Deploying Your NodeJS Code to a Server Every Time You Push with Github Actions

Since they were introduced in late 2019, GitHub Actions have completely changed the ways in which developers handle workflow automation. GitHub Actions allow you to automate tedious repetitive workflows like installing dependencies (npm ci), running tests (npm test), scanning for vulnerabilities (npm audit) and deploying to a server.

Manual deployment should be a thing of the past. A lot of developers simply SSH into their servers, git pull and restart the app. This process is prone to run into a myriad of errors, though, not to mention the fact that it’s slow and repetitive. We can remedy that (for free!) with GitHub Actions.

You can think of an action as a third party library that you can insert somewhere in your pipeline to perform certain tasks. There’s an action for almost anything you can think of – from setting up NodeJs to sending text messages. Individual actions are used inside workflows.

Workflows are triggered by events. An event is almost anything that happens in your git repository – a push, commit, merge, etc. Essentially, any GitHub webhook event will trigger a workflow.

Finally, workflows run on separate Github-owned servers. These servers are referred to as runners. You can host your own runners, but GitHub’s hosted ones will do just fine for our purposes.

Let’s see this in action (no pun intended).

Creating a workflow

A workflow is a custom automated process consisting of jobs that are run in steps. Inside these steps, you can use actions or run bash commands within your package. This way, you can build, test, scan, package and deploy any project on Github.

A workflow is configured using YAML syntax and saved in the ‘.github/actions’ folder. The directory structure should look like this:

#node.js #github #github actions

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

How to Use Hotwire Rails

Introduction

We are back with another exciting and much-talked-about Rails tutorial on how to use Hotwire with the Rails application. This Hotwire Rails tutorial is an alternate method for building modern web applications that consume a pinch of JavaScript.

Rails 7 Hotwire is the default front-end framework shipped with Rails 7 after it was launched. It is used to represent HTML over the wire in the Rails application. Previously, we used to add a hotwire-rails gem in our gem file and then run rails hotwire: install. However, with the introduction of Rails 7, the gem got deprecated. Now, we use turbo-rails and stimulus rails directly, which work as Hotwire’s SPA-like page accelerator and Hotwire’s modest JavaScript framework.

What is Hotwire?

Hotwire is a package of different frameworks that help to build applications. It simplifies the developer’s work for writing web pages without the need to write JavaScript, and instead sending HTML code over the wire.

Introduction to The Hotwire Framework:

1. Turbo:

It uses simplified techniques to build web applications while decreasing the usage of JavaScript in the application. Turbo offers numerous handling methods for the HTML data sent over the wire and displaying the application’s data without actually loading the entire page. It helps to maintain the simplicity of web applications without destroying the single-page application experience by using the below techniques:

Turbo Frames: Turbo Frames help to load the different sections of our markup without any dependency as it divides the page into different contexts separately called frames and updates these frames individually.
Turbo Drive: Every link doesn’t have to make the entire page reload when clicked. Only the HTML contained within the tag will be displayed.
Turbo Streams: To add real-time features to the application, this technique is used. It helps to bring real-time data to the application using CRUD actions.

2. Stimulus

It represents the JavaScript framework, which is required when JS is a requirement in the application. The interaction with the HTML is possible with the help of a stimulus, as the controllers that help those interactions are written by a stimulus.

3. Strada

Not much information is available about Strada as it has not been officially released yet. However, it works with native applications, and by using HTML bridge attributes, interaction is made possible between web applications and native apps.

Simple diagrammatic representation of Hotwire Stack:

Prerequisites For Hotwire Rails Tutorial

As we are implementing the Ruby on Rails Hotwire tutorial, make sure about the following installations before you can get started.

• Ruby on Rails
• Hotwire gem
• PostgreSQL/SQLite (choose any one database)
• Turbo Rails
• Stimulus.js

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Create a new Rails Project

Find the following commands to create a rails application.

mkdir ~/projects/railshotwire
cd ~/projects/railshotwire
echo "source 'https://rubygems.org'" > Gemfile
echo "gem 'rails', '~> 7.0.0'" >> Gemfile
bundle install  
bundle exec rails new . --force -d=postgresql

Now create some files for the project, up till now no usage of Rails Hotwire can be seen.
Fire the following command in your terminal.

• For creating a default controller for the application

echo "class HomeController < ApplicationController" > app/controllers/home_controller.rb
echo "end" >> app/controllers/home_controller.rb

• For creating another controller for the application

echo "class OtherController < ApplicationController" > app/controllers/other_controller.rb
echo "end" >> app/controllers/home_controller.rb

• For creating routes for the application

echo "Rails.application.routes.draw do" > config/routes.rb
echo '  get "home/index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo '  get "other/index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo '  root to: "home#index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo 'end' >> config/routes.rb

• For creating a default view for the application

mkdir app/views/home
echo '<h1>This is Rails Hotwire homepage</h1>' > app/views/home/index.html.erb
echo '<div><%= link_to "Enter to other page", other_index_path %></div>' >> app/views/home/index.html.erb

• For creating another view for the application

mkdir app/views/other
echo '<h1>This is Another page</h1>' > app/views/other/index.html.erb
echo '<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>' >> app/views/other/index.html.erb

• For creating a database and schema.rb file for the application

bin/rails db:create
bin/rails db:migrate

• For checking the application run bin/rails s and open your browser, your running application will have the below view.

Additionally, you can clone the code and browse through the project. Here’s the source code of the repository: Rails 7 Hotwire application

Now, let’s see how Hotwire Rails can work its magic with various Turbo techniques.

Hotwire Rails: Turbo Drive

Go to your localhost:3000 on your web browser and right-click on the Inspect and open a Network tab of the DevTools of the browser.

Now click on go to another page link that appears on the home page to redirect from the home page to another page. In our Network tab, we can see that this action of navigation is achieved via XHR. It appears only the part inside HTML is reloaded, here neither the CSS is reloaded nor the JS is reloaded when the navigation action is performed.

By performing this action we can see that Turbo Drive helps to represent the HTML response without loading the full page and only follows redirect and reindeer HTML responses which helps to make the application faster to access.

Hotwire Rails: Turbo Frame

This technique helps to divide the current page into different sections called frames that can be updated separately independently when new data is added from the server.
Below we discuss the different use cases of Turbo frame like inline edition, sorting, searching, and filtering of data.

Let’s perform some practical actions to see the example of these use cases.

Make changes in the app/controllers/home_controller.rb file

#CODE

class HomeController < ApplicationController
   def turbo_frame_form
   end
   
   def turbo_frame submit
      extracted_anynumber = params[:any][:anynumber]
      render :turbo_frame_form, status: :ok, locals: {anynumber: extracted_anynumber,      comment: 'turbo_frame_submit ok' }
   end
end

Add app/views/home/turbo_frame_form.html.erb file to the application and add this content inside the file.

#CODE

<section>

    <%= turbo_frame_tag 'anyframe' do %>
            
      <div>
          <h2>Frame view</h2>
          <%= form_with scope: :any, url: turbo_frame_submit_path, local: true do |form| %>
              <%= form.label :anynumber, 'Type an integer (odd or even)', 'class' => 'my-0  d-inline'  %>
              <%= form.text_field :anynumber, type: 'number', 'required' => 'true', 'value' => "#{local_assigns[:anynumber] || 0}",  'aria-describedby' => 'anynumber' %>
              <%= form.submit 'Submit this number', 'id' => 'submit-number' %>
          <% end %>
      </div>
      <div>
        <h2>Data of the view</h2>
        <pre style="font-size: .7rem;"><%= JSON.pretty_generate(local_assigns) %></pre> 
      </div>
      
    <% end %>

</section>

Make some adjustments in routes.rb

#CODE

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  get 'home/index'
  get 'other/index'

  get '/home/turbo_frame_form' => 'home#turbo_frame_form', as: 'turbo_frame_form'
  post '/home/turbo_frame_submit' => 'home#turbo_frame_submit', as: 'turbo_frame_submit'


  root to: "home#index"
end

• Next step is to change homepage view in app/views/home/index.html.erb

#CODE

<h1>This is Rails Hotwire home page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to other page", other_index_path %></div>

<%= turbo_frame_tag 'anyframe' do %>        
  <div>
      <h2>Home view</h2>
      <%= form_with scope: :any, url: turbo_frame_submit_path, local: true do |form| %>
          <%= form.label :anynumber, 'Type an integer (odd or even)', 'class' => 'my-0  d-inline'  %>
          <%= form.text_field :anynumber, type: 'number', 'required' => 'true', 'value' => "#{local_assigns[:anynumber] || 0}",  'aria-describedby' => 'anynumber' %>
          <%= form.submit 'Submit this number', 'id' => 'submit-number' %>
      <% end %>
  <div>
<% end %>

After making all the changes, restart the rails server and refresh the browser, the default view will appear on the browser.

Now in the field enter any digit, after entering the digit click on submit button, and as the submit button is clicked we can see the Turbo Frame in action in the below screen, we can observe that the frame part changed, the first title and first link didn’t move.

Hotwire Rails: Turbo Streams

Turbo Streams deliver page updates over WebSocket, SSE or in response to form submissions by only using HTML and a series of CRUD-like operations, you are free to say that either

• Update the piece of HTML while responding to all the other actions like the post, put, patch, and delete except the GET action.
• Transmit a change to all users, without reloading the browser page.

This transmit can be represented by a simple example.

• Make changes in app/controllers/other_controller.rb file of rails application

#CODE

class OtherController < ApplicationController

  def post_something
    respond_to do |format|
      format.turbo_stream {  }
    end
  end

   end

Add the below line in routes.rb file of the application

#CODE

post '/other/post_something' => 'other#post_something', as: 'post_something'

Superb! Rails will now attempt to locate the app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template at any moment the ‘/other/post_something’ endpoint is reached.

For this, we need to add app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template in the rails application.

#CODE

<turbo-stream action="append" target="messages">
  <template>
    <div id="message_1">This changes the existing message!</div>
  </template>
</turbo-stream>

This states that the response will try to append the template of the turbo frame with ID “messages”.

Now change the index.html.erb file in app/views/other paths with the below content.

#CODE

<h1>This is Another page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>

<div style="margin-top: 3rem;">
  <%= form_with scope: :any, url: post_something_path do |form| %>
      <%= form.submit 'Post any message %>
  <% end %>
  <turbo-frame id="messages">
    <div>An empty message</div>
  </turbo-frame>
</div>

• After making all the changes, restart the rails server and refresh the browser, and go to the other page.

• Once the above screen appears, click on the Post any message button

This action shows that after submitting the response, the Turbo Streams help the developer to append the message, without reloading the page.

Another use case we can test is that rather than appending the message, the developer replaces the message. For that, we need to change the content of app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template file and change the value of the action attribute from append to replace and check the changes in the browser.

#CODE

<turbo-stream action="replace" target="messages">
  <template>
    <div id="message_1">This changes the existing message!</div>
  </template>
</turbo-stream>

When we click on Post any message button, the message that appear below that button will get replaced with the message that is mentioned in the app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template

Stimulus

There are some cases in an application where JS is needed, therefore to cover those scenarios we require Hotwire JS tool. Hotwire has a JS tool because in some scenarios Turbo-* tools are not sufficient. But as we know that Hotwire is used to reduce the usage of JS in an application, Stimulus considers HTML as the single source of truth. Consider the case where we have to give elements on a page some JavaScript attributes, such as data controller, data-action, and data target. For that, a stimulus controller that can access elements and receive events based on those characteristics will be created.

Make a change in app/views/other/index.html.erb template file in rails application

#CODE

<h1>This is Another page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>

<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">
  <%= form_with scope: :any, url: post_something_path do |form| %>
      <%= form.submit 'Post something' %>
  <% end %>
  <turbo-frame id="messages">
    <div>An empty message</div>
  </turbo-frame>
</div>

<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">
  <h2>Stimulus</h2>  
  <div data-controller="hello">
    <input data-hello-target="name" type="text">
    <button data-action="click->hello#greet">
      Greet
    </button>
    <span data-hello-target="output">
    </span>
  </div>
</div>

Make changes in the hello_controller.js in path app/JavaScript/controllers and add a stimulus controller in the file, which helps to bring the HTML into life.

#CODE

import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"

export default class extends Controller {
  static targets = [ "name", "output" ]

  greet() {
    this.outputTarget.textContent =
      `Hello, ${this.nameTarget.value}!`
  }
}

Go to your browser after making the changes in the code and click on Enter to other page link which will navigate to the localhost:3000/other/index page there you can see the changes implemented by the stimulus controller that is designed to augment your HTML with just enough behavior to make it more responsive.

With just a little bit of work, Turbo and Stimulus together offer a complete answer for applications that are quick and compelling.

Using Rails 7 Hotwire helps to load the pages at a faster speed and allows you to render templates on the server, where you have access to your whole domain model. It is a productive development experience in ROR, without compromising any of the speed or responsiveness associated with SPA.

Conclusion

We hope you were satisfied with our Rails Hotwire tutorial. Write to us at service@bacancy.com for any query that you want to resolve, or if you want us to share a tutorial on your query.

For more such solutions on RoR, check out our Ruby on Rails Tutorials. We will always strive to amaze you and cater to your needs.

Original article source at: https://www.bacancytechnology.com/

#rails #ruby 

Deploying Your NodeJS Code to a Server Every Time You Push with Github Actions

Since they were introduced in late 2019, GitHub Actions have completely changed the ways in which developers handle workflow automation. GitHub Actions allow you to automate tedious repetitive workflows like installing dependencies (npm ci), running tests (npm test), scanning for vulnerabilities (npm audit) and deploying to a server.

Manual deployment should be a thing of the past. A lot of developers simply SSH into their servers, git pull and restart the app. This process is prone to run into a myriad of errors, though, not to mention the fact that it’s slow and repetitive. We can remedy that (for free!) with GitHub Actions.

You can think of an action as a third party library that you can insert somewhere in your pipeline to perform certain tasks. There’s an action for almost anything you can think of – from setting up NodeJs to sending text messages. Individual actions are used inside workflows.

Workflows are triggered by events. An event is almost anything that happens in your git repository – a push, commit, merge, etc. Essentially, any GitHub webhook event will trigger a workflow.

Finally, workflows run on separate Github-owned servers. These servers are referred to as runners. You can host your own runners, but GitHub’s hosted ones will do just fine for our purposes.

Let’s see this in action (no pun intended).

Creating a workflow

A workflow is a custom automated process consisting of jobs that are run in steps. Inside these steps, you can use actions or run bash commands within your package. This way, you can build, test, scan, package and deploy any project on Github.

A workflow is configured using YAML syntax and saved in the ‘.github/actions’ folder. The directory structure should look like this:

#node.js #github #github actions

A Simple Guide to Github Page Deployment

Long story short: Jekyll is a template engine changing

markdowndocuments on staticHTMLwebpages, that you can then host anywyere, because you don’t need databases or server that has PHP or Python.

Usual Process

Normally the process of adding new post looks like this:

• I write markdown document with setting parameters like title, date and tags
• when I’m happy with what I wrote (never), I commit changes and push it to repository on GitHub. Repository name comes from my nick and is also address for blog asvid.github.io
• Github after pushing to branch master builds website from sources using Jekyll - probably something like running jekyll build
• result of Jekyll build is not present in a repository, but you see it right now after visiting bloga page

#github-pages #github-page-with-jekyll #jekyll #github-actions #github #deployment #continuous-deployment #web-development

LaravelS: An Out-Of-The-Box Adapter Between Swoole and Laravel/Lumen

 _                               _  _____ 
| |                             | |/ ____|
| |     __ _ _ __ __ ___   _____| | (___  
| |    / _` | '__/ _` \ \ / / _ \ |\___ \ 
| |___| (_| | | | (_| |\ V /  __/ |____) |
|______\__,_|_|  \__,_| \_/ \___|_|_____/ 
                                           

🚀 LaravelS is an out-of-the-box adapter between Swoole and Laravel/Lumen.

Please Watch this repository to get the latest updates.

中文文档

Features

Built-in Http/WebSocket server

Multi-port mixed protocol

Custom process

Memory resident

Asynchronous event listening

Asynchronous task queue

Millisecond cron job

Common Components

Gracefully reload

Automatically reload after modifying code

Support Laravel/Lumen both, good compatibility

Simple & Out of the box

Benchmark

Which is the fastest web framework?

TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks

Requirements

Dependency	Requirement
PHP	>= 5.5.9 Recommend PHP7+
Swoole	>= 1.7.19 No longer support PHP5 since 2.0.12 Recommend 4.5.0+
Laravel/Lumen	>= 5.1 Recommend 8.0+

Install

1.Require package via Composer(packagist).

composer require "hhxsv5/laravel-s:~3.7.0" -vvv
# Make sure that your composer.lock file is under the VCS

2.Register service provider(pick one of two).

Laravel: in config/app.php file, Laravel 5.5+ supports package discovery automatically, you should skip this step

'providers' => [
    //...
    Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelSServiceProvider::class,
],

Lumen: in bootstrap/app.php file

$app->register(Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelSServiceProvider::class);

3.Publish configuration and binaries.

After upgrading LaravelS, you need to republish; click here to see the change notes of each version.

php artisan laravels publish
# Configuration: config/laravels.php
# Binary: bin/laravels bin/fswatch bin/inotify

4.Change config/laravels.php: listen_ip, listen_port, refer Settings.

5.Performance tuning

Adjust kernel parameters

Number of Workers: LaravelS uses Swoole's Synchronous IO mode, the larger the worker_num setting, the better the concurrency performance, but it will cause more memory usage and process switching overhead. If one request takes 100ms, in order to provide 1000QPS concurrency, at least 100 Worker processes need to be configured. The calculation method is: worker_num = 1000QPS/(1s/1ms) = 100, so incremental pressure testing is needed to calculate the best worker_num.

Number of Task Workers

Run

Please read the notices carefully before running, Important notices(IMPORTANT).

• Commands: php bin/laravels {start|stop|restart|reload|info|help}.

Command	Description
start	Start LaravelS, list the processes by "ps -ef|grep laravels"
stop	Stop LaravelS, and trigger the method onStop of Custom process
restart	Restart LaravelS: Stop gracefully before starting; The service is unavailable until startup is complete
reload	Reload all Task/Worker/Timer processes which contain your business codes, and trigger the method onReload of Custom process, CANNOT reload Master/Manger processes. After modifying config/laravels.php, you only have to call restart to restart
info	Display component version information
help	Display help information

• Boot options for the commands start and restart.

Option	Description
-d|--daemonize	Run as a daemon, this option will override the swoole.daemonize setting in laravels.php
-e|--env	The environment the command should run under, such as --env=testing will use the configuration file .env.testing firstly, this feature requires Laravel 5.2+
-i|--ignore	Ignore checking PID file of Master process
-x|--x-version	The version(branch) of the current project, stored in $_ENV/$_SERVER, access via $_ENV['X_VERSION'] $_SERVER['X_VERSION'] $request->server->get('X_VERSION')

• Runtime files: start will automatically execute php artisan laravels config and generate these files, developers generally don't need to pay attention to them, it's recommended to add them to .gitignore.

File	Description
storage/laravels.conf	LaravelS's runtime configuration file
storage/laravels.pid	PID file of Master process
storage/laravels-timer-process.pid	PID file of the Timer process
storage/laravels-custom-processes.pid	PID file of all custom processes

Deploy

It is recommended to supervise the main process through Supervisord, the premise is without option -d and to set swoole.daemonize to false.

[program:laravel-s-test]
directory=/var/www/laravel-s-test
command=/usr/local/bin/php bin/laravels start -i
numprocs=1
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startretries=3
user=www-data
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/%(program_name)s.log

Cooperate with Nginx (Recommended)

Demo.

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png font/ttf font/otf image/svg+xml;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
upstream swoole {
    # Connect IP:Port
    server 127.0.0.1:5200 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    # Connect UnixSocket Stream file, tips: put the socket file in the /dev/shm directory to get better performance
    #server unix:/yourpath/laravel-s-test/storage/laravels.sock weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.1:5200 weight=3 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.2:5200 backup;
    keepalive 16;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    # Don't forget to bind the host
    server_name laravels.com;
    root /yourpath/laravel-s-test/public;
    access_log /yourpath/log/nginx/$server_name.access.log  main;
    autoindex off;
    index index.html index.htm;
    # Nginx handles the static resources(recommend enabling gzip), LaravelS handles the dynamic resource.
    location / {
        try_files $uri @laravels;
    }
    # Response 404 directly when request the PHP file, to avoid exposing public/*.php
    #location ~* \.php$ {
    #    return 404;
    #}
    location @laravels {
        # proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_read_timeout 120s;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Server-Protocol $server_protocol;
        proxy_set_header Server-Name $server_name;
        proxy_set_header Server-Addr $server_addr;
        proxy_set_header Server-Port $server_port;
        # "swoole" is the upstream
        proxy_pass http://swoole;
    }
}

Cooperate with Apache

LoadModule proxy_module /yourpath/modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module /yourpath/modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module /yourpath/modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module /yourpath/modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module /yourpath/modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
LoadModule rewrite_module /yourpath/modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule remoteip_module /yourpath/modules/mod_remoteip.so
LoadModule deflate_module /yourpath/modules/mod_deflate.so

<IfModule deflate_module>
    SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
    DeflateCompressionLevel 2
    AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png font/ttf font/otf image/svg+xml
</IfModule>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    # Don't forget to bind the host
    ServerName www.laravels.com
    ServerAdmin hhxsv5@sina.com

    DocumentRoot /yourpath/laravel-s-test/public;
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm
    <Directory "/">
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For

    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    <Proxy balancer://laravels>  
        BalancerMember http://192.168.1.1:5200 loadfactor=7
        #BalancerMember http://192.168.1.2:5200 loadfactor=3
        #BalancerMember http://192.168.1.3:5200 loadfactor=1 status=+H
        ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
    </Proxy>
    #ProxyPass / balancer://laravels/
    #ProxyPassReverse / balancer://laravels/

    # Apache handles the static resources, LaravelS handles the dynamic resource.
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ balancer://laravels%{REQUEST_URI} [P,L]

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.laravels.com.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.laravels.com.access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Enable WebSocket server

The Listening address of WebSocket Sever is the same as Http Server.

1.Create WebSocket Handler class, and implement interface WebSocketHandlerInterface.The instant is automatically instantiated when start, you do not need to manually create it.

namespace App\Services;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\WebSocketHandlerInterface;
use Swoole\Http\Request;
use Swoole\Http\Response;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Frame;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Server;
/**
 * @see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-websocket-server
 */
class WebSocketService implements WebSocketHandlerInterface
{
    // Declare constructor without parameters
    public function __construct()
    {
    }
    // public function onHandShake(Request $request, Response $response)
    // {
           // Custom handshake: https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-websocket-server-on-handshake
           // The onOpen event will be triggered automatically after a successful handshake
    // }
    public function onOpen(Server $server, Request $request)
    {
        // Before the onOpen event is triggered, the HTTP request to establish the WebSocket has passed the Laravel route,
        // so Laravel's Request, Auth information are readable, Session is readable and writable, but only in the onOpen event.
        // \Log::info('New WebSocket connection', [$request->fd, request()->all(), session()->getId(), session('xxx'), session(['yyy' => time()])]);
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
        $server->push($request->fd, 'Welcome to LaravelS');
    }
    public function onMessage(Server $server, Frame $frame)
    {
        // \Log::info('Received message', [$frame->fd, $frame->data, $frame->opcode, $frame->finish]);
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
        $server->push($frame->fd, date('Y-m-d H:i:s'));
    }
    public function onClose(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
    }
}

2.Modify config/laravels.php.

// ...
'websocket'      => [
    'enable'  => true, // Note: set enable to true
    'handler' => \App\Services\WebSocketService::class,
],
'swoole'         => [
    //...
    // Must set dispatch_mode in (2, 4, 5), see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
    'dispatch_mode' => 2,
    //...
],
// ...

3.Use SwooleTable to bind FD & UserId, optional, Swoole Table Demo. Also you can use the other global storage services, like Redis/Memcached/MySQL, but be careful that FD will be possible conflicting between multiple Swoole Servers.

4.Cooperate with Nginx (Recommended)

Refer WebSocket Proxy

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}
upstream swoole {
    # Connect IP:Port
    server 127.0.0.1:5200 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    # Connect UnixSocket Stream file, tips: put the socket file in the /dev/shm directory to get better performance
    #server unix:/yourpath/laravel-s-test/storage/laravels.sock weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.1:5200 weight=3 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.2:5200 backup;
    keepalive 16;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    # Don't forget to bind the host
    server_name laravels.com;
    root /yourpath/laravel-s-test/public;
    access_log /yourpath/log/nginx/$server_name.access.log  main;
    autoindex off;
    index index.html index.htm;
    # Nginx handles the static resources(recommend enabling gzip), LaravelS handles the dynamic resource.
    location / {
        try_files $uri @laravels;
    }
    # Response 404 directly when request the PHP file, to avoid exposing public/*.php
    #location ~* \.php$ {
    #    return 404;
    #}
    # Http and WebSocket are concomitant, Nginx identifies them by "location"
    # !!! The location of WebSocket is "/ws"
    # Javascript: var ws = new WebSocket("ws://laravels.com/ws");
    location =/ws {
        # proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_read_timeout: Nginx will close the connection if the proxied server does not send data to Nginx in 60 seconds; At the same time, this close behavior is also affected by heartbeat setting of Swoole.
        # proxy_read_timeout 60s;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Server-Protocol $server_protocol;
        proxy_set_header Server-Name $server_name;
        proxy_set_header Server-Addr $server_addr;
        proxy_set_header Server-Port $server_port;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
        proxy_pass http://swoole;
    }
    location @laravels {
        # proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_read_timeout 60s;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Server-Protocol $server_protocol;
        proxy_set_header Server-Name $server_name;
        proxy_set_header Server-Addr $server_addr;
        proxy_set_header Server-Port $server_port;
        proxy_pass http://swoole;
    }
}

5.Heartbeat setting

Heartbeat setting of Swoole

// config/laravels.php
'swoole' => [
    //...
    // All connections are traversed every 60 seconds. If a connection does not send any data to the server within 600 seconds, the connection will be forced to close.
    'heartbeat_idle_time'      => 600,
    'heartbeat_check_interval' => 60,
    //...
],

Proxy read timeout of Nginx

# Nginx will close the connection if the proxied server does not send data to Nginx in 60 seconds
proxy_read_timeout 60s;

6.Push data in controller

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
class TestController extends Controller
{
    public function push()
    {
        $fd = 1; // Find fd by userId from a map [userId=>fd].
        /**@var \Swoole\WebSocket\Server $swoole */
        $swoole = app('swoole');
        $success = $swoole->push($fd, 'Push data to fd#1 in Controller');
        var_dump($success);
    }
}

Listen events

System events

Usually, you can reset/destroy some global/static variables, or change the current Request/Response object.

laravels.received_request After LaravelS parsed Swoole\Http\Request to Illuminate\Http\Request, before Laravel's Kernel handles this request.

// Edit file `app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php`, add the following code into method `boot`
// If no variable $events, you can also call Facade \Event::listen(). 
$events->listen('laravels.received_request', function (\Illuminate\Http\Request $req, $app) {
    $req->query->set('get_key', 'hhxsv5');// Change query of request
    $req->request->set('post_key', 'hhxsv5'); // Change post of request
});

laravels.generated_response After Laravel's Kernel handled the request, before LaravelS parses Illuminate\Http\Response to Swoole\Http\Response.

// Edit file `app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php`, add the following code into method `boot`
// If no variable $events, you can also call Facade \Event::listen(). 
$events->listen('laravels.generated_response', function (\Illuminate\Http\Request $req, \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response $rsp, $app) {
    $rsp->headers->set('header-key', 'hhxsv5');// Change header of response
});

Customized asynchronous events

This feature depends on AsyncTask of Swoole, your need to set swoole.task_worker_num in config/laravels.php firstly. The performance of asynchronous event processing is influenced by number of Swoole task process, you need to set task_worker_num appropriately.

1.Create event class.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Event;
class TestEvent extends Event
{
    protected $listeners = [
        // Listener list
        TestListener1::class,
        // TestListener2::class,
    ];
    private $data;
    public function __construct($data)
    {
        $this->data = $data;
    }
    public function getData()
    {
        return $this->data;
    }
}

2.Create listener class.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Listener;
class TestListener1 extends Listener
{
    /**
     * @var TestEvent
     */
    protected $event;
    
    public function handle()
    {
        \Log::info(__CLASS__ . ':handle start', [$this->event->getData()]);
        sleep(2);// Simulate the slow codes
        // Deliver task in CronJob, but NOT support callback finish() of task.
        // Note: Modify task_ipc_mode to 1 or 2 in config/laravels.php, see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
        $ret = Task::deliver(new TestTask('task data'));
        var_dump($ret);
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
    }
}

3.Fire event.

// Create instance of event and fire it, "fire" is asynchronous.
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Event;
$event = new TestEvent('event data');
// $event->delay(10); // Delay 10 seconds to fire event
// $event->setTries(3); // When an error occurs, try 3 times in total
$success = Event::fire($event);
var_dump($success);// Return true if sucess, otherwise false

Asynchronous task queue

This feature depends on AsyncTask of Swoole, your need to set swoole.task_worker_num in config/laravels.php firstly. The performance of task processing is influenced by number of Swoole task process, you need to set task_worker_num appropriately.

1.Create task class.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
class TestTask extends Task
{
    private $data;
    private $result;
    public function __construct($data)
    {
        $this->data = $data;
    }
    // The logic of task handling, run in task process, CAN NOT deliver task
    public function handle()
    {
        \Log::info(__CLASS__ . ':handle start', [$this->data]);
        sleep(2);// Simulate the slow codes
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
        $this->result = 'the result of ' . $this->data;
    }
    // Optional, finish event, the logic of after task handling, run in worker process, CAN deliver task 
    public function finish()
    {
        \Log::info(__CLASS__ . ':finish start', [$this->result]);
        Task::deliver(new TestTask2('task2 data')); // Deliver the other task
    }
}

2.Deliver task.

// Create instance of TestTask and deliver it, "deliver" is asynchronous.
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
$task = new TestTask('task data');
// $task->delay(3);// delay 3 seconds to deliver task
// $task->setTries(3); // When an error occurs, try 3 times in total
$ret = Task::deliver($task);
var_dump($ret);// Return true if sucess, otherwise false

Millisecond cron job

Wrapper cron job base on Swoole's Millisecond Timer, replace Linux Crontab.

1.Create cron job class.

namespace App\Jobs\Timer;
use App\Tasks\TestTask;
use Swoole\Coroutine;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Timer\CronJob;
class TestCronJob extends CronJob
{
    protected $i = 0;
    // !!! The `interval` and `isImmediate` of cron job can be configured in two ways(pick one of two): one is to overload the corresponding method, and the other is to pass parameters when registering cron job.
    // --- Override the corresponding method to return the configuration: begin
    public function interval()
    {
        return 1000;// Run every 1000ms
    }
    public function isImmediate()
    {
        return false;// Whether to trigger `run` immediately after setting up
    }
    // --- Override the corresponding method to return the configuration: end
    public function run()
    {
        \Log::info(__METHOD__, ['start', $this->i, microtime(true)]);
        // do something
        // sleep(1); // Swoole < 2.1
        Coroutine::sleep(1); // Swoole>=2.1 Coroutine will be automatically created for run().
        $this->i++;
        \Log::info(__METHOD__, ['end', $this->i, microtime(true)]);

        if ($this->i >= 10) { // Run 10 times only
            \Log::info(__METHOD__, ['stop', $this->i, microtime(true)]);
            $this->stop(); // Stop this cron job, but it will run again after restart/reload.
            // Deliver task in CronJob, but NOT support callback finish() of task.
            // Note: Modify task_ipc_mode to 1 or 2 in config/laravels.php, see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
            $ret = Task::deliver(new TestTask('task data'));
            var_dump($ret);
        }
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
    }
}

2.Register cron job.

// Register cron jobs in file "config/laravels.php"
[
    // ...
    'timer'          => [
        'enable' => true, // Enable Timer
        'jobs'   => [ // The list of cron job
            // Enable LaravelScheduleJob to run `php artisan schedule:run` every 1 minute, replace Linux Crontab
            // \Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelScheduleJob::class,
            // Two ways to configure parameters:
            // [\App\Jobs\Timer\TestCronJob::class, [1000, true]], // Pass in parameters when registering
            \App\Jobs\Timer\TestCronJob::class, // Override the corresponding method to return the configuration
        ],
        'max_wait_time' => 5, // Max waiting time of reloading
        // Enable the global lock to ensure that only one instance starts the timer when deploying multiple instances. This feature depends on Redis, please see https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/redis
        'global_lock'     => false,
        'global_lock_key' => config('app.name', 'Laravel'),
    ],
    // ...
];

3.Note: it will launch multiple timers when build the server cluster, so you need to make sure that launch one timer only to avoid running repetitive task.

4.LaravelS v3.4.0 starts to support the hot restart [Reload] Timer process. After LaravelS receives the SIGUSR1 signal, it waits for max_wait_time(default 5) seconds to end the process, then the Manager process will pull up the Timer process again.

5.If you only need to use minute-level scheduled tasks, it is recommended to enable Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelScheduleJob instead of Linux Crontab, so that you can follow the coding habits of Laravel task scheduling and configure Kernel.

// app/Console/Kernel.php
protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
    // runInBackground() will start a new child process to execute the task. This is asynchronous and will not affect the execution timing of other tasks.
    $schedule->command(TestCommand::class)->runInBackground()->everyMinute();
}

Automatically reload after modifying code

Via inotify, support Linux only.

1.Install inotify extension.

2.Turn on the switch in Settings.

3.Notice: Modify the file only in Linux to receive the file change events. It's recommended to use the latest Docker. Vagrant Solution.

Via fswatch, support OS X/Linux/Windows.

1.Install fswatch.

2.Run command in your project root directory.

# Watch current directory
./bin/fswatch
# Watch app directory
./bin/fswatch ./app

Via inotifywait, support Linux.

1.Install inotify-tools.

2.Run command in your project root directory.

# Watch current directory
./bin/inotify
# Watch app directory
./bin/inotify ./app

When the above methods does not work, the ultimate solution: set max_request=1,worker_num=1, so that Worker process will restart after processing a request. The performance of this method is very poor, so only development environment use.

Get the instance of SwooleServer in your project

/**
 * $swoole is the instance of `Swoole\WebSocket\Server` if enable WebSocket server, otherwise `Swoole\Http\Server`
 * @var \Swoole\WebSocket\Server|\Swoole\Http\Server $swoole
 */
$swoole = app('swoole');
var_dump($swoole->stats());
$swoole->push($fd, 'Push WebSocket message');

Use SwooleTable

1.Define Table, support multiple.

All defined tables will be created before Swoole starting.

// in file "config/laravels.php"
[
    // ...
    'swoole_tables'  => [
        // Scene：bind UserId & FD in WebSocket
        'ws' => [// The Key is table name, will add suffix "Table" to avoid naming conflicts. Here defined a table named "wsTable"
            'size'   => 102400,// The max size
            'column' => [// Define the columns
                ['name' => 'value', 'type' => \Swoole\Table::TYPE_INT, 'size' => 8],
            ],
        ],
        //...Define the other tables
    ],
    // ...
];

2.Access Table: all table instances will be bound on SwooleServer, access by app('swoole')->xxxTable.

namespace App\Services;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\WebSocketHandlerInterface;
use Swoole\Http\Request;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Frame;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Server;
class WebSocketService implements WebSocketHandlerInterface
{
    /**@var \Swoole\Table $wsTable */
    private $wsTable;
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->wsTable = app('swoole')->wsTable;
    }
    // Scene：bind UserId & FD in WebSocket
    public function onOpen(Server $server, Request $request)
    {
        // var_dump(app('swoole') === $server);// The same instance
        /**
         * Get the currently logged in user
         * This feature requires that the path to establish a WebSocket connection go through middleware such as Authenticate.
         * E.g:
         * Browser side: var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:5200/ws");
         * Then the /ws route in Laravel needs to add the middleware like Authenticate.
         * Route::get('/ws', function () {
         *     // Respond any content with status code 200
         *     return 'websocket';
         * })->middleware(['auth']);
         */
        // $user = Auth::user();
        // $userId = $user ? $user->id : 0; // 0 means a guest user who is not logged in
        $userId = mt_rand(1000, 10000);
        // if (!$userId) {
        //     // Disconnect the connections of unlogged users
        //     $server->disconnect($request->fd);
        //     return;
        // }
        $this->wsTable->set('uid:' . $userId, ['value' => $request->fd]);// Bind map uid to fd
        $this->wsTable->set('fd:' . $request->fd, ['value' => $userId]);// Bind map fd to uid
        $server->push($request->fd, "Welcome to LaravelS #{$request->fd}");
    }
    public function onMessage(Server $server, Frame $frame)
    {
        // Broadcast
        foreach ($this->wsTable as $key => $row) {
            if (strpos($key, 'uid:') === 0 && $server->isEstablished($row['value'])) {
                $content = sprintf('Broadcast: new message "%s" from #%d', $frame->data, $frame->fd);
                $server->push($row['value'], $content);
            }
        }
    }
    public function onClose(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        $uid = $this->wsTable->get('fd:' . $fd);
        if ($uid !== false) {
            $this->wsTable->del('uid:' . $uid['value']); // Unbind uid map
        }
        $this->wsTable->del('fd:' . $fd);// Unbind fd map
        $server->push($fd, "Goodbye #{$fd}");
    }
}

Multi-port mixed protocol

For more information, please refer to Swoole Server AddListener

To make our main server support more protocols not just Http and WebSocket, we bring the feature multi-port mixed protocol of Swoole in LaravelS and name it Socket. Now, you can build TCP/UDP applications easily on top of Laravel.

Create Socket handler class, and extend Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Socket\{TcpSocket|UdpSocket|Http|WebSocket}.

namespace App\Sockets;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Socket\TcpSocket;
use Swoole\Server;
class TestTcpSocket extends TcpSocket
{
    public function onConnect(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        \Log::info('New TCP connection', [$fd]);
        $server->send($fd, 'Welcome to LaravelS.');
    }
    public function onReceive(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId, $data)
    {
        \Log::info('Received data', [$fd, $data]);
        $server->send($fd, 'LaravelS: ' . $data);
        if ($data === "quit\r\n") {
            $server->send($fd, 'LaravelS: bye' . PHP_EOL);
            $server->close($fd);
        }
    }
    public function onClose(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        \Log::info('Close TCP connection', [$fd]);
        $server->send($fd, 'Goodbye');
    }
}

These Socket connections share the same worker processes with your HTTP/WebSocket connections. So it won't be a problem at all if you want to deliver tasks, use SwooleTable, even Laravel components such as DB, Eloquent and so on. At the same time, you can access Swoole\Server\Port object directly by member property swoolePort.

public function onReceive(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId, $data)
{
    $port = $this->swoolePort; // Get the `Swoole\Server\Port` object
}

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
class TestController extends Controller
{
    public function test()
    {
        /**@var \Swoole\Http\Server|\Swoole\WebSocket\Server $swoole */
        $swoole = app('swoole');
        // $swoole->ports: Traverse all Port objects, https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/multiple-ports
        $port = $swoole->ports[0]; // Get the `Swoole\Server\Port` object, $port[0] is the port of the main server
        foreach ($port->connections as $fd) { // Traverse all connections
            // $swoole->send($fd, 'Send tcp message');
            // if($swoole->isEstablished($fd)) {
            //     $swoole->push($fd, 'Send websocket message');
            // }
        }
    }
}

Register Sockets.

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
//...
'sockets' => [
    [
        'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
        'port'     => 5291,
        'type'     => SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP,// Socket type: SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP/SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP6/SWOOLE_SOCK_UDP/SWOOLE_SOCK_UDP6/SWOOLE_UNIX_DGRAM/SWOOLE_UNIX_STREAM
        'settings' => [// Swoole settings：https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server-methods#swoole_server-addlistener
            'open_eof_check' => true,
            'package_eof'    => "\r\n",
        ],
        'handler'  => \App\Sockets\TestTcpSocket::class,
        'enable'   => true, // whether to enable, default true
    ],
],

About the heartbeat configuration, it can only be set on the main server and cannot be configured on Socket, but the Socket inherits the heartbeat configuration of the main server.

For TCP socket, onConnect and onClose events will be blocked when dispatch_mode of Swoole is 1/3, so if you want to unblock these two events please set dispatch_mode to 2/4/5.

'swoole' => [
    //...
    'dispatch_mode' => 2,
    //...
];

Test.

TCP: telnet 127.0.0.1 5291

UDP: [Linux] echo "Hello LaravelS" > /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/5292

Register example of other protocols.

• UDP
• Http
• WebSocket: The main server must turn on WebSocket, that is, set websocket.enable to true.

Coroutine

Swoole Coroutine

Warning: The order of code execution in the coroutine is out of order. The data of the request level should be isolated by the coroutine ID. However, there are many singleton and static attributes in Laravel/Lumen, the data between different requests will affect each other, it's Unsafe. For example, the database connection is a singleton, the same database connection shares the same PDO resource. This is fine in the synchronous blocking mode, but it does not work in the asynchronous coroutine mode. Each query needs to create different connections and maintain IO state of different connections, which requires a connection pool.

DO NOT enable the coroutine, only the custom process can use the coroutine.

Custom process

Support developers to create special work processes for monitoring, reporting, or other special tasks. Refer addProcess.

Create Proccess class, implements CustomProcessInterface.

namespace App\Processes;
use App\Tasks\TestTask;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Process\CustomProcessInterface;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
use Swoole\Coroutine;
use Swoole\Http\Server;
use Swoole\Process;
class TestProcess implements CustomProcessInterface
{
    /**
     * @var bool Quit tag for Reload updates
     */
    private static $quit = false;

    public static function callback(Server $swoole, Process $process)
    {
        // The callback method cannot exit. Once exited, Manager process will automatically create the process 
        while (!self::$quit) {
            \Log::info('Test process: running');
            // sleep(1); // Swoole < 2.1
            Coroutine::sleep(1); // Swoole>=2.1: Coroutine & Runtime will be automatically enabled for callback().
             // Deliver task in custom process, but NOT support callback finish() of task.
            // Note: Modify task_ipc_mode to 1 or 2 in config/laravels.php, see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
            $ret = Task::deliver(new TestTask('task data'));
            var_dump($ret);
            // The upper layer will catch the exception thrown in the callback and record it in the Swoole log, and then this process will exit. The Manager process will re-create the process after 3 seconds, so developers need to try/catch to catch the exception by themselves to avoid frequent process creation.
            // throw new \Exception('an exception');
        }
    }
    // Requirements: LaravelS >= v3.4.0 & callback() must be async non-blocking program.
    public static function onReload(Server $swoole, Process $process)
    {
        // Stop the process...
        // Then end process
        \Log::info('Test process: reloading');
        self::$quit = true;
        // $process->exit(0); // Force exit process
    }
    // Requirements: LaravelS >= v3.7.4 & callback() must be async non-blocking program.
    public static function onStop(Server $swoole, Process $process)
    {
        // Stop the process...
        // Then end process
        \Log::info('Test process: stopping');
        self::$quit = true;
        // $process->exit(0); // Force exit process
    }
}

Register TestProcess.

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
// ...
'processes' => [
    'test' => [ // Key name is process name
        'class'    => \App\Processes\TestProcess::class,
        'redirect' => false, // Whether redirect stdin/stdout, true or false
        'pipe'     => 0,     // The type of pipeline, 0: no pipeline 1: SOCK_STREAM 2: SOCK_DGRAM
        'enable'   => true,  // Whether to enable, default true
        //'num'    => 3   // To create multiple processes of this class, default is 1
        //'queue'    => [ // Enable message queue as inter-process communication, configure empty array means use default parameters
        //    'msg_key'  => 0,    // The key of the message queue. Default: ftok(__FILE__, 1).
        //    'mode'     => 2,    // Communication mode, default is 2, which means contention mode
        //    'capacity' => 8192, // The length of a single message, is limited by the operating system kernel parameters. The default is 8192, and the maximum is 65536
        //],
        //'restart_interval' => 5, // After the process exits abnormally, how many seconds to wait before restarting the process, default 5 seconds
    ],
],

Note: The callback() cannot quit. If quit, the Manager process will re-create the process.

Example: Write data to a custom process.

// config/laravels.php
'processes' => [
    'test' => [
        'class'    => \App\Processes\TestProcess::class,
        'redirect' => false,
        'pipe'     => 1,
    ],
],

// app/Processes/TestProcess.php
public static function callback(Server $swoole, Process $process)
{
    while ($data = $process->read()) {
        \Log::info('TestProcess: read data', [$data]);
        $process->write('TestProcess: ' . $data);
    }
}

// app/Http/Controllers/TestController.php
public function testProcessWrite()
{
    /**@var \Swoole\Process $process */
    $process = app('swoole')->customProcesses['test'];
    $process->write('TestController: write data' . time());
    var_dump($process->read());
}

Common components

Apollo

LaravelS will pull the Apollo configuration and write it to the .env file when starting. At the same time, LaravelS will start the custom process apollo to monitor the configuration and automatically reload when the configuration changes.

Enable Apollo: add --enable-apollo and Apollo parameters to the startup parameters.

php bin/laravels start --enable-apollo --apollo-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --apollo-app-id=LARAVEL-S-TEST

Support hot updates(optional).

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
'processes' => Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Apollo\Process::getDefinition(),

// When there are other custom process configurations
'processes' => [
    'test' => [
        'class'    => \App\Processes\TestProcess::class,
        'redirect' => false,
        'pipe'     => 1,
    ],
    // ...
] + Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Apollo\Process::getDefinition(),

List of available parameters.

Parameter	Description	Default	Demo
apollo-server	Apollo server URL	-	--apollo-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080
apollo-app-id	Apollo APP ID	-	--apollo-app-id=LARAVEL-S-TEST
apollo-namespaces	The namespace to which the APP belongs, support specify the multiple	application	--apollo-namespaces=application --apollo-namespaces=env
apollo-cluster	The cluster to which the APP belongs	default	--apollo-cluster=default
apollo-client-ip	IP of current instance, can also be used for grayscale publishing	Local intranet IP	--apollo-client-ip=10.2.1.83
apollo-pull-timeout	Timeout time(seconds) when pulling configuration	5	--apollo-pull-timeout=5
apollo-backup-old-env	Whether to backup the old configuration file when updating the configuration file .env	false	--apollo-backup-old-env

Prometheus

Support Prometheus monitoring and alarm, Grafana visually view monitoring metrics. Please refer to Docker Compose for the environment construction of Prometheus and Grafana.

Require extension APCu >= 5.0.0, please install it by pecl install apcu.

Copy the configuration file prometheus.php to the config directory of your project. Modify the configuration as appropriate.

# Execute commands in the project root directory
cp vendor/hhxsv5/laravel-s/config/prometheus.php config/

If your project is Lumen, you also need to manually load the configuration $app->configure('prometheus'); in bootstrap/app.php.

Configure global middleware: Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\RequestMiddleware::class. In order to count the request time consumption as accurately as possible, RequestMiddleware must be the first global middleware, which needs to be placed in front of other middleware.

Register ServiceProvider: Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\ServiceProvider::class.

Configure the CollectorProcess in config/laravels.php to collect the metrics of Swoole Worker/Task/Timer processes regularly.

'processes' => Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\CollectorProcess::getDefinition(),

Create the route to output metrics.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\Exporter;

Route::get('/actuator/prometheus', function () {
    $result = app(Exporter::class)->render();
    return response($result, 200, ['Content-Type' => Exporter::REDNER_MIME_TYPE]);
});

Complete the configuration of Prometheus and start it.

global:
  scrape_interval: 5s
  scrape_timeout: 5s
  evaluation_interval: 30s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: laravel-s-test
  honor_timestamps: true
  metrics_path: /actuator/prometheus
  scheme: http
  follow_redirects: true
  static_configs:
  - targets:
    - 127.0.0.1:5200 # The ip and port of the monitored service
# Dynamically discovered using one of the supported service-discovery mechanisms
# https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#scrape_config
# - job_name: laravels-eureka
#   honor_timestamps: true
#   scrape_interval: 5s
#   metrics_path: /actuator/prometheus
#   scheme: http
#   follow_redirects: true
  # eureka_sd_configs:
  # - server: http://127.0.0.1:8080/eureka
  #   follow_redirects: true
  #   refresh_interval: 5s

Start Grafana, then import panel json.

Other features

Configure Swoole events

Supported events:

Event	Interface	When happened
ServerStart	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStartInterface	Occurs when the Master process is starting, this event should not handle complex business logic, and can only do some simple work of initialization.
ServerStop	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStopInterface	Occurs when the server exits normally, CANNOT use async or coroutine related APIs in this event.
WorkerStart	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerStartInterface	Occurs after the Worker/Task process is started, and the Laravel initialization has been completed.
WorkerStop	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerStopInterface	Occurs after the Worker/Task process exits normally
WorkerError	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerErrorInterface	Occurs when an exception or fatal error occurs in the Worker/Task process

1.Create an event class to implement the corresponding interface.

namespace App\Events;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStartInterface;
use Swoole\Atomic;
use Swoole\Http\Server;
class ServerStartEvent implements ServerStartInterface
{
    public function __construct()
    {
    }
    public function handle(Server $server)
    {
        // Initialize a global counter (available across processes)
        $server->atomicCount = new Atomic(2233);

        // Invoked in controller: app('swoole')->atomicCount->get();
    }
}

namespace App\Events;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerStartInterface;
use Swoole\Http\Server;
class WorkerStartEvent implements WorkerStartInterface
{
    public function __construct()
    {
    }
    public function handle(Server $server, $workerId)
    {
        // Initialize a database connection pool
        // DatabaseConnectionPool::init();
    }
}

2.Configuration.

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
'event_handlers' => [
    'ServerStart' => [\App\Events\ServerStartEvent::class], // Trigger events in array order
    'WorkerStart' => [\App\Events\WorkerStartEvent::class],
],

Serverless

Alibaba Cloud Function Compute

Function Compute.

1.Modify bootstrap/app.php and set the storage directory. Because the project directory is read-only, the /tmp directory can only be read and written.

$app->useStoragePath(env('APP_STORAGE_PATH', '/tmp/storage'));

2.Create a shell script laravels_bootstrap and grant executable permission.

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set +e

# Create storage-related directories
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/app/public
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/cache
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/sessions
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/testing
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/views
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/logs

# Set the environment variable APP_STORAGE_PATH, please make sure it's the same as APP_STORAGE_PATH in .env
export APP_STORAGE_PATH=/tmp/storage

# Start LaravelS
php bin/laravels start

3.Configure template.xml.

ROSTemplateFormatVersion: '2015-09-01'
Transform: 'Aliyun::Serverless-2018-04-03'
Resources:
  laravel-s-demo:
    Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Service'
    Properties:
      Description: 'LaravelS Demo for Serverless'
    fc-laravel-s:
      Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Function'
      Properties:
        Handler: laravels.handler
        Runtime: custom
        MemorySize: 512
        Timeout: 30
        CodeUri: ./
        InstanceConcurrency: 10
        EnvironmentVariables:
          BOOTSTRAP_FILE: laravels_bootstrap

Important notices

Singleton Issue

Under FPM mode, singleton instances will be instantiated and recycled in every request, request start=>instantiate instance=>request end=>recycled instance.

Under Swoole Server, All singleton instances will be held in memory, different lifetime from FPM, request start=>instantiate instance=>request end=>do not recycle singleton instance. So need developer to maintain status of singleton instances in every request.

Common solutions:

Write a XxxCleaner class to clean up the singleton object state. This class implements the interface Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\Cleaners\CleanerInterface and then registers it in cleaners of laravels.php.

Reset status of singleton instances by Middleware.

Re-register ServiceProvider, add XxxServiceProvider into register_providers of file laravels.php. So that reinitialize singleton instances in every request Refer.

Cleaners

Configuration cleaners.

Known issues

Known issues: a package of known issues and solutions.

Debugging method

Logging; if you want to output to the console, you can use stderr, Log::channel('stderr')->debug('debug message').

Laravel Dump Server(Laravel 5.7 has been integrated by default).

Read request

Read request by Illuminate\Http\Request Object, $_ENV is readable, $_SERVER is partially readable, CANNOT USE $_GET/$_POST/$_FILES/$_COOKIE/$_REQUEST/$_SESSION/$GLOBALS.

public function form(\Illuminate\Http\Request $request)
{
    $name = $request->input('name');
    $all = $request->all();
    $sessionId = $request->cookie('sessionId');
    $photo = $request->file('photo');
    // Call getContent() to get the raw POST body, instead of file_get_contents('php://input')
    $rawContent = $request->getContent();
    //...
}

Output response

Respond by Illuminate\Http\Response Object, compatible with echo/vardump()/print_r()，CANNOT USE functions dd()/exit()/die()/header()/setcookie()/http_response_code().

public function json()
{
    return response()->json(['time' => time()])->header('header1', 'value1')->withCookie('c1', 'v1');
}

Persistent connection

Singleton connection will be resident in memory, it is recommended to turn on persistent connection for better performance.

Database connection, it will reconnect automatically immediately after disconnect.

// config/database.php
'connections' => [
    'my_conn' => [
        'driver'    => 'mysql',
        'host'      => env('DB_MY_CONN_HOST', 'localhost'),
        'port'      => env('DB_MY_CONN_PORT', 3306),
        'database'  => env('DB_MY_CONN_DATABASE', 'forge'),
        'username'  => env('DB_MY_CONN_USERNAME', 'forge'),
        'password'  => env('DB_MY_CONN_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'   => 'utf8mb4',
        'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
        'prefix'    => '',
        'strict'    => false,
        'options'   => [
            // Enable persistent connection
            \PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
        ],
    ],
],

Redis connection, it won't reconnect automatically immediately after disconnect, and will throw an exception about lost connection, reconnect next time. You need to make sure that SELECT DB correctly before operating Redis every time.

// config/database.php
'redis' => [
    'client' => env('REDIS_CLIENT', 'phpredis'), // It is recommended to use phpredis for better performance.
    'default' => [
        'host'       => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
        'password'   => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
        'port'       => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
        'database'   => 0,
        'persistent' => true, // Enable persistent connection
    ],
],

About memory leaks

Avoid using global variables. If necessary, please clean or reset them manually.

Infinitely appending element into static/global variable will lead to OOM(Out of Memory).

class Test
{
    public static $array = [];
    public static $string = '';
}

// Controller
public function test(Request $req)
{
    // Out of Memory
    Test::$array[] = $req->input('param1');
    Test::$string .= $req->input('param2');
}

Memory leak detection method

Modify config/laravels.php: worker_num=1, max_request=1000000, remember to change it back after test;

Add routing /debug-memory-leak without route middleware to observe the memory changes of the Worker process;

Start LaravelS and request /debug-memory-leak until diff_mem is less than or equal to zero; if diff_mem is always greater than zero, it means that there may be a memory leak in Global Middleware or Laravel Framework;

After completing Step 3, alternately request the business routes and /debug-memory-leak (It is recommended to use ab/wrk to make a large number of requests for business routes), the initial increase in memory is normal. After a large number of requests for the business routes, if diff_mem is always greater than zero and curr_mem continues to increase, there is a high probability of memory leak; If curr_mem always changes within a certain range and does not continue to increase, there is a low probability of memory leak.

If you still can't solve it, max_request is the last guarantee.

Linux kernel parameter adjustment

Linux kernel parameter adjustment

Pressure test

Pressure test

Alternatives

• swooletw/laravel-swoole

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License

MIT

Author: hhxsv5
Source Code: https://github.com/hhxsv5/laravel-s
License: MIT License

#php #laravel 

LaravelS: Glue for using Swoole in Laravel Or Lumen

🚀 LaravelS is an out-of-the-box adapter between Swoole and Laravel/Lumen.

Please Watch this repository to get the latest updates.

 _                               _  _____ 
| |                             | |/ ____|
| |     __ _ _ __ __ ___   _____| | (___  
| |    / _` | '__/ _` \ \ / / _ \ |\___ \ 
| |___| (_| | | | (_| |\ V /  __/ |____) |
|______\__,_|_|  \__,_| \_/ \___|_|_____/ 

中文文档

Features

Built-in Http/WebSocket server

Multi-port mixed protocol

Custom process

Memory resident

Asynchronous event listening

Asynchronous task queue

Millisecond cron job

Common Components

Gracefully reload

Automatically reload after modifying code

Support Laravel/Lumen both, good compatibility

Simple & Out of the box

Benchmark

Which is the fastest web framework?

TechEmpower Framework Benchmarks

Requirements

Dependency	Requirement
PHP	>= 5.5.9 Recommend PHP7+
Swoole	>= 1.7.19 No longer support PHP5 since 2.0.12 Recommend 4.5.0+
Laravel/Lumen	>= 5.1 Recommend 8.0+

Install

1.Require package via Composer(packagist).

composer require "hhxsv5/laravel-s:~3.7.0" -vvv
# Make sure that your composer.lock file is under the VCS

2.Register service provider(pick one of two).

Laravel: in config/app.php file, Laravel 5.5+ supports package discovery automatically, you should skip this step

'providers' => [
    //...
    Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelSServiceProvider::class,
],

Lumen: in bootstrap/app.php file

$app->register(Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelSServiceProvider::class);

3.Publish configuration and binaries.

After upgrading LaravelS, you need to republish; click here to see the change notes of each version.

php artisan laravels publish
# Configuration: config/laravels.php
# Binary: bin/laravels bin/fswatch bin/inotify

4.Change config/laravels.php: listen_ip, listen_port, refer Settings.

5.Performance tuning

Adjust kernel parameters

Number of Workers: LaravelS uses Swoole's Synchronous IO mode, the larger the worker_num setting, the better the concurrency performance, but it will cause more memory usage and process switching overhead. If one request takes 100ms, in order to provide 1000QPS concurrency, at least 100 Worker processes need to be configured. The calculation method is: worker_num = 1000QPS/(1s/1ms) = 100, so incremental pressure testing is needed to calculate the best worker_num.

Number of Task Workers

Run

Please read the notices carefully before running, Important notices(IMPORTANT).

• Commands: php bin/laravels {start|stop|restart|reload|info|help}.

Command	Description
start	Start LaravelS, list the processes by "ps -ef|grep laravels"
stop	Stop LaravelS, and trigger the method onStop of Custom process
restart	Restart LaravelS: Stop gracefully before starting; The service is unavailable until startup is complete
reload	Reload all Task/Worker/Timer processes which contain your business codes, and trigger the method onReload of Custom process, CANNOT reload Master/Manger processes. After modifying config/laravels.php, you only have to call restart to restart
info	Display component version information
help	Display help information

• Boot options for the commands start and restart.

Option	Description
-d|--daemonize	Run as a daemon, this option will override the swoole.daemonize setting in laravels.php
-e|--env	The environment the command should run under, such as --env=testing will use the configuration file .env.testing firstly, this feature requires Laravel 5.2+
-i|--ignore	Ignore checking PID file of Master process
-x|--x-version	The version(branch) of the current project, stored in $_ENV/$_SERVER, access via $_ENV['X_VERSION'] $_SERVER['X_VERSION'] $request->server->get('X_VERSION')

• Runtime files: start will automatically execute php artisan laravels config and generate these files, developers generally don't need to pay attention to them, it's recommended to add them to .gitignore.

File	Description
storage/laravels.conf	LaravelS's runtime configuration file
storage/laravels.pid	PID file of Master process
storage/laravels-timer-process.pid	PID file of the Timer process
storage/laravels-custom-processes.pid	PID file of all custom processes

Deploy

It is recommended to supervise the main process through Supervisord, the premise is without option -d and to set swoole.daemonize to false.

[program:laravel-s-test]
directory=/var/www/laravel-s-test
command=/usr/local/bin/php bin/laravels start -i
numprocs=1
autostart=true
autorestart=true
startretries=3
user=www-data
redirect_stderr=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/%(program_name)s.log

Cooperate with Nginx (Recommended)

Demo.

gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_comp_level 2;
gzip_types text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png font/ttf font/otf image/svg+xml;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_disable "msie6";
upstream swoole {
    # Connect IP:Port
    server 127.0.0.1:5200 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    # Connect UnixSocket Stream file, tips: put the socket file in the /dev/shm directory to get better performance
    #server unix:/yourpath/laravel-s-test/storage/laravels.sock weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.1:5200 weight=3 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.2:5200 backup;
    keepalive 16;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    # Don't forget to bind the host
    server_name laravels.com;
    root /yourpath/laravel-s-test/public;
    access_log /yourpath/log/nginx/$server_name.access.log  main;
    autoindex off;
    index index.html index.htm;
    # Nginx handles the static resources(recommend enabling gzip), LaravelS handles the dynamic resource.
    location / {
        try_files $uri @laravels;
    }
    # Response 404 directly when request the PHP file, to avoid exposing public/*.php
    #location ~* \.php$ {
    #    return 404;
    #}
    location @laravels {
        # proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_read_timeout 120s;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Server-Protocol $server_protocol;
        proxy_set_header Server-Name $server_name;
        proxy_set_header Server-Addr $server_addr;
        proxy_set_header Server-Port $server_port;
        # "swoole" is the upstream
        proxy_pass http://swoole;
    }
}

Cooperate with Apache

LoadModule proxy_module /yourpath/modules/mod_proxy.so
LoadModule proxy_balancer_module /yourpath/modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module /yourpath/modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
LoadModule proxy_http_module /yourpath/modules/mod_proxy_http.so
LoadModule slotmem_shm_module /yourpath/modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
LoadModule rewrite_module /yourpath/modules/mod_rewrite.so
LoadModule remoteip_module /yourpath/modules/mod_remoteip.so
LoadModule deflate_module /yourpath/modules/mod_deflate.so

<IfModule deflate_module>
    SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
    DeflateCompressionLevel 2
    AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml application/x-httpd-php image/jpeg image/gif image/png font/ttf font/otf image/svg+xml
</IfModule>

<VirtualHost *:80>
    # Don't forget to bind the host
    ServerName www.laravels.com
    ServerAdmin hhxsv5@sina.com

    DocumentRoot /yourpath/laravel-s-test/public;
    DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm
    <Directory "/">
        AllowOverride None
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    RemoteIPHeader X-Forwarded-For

    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    <Proxy balancer://laravels>  
        BalancerMember http://192.168.1.1:5200 loadfactor=7
        #BalancerMember http://192.168.1.2:5200 loadfactor=3
        #BalancerMember http://192.168.1.3:5200 loadfactor=1 status=+H
        ProxySet lbmethod=byrequests
    </Proxy>
    #ProxyPass / balancer://laravels/
    #ProxyPassReverse / balancer://laravels/

    # Apache handles the static resources, LaravelS handles the dynamic resource.
    RewriteEngine On
    RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
    RewriteCond %{DOCUMENT_ROOT}%{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
    RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ balancer://laravels%{REQUEST_URI} [P,L]

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.laravels.com.error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/www.laravels.com.access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Enable WebSocket server

The Listening address of WebSocket Sever is the same as Http Server.

1.Create WebSocket Handler class, and implement interface WebSocketHandlerInterface.The instant is automatically instantiated when start, you do not need to manually create it.

namespace App\Services;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\WebSocketHandlerInterface;
use Swoole\Http\Request;
use Swoole\Http\Response;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Frame;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Server;
/**
 * @see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-websocket-server
 */
class WebSocketService implements WebSocketHandlerInterface
{
    // Declare constructor without parameters
    public function __construct()
    {
    }
    // public function onHandShake(Request $request, Response $response)
    // {
           // Custom handshake: https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-websocket-server-on-handshake
           // The onOpen event will be triggered automatically after a successful handshake
    // }
    public function onOpen(Server $server, Request $request)
    {
        // Before the onOpen event is triggered, the HTTP request to establish the WebSocket has passed the Laravel route,
        // so Laravel's Request, Auth information are readable, Session is readable and writable, but only in the onOpen event.
        // \Log::info('New WebSocket connection', [$request->fd, request()->all(), session()->getId(), session('xxx'), session(['yyy' => time()])]);
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
        $server->push($request->fd, 'Welcome to LaravelS');
    }
    public function onMessage(Server $server, Frame $frame)
    {
        // \Log::info('Received message', [$frame->fd, $frame->data, $frame->opcode, $frame->finish]);
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
        $server->push($frame->fd, date('Y-m-d H:i:s'));
    }
    public function onClose(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
    }
}

2.Modify config/laravels.php.

// ...
'websocket'      => [
    'enable'  => true, // Note: set enable to true
    'handler' => \App\Services\WebSocketService::class,
],
'swoole'         => [
    //...
    // Must set dispatch_mode in (2, 4, 5), see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
    'dispatch_mode' => 2,
    //...
],
// ...

3.Use SwooleTable to bind FD & UserId, optional, Swoole Table Demo. Also you can use the other global storage services, like Redis/Memcached/MySQL, but be careful that FD will be possible conflicting between multiple Swoole Servers.

4.Cooperate with Nginx (Recommended)

Refer WebSocket Proxy

map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
    default upgrade;
    ''      close;
}
upstream swoole {
    # Connect IP:Port
    server 127.0.0.1:5200 weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    # Connect UnixSocket Stream file, tips: put the socket file in the /dev/shm directory to get better performance
    #server unix:/yourpath/laravel-s-test/storage/laravels.sock weight=5 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.1:5200 weight=3 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=30s;
    #server 192.168.1.2:5200 backup;
    keepalive 16;
}
server {
    listen 80;
    # Don't forget to bind the host
    server_name laravels.com;
    root /yourpath/laravel-s-test/public;
    access_log /yourpath/log/nginx/$server_name.access.log  main;
    autoindex off;
    index index.html index.htm;
    # Nginx handles the static resources(recommend enabling gzip), LaravelS handles the dynamic resource.
    location / {
        try_files $uri @laravels;
    }
    # Response 404 directly when request the PHP file, to avoid exposing public/*.php
    #location ~* \.php$ {
    #    return 404;
    #}
    # Http and WebSocket are concomitant, Nginx identifies them by "location"
    # !!! The location of WebSocket is "/ws"
    # Javascript: var ws = new WebSocket("ws://laravels.com/ws");
    location =/ws {
        # proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_read_timeout: Nginx will close the connection if the proxied server does not send data to Nginx in 60 seconds; At the same time, this close behavior is also affected by heartbeat setting of Swoole.
        # proxy_read_timeout 60s;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Server-Protocol $server_protocol;
        proxy_set_header Server-Name $server_name;
        proxy_set_header Server-Addr $server_addr;
        proxy_set_header Server-Port $server_port;
        proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
        proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
        proxy_pass http://swoole;
    }
    location @laravels {
        # proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_send_timeout 60s;
        # proxy_read_timeout 60s;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Connection "";
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-PORT $remote_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Scheme $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Server-Protocol $server_protocol;
        proxy_set_header Server-Name $server_name;
        proxy_set_header Server-Addr $server_addr;
        proxy_set_header Server-Port $server_port;
        proxy_pass http://swoole;
    }
}

5.Heartbeat setting

Heartbeat setting of Swoole

// config/laravels.php
'swoole' => [
    //...
    // All connections are traversed every 60 seconds. If a connection does not send any data to the server within 600 seconds, the connection will be forced to close.
    'heartbeat_idle_time'      => 600,
    'heartbeat_check_interval' => 60,
    //...
],

Proxy read timeout of Nginx

# Nginx will close the connection if the proxied server does not send data to Nginx in 60 seconds
proxy_read_timeout 60s;

6.Push data in controller

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
class TestController extends Controller
{
    public function push()
    {
        $fd = 1; // Find fd by userId from a map [userId=>fd].
        /**@var \Swoole\WebSocket\Server $swoole */
        $swoole = app('swoole');
        $success = $swoole->push($fd, 'Push data to fd#1 in Controller');
        var_dump($success);
    }
}

Listen events

System events

Usually, you can reset/destroy some global/static variables, or change the current Request/Response object.

laravels.received_request After LaravelS parsed Swoole\Http\Request to Illuminate\Http\Request, before Laravel's Kernel handles this request.

// Edit file `app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php`, add the following code into method `boot`
// If no variable $events, you can also call Facade \Event::listen(). 
$events->listen('laravels.received_request', function (\Illuminate\Http\Request $req, $app) {
    $req->query->set('get_key', 'hhxsv5');// Change query of request
    $req->request->set('post_key', 'hhxsv5'); // Change post of request
});

laravels.generated_response After Laravel's Kernel handled the request, before LaravelS parses Illuminate\Http\Response to Swoole\Http\Response.

// Edit file `app/Providers/EventServiceProvider.php`, add the following code into method `boot`
// If no variable $events, you can also call Facade \Event::listen(). 
$events->listen('laravels.generated_response', function (\Illuminate\Http\Request $req, \Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response $rsp, $app) {
    $rsp->headers->set('header-key', 'hhxsv5');// Change header of response
});

Customized asynchronous events

This feature depends on AsyncTask of Swoole, your need to set swoole.task_worker_num in config/laravels.php firstly. The performance of asynchronous event processing is influenced by number of Swoole task process, you need to set task_worker_num appropriately.

1.Create event class.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Event;
class TestEvent extends Event
{
    protected $listeners = [
        // Listener list
        TestListener1::class,
        // TestListener2::class,
    ];
    private $data;
    public function __construct($data)
    {
        $this->data = $data;
    }
    public function getData()
    {
        return $this->data;
    }
}

2.Create listener class.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Listener;
class TestListener1 extends Listener
{
    /**
     * @var TestEvent
     */
    protected $event;
    
    public function handle()
    {
        \Log::info(__CLASS__ . ':handle start', [$this->event->getData()]);
        sleep(2);// Simulate the slow codes
        // Deliver task in CronJob, but NOT support callback finish() of task.
        // Note: Modify task_ipc_mode to 1 or 2 in config/laravels.php, see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
        $ret = Task::deliver(new TestTask('task data'));
        var_dump($ret);
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
    }
}

3.Fire event.

// Create instance of event and fire it, "fire" is asynchronous.
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Event;
$event = new TestEvent('event data');
// $event->delay(10); // Delay 10 seconds to fire event
// $event->setTries(3); // When an error occurs, try 3 times in total
$success = Event::fire($event);
var_dump($success);// Return true if sucess, otherwise false

Asynchronous task queue

This feature depends on AsyncTask of Swoole, your need to set swoole.task_worker_num in config/laravels.php firstly. The performance of task processing is influenced by number of Swoole task process, you need to set task_worker_num appropriately.

1.Create task class.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
class TestTask extends Task
{
    private $data;
    private $result;
    public function __construct($data)
    {
        $this->data = $data;
    }
    // The logic of task handling, run in task process, CAN NOT deliver task
    public function handle()
    {
        \Log::info(__CLASS__ . ':handle start', [$this->data]);
        sleep(2);// Simulate the slow codes
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
        $this->result = 'the result of ' . $this->data;
    }
    // Optional, finish event, the logic of after task handling, run in worker process, CAN deliver task 
    public function finish()
    {
        \Log::info(__CLASS__ . ':finish start', [$this->result]);
        Task::deliver(new TestTask2('task2 data')); // Deliver the other task
    }
}

2.Deliver task.

// Create instance of TestTask and deliver it, "deliver" is asynchronous.
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
$task = new TestTask('task data');
// $task->delay(3);// delay 3 seconds to deliver task
// $task->setTries(3); // When an error occurs, try 3 times in total
$ret = Task::deliver($task);
var_dump($ret);// Return true if sucess, otherwise false

Millisecond cron job

Wrapper cron job base on Swoole's Millisecond Timer, replace Linux Crontab.

1.Create cron job class.

namespace App\Jobs\Timer;
use App\Tasks\TestTask;
use Swoole\Coroutine;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Timer\CronJob;
class TestCronJob extends CronJob
{
    protected $i = 0;
    // !!! The `interval` and `isImmediate` of cron job can be configured in two ways(pick one of two): one is to overload the corresponding method, and the other is to pass parameters when registering cron job.
    // --- Override the corresponding method to return the configuration: begin
    public function interval()
    {
        return 1000;// Run every 1000ms
    }
    public function isImmediate()
    {
        return false;// Whether to trigger `run` immediately after setting up
    }
    // --- Override the corresponding method to return the configuration: end
    public function run()
    {
        \Log::info(__METHOD__, ['start', $this->i, microtime(true)]);
        // do something
        // sleep(1); // Swoole < 2.1
        Coroutine::sleep(1); // Swoole>=2.1 Coroutine will be automatically created for run().
        $this->i++;
        \Log::info(__METHOD__, ['end', $this->i, microtime(true)]);

        if ($this->i >= 10) { // Run 10 times only
            \Log::info(__METHOD__, ['stop', $this->i, microtime(true)]);
            $this->stop(); // Stop this cron job, but it will run again after restart/reload.
            // Deliver task in CronJob, but NOT support callback finish() of task.
            // Note: Modify task_ipc_mode to 1 or 2 in config/laravels.php, see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
            $ret = Task::deliver(new TestTask('task data'));
            var_dump($ret);
        }
        // The exceptions thrown here will be caught by the upper layer and recorded in the Swoole log. Developers need to try/catch manually.
    }
}

2.Register cron job.

// Register cron jobs in file "config/laravels.php"
[
    // ...
    'timer'          => [
        'enable' => true, // Enable Timer
        'jobs'   => [ // The list of cron job
            // Enable LaravelScheduleJob to run `php artisan schedule:run` every 1 minute, replace Linux Crontab
            // \Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelScheduleJob::class,
            // Two ways to configure parameters:
            // [\App\Jobs\Timer\TestCronJob::class, [1000, true]], // Pass in parameters when registering
            \App\Jobs\Timer\TestCronJob::class, // Override the corresponding method to return the configuration
        ],
        'max_wait_time' => 5, // Max waiting time of reloading
        // Enable the global lock to ensure that only one instance starts the timer when deploying multiple instances. This feature depends on Redis, please see https://laravel.com/docs/7.x/redis
        'global_lock'     => false,
        'global_lock_key' => config('app.name', 'Laravel'),
    ],
    // ...
];

3.Note: it will launch multiple timers when build the server cluster, so you need to make sure that launch one timer only to avoid running repetitive task.

4.LaravelS v3.4.0 starts to support the hot restart [Reload] Timer process. After LaravelS receives the SIGUSR1 signal, it waits for max_wait_time(default 5) seconds to end the process, then the Manager process will pull up the Timer process again.

5.If you only need to use minute-level scheduled tasks, it is recommended to enable Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\LaravelScheduleJob instead of Linux Crontab, so that you can follow the coding habits of Laravel task scheduling and configure Kernel.

// app/Console/Kernel.php
protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
    // runInBackground() will start a new child process to execute the task. This is asynchronous and will not affect the execution timing of other tasks.
    $schedule->command(TestCommand::class)->runInBackground()->everyMinute();
}

Automatically reload after modifying code

Via inotify, support Linux only.

1.Install inotify extension.

2.Turn on the switch in Settings.

3.Notice: Modify the file only in Linux to receive the file change events. It's recommended to use the latest Docker. Vagrant Solution.

Via fswatch, support OS X/Linux/Windows.

1.Install fswatch.

2.Run command in your project root directory.

# Watch current directory
./bin/fswatch
# Watch app directory
./bin/fswatch ./app

Via inotifywait, support Linux.

1.Install inotify-tools.

2.Run command in your project root directory.

# Watch current directory
./bin/inotify
# Watch app directory
./bin/inotify ./app

When the above methods does not work, the ultimate solution: set max_request=1,worker_num=1, so that Worker process will restart after processing a request. The performance of this method is very poor, so only development environment use.

Get the instance of SwooleServer in your project

/**
 * $swoole is the instance of `Swoole\WebSocket\Server` if enable WebSocket server, otherwise `Swoole\Http\Server`
 * @var \Swoole\WebSocket\Server|\Swoole\Http\Server $swoole
 */
$swoole = app('swoole');
var_dump($swoole->stats());
$swoole->push($fd, 'Push WebSocket message');

Use SwooleTable

1.Define Table, support multiple.

All defined tables will be created before Swoole starting.

// in file "config/laravels.php"
[
    // ...
    'swoole_tables'  => [
        // Scene：bind UserId & FD in WebSocket
        'ws' => [// The Key is table name, will add suffix "Table" to avoid naming conflicts. Here defined a table named "wsTable"
            'size'   => 102400,// The max size
            'column' => [// Define the columns
                ['name' => 'value', 'type' => \Swoole\Table::TYPE_INT, 'size' => 8],
            ],
        ],
        //...Define the other tables
    ],
    // ...
];

2.Access Table: all table instances will be bound on SwooleServer, access by app('swoole')->xxxTable.

namespace App\Services;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\WebSocketHandlerInterface;
use Swoole\Http\Request;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Frame;
use Swoole\WebSocket\Server;
class WebSocketService implements WebSocketHandlerInterface
{
    /**@var \Swoole\Table $wsTable */
    private $wsTable;
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->wsTable = app('swoole')->wsTable;
    }
    // Scene：bind UserId & FD in WebSocket
    public function onOpen(Server $server, Request $request)
    {
        // var_dump(app('swoole') === $server);// The same instance
        /**
         * Get the currently logged in user
         * This feature requires that the path to establish a WebSocket connection go through middleware such as Authenticate.
         * E.g:
         * Browser side: var ws = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:5200/ws");
         * Then the /ws route in Laravel needs to add the middleware like Authenticate.
         * Route::get('/ws', function () {
         *     // Respond any content with status code 200
         *     return 'websocket';
         * })->middleware(['auth']);
         */
        // $user = Auth::user();
        // $userId = $user ? $user->id : 0; // 0 means a guest user who is not logged in
        $userId = mt_rand(1000, 10000);
        // if (!$userId) {
        //     // Disconnect the connections of unlogged users
        //     $server->disconnect($request->fd);
        //     return;
        // }
        $this->wsTable->set('uid:' . $userId, ['value' => $request->fd]);// Bind map uid to fd
        $this->wsTable->set('fd:' . $request->fd, ['value' => $userId]);// Bind map fd to uid
        $server->push($request->fd, "Welcome to LaravelS #{$request->fd}");
    }
    public function onMessage(Server $server, Frame $frame)
    {
        // Broadcast
        foreach ($this->wsTable as $key => $row) {
            if (strpos($key, 'uid:') === 0 && $server->isEstablished($row['value'])) {
                $content = sprintf('Broadcast: new message "%s" from #%d', $frame->data, $frame->fd);
                $server->push($row['value'], $content);
            }
        }
    }
    public function onClose(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        $uid = $this->wsTable->get('fd:' . $fd);
        if ($uid !== false) {
            $this->wsTable->del('uid:' . $uid['value']); // Unbind uid map
        }
        $this->wsTable->del('fd:' . $fd);// Unbind fd map
        $server->push($fd, "Goodbye #{$fd}");
    }
}

Multi-port mixed protocol

For more information, please refer to Swoole Server AddListener

To make our main server support more protocols not just Http and WebSocket, we bring the feature multi-port mixed protocol of Swoole in LaravelS and name it Socket. Now, you can build TCP/UDP applications easily on top of Laravel.

Create Socket handler class, and extend Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Socket\{TcpSocket|UdpSocket|Http|WebSocket}.

namespace App\Sockets;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Socket\TcpSocket;
use Swoole\Server;
class TestTcpSocket extends TcpSocket
{
    public function onConnect(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        \Log::info('New TCP connection', [$fd]);
        $server->send($fd, 'Welcome to LaravelS.');
    }
    public function onReceive(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId, $data)
    {
        \Log::info('Received data', [$fd, $data]);
        $server->send($fd, 'LaravelS: ' . $data);
        if ($data === "quit\r\n") {
            $server->send($fd, 'LaravelS: bye' . PHP_EOL);
            $server->close($fd);
        }
    }
    public function onClose(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId)
    {
        \Log::info('Close TCP connection', [$fd]);
        $server->send($fd, 'Goodbye');
    }
}

These Socket connections share the same worker processes with your HTTP/WebSocket connections. So it won't be a problem at all if you want to deliver tasks, use SwooleTable, even Laravel components such as DB, Eloquent and so on. At the same time, you can access Swoole\Server\Port object directly by member property swoolePort.

public function onReceive(Server $server, $fd, $reactorId, $data)
{
    $port = $this->swoolePort; // Get the `Swoole\Server\Port` object
}

namespace App\Http\Controllers;
class TestController extends Controller
{
    public function test()
    {
        /**@var \Swoole\Http\Server|\Swoole\WebSocket\Server $swoole */
        $swoole = app('swoole');
        // $swoole->ports: Traverse all Port objects, https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/multiple-ports
        $port = $swoole->ports[0]; // Get the `Swoole\Server\Port` object, $port[0] is the port of the main server
        foreach ($port->connections as $fd) { // Traverse all connections
            // $swoole->send($fd, 'Send tcp message');
            // if($swoole->isEstablished($fd)) {
            //     $swoole->push($fd, 'Send websocket message');
            // }
        }
    }
}

Register Sockets.

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
//...
'sockets' => [
    [
        'host'     => '127.0.0.1',
        'port'     => 5291,
        'type'     => SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP,// Socket type: SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP/SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP6/SWOOLE_SOCK_UDP/SWOOLE_SOCK_UDP6/SWOOLE_UNIX_DGRAM/SWOOLE_UNIX_STREAM
        'settings' => [// Swoole settings：https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server-methods#swoole_server-addlistener
            'open_eof_check' => true,
            'package_eof'    => "\r\n",
        ],
        'handler'  => \App\Sockets\TestTcpSocket::class,
        'enable'   => true, // whether to enable, default true
    ],
],

About the heartbeat configuration, it can only be set on the main server and cannot be configured on Socket, but the Socket inherits the heartbeat configuration of the main server.

For TCP socket, onConnect and onClose events will be blocked when dispatch_mode of Swoole is 1/3, so if you want to unblock these two events please set dispatch_mode to 2/4/5.

'swoole' => [
    //...
    'dispatch_mode' => 2,
    //...
];

Test.

TCP: telnet 127.0.0.1 5291

UDP: [Linux] echo "Hello LaravelS" > /dev/udp/127.0.0.1/5292

Register example of other protocols.

• UDP
• Http
• WebSocket: The main server must turn on WebSocket, that is, set websocket.enable to true.

Coroutine

Swoole Coroutine

Warning: The order of code execution in the coroutine is out of order. The data of the request level should be isolated by the coroutine ID. However, there are many singleton and static attributes in Laravel/Lumen, the data between different requests will affect each other, it's Unsafe. For example, the database connection is a singleton, the same database connection shares the same PDO resource. This is fine in the synchronous blocking mode, but it does not work in the asynchronous coroutine mode. Each query needs to create different connections and maintain IO state of different connections, which requires a connection pool.

DO NOT enable the coroutine, only the custom process can use the coroutine.

Custom process

Support developers to create special work processes for monitoring, reporting, or other special tasks. Refer addProcess.

Create Proccess class, implements CustomProcessInterface.

namespace App\Processes;
use App\Tasks\TestTask;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Process\CustomProcessInterface;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Task\Task;
use Swoole\Coroutine;
use Swoole\Http\Server;
use Swoole\Process;
class TestProcess implements CustomProcessInterface
{
    /**
     * @var bool Quit tag for Reload updates
     */
    private static $quit = false;

    public static function callback(Server $swoole, Process $process)
    {
        // The callback method cannot exit. Once exited, Manager process will automatically create the process 
        while (!self::$quit) {
            \Log::info('Test process: running');
            // sleep(1); // Swoole < 2.1
            Coroutine::sleep(1); // Swoole>=2.1: Coroutine & Runtime will be automatically enabled for callback().
             // Deliver task in custom process, but NOT support callback finish() of task.
            // Note: Modify task_ipc_mode to 1 or 2 in config/laravels.php, see https://www.swoole.co.uk/docs/modules/swoole-server/configuration
            $ret = Task::deliver(new TestTask('task data'));
            var_dump($ret);
            // The upper layer will catch the exception thrown in the callback and record it in the Swoole log, and then this process will exit. The Manager process will re-create the process after 3 seconds, so developers need to try/catch to catch the exception by themselves to avoid frequent process creation.
            // throw new \Exception('an exception');
        }
    }
    // Requirements: LaravelS >= v3.4.0 & callback() must be async non-blocking program.
    public static function onReload(Server $swoole, Process $process)
    {
        // Stop the process...
        // Then end process
        \Log::info('Test process: reloading');
        self::$quit = true;
        // $process->exit(0); // Force exit process
    }
    // Requirements: LaravelS >= v3.7.4 & callback() must be async non-blocking program.
    public static function onStop(Server $swoole, Process $process)
    {
        // Stop the process...
        // Then end process
        \Log::info('Test process: stopping');
        self::$quit = true;
        // $process->exit(0); // Force exit process
    }
}

Register TestProcess.

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
// ...
'processes' => [
    'test' => [ // Key name is process name
        'class'    => \App\Processes\TestProcess::class,
        'redirect' => false, // Whether redirect stdin/stdout, true or false
        'pipe'     => 0,     // The type of pipeline, 0: no pipeline 1: SOCK_STREAM 2: SOCK_DGRAM
        'enable'   => true,  // Whether to enable, default true
        //'num'    => 3   // To create multiple processes of this class, default is 1
        //'queue'    => [ // Enable message queue as inter-process communication, configure empty array means use default parameters
        //    'msg_key'  => 0,    // The key of the message queue. Default: ftok(__FILE__, 1).
        //    'mode'     => 2,    // Communication mode, default is 2, which means contention mode
        //    'capacity' => 8192, // The length of a single message, is limited by the operating system kernel parameters. The default is 8192, and the maximum is 65536
        //],
        //'restart_interval' => 5, // After the process exits abnormally, how many seconds to wait before restarting the process, default 5 seconds
    ],
],

Note: The callback() cannot quit. If quit, the Manager process will re-create the process.

Example: Write data to a custom process.

// config/laravels.php
'processes' => [
    'test' => [
        'class'    => \App\Processes\TestProcess::class,
        'redirect' => false,
        'pipe'     => 1,
    ],
],

// app/Processes/TestProcess.php
public static function callback(Server $swoole, Process $process)
{
    while ($data = $process->read()) {
        \Log::info('TestProcess: read data', [$data]);
        $process->write('TestProcess: ' . $data);
    }
}

// app/Http/Controllers/TestController.php
public function testProcessWrite()
{
    /**@var \Swoole\Process $process */
    $process = app('swoole')->customProcesses['test'];
    $process->write('TestController: write data' . time());
    var_dump($process->read());
}

Common components

Apollo

LaravelS will pull the Apollo configuration and write it to the .env file when starting. At the same time, LaravelS will start the custom process apollo to monitor the configuration and automatically reload when the configuration changes.

Enable Apollo: add --enable-apollo and Apollo parameters to the startup parameters.

php bin/laravels start --enable-apollo --apollo-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080 --apollo-app-id=LARAVEL-S-TEST

Support hot updates(optional).

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
'processes' => Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Apollo\Process::getDefinition(),

// When there are other custom process configurations
'processes' => [
    'test' => [
        'class'    => \App\Processes\TestProcess::class,
        'redirect' => false,
        'pipe'     => 1,
    ],
    // ...
] + Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Apollo\Process::getDefinition(),

List of available parameters.

Parameter	Description	Default	Demo
apollo-server	Apollo server URL	-	--apollo-server=http://127.0.0.1:8080
apollo-app-id	Apollo APP ID	-	--apollo-app-id=LARAVEL-S-TEST
apollo-namespaces	The namespace to which the APP belongs, support specify the multiple	application	--apollo-namespaces=application --apollo-namespaces=env
apollo-cluster	The cluster to which the APP belongs	default	--apollo-cluster=default
apollo-client-ip	IP of current instance, can also be used for grayscale publishing	Local intranet IP	--apollo-client-ip=10.2.1.83
apollo-pull-timeout	Timeout time(seconds) when pulling configuration	5	--apollo-pull-timeout=5
apollo-backup-old-env	Whether to backup the old configuration file when updating the configuration file .env	false	--apollo-backup-old-env

Prometheus

Support Prometheus monitoring and alarm, Grafana visually view monitoring metrics. Please refer to Docker Compose for the environment construction of Prometheus and Grafana.

Require extension APCu >= 5.0.0, please install it by pecl install apcu.

Copy the configuration file prometheus.php to the config directory of your project. Modify the configuration as appropriate.

# Execute commands in the project root directory
cp vendor/hhxsv5/laravel-s/config/prometheus.php config/

If your project is Lumen, you also need to manually load the configuration $app->configure('prometheus'); in bootstrap/app.php.

Configure global middleware: Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\RequestMiddleware::class. In order to count the request time consumption as accurately as possible, RequestMiddleware must be the first global middleware, which needs to be placed in front of other middleware.

Register ServiceProvider: Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\ServiceProvider::class.

Configure the CollectorProcess in config/laravels.php to collect the metrics of Swoole Worker/Task/Timer processes regularly.

'processes' => Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\CollectorProcess::getDefinition(),

Create the route to output metrics.

use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Components\Prometheus\Exporter;

Route::get('/actuator/prometheus', function () {
    $result = app(Exporter::class)->render();
    return response($result, 200, ['Content-Type' => Exporter::REDNER_MIME_TYPE]);
});

Complete the configuration of Prometheus and start it.

global:
  scrape_interval: 5s
  scrape_timeout: 5s
  evaluation_interval: 30s
scrape_configs:
- job_name: laravel-s-test
  honor_timestamps: true
  metrics_path: /actuator/prometheus
  scheme: http
  follow_redirects: true
  static_configs:
  - targets:
    - 127.0.0.1:5200 # The ip and port of the monitored service
# Dynamically discovered using one of the supported service-discovery mechanisms
# https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#scrape_config
# - job_name: laravels-eureka
#   honor_timestamps: true
#   scrape_interval: 5s
#   metrics_path: /actuator/prometheus
#   scheme: http
#   follow_redirects: true
  # eureka_sd_configs:
  # - server: http://127.0.0.1:8080/eureka
  #   follow_redirects: true
  #   refresh_interval: 5s

Start Grafana, then import panel json.

Other features

Configure Swoole events

Supported events:

Event	Interface	When happened
ServerStart	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStartInterface	Occurs when the Master process is starting, this event should not handle complex business logic, and can only do some simple work of initialization.
ServerStop	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStopInterface	Occurs when the server exits normally, CANNOT use async or coroutine related APIs in this event.
WorkerStart	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerStartInterface	Occurs after the Worker/Task process is started, and the Laravel initialization has been completed.
WorkerStop	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerStopInterface	Occurs after the Worker/Task process exits normally
WorkerError	Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerErrorInterface	Occurs when an exception or fatal error occurs in the Worker/Task process

1.Create an event class to implement the corresponding interface.

namespace App\Events;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\ServerStartInterface;
use Swoole\Atomic;
use Swoole\Http\Server;
class ServerStartEvent implements ServerStartInterface
{
    public function __construct()
    {
    }
    public function handle(Server $server)
    {
        // Initialize a global counter (available across processes)
        $server->atomicCount = new Atomic(2233);

        // Invoked in controller: app('swoole')->atomicCount->get();
    }
}

namespace App\Events;
use Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Swoole\Events\WorkerStartInterface;
use Swoole\Http\Server;
class WorkerStartEvent implements WorkerStartInterface
{
    public function __construct()
    {
    }
    public function handle(Server $server, $workerId)
    {
        // Initialize a database connection pool
        // DatabaseConnectionPool::init();
    }
}

2.Configuration.

// Edit `config/laravels.php`
'event_handlers' => [
    'ServerStart' => [\App\Events\ServerStartEvent::class], // Trigger events in array order
    'WorkerStart' => [\App\Events\WorkerStartEvent::class],
],

Serverless

Alibaba Cloud Function Compute

Function Compute.

1.Modify bootstrap/app.php and set the storage directory. Because the project directory is read-only, the /tmp directory can only be read and written.

$app->useStoragePath(env('APP_STORAGE_PATH', '/tmp/storage'));

2.Create a shell script laravels_bootstrap and grant executable permission.

#!/usr/bin/env bash
set +e

# Create storage-related directories
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/app/public
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/cache
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/sessions
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/testing
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/framework/views
mkdir -p /tmp/storage/logs

# Set the environment variable APP_STORAGE_PATH, please make sure it's the same as APP_STORAGE_PATH in .env
export APP_STORAGE_PATH=/tmp/storage

# Start LaravelS
php bin/laravels start

3.Configure template.xml.

ROSTemplateFormatVersion: '2015-09-01'
Transform: 'Aliyun::Serverless-2018-04-03'
Resources:
  laravel-s-demo:
    Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Service'
    Properties:
      Description: 'LaravelS Demo for Serverless'
    fc-laravel-s:
      Type: 'Aliyun::Serverless::Function'
      Properties:
        Handler: laravels.handler
        Runtime: custom
        MemorySize: 512
        Timeout: 30
        CodeUri: ./
        InstanceConcurrency: 10
        EnvironmentVariables:
          BOOTSTRAP_FILE: laravels_bootstrap

Important notices

Singleton Issue

Under FPM mode, singleton instances will be instantiated and recycled in every request, request start=>instantiate instance=>request end=>recycled instance.

Under Swoole Server, All singleton instances will be held in memory, different lifetime from FPM, request start=>instantiate instance=>request end=>do not recycle singleton instance. So need developer to maintain status of singleton instances in every request.

Common solutions:

Write a XxxCleaner class to clean up the singleton object state. This class implements the interface Hhxsv5\LaravelS\Illuminate\Cleaners\CleanerInterface and then registers it in cleaners of laravels.php.

Reset status of singleton instances by Middleware.

Re-register ServiceProvider, add XxxServiceProvider into register_providers of file laravels.php. So that reinitialize singleton instances in every request Refer.

Cleaners

Configuration cleaners.

Known issues

Known issues: a package of known issues and solutions.

Debugging method

Logging; if you want to output to the console, you can use stderr, Log::channel('stderr')->debug('debug message').

Laravel Dump Server(Laravel 5.7 has been integrated by default).

Read request

Read request by Illuminate\Http\Request Object, $_ENV is readable, $_SERVER is partially readable, CANNOT USE $_GET/$_POST/$_FILES/$_COOKIE/$_REQUEST/$_SESSION/$GLOBALS.

public function form(\Illuminate\Http\Request $request)
{
    $name = $request->input('name');
    $all = $request->all();
    $sessionId = $request->cookie('sessionId');
    $photo = $request->file('photo');
    // Call getContent() to get the raw POST body, instead of file_get_contents('php://input')
    $rawContent = $request->getContent();
    //...
}

Output response

Respond by Illuminate\Http\Response Object, compatible with echo/vardump()/print_r()，CANNOT USE functions dd()/exit()/die()/header()/setcookie()/http_response_code().

public function json()
{
    return response()->json(['time' => time()])->header('header1', 'value1')->withCookie('c1', 'v1');
}

Persistent connection

Singleton connection will be resident in memory, it is recommended to turn on persistent connection for better performance.

1. Database connection, it will reconnect automatically immediately after disconnect.

// config/database.php
'connections' => [
    'my_conn' => [
        'driver'    => 'mysql',
        'host'      => env('DB_MY_CONN_HOST', 'localhost'),
        'port'      => env('DB_MY_CONN_PORT', 3306),
        'database'  => env('DB_MY_CONN_DATABASE', 'forge'),
        'username'  => env('DB_MY_CONN_USERNAME', 'forge'),
        'password'  => env('DB_MY_CONN_PASSWORD', ''),
        'charset'   => 'utf8mb4',
        'collation' => 'utf8mb4_unicode_ci',
        'prefix'    => '',
        'strict'    => false,
        'options'   => [
            // Enable persistent connection
            \PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => true,
        ],
    ],
],

1. Redis connection, it won't reconnect automatically immediately after disconnect, and will throw an exception about lost connection, reconnect next time. You need to make sure that SELECT DB correctly before operating Redis every time.

// config/database.php
'redis' => [
    'client' => env('REDIS_CLIENT', 'phpredis'), // It is recommended to use phpredis for better performance.
    'default' => [
        'host'       => env('REDIS_HOST', 'localhost'),
        'password'   => env('REDIS_PASSWORD', null),
        'port'       => env('REDIS_PORT', 6379),
        'database'   => 0,
        'persistent' => true, // Enable persistent connection
    ],
],

About memory leaks

Avoid using global variables. If necessary, please clean or reset them manually.

Infinitely appending element into static/global variable will lead to OOM(Out of Memory).

class Test
{
    public static $array = [];
    public static $string = '';
}

// Controller
public function test(Request $req)
{
    // Out of Memory
    Test::$array[] = $req->input('param1');
    Test::$string .= $req->input('param2');
}

Memory leak detection method

Modify config/laravels.php: worker_num=1, max_request=1000000, remember to change it back after test;

Add routing /debug-memory-leak without route middleware to observe the memory changes of the Worker process;

Start LaravelS and request /debug-memory-leak until diff_mem is less than or equal to zero; if diff_mem is always greater than zero, it means that there may be a memory leak in Global Middleware or Laravel Framework;

After completing Step 3, alternately request the business routes and /debug-memory-leak (It is recommended to use ab/wrk to make a large number of requests for business routes), the initial increase in memory is normal. After a large number of requests for the business routes, if diff_mem is always greater than zero and curr_mem continues to increase, there is a high probability of memory leak; If curr_mem always changes within a certain range and does not continue to increase, there is a low probability of memory leak.

If you still can't solve it, max_request is the last guarantee.

Linux kernel parameter adjustment

Linux kernel parameter adjustment

Pressure test

Pressure test

Alternatives

• swooletw/laravel-swoole

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Author: hhxsv5
Source Code: https://github.com/hhxsv5/laravel-s 
License: MIT License

#php #laravel #http