Best 50 React Interview Questions and Answers in 2019

If you are an aspiring front end developer and preparing for interviews, then this article is for you. Best 50 React Interview Questions is the perfect guide for you to learn all the concepts required to clear a React interview.

But before starting with the React Interview Questions, let’s take a quick look at React’s demand and status in the market.

As of today, there are about 1,000 contributors on Github. Unique features like Virtual DOM and reusable components grab the attention of front end developers. Despite being just a library for ‘View’ in MVC (Model-View-Controller), it’s giving strong competition to full-blown frameworks like Angular, Meteor, Vue, etc. Check out the belo2w graph which shows the trend of popular JS frameworks:

React Interview Questions

So, here are the Top 50 React Interview Questions and Answers which are most likely to be asked by the interviewer. For your ease of access, I have categorized the React interview questions namely:
General React React Component React Redux React Router## General React – React Interview Questions

1. Differentiate between Real DOM and Virtual DOM.

2. What is React?

React is a front-end JavaScript library developed by Facebook in 2011. It follows the component based approach which helps in building reusable UI components. It is used for developing complex and interactive web and mobile UI. Even though it was open-sourced only in 2015, it has one of the largest communities supporting it.### 3. What are the features of React?

Major features of React are listed below:
It uses the virtual DOM instead of the real DOM.It uses server-side rendering.It follows uni-directional data flow or data binding.### 4. List some of the major advantages of React.

Some of the major advantages of React are:
It increases the application’s performanceIt can be conveniently used on the client as well as server sideBecause of JSX, code’s readability increasesReact is easy to integrate with other frameworks like Meteor, Angular, etcUsing React, writing UI test cases become extremely easy### 5. What are the limitations of React?

Limitations of React are listed below:
React is just a library, not a full-blown frameworkIts library is very large and takes time to understandIt can be little difficult for the novice programmers to understandCoding gets complex as it uses inline templating and JSX### 6. What is JSX?

JSX is a shorthand for JavaScript XML. This is a type of file used by React which utilizes the expressiveness of JavaScript along with HTML like template syntax. This makes the HTML file really easy to understand. This file makes applications robust and boosts its performance. Below is an example of JSX:

render(){
    return(       
          
 
 
<div>
             
 
 
<h1> Hello World from Edureka!!</h1>
 
 
 
         </div>
 
 
 
    );
}

7. What do you understand by Virtual DOM? Explain its working.

A virtual DOM is a lightweight JavaScript object which originally is just the copy of the real DOM. It is a node tree that lists the elements, their attributes and content as Objects and their properties. React’s render function creates a node tree out of the React components. It then updates this tree in response to the mutations in the data model which is caused by various actions done by the user or by the system.

This Virtual DOM works in three simple steps.
Whenever any underlying data changes, the entire UI is re-rendered in Virtual DOM representation.Then the difference between the previous DOM representation and the new one is calculated.Once the calculations are done, the real DOM will be updated with only the things that have actually changed. ### 8. Why can’t browsers read JSX?

Browsers can only read JavaScript objects but JSX in not a regular JavaScript object. Thus to enable a browser to read JSX, first, we need to transform JSX file into a JavaScript object using JSX transformers like Babel and then pass it to the browser.

9. How different is React’s ES6 syntax when compared to ES5?

Syntax has changed from ES5 to ES6 in following aspects:
equire vs import

// ES5
var React = require('react');
 
// ES6
import React from 'react';

export vs exports

// ES5
module.exports = Component;
 
// ES6
export default Component;

component and function

// ES5
var MyComponent = React.createClass({
    render: function() {
        return
 
 
<h3>Hello Edureka!</h3>
 
 
 
;
    }
});
 
// ES6
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return
 
 
<h3>Hello Edureka!</h3>
 
 
 
;
    }
}

props

// ES5
var App = React.createClass({
    propTypes: { name: React.PropTypes.string },
    render: function() {
        return
 
 
<h3>Hello, {this.props.name}!</h3>
 
 
 
;
    }
});
 
// ES6
class App extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return
 
 
<h3>Hello, {this.props.name}!</h3>
 
 
 
;
    }
}

state

// ES5
var App = React.createClass({
    getInitialState: function() {
        return { name: 'world' };
    },
    render: function() {
        return
 
 
<h3>Hello, {this.state.name}!</h3>
 
 
 
;
    }
});
 
// ES6
class App extends React.Component {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.state = { name: 'world' };
    }
    render() {
        return
 
 
<h3>Hello, {this.state.name}!</h3>
 
 
 
;
    }
}

10. How is React different from Angular?

React Components – React Interview Questions

11. What do you understand from “In React, everything is a component.”

Components are the building blocks of a React application’s UI. These components split up the entire UI into small independent and reusable pieces. Then it renders each of these components independent of each other without affecting the rest of the UI.

12. Explain the purpose of render() in React.

Each React component must have a **render() **mandatorily. It returns a single React element which is the representation of the native DOM component. If more than one HTML element needs to be rendered, then they must be grouped together inside one enclosing tag such as

, ,

etc. This function must be kept pure i.e., it must return the same result each time it is invoked.

13. How can you embed two or more components into one?

We can embed components into one in the following way:

class MyComponent extends React.Component{
    render(){
        return(         
             
 
 
<div>
               
                 
 
 
<h1>Hello</h1>
 
 
 
                <Header/>
            </div>
 
 
 
        );
    }
}
class Header extends React.Component{
    render(){
        return
 
 
<h1>Header Component</h1>
 
 
 
    
   };
}
ReactDOM.render(
    <MyComponent/>, document.getElementById('content')
);

14. What is Props?

Props is the shorthand for Properties in React. They are read-only components which must be kept pure i.e. immutable. They are always passed down from the parent to the child components throughout the application. A child component can never send a prop back to the parent component. This help in maintaining the unidirectional data flow and are generally used to render the dynamically generated data.

15. What is a state in React and how is it used?

States are the heart of React components. States are the source of data and must be kept as simple as possible. Basically, states are the objects which determine components rendering and behavior. They are mutable unlike the props and create dynamic and interactive components. They are accessed via this.state().

16. Differentiate between states and props.

17. How can you update the state of a component?

State of a component can be updated using this.setState().

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
    constructor() {
        super();
        this.state = {
            name: 'Maxx',
            id: '101'
        }
    }
    render()
        {
            setTimeout(()=>{this.setState({name:'Jaeha', id:'222'})},2000)
            return (             
                    
 
 
<div>
                   
                      
 
 
<h1>Hello {this.state.name}</h1>
 
 
 
                 
                      
 
 
<h2>Your Id is {this.state.id}</h2>
 
 
 
                   </div>
 
 
 
            );
        }
    }
ReactDOM.render(
    <MyComponent/>, document.getElementById('content')
);

18. What is arrow function in React? How is it used?

Arrow functions are more of brief syntax for writing the function expression. They are also called ‘fat arrow‘ (=>) the functions. These functions allow to bind the context of the components properly since in ES6 auto binding is not available by default. Arrow functions are mostly useful while working with the higher order functions.

//General way
render() {   
    return(
        <MyInput onChange={this.handleChange.bind(this) } />
    );
}
//With Arrow Function
render() { 
    return(
        <MyInput onChange={ (e) => this.handleOnChange(e) } />
    );
}

19. Differentiate between stateful and stateless components.

20. What are the different phases of React component’s lifecycle?

There are three different phases of React component’s lifecycle:
Initial Rendering Phase: This is the phase when the component is about to start its life journey and make its way to the DOM.*Updating Phase: *Once the component gets added to the DOM, it can potentially update and re-render only when a prop or state change occurs. That happens only in this phase.*Unmounting Phase: *This is the final phase of a component’s life cycle in which the component is destroyed and removed from the DOM.### 21. Explain the lifecycle methods of React components in detail.

Some of the most important lifecycle methods are:
componentWillMount() – **Executed just before rendering takes place both on the client as well as server-side.componentDidMount() – **Executed on the client side only after the first render.***componentWillReceiveProps() ***– Invoked as soon as the props are received from the parent class and before another render is called.shouldComponentUpdate() – **Returns true or false value based on certain conditions. If you want your component to update, return true else return false. By default, it returns false.*componentWillUpdate() *– Called just before rendering takes place in the DOM.componentDidUpdate() – **Called immediately after rendering takes place.*componentWillUnmount() *– Called after the component is unmounted from the DOM. It is used to clear up the memory spaces.### 22. What is an event in React?

In React, events are the triggered reactions to specific actions like mouse hover, mouse click, key press, etc. Handling these events are similar to handling events in DOM elements. But there are some syntactical differences like:
Events are named using camel case instead of just using the lowercase.Events are passed as functions instead of strings.
The event argument contains a set of properties, which are specific to an event. Each event type contains its own properties and behavior which can be accessed via its event handler only.

23. How do you create an event in React?

class Display extends React.Component({   
    show(evt) {
        // code  
    },  
    render() {     
        // Render the div with an onClick prop (value is a function)        
        return (           
           
 
 
<div onClick={this.show}>Click Me!</div>
 
 
 
        );   
    }
});

24. What are synthetic events in React?

Synthetic events are the objects which act as a cross-browser wrapper around the browser’s native event. They combine the behavior of different browsers into one API. This is done to make sure that the events show consistent properties across different browsers.

25. What do you understand by refs in React?

Refs is the short hand for References in React. It is an attribute which helps to store a reference to a particular React element or component, which will be returned by the components render configuration function. It is used to return references to a particular element or component returned by render(). They come in handy when we need DOM measurements or to add methods to the components.

class ReferenceDemo extends React.Component{
     display() {
         const name = this.inputDemo.value;
         document.getElementById('disp').innerHTML = name;
     }
render() {
    return(       
          
 
 
<div>
            Name: <input type="text" ref={input => this.inputDemo = input} />
            <button name="Click" onClick={this.display}>Click</button>            
             
 
 
<h2>Hello <span id="disp"></span> !!!</h2>
 
 
 
        </div>
 
 
 
    );
   }
 }

26. List some of the cases when you should use Refs.

Following are the cases when refs should be used:
When you need to manage focus, select text or media playbackTo trigger imperative animationsIntegrate with third-party DOM libraries### 27. How do you modularize code in React?

We can modularize code by using the export and import properties. They help in writing the components separately in different files.

//ChildComponent.jsx
export default class ChildComponent extends React.Component {
    render() {
        return(          
              
 
 
<div>
              
                 
 
 
<h1>This is a child component</h1>
 
 
 
            </div>
 
 
 
        );
    }
}
 
//ParentComponent.jsx
import ChildComponent from './childcomponent.js';
class ParentComponent extends React.Component {   
    render() {       
        return(          
             
 
 
<div>              
                <App />         
            </div>
 
 
 
        
        ); 
    }
}

28. How are forms created in React?

React forms are similar to HTML forms. But in React, the state is contained in the state property of the component and is only updated via setState(). Thus the elements can’t directly update their state and their submission is handled by a JavaScript function. This function has full access to the data that is entered by the user into a form.

handleSubmit(event) {
    alert('A name was submitted: ' + this.state.value);
    event.preventDefault();
}
 
render() {
    return (       
         
 
 
<form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
            <label>
                Name:
                <input type="text" value={this.state.value} onChange={this.handleSubmit} />
            </label>
            <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
        </form>
 
 
 
    );
}

29. What do you know about controlled and uncontrolled components?

30. What are Higher Order Components(HOC)?

Higher Order Component is an advanced way of reusing the component logic. Basically, it’s a pattern that is derived from React’s compositional nature. HOC are custom components which wrap another component within it. They can accept any dynamically provided child component but they won’t modify or copy any behavior from their input components. You can say that HOC are ‘pure’ components.

31. What can you do with HOC?

HOC can be used for many tasks like:
Code reuse, logic and bootstrap abstractionRender High jackingState abstraction and manipulationProps manipulation### 32. What are Pure Components?

*Pure *components are the simplest and fastest components which can be written. They can replace any component which only has a **render(). **These components enhance the simplicity of the code and performance of the application.

33. What is the significance of keys in React?

Keys are used for identifying unique Virtual DOM Elements with their corresponding data driving the UI. They help React to optimize the rendering by recycling all the existing elements in the DOM. These keys must be a unique number or string, using which React just reorders the elements instead of re-rendering them. This leads to increase in application’s performance.

React Redux – React Interview Questions

34. What were the major problems with MVC framework?

Following are some of the major problems with MVC framework:
DOM manipulation was very expensiveApplications were slow and inefficientThere was huge memory wastageBecause of circular dependencies, a complicated model was created around models and views### 35. Explain Flux.

Flux is an architectural pattern which enforces the uni-directional data flow. It controls derived data and enables communication between multiple components using a central Store which has authority for all data. Any update in data throughout the application must occur here only. Flux provides stability to the application and reduces run-time errors.

36. What is Redux?

Redux is one of the hottest libraries for front-end development in today’s marketplace. It is a predictable state container for JavaScript applications and is used for the entire applications state management. Applications developed with Redux are easy to test and can run in different environments showing consistent behavior.

37. What are the three principles that Redux follows?

***Single source of truth: ***The state of the entire application is stored in an object/ state tree within a single store. The single state tree makes it easier to keep track of changes over time and debug or inspect the application.***State is read-only: ***The only way to change the state is to trigger an action. An action is a plain JS object describing the change. Just like state is the minimal representation of data, the action is the minimal representation of the change to that data. Changes are made with pure functions: In order to specify how the state tree is transformed by actions, you need pure functions. Pure functions are those whose return value depends solely on the values of their arguments.### 38. What do you understand by “Single source of truth”?

Redux uses ‘Store’ for storing the application’s entire state at one place. So all the component’s state are stored in the Store and they receive updates from the Store itself. The single state tree makes it easier to keep track of changes over time and debug or inspect the application.

39. List down the components of Redux.

Redux is composed of the following components:
Action – It’s an object that describes what happened.**Reducer **– It is a place to determine how the state will change.Store – State/ Object tree of the entire application is saved in the Store.View – Simply displays the data provided by the Store.

40. Show how the data flows through Redux?

41. How are Actions defined in Redux?

Actions in React must have a type property that indicates the type of ACTION being performed. They must be defined as a String constant and you can add more properties to it as well. In Redux, actions are created using the functions called Action Creators. Below is an example of Action and Action Creator:

function addTodo(text) {
       return {
                type: ADD_TODO,    
                 text   
    }
}

42. Explain the role of Reducer.

Reducers are pure functions which specify how the application’s state changes in response to an ACTION. Reducers work by taking in the previous state and action, and then it returns a new state. It determines what sort of update needs to be done based on the type of the action, and then returns new values. It returns the previous state as it is, if no work needs to be done.

43. What is the significance of Store in Redux?

A store is a JavaScript object which can hold the application’s state and provide a few helper methods to access the state, dispatch actions and register listeners. The entire state/ object tree of an application is saved in a single store. As a result of this, Redux is very simple and predictable. We can pass middleware to the store to handle the processing of data as well as to keep a log of various actions that change the state of stores. All the actions return a new state via reducers.

44. How is Redux different from Flux?

45. What are the advantages of Redux?

Advantages of Redux are listed below:
**Predictability of outcome – **Since there is always one source of truth, i.e. the store, there is no confusion about how to sync the current state with actions and other parts of the application.**Maintainability – **The code becomes easier to maintain with a predictable outcome and strict structure.Server-side rendering – You just need to pass the store created on the server, to the client side. This is very useful for initial render and provides a better user experience as it optimizes the application performance.**Developer tools – **From actions to state changes, developers can track everything going on in the application in real time.**Community and ecosystem – **Redux has a huge community behind it which makes it even more captivating to use. A large community of talented individuals contribute to the betterment of the library and develop various applications with it.**Ease of testing – **Redux’s code is mostly functions which are small, pure and isolated. This makes the code testable and independent.**Organization – **Redux is precise about how code should be organized, this makes the code more consistent and easier when a team works with it.## React Router – React Interview Questions

46. What is React Router?

React Router is a powerful routing library built on top of React, which helps in adding new screens and flows to the application. This keeps the URL in sync with data that’s being displayed on the web page. It maintains a standardized structure and behavior and is used for developing single page web applications. React Router has a simple API.

47. Why is switch keyword used in React Router v4?

Although a

is used to encapsulate multiple routes inside the Router. The ‘switch’ keyword is used when you want to display only a single route to be rendered amongst the several defined routes. The **

#reactjs #react-native #javascript #web-development

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Best 50 React Interview Questions and Answers in 2019

Autumn Blick

1598839687

How native is React Native? | React Native vs Native App Development

If you are undertaking a mobile app development for your start-up or enterprise, you are likely wondering whether to use React Native. As a popular development framework, React Native helps you to develop near-native mobile apps. However, you are probably also wondering how close you can get to a native app by using React Native. How native is React Native?

In the article, we discuss the similarities between native mobile development and development using React Native. We also touch upon where they differ and how to bridge the gaps. Read on.

A brief introduction to React Native

Let’s briefly set the context first. We will briefly touch upon what React Native is and how it differs from earlier hybrid frameworks.

React Native is a popular JavaScript framework that Facebook has created. You can use this open-source framework to code natively rendering Android and iOS mobile apps. You can use it to develop web apps too.

Facebook has developed React Native based on React, its JavaScript library. The first release of React Native came in March 2015. At the time of writing this article, the latest stable release of React Native is 0.62.0, and it was released in March 2020.

Although relatively new, React Native has acquired a high degree of popularity. The “Stack Overflow Developer Survey 2019” report identifies it as the 8th most loved framework. Facebook, Walmart, and Bloomberg are some of the top companies that use React Native.

The popularity of React Native comes from its advantages. Some of its advantages are as follows:

Performance: It delivers optimal performance.
Cross-platform development: You can develop both Android and iOS apps with it. The reuse of code expedites development and reduces costs.
UI design: React Native enables you to design simple and responsive UI for your mobile app.
3rd party plugins: This framework supports 3rd party plugins.
Developer community: A vibrant community of developers support React Native.

Why React Native is fundamentally different from earlier hybrid frameworks

Are you wondering whether React Native is just another of those hybrid frameworks like Ionic or Cordova? It’s not! React Native is fundamentally different from these earlier hybrid frameworks.

React Native is very close to native. Consider the following aspects as described on the React Native website:

Access to many native platforms features: The primitives of React Native render to native platform UI. This means that your React Native app will use many native platform APIs as native apps would do.
Near-native user experience: React Native provides several native components, and these are platform agnostic.
The ease of accessing native APIs: React Native uses a declarative UI paradigm. This enables React Native to interact easily with native platform APIs since React Native wraps existing native code.

Due to these factors, React Native offers many more advantages compared to those earlier hybrid frameworks. We now review them.

#android app #frontend #ios app #mobile app development #benefits of react native #is react native good for mobile app development #native vs #pros and cons of react native #react mobile development #react native development #react native experience #react native framework #react native ios vs android #react native pros and cons #react native vs android #react native vs native #react native vs native performance #react vs native #why react native #why use react native

Marielle Rippin

1595098800

Android Interview Questions – Get ready for your next interview

Android – one of the hottest technologies, which is having a bright future. Get ready to crack your next interview with the following android interview questions. These interview questions start with basic and cover deep concepts along with advanced topics.

Android Interview Questions for Freshers

1. What is Android?

Android is an open-source mobile operating system that is based on the modified versions of Linux kernel. Though it was mainly designed for smartphones, now it is being used for Tablets, Televisions, Smartwatches, and other Android wearables.

2. Who is the inventor of Android Technology?

The inventors of Android Technology are- Andry Rubin, Nick Sears, and Rich Miner.

3. What is the latest version of Android?

The latest version of Android is Android 10.0, known as Android Q. The upcoming major Android release is Android 11, which is the 18th version of Android. [Note: Keep checking the versions, it is as of June 2020.]

4. How many Android versions can you recall right now?

Till now, there are 17 versions of Android, which have their names in alphabetical order. The 18th version of Android is also going to come later this year. The versions of Android are here:

Android 1.0 – Its release is 23 September 2008.
Android 1.1 – Its release date is 9 February 2009.
Android 1.5 – Its name is Cupcake, Released on 27 April 2009.
Android 1.6 – Its name is Donut, Released on 15 September 2009.
Android 2.0 – Its name is Eclair, Released on 26 October 2009
Android 2.2 – Its name is Froyo, Released on 20 May 2010.
Android 2.3 – Its name is Gingerbread, Released on 06 December 2010.
Android 3.0 – Its name is Honeycomb, Released on 22 February 2011.
Android 4.0 – Its name is Ice Cream Sandwich, Released on 18 October 2011.
Android 4.1 – Its name is Jelly Bean, Released on 9 July 2012.
Android 4.4 – Its name is KitKat, Released on 31 October 2013.
Android 5.0 – Its name is Lollipop, Released on 12 November 2014.
Android 6.0 – Its name is Marshmallow, Released on 5 October 2015.
Android 7.0 – Its name is Nougat, Released on 22 August 2016.
Android 8.0 – Its name is Oreo, Released on 21 August 2017.
Android 9.0 – Its name is Pie, Released on 6 August 2018.
Android 10.0 – Its name is Android Q, Released on 3 September 2019.
Android 11.0 – As of now, it is Android 11.

5. Explain the Android Architecture with its components.

This is a popular android developer interview question

Android Architecture consists of 5 components that are-

a. Linux Kernel: It is the foundation of the Android Architecture that resides at the lowest level. It provides the level of abstraction for hardware devices and upper layer components. Linux Kernel also provides various important hardware drivers that act as software interfaces for hardwares like camera, bluetooth, etc.

b. Native Libraries: These are the libraries for Android that are written in C/C++. These libraries are useful to build many core services like ART and HAL. It provides support for core features.

c. Android Runtime: It is an Android Runtime Environment. Android Operating System uses it during the execution of the app. It performs the translation of the application bytecode into the native instructions. The runtime environment of the device then executes these native instructions.

d. Application Framework: Application Framework provides many java classes and interfaces for app development. And it also provides various high-level services. This complete Application framework makes use of Java.

e. Applications: This is the topmost layer of Android Architecture. It provides applications for the end-user, so they can use the android device and compute the tasks.

6. What are the services that the Application framework provides?

The Android application framework has the following key services-

a. Activity Manager: It uses testing and debugging methods.

b. Content provider: It provides the data from application to other layers.

c. Resource Manager: This provides users access to resources.

d. Notification Manager: This gives notification to the users regarding actions taking place in the background.

e. View System: It is the base class for widgets, and it is also responsible for event handling.

7. What are the important features of Linux Kernel?

The important features of the Linux Kernel are as follows:

a. Power Management: Linux Kernel does power management to enhance and improve the battery life of the device.

b. Memory Management: It is useful for the maximum utilization of the available memory of the device.

c. Device Management: It includes managing all the hardware device drivers. It maximizes the utilization of the available resources.

d. Security: It ensures that no application has any such permission that it affects any other application in order to maintain security.

e. Multi-tasking: Multi-tasking provides the users the ease of doing multiple tasks at the same time.

8. What are the building blocks of an Android Application?

This is a popular android interview question for freshers.

The main components of any Android application are- Activity, Services, Content Provider, and Broadcast Receiver. You can understand them as follows:

a. Activity- It is a class that acts as the entry point representing a single screen to the user. It is like a window to show the user interface.

b. Services- Services are the longest-running component that runs in the background.

c. Content Provider- The content provider is an essential component that allows apps to share data between themselves.

d. Broadcast receivers- Broadcast receiver is another most crucial application component. It helps the apps to receive and respond to broadcast messages from the system or some other application.

9. What are the important components of Android Application?

The Components of Android application are listed below:

Widgets
Intents
Views
Notification
Fragments
Layout XML files
Resources

10. What are the widgets?

Widgets are the variations of Broadcast receivers. They are an important part of home screen customization. They often display some data and also allow users to perform actions on them. Mostly they display the app icon on the screen.

11. Can you name some types of widgets?

Mentioned below are the types of widgets-

a. Informative Widgets: These widgets show some important information. Like, the clock widget or a weather widget.

b. Collective Widgets: They are the collection of some types of elements. For example, a music widget that lets us change, skip, or forward the song.

c. Control Widgets: These widgets help us control the actions within the application through it. Like an email widget that helps check the recent mails.

d. Hybrid Widgets: Hybrid widgets are those that consist of at least two or more types of widgets.

12. What are Intents?

Intents are an important part of Android Applications. They enable communication between components of the same application as well as separate applications. The Intent signals the Android system about a certain event that has occurred.

13. Explain the types of intents briefly?

Intent is of three types that are-

a. Implicit Intents: Implicit intents are those in which there is no description of the component name but only the action.

b. Explicit Intents: In explicit intents, the target component is present by declaring the name of the component.

c. Pending Intents: These are those intents that act as a shield over the Intent objects. It covers the intent objects and grants permission to the external app components to access them.

14. What is a View?

A view is an important building block that helps in designing the user interface of the application. It can be a rectangular box or a circular shape, for example, Text View, Edit Text, Buttons, etc. Views occupy a certain area of the screen, and it is also responsible for event handling. A view is the superclass of all the graphical user interface components.

15. What do you understand by View Group?

It is the subclass of the ViewClass. It gives an invisible container to hold layouts or views. You can understand view groups as special views that are capable of holding other views, that are Child View.

16. What do you understand about Shared Preferences?

It is a simple mechanism for data storage in Android. In this, there is no need to create files, and using APIs, it stores the data in XML files. It stores the data in the pair of key-values. SharedPreferences class lets the user save the values and retrieve them when required. Using SharedPreferences we can save primitive data like- boolean, float, integer, string and long.

17. What is a Notification?

A notification is just like a message that shows up outside the Application UI to provide reminders to the users. They remind the user about a message received, or some other timely information from the app.

18. Give names of Notification types.

There are three types of notifications namely-

a. Toast Notification- This notification is the one that fades away sometime after it pops up.

b. Status Notification- This notification stays till the user takes some action on it.

c. Dialog Notification- This notification is the result of an Active Activity.

19. What are fragments?

A fragment is a part of the complete user interface. These are present in Activity, and an activity can have one or more fragments at the same time. We can reuse a fragment in multiple activities as well.

20. What are the types of fragments?

There are three types of fragments that are: Single Fragment, List Fragment, Fragment Transactions.

Single Transactions can only show a single view for the user.
List Fragments have a special list view feature that provides a list from which the user can select one.
Fragment Transactions are helpful for the transition between one fragment to the other.

Frequently asked Android Interview Questions and Answers

21. What are Layout XML files?

Layout XML files contain the structure for the user interface of the application. The XML file also contains various different layouts and views, and they also specify various GUI components that are there in Activity or fragments.

22. What are Resources in Android Application?

The resources in Android Apps defines images, texts, strings, colors, etc. Everything in resources directory is referenced in the source code of the app so that we can use them.

23. Can you develop Android Apps with languages other than Java? If so, name some.

Yes, there are many languages that we can work with, for the development of Android Applications. To name some, I would say Java, Python, C, C++, Kotlin, C#, Corona/LUA.

24. What are the states of the Activity Lifecycle?

Activity lifecycle has the following four stages-

a. Running State: As soon as the activity starts, it is the first state.

b. Paused State: When some other activity starts without closing the previous one, the running activity turns into the Paused state.

c. Resume State: When the activity opens again after being in pause state, it comes into the Resume State.

d. Stopped State: When the user closes the application or stops using it, the activity goes to the Stopped state.

25. What are some methods of Activity?

The methods of Activity are as follows:

onCreate()
onStart()
onPause()
onRestart()
onResume()
onStop()
onDestroy()

26. How can you launch an activity in Android?

We launch an activity using Intents. For this we need to use intent as follows:

ntent intent_name= new Intent(this, Activity_name.class);
startActivity(intent_name);

27. What is the service lifecycle?

There are two states of a service that are-

a. Started State: This is when the service starts its execution. A Services come in start state only through the startService() method.

b. Bounded State: A service is in the bounded state when it calls the method bindService().

28. What are some methods of Services?

The methods of service are as follows-

onStartCommand()
onBind()
onCreate()
onUnbind()
onDestroy()
onRebind()

29. What are the types of Broadcast?

Broadcasts are of two types that are-

a. Ordered Broadcast: Ordered broadcasts are Synchronous and work in a proper order. It decides the order by using the priority assigned to the broadcasts.

b. Normal Broadcast: These are asynchronous and unordered. They are more efficient as they run unorderly and all at once. But, they lack full utilization of the results.

30. What are useful impotent folders in Android?

The impotent folders in an Android application are-

build.xml- It is responsible for the build of Android applications.
bin/ – The bin folder works as a staging area to wrap the files packages into the APK.
src/ – The src is a folder where all the source files of the project are present.
res/ – The res is the resource folder that stores values of the resources that are used in the application. These resources can be colors, styles, strings, dimensions, etc.
assets/ – It provides a facility to include files like text, XML, fonts, music, and video in the Android application.

31. What are the important files for Android Application when working on Android Studio?

This is an important android studio interview question

There are following three files that we need to work on for an application to work-

a. The AndroidManifest.xml file: It has all the information about the application.

b. The MainActivity.java file: It is the app file that actually gets converted to the dalvik executable and runs the application. It is written in java.

c. The Activity_main.xml file: It is the layout file that is available in the res/layout directory. It is another mostly used file while developing the application.

32. Which database do you use for Android Application development?

The database that we use for Android Applications is SQLite. It is because SQLite is lightweight and specially developed for Android Apps. SQLite works the same way as SQL using the same commands.

33. Tell us some features of Android OS.

The best features of Android include-

Multi-tasking
Support for a great range of languages
Support for split-screen
High connectivity with 5G support
Motion Control

34. Why did you learn Android development?

Learning Android Studio is a good idea because of the following-

It has a low application development cost.
It is an open-source platform.
It has multi-platform support as well as Multi-carrier support.
It is open for customizations.
Android is a largely used operating system throughout the world.

35. What are the different ways of storage supported in Android?

The various storage ways supported in Android are as follows:

Shared Preference
Internal Storage
External Storage
SQLite Databases
Network Connection

36. What are layouts?

Layout is nothing but arrangements of elements on the device screen. These elements can be images, tests, videos, anything. They basically define the structure of the Android user interface to make it user friendly.

37. How many layout types are there?

The type of layouts used in Android Apps are as follows:

Linear Layout
Relative Layout
Constraint Layout
Table Layout
Frame Layout
Absolute Layout
Scrollview layout

38. What is an APK?

An APK stands for Android Package that is a file format of Android Applications. Android OS uses this package for the distribution and installation of the Android Application.

39. What is an Android Manifest file?

The manifest file describes all the essential information about the project application for build tools, Android operating system, and google play. This file is a must for every Android project that we develop, and it is present in the root of the project source set.

#android tutorials #android basic interview questions #android basic questions #android developer interview questions #android interview question and answer #android interview questions #android interview questions for experienced #android interview questions for fresher

bindu singh

1647351133

Procedure To Become An Air Hostess/Cabin Crew

Minimum educational required – 10+2 passed in any stream from a recognized board.

The age limit is 18 to 25 years. It may differ from one airline to another!

Physical and Medical standards –

Females must be 157 cm in height and males must be 170 cm in height (for males). This parameter may vary from one airline toward the next.
The candidate's body weight should be proportional to his or her height.
Candidates with blemish-free skin will have an advantage.
Physical fitness is required of the candidate.
Eyesight requirements: a minimum of 6/9 vision is required. Many airlines allow applicants to fix their vision to 20/20!
There should be no history of mental disease in the candidate's past.
The candidate should not have a significant cardiovascular condition.

You can become an air hostess if you meet certain criteria, such as a minimum educational level, an age limit, language ability, and physical characteristics.

As can be seen from the preceding information, a 10+2 pass is the minimal educational need for becoming an air hostess in India. So, if you have a 10+2 certificate from a recognized board, you are qualified to apply for an interview for air hostess positions!

You can still apply for this job if you have a higher qualification (such as a Bachelor's or Master's Degree).

So That I may recommend, joining Special Personality development courses, a learning gallery that offers aviation industry courses by AEROFLY INTERNATIONAL AVIATION ACADEMY in CHANDIGARH. They provide extra sessions included in the course and conduct the entire course in 6 months covering all topics at an affordable pricing structure. They pay particular attention to each and every aspirant and prepare them according to airline criteria. So be a part of it and give your aspirations So be a part of it and give your aspirations wings.

For more information:

Visit us at: https://aerofly.co.in

Phone : wa.me//+919988887551

Address: Aerofly International Aviation Academy, SCO 68, 4th Floor, Sector 17-D, Chandigarh, Pin 160017

Email: info@aerofly.co.in

#air hostess institute in Delhi,

#air hostess institute in Chandigarh,

#air hostess institute near me,

#best air hostess institute in India,
#air hostess institute,

#best air hostess institute in Delhi,

#air hostess institute in India,

#best air hostess institute in India,

#air hostess training institute fees,

#top 10 air hostess training institute in India,

#government air hostess training institute in India,

#best air hostess training institute in the world,

#air hostess training institute fees,

#cabin crew course fees,

#cabin crew course duration and fees,

#best cabin crew training institute in Delhi,

#cabin crew courses after 12th,

#best cabin crew training institute in Delhi,

#cabin crew training institute in Delhi,

#cabin crew training institute in India,

#cabin crew training institute near me,

#best cabin crew training institute in India,

#best cabin crew training institute in Delhi,

#best cabin crew training institute in the world,

#government cabin crew training institute

Sigrid Farrell

1623718560

50 Python Interview Questions and Answers

Ace your next coding interview

Are you preparing for a job interview or an exam that involves knowledge about Python? Or do you want to quickly go through common topics of Python?

Here is a list of 50 interview questions with answers. The list is in no particular order.

I hope you enjoy it.

1. Name Some Differences Between a List and a Tuple

2. What Does the Range() Function Do?

3. How Does Map() Function Work?

4. What is the Difference between “is” and “==”?

…

#python #data-science #software-development #50 python interview questions and answers #interview questions and answers #python interview questions and answers

Best 50 React Interview Questions and Answers in 2019

React Interview Questions

1. Differentiate between Real DOM and Virtual DOM.

2. What is React?

7. What do you understand by Virtual DOM? Explain its working.

9. How different is React’s ES6 syntax when compared to ES5?

10. How is React different from Angular?

React Components – React Interview Questions

11. What do you understand from “In React, everything is a component.”

12. Explain the purpose of render() in React.

13. How can you embed two or more components into one?

14. What is Props?

15. What is a state in React and how is it used?

16. Differentiate between states and props.

17. How can you update the state of a component?

18. What is arrow function in React? How is it used?

19. Differentiate between stateful and stateless components.

20. What are the different phases of React component’s lifecycle?

23. How do you create an event in React?

24. What are synthetic events in React?

25. What do you understand by refs in React?

26. List some of the cases when you should use Refs.

28. How are forms created in React?

29. What do you know about controlled and uncontrolled components?

30. What are Higher Order Components(HOC)?

31. What can you do with HOC?

33. What is the significance of keys in React?

React Redux – React Interview Questions

34. What were the major problems with MVC framework?

36. What is Redux?

37. What are the three principles that Redux follows?

39. List down the components of Redux.

40. Show how the data flows through Redux?

41. How are Actions defined in Redux?

42. Explain the role of Reducer.

43. What is the significance of Store in Redux?

44. How is Redux different from Flux?

45. What are the advantages of Redux?

46. What is React Router?

47. Why is switch keyword used in React Router v4?

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

How native is React Native? | React Native vs Native App Development

A brief introduction to React Native

Why React Native is fundamentally different from earlier hybrid frameworks

Top 130 Android Interview Questions - Crack Technical Interview Now!

Android Interview Questions – Get ready for your next interview

Android Interview Questions for Freshers

Frequently asked Android Interview Questions and Answers

Procedure To Become An Air Hostess/Cabin Crew

Top 10 Critical Spring Boot Interview Questions and Answers [For Beginners & Experienced]

Basic Spring Boot Interview Questions And Answers

Technical Spring Boot Interview Questions And Answers

Conclusion

50 Python Interview Questions and Answers

Ace your next coding interview

1. Name Some Differences Between a List and a Tuple

2. What Does the Range() Function Do?

3. How Does Map() Function Work?

4. What is the Difference between “is” and “==”?