From Roman to Modern Times

Or how to make your machine read Roman numerals with this JavaScript algorithm. We’re so used to our regular numbers — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 — that we forget we haven’t always had those.

We’re so used to our regular numbers — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 — that we forget we haven’t always had those. There were quite a few numeral systems in the history of mankind, but most of them are no longer in use. However, Roman numerals are still in (sort of) use, especially if you have a grandfather’s clock and want to know the time. 😁

Most of us have been taught how to read Roman numerals as kids and we do that almost instinctively. Here’s a primer how to read them:

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000

For example, 2 is written as II in Roman numeral — just two one's added together. 12 is written as XII, which is X + II. 27 is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, as numbers increase, at some point, it makes more sense to subtract the lower number from the larger number. For example, 9 is not VIIII but IX,40 is not XXXX but XV, etc. It’s easy to explain that to a fellow human, but how can we explain that to a machine? We need to write a fool-proof algorithm to do that!

First, let’s just translate Roman numerals to regular numbers in the order they appear. For example, XLVII would be 10, 50, 5, 1, 1. To do that we’ll use a for loop, and we’ll be checking if the current numeral in the string (s) is one of the Roman numerals. For example, if it’s I, we’ll be adding 1 to the array of numbers that we created beforehand, and if it’s X, we’ll be adding 10.

javascript front-end-development programming web-development algorithms

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