layer 2 network of Bitcoin, will be committed to solving the above problems and aggregating these divided communities and ecology.
First, we adopted the mode of light node + multi-centralized hosting (integrated with Taproot aggregated signature + MAST contract + Signal distributed computing protocol). Then, we will adopt the on chain lightning network model to completely solve the scalability problem of POW tokens such as BTC in a completely decentralized way.
There are already many solutions for the decentralized cross-chain between EVM chains. We will absorb the LayerZero protocol to realize the cross-chain between decentralized EVM chains.
Later, an aggregation protocol will be deployed on ChainX EVM, so that our DEX can unify liquidity across platforms and chains: for example, pools on UniSwap and pools on PancakeSwap can share liquidity.
In addition, ChainX will realize the consistent mapping between ENS and other various public chain domain name systems. For example, the CID of ComingChat can be mapped with ENS, and ENS can be mapped with BTC addresses.
Aggregation and unification are eternal themes in the crypto world. Aggregation can make the crypto world closer and make web3 competitive enough to replace the web2 world. At the same time, aggregation also prevents LTC, BCH and other DAPP ecologically unprosperous communities from slowly going silent, and the prosperous EVM ecology will also become more prosperous because of aggregation.
Please refer to the docs for building and developing on ChainX platform.
A high performance blockchain kernel for enterprise users.
CITA is a fast and scalable blockchain kernel for enterprises. CITA supports both native contract and EVM contract, by which enterprise users can build their own blockchain applications. CITA has a unique architecture which enables enterprise users to release all their computing resources.
Horizontal scalability: With the microservice architecture, a logical node can be easily scaled to a cluster of servers. Node administrators can increase system capacity simply by adding more PC servers on high load. The administrator can even use dedicated servers to provide services for hot-spot accounts. Outside one node's boundary, nodes communicate with each other using P2P network; inside each node, microservices communicate with each other by messaging queue.
Customizable and Pluggable Components: CITA's microservices are loosely coupled and their communications are only via the message queue. Hence, it‘s flexible to improve current components with better algorithms (such as new consensus algorithms) or more appropriate technical solutions (such as new DBs or new privacy solutions). Moreover, business logic is extremely complicated in enterprise applications. With CITA, you can easily customize your blockchain with the certain feature to fit your own business requirements.
High Performance: In CITA, consensus and transaction execution are decoupled as separate microservices. The consensus service is only responsible for transaction ordering, which can finish independently before transaction execution, thus increase transaction processing performance. In additional, CITA also includes lots of other optimizations to fully utilize multi-cores and multi-servers' computing power. To this end, it utilizes the Rust language, a hybrid imperative/OO/functional language with an emphasis on efficiency.
Resiliency and Reliability: CITA provides tools to backup blockchain data by taking snapshot, which can help you to resync the blockchain data in a short time. And through Rust’s language-level memory and thread guarantees and a disciplined approach to exception-handling, we can state with a high degree of certainty that our code cannot crash, hang or bomb-out unexpectedly.
Compatibility: CITA supports the use of Solidity, Go, and Rust to develop smart contracts. It also supports all Ethereum development tools (Truffle, Zeppelin, Remix, etc.).
Chain Interoperability: We perceive that independent blockchains are constantly emerging nowadays and even more in the future. How do these chains interoperate with each other to form blockchain network? CITA Support cross-chain communication by providing a simple cross-chain protocol currently. More explorations are undertaking in CITA, aiming to amplify the value of applications running on the various chains.
Engineering Experience: There're many CITA networks running in banks, payment and insurance production environment, with Rivtower or CITA Integration Provider's technical support. CITA has accumulated a lot of engineering experience.
For more details please check the white paper.
CITA supports JSON-RPC and WebSocket (experimental) API/v1.
For CITA API/v1, You can use any HTTP client, or following SDKs:
Coinbase pro client in Rust, supports sync/async/websocket.
Cargo.toml:
[dependencies]
coinbase-pro-rs = "0.7.1"
use hyper::rt::Future;
use coinbase_pro_rs::{Public, ASync, SANDBOX_URL};
fn main() {
let client: Public<ASync> = Public::new_with_keep_alive(SANDBOX_URL, false);
// if keep_alive is not disables - tokio::run will hold the connection without exiting the example
let f = client.get_time()
.map_err(|_| ())
.and_then(|time| {
println!("Coinbase.time: {}", time.iso);
Ok(())
});
tokio::run(f); // waiting for tokio
}
use coinbase_pro_rs::{Public, Sync, SANDBOX_URL};
fn main() {
let client: Public<Sync> = Public::new(SANDBOX_URL);
let time = client.get_time().unwrap();
println!("Coinbase.time: {}", time.iso);
}
use futures::{Future, Stream};
use coinbase_pro_rs::{WSFeed, WS_SANDBOX_URL};
use coinbase_pro_rs::structs::wsfeed::*;
fn main() {
let stream = WSFeed::connect(WS_SANDBOX_URL,
&["BTC-USD"], &[ChannelType::Heartbeat])
.await
.unwrap();
let f = stream
.take(10)
.for_each(|msg| {
match msg {
Message::Heartbeat {sequence, last_trade_id, time, ..} => println!("{}: seq:{} id{}",
time, sequence, last_trade_id),
Message::Error {message} => println!("Error: {}", message),
Message::InternalError(_) => panic!("internal_error"),
other => println!("{:?}", other)
}
Ok(())
});
tokio::run(f.map_err(|_| panic!("stream fail")));
}
Diem’s mission is to enable a simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people.
An efficient re-implementation of Electrum Server in Rust.
An efficient re-implementation of Electrum Server, inspired by ElectrumX, Electrum Personal Server and bitcoincore-indexd.
The motivation behind this project is to enable a user to self host an Electrum server, with required hardware resources not much beyond those of a full node. The server indexes the entire Bitcoin blockchain, and the resulting index enables fast queries for any given user wallet, allowing the user to keep real-time track of balances and transaction history using the Electrum wallet. Since it runs on the user's own machine, there is no need for the wallet to communicate with external Electrum servers, thus preserving the privacy of the user's addresses and balances.
Please prefer to use OUR usage guide!
External guides can be out-of-date and have various problems. At least double-check that the guide you're using is actively maintained. If you can't use our guide, please ask about what you don't understand or consider using automated deployments.
Note that this implementation of Electrum server is optimized for personal/small-scale (family/friends) usage. It's a bad idea to run it publicly as it'd expose you to DoS and maybe also other attacks. If you want to run a public server you may be interested in the Blockstream fork of electrs which is better optimized for public usage at the cost of consuming significantly more resources.
txindex
is not required for the Bitcoin nodeAltcoins are not supported! Forks of Bitcoin codebase that relax the consensus rules (hard forks) are also not supported.
You may be able to find a fork of electrs that does support them, look around or make your own, just don't file issues/PRs here.
The database schema is described here.
Our logo is generously provided by Dominik Průša under the MIT license. Based on the Electrum logo and the Rust language logo.
Encode and decode smart contract invocations.
The ABI, Application Binary Interface, is basically how you call functions in a contract and get data back.
An ABI determines such details as how functions are called and in which binary format information should be passed from one program component to the next...
An Ethereum smart contract is bytecode, EVM, on the Ethereum blockchain. Among the EVM, there could be several functions in a contract. An ABI is necessary so that you can specify which function in the contract to invoke, as well as get a guarantee that the function will return data in the format you are expecting.
cargo install ethabi-cli
Ethereum ABI coder.
Copyright 2016-2017 Parity Technologies (UK) Limited
Usage:
ethabi encode function <abi-path> <function-name-or-signature> [-p <param>]... [-l | --lenient]
ethabi encode params [-v <type> <param>]... [-l | --lenient]
ethabi decode function <abi-path> <function-name-or-signature> <data>
ethabi decode params [-t <type>]... <data>
ethabi decode log <abi-path> <event-name-or-signature> [-l <topic>]... <data>
ethabi -h | --help
Options:
-h, --help Display this message and exit.
-l, --lenient Allow short representation of input params.
Commands:
encode Encode ABI call.
decode Decode ABI call result.
function Load function from json ABI file.
params Specify types of input params inline.
log Decode event log.
ethabi encode params -v bool 1
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode params -v bool 1 -v string gavofyork -v bool 0
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000096761766f66796f726b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi encode params -v bool[] [1,0,false]
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi encode params -v '(string,bool,string)' '(test,1,cyborg)'
00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000004746573740000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000066379626f72670000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json foo -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"name":"a",
"type":"bool"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": []
}]
455575780000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json foo(bool) -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"name":"a",
"type":"bool"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": []
}]
455575780000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json bar(bool) -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"name":"a",
"type":"bool"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": []
}]
6fae94120000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
--
ethabi encode function examples/test.json bar(string):(uint256) -p 1
[{
"type":"function",
"inputs": [{
"type":"string"
}],
"name":"foo",
"outputs": [{
"type": "uint256"
}]
}]
d473a8ed000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000013100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--
ethabi decode params -t bool 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
bool true
--
ethabi decode params -t bool -t string -t bool 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000096761766f66796f726b0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
bool true
string gavofyork
bool false
--
ethabi decode params -t bool[] 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
bool[] [true,false,false]
--
ethabi decode params -t '(string,bool,string)' 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000673706972616c000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000067175617361720000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000```
(string,bool,string) (spiral,true,quasar)
Custom Ethereum vanity address generator made in Rust.
Get a shiny ethereum address and stand out from the crowd!
Disclaimer: Do not use the private key shown in this demo; it's public, strangers could steal your Eth. Never share your private key with anyone. It's your and only your responsibility to keep your private key in secret.
--regex
/-e
): Use regex pattern matching--quiet
/-q
): Output only the results--stream
/-s
): Keep outputting results--color
/-c
): Enable/Disable colorsDownload the latest release here. To display usage, run ethaddrgen -h
or ethaddrgen --help
for a longer version. ethaddrgen
expects the last arguments to be patterns. If no patterns are provided as arguments, ethaddrgen
reads patterns from the standard input where each pattern is on a separate line.
The following command will look for an address starting with either c0ffee
, deadbeef
or c0c0a
. If you are on Windows, use ethaddrgen.exe
instead of ethaddrgen
.
ethaddrgen c0ffee deadbeef c0c0a
The following command will look for an address starting with 10 letters. If you are on Windows, use ethaddrgen.exe
instead of ethaddrgen
.
ethaddrgen -e '^[abcdef]{10}'
Note that while supplying multiple regex patterns is supported, it is not recommended to use a large list of regex patterns.
If no patterns are provided as arguments, patterns are read from the standard input. You can provide data to the standard input in various ways, depending on your platform:
Get-Content patterns.txt | ethaddrgen.exe
cat patterns.txt | ethaddrgen
# or
ethaddrgen < patterns.txt
where the patterns.txt
file is a newline-separated list of patterns, for example:
c0ffee
deadbeef
c0c0a
It is not recommended to use large pattern lists with regex, as combining these features significantly decreases performance.
Complete Ethereum & Celo library and wallet implementation in Rust.
Extensive documentation and examples are available here.
Alternatively, you may clone the repository and run cd ethers/ && cargo doc --open
You can also run any of the examples by executing: cargo run -p ethers --example <name>
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs" }
Tests require the following installed:
solc
(>=0.8.10). We also recommend using solc-select for more flexibility.anvil
geth
In addition, it is recommended that you set the ETHERSCAN_API_KEY
environment variable for the abigen via Etherscan tests. You can get one here.
There are many chains live which are Ethereum JSON-RPC & EVM compatible, but do not yet have support for EIP-2718 Typed Transactions. This means that transactions submitted to them by default in ethers-rs will have invalid serialization. To address that, you must use the legacy
feature flag:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["legacy"] }
There is abigen support for Polygon and the Mumbai test network. It is recommended that you set the POLYGONSCAN_API_KEY
environment variable. You can get one here.
There is abigen support for Avalanche and the Fuji test network. It is recommended that you set the SNOWTRACE_API_KEY
environment variable. You can get one here.
Celo support is turned on via the feature-flag celo
:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["celo"] }
Celo's transactions differ from Ethereum transactions by including 3 new fields:
fee_currency
: The currency fees are paid in (None for CELO, otherwise it's an Address)gateway_fee_recipient
: The address of the fee recipient (None for no gateway fee paid)gateway_fee
: Gateway fee amount (None for no gateway fee paid)The feature flag enables these additional fields in the transaction request builders and in the transactions which are fetched over JSON-RPC.
Stream
seth_subscribe
tracing
, parity_blockWithReceipts
)Websockets support is turned on via the feature-flag ws
:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["ws"] }
IPC support is turned on via the feature-flag ipc
:
[dependencies]
ethers = { git = "https://github.com/gakonst/ethers-rs", features = ["ipc"] }
Thank you for following this article.
Build a cryptocurrency! - Blockchain in Rust 01: Blocks & Hashing
1658878980
(This suite of tools is 100% compatible with branches. If you think this is confusing, you can suggest a new name here.)
git-branchless
is a suite of tools which enhances Git in several ways:
It makes Git easier to use, both for novices and for power users. Examples:
git undo
: a general-purpose undo command. See the blog post git undo: We can do better.git restack
: to repair broken commit graphs.It adds more flexibility for power users. Examples:
git sync
: to rebase all local commit stacks and branches without having to check them out first.git move
: The ability to move subtrees rather than "sticks" while cleaning up old branches, not touching the working copy, etc.git next/prev
: to quickly jump between commits and branches in a commit stack.git co -i/--interactive
: to interactively select a commit to check out.It provides faster operations for large repositories and monorepos, particularly at large tech companies. Examples:
git status
or invalidate build artifacts).git-branchless
provides the fastest implementation of rebase among Git tools and UIs, for the above reasons.See also the User guide and Design goals.
Undo almost anything:
Why not git reflog
?
git reflog
is a tool to view the previous position of a single reference (like HEAD
), which can be used to undo operations. But since it only tracks the position of a single reference, complicated operations like rebases can be tedious to reverse-engineer. git undo
operates at a higher level of abstraction: the entire state of your repository.
git reflog
also fundamentally can't be used to undo some rare operations, such as certain branch creations, updates, and deletions. See the architecture document for more details.
What doesn't git undo
handle?
git undo
relies on features in recent versions of Git to work properly. See the compatibility chart.
Currently, git undo
can't undo the following. You can find the design document to handle some of these cases in issue #10.
git reset HEAD^
.git uncommit
command instead. See issue #3.git status
shows a message like path/to/file (both modified)
, so that you can resolve that specific conflict differently. This is tracked by issue #10 above.Fundamentally, git undo
is not intended to handle changes to untracked files.
Comparison to other Git undo tools
gitjk
: Requires a shell alias. Only undoes most recent command. Only handles some Git operations (e.g. doesn't handle rebases).git-extras/git-undo
: Only undoes commits at current HEAD
.git-annex undo
: Only undoes the most recent change to a given file or directory.thefuck
: Only undoes historical shell commands. Only handles some Git operations (e.g. doesn't handle rebases).Visualize your commit history with the smartlog (git sl
):
Why not `git log --graph`?
git log --graph
only shows commits which have branches attached with them. If you prefer to work without branches, then git log --graph
won't work for you.
To support users who rewrite their commit graph extensively, git sl
also points out commits which have been abandoned and need to be repaired (descendants of commits marked with rewritten as abcd1234
). They can be automatically fixed up with git restack
, or manually handled.
Edit your commit graph without fear:
Why not `git rebase -i`?
Interactive rebasing with git rebase -i
is fully supported, but it has a couple of shortcomings:
git rebase -i
can only repair linear series of commits, not trees. If you modify a commit with multiple children, then you have to be sure to rebase all of the other children commits appropriately.When you use git rebase -i
with git-branchless
, you will be prompted to repair your commit graph if you abandon any commits.
See https://github.com/arxanas/git-branchless/wiki/Installation.
Short version: run cargo install --locked git-branchless
, then run git branchless init
in your repository.
git-branchless
is currently in alpha. Be prepared for breaking changes, as some of the workflows and architecture may change in the future. It's believed that there are no major bugs, but it has not yet been comprehensively battle-tested. You can see the known issues in the issue tracker.
git-branchless
follows semantic versioning. New 0.x.y versions, and new major versions after reaching 1.0.0, may change the on-disk format in a backward-incompatible way.
To be notified about new versions, select Watch » Custom » Releases in Github's notifications menu at the top of the page. Or use GitPunch to deliver notifications by email.
There's a lot of promising tooling developing in this space. See Related tools for more information.
Thanks for your interest in contributing! If you'd like, I'm happy to set up a call to help you onboard.
For code contributions, check out the Runbook to understand how to set up a development workflow, and the Coding guidelines. You may also want to read the Architecture documentation.
For contributing documentation, see the Wiki style guide.
Contributors should abide by the Code of Conduct.
Download details:
Author: arxanas
Source code: https://github.com/arxanas/git-branchless
License: GPL-2.0 license
#rust #rustlang #git
1589617221
Go and Rust are two of the hottest compiled programming languages. I develop in Go full-time and love it, and I’m learning more about Rust recently – its an exciting language. Let’s explore some differences between the two and look at which is growing faster in the popularity polls.
#Engineering #Golang #Programming #Rust #comparison #go #popular #rust