Flannel: A Network Fabric for Containers, Designed For Kubernetes

flannel

Flannel is a simple and easy way to configure a layer 3 network fabric designed for Kubernetes.

How it works

Flannel runs a small, single binary agent called flanneld on each host, and is responsible for allocating a subnet lease to each host out of a larger, preconfigured address space. Flannel uses either the Kubernetes API or etcd directly to store the network configuration, the allocated subnets, and any auxiliary data (such as the host's public IP). Packets are forwarded using one of several backend mechanisms including VXLAN and various cloud integrations.

Networking details

Platforms like Kubernetes assume that each container (pod) has a unique, routable IP inside the cluster. The advantage of this model is that it removes the port mapping complexities that come from sharing a single host IP.

Flannel is responsible for providing a layer 3 IPv4 network between multiple nodes in a cluster. Flannel does not control how containers are networked to the host, only how the traffic is transported between hosts. However, flannel does provide a CNI plugin for Kubernetes and a guidance on integrating with Docker.

Flannel is focused on networking. For network policy, other projects such as Calico can be used.

Getting started on Kubernetes

The easiest way to deploy flannel with Kubernetes is to use one of several deployment tools and distributions that network clusters with flannel by default. For example, CoreOS's Tectonic sets up flannel in the Kubernetes clusters it creates using the open source Tectonic Installer to drive the setup process.

Though not required, it's recommended that flannel uses the Kubernetes API as its backing store which avoids the need to deploy a discrete etcd cluster for flannel. This flannel mode is known as the kube subnet manager.

Deploying flannel manually

Flannel can be added to any existing Kubernetes cluster though it's simplest to add flannel before any pods using the pod network have been started.

For Kubernetes v1.17+

1. Make sure a flanneld binary exists at /opt/bin/flanneld on each node
2. kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

If you use custom podCIDR (not 10.244.0.0/16) you first need to download the above manifest and modify the network to match your one.

See Kubernetes for more details.

Getting started on Docker

flannel is also widely used outside of kubernetes. When deployed outside of kubernetes, etcd is always used as the datastore. For more details integrating flannel with Docker see Running

.appveyor.yml

clone_folder: c:\gopath\src\github.com\coreos\flannel

environment:
  GOPATH: c:\gopath

install:
  - echo %PATH%
  - echo %GOPATH%
  - set PATH=%GOPATH%\bin;c:\go\bin;%PATH%
  - go version
  - go env


build: off

test_script:
  - ps: |
      go test -v ./...
      if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
        throw "test failed"
      }

.dockerignore

dist/*.aci
dist/*.docker
dist/*.tar.gz
.git
vendor

.gitignore

dist/*.tar.gz
dist/flanneld*
dist/*.docker
dist/here.txt
cover.out
.editorconfig
.idea/
default.etcd/
flannel.exe
bash_unit
dist/qemu-*
.vscode/*

Documentation

• Building (and releasing)
• Configuration
• Backends
• Running
• Troubleshooting
• Projects integrating with flannel
• Production users

Contact

• Slack: #flannel-users on Calico Users Slack
• Planning/Roadmap: milestones, roadmap
• Bugs: issues

Community Meeting

The Flannel Maintainer Community runs a meeting on every other Thursday at 8:30 AM PST. This meeting is used to discuss issues, open pull requests, and other topics related to Flannel should the need arise.

The meeting agenda and Teams link can be found here: Flannel Community Meeting Agenda

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING for details on submitting patches and the contribution workflow.

Reporting bugs

See reporting bugs for details about reporting any issues.

---

Download Details:

Author: flannel-io
Source code: https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel
License: Apache-2.0 license
#docker #go #golang #Kubernetes

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

50+ Useful Kubernetes Tools for 2020 - Part 2

Introduction

Last year, we provided a list of Kubernetes tools that proved so popular we have decided to curate another list of some useful additions for working with the platform—among which are many tools that we personally use here at Caylent. Check out the original tools list here in case you missed it.

According to a recent survey done by Stackrox, the dominance Kubernetes enjoys in the market continues to be reinforced, with 86% of respondents using it for container orchestration.

(State of Kubernetes and Container Security, 2020)

And as you can see below, more and more companies are jumping into containerization for their apps. If you’re among them, here are some tools to aid you going forward as Kubernetes continues its rapid growth.

(State of Kubernetes and Container Security, 2020)

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Flannel: A Network Fabric for Containers, Designed For Kubernetes

flannel

Flannel is a simple and easy way to configure a layer 3 network fabric designed for Kubernetes.

How it works

Flannel runs a small, single binary agent called flanneld on each host, and is responsible for allocating a subnet lease to each host out of a larger, preconfigured address space. Flannel uses either the Kubernetes API or etcd directly to store the network configuration, the allocated subnets, and any auxiliary data (such as the host's public IP). Packets are forwarded using one of several backend mechanisms including VXLAN and various cloud integrations.

Networking details

Platforms like Kubernetes assume that each container (pod) has a unique, routable IP inside the cluster. The advantage of this model is that it removes the port mapping complexities that come from sharing a single host IP.

Flannel is responsible for providing a layer 3 IPv4 network between multiple nodes in a cluster. Flannel does not control how containers are networked to the host, only how the traffic is transported between hosts. However, flannel does provide a CNI plugin for Kubernetes and a guidance on integrating with Docker.

Flannel is focused on networking. For network policy, other projects such as Calico can be used.

Getting started on Kubernetes

The easiest way to deploy flannel with Kubernetes is to use one of several deployment tools and distributions that network clusters with flannel by default. For example, CoreOS's Tectonic sets up flannel in the Kubernetes clusters it creates using the open source Tectonic Installer to drive the setup process.

Though not required, it's recommended that flannel uses the Kubernetes API as its backing store which avoids the need to deploy a discrete etcd cluster for flannel. This flannel mode is known as the kube subnet manager.

Deploying flannel manually

Flannel can be added to any existing Kubernetes cluster though it's simplest to add flannel before any pods using the pod network have been started.

For Kubernetes v1.17+

1. Make sure a flanneld binary exists at /opt/bin/flanneld on each node
2. kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/flannel-io/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

If you use custom podCIDR (not 10.244.0.0/16) you first need to download the above manifest and modify the network to match your one.

See Kubernetes for more details.

Getting started on Docker

flannel is also widely used outside of kubernetes. When deployed outside of kubernetes, etcd is always used as the datastore. For more details integrating flannel with Docker see Running

.appveyor.yml

clone_folder: c:\gopath\src\github.com\coreos\flannel

environment:
  GOPATH: c:\gopath

install:
  - echo %PATH%
  - echo %GOPATH%
  - set PATH=%GOPATH%\bin;c:\go\bin;%PATH%
  - go version
  - go env


build: off

test_script:
  - ps: |
      go test -v ./...
      if ($LastExitCode -ne 0) {
        throw "test failed"
      }

.dockerignore

dist/*.aci
dist/*.docker
dist/*.tar.gz
.git
vendor

.gitignore

dist/*.tar.gz
dist/flanneld*
dist/*.docker
dist/here.txt
cover.out
.editorconfig
.idea/
default.etcd/
flannel.exe
bash_unit
dist/qemu-*
.vscode/*

Documentation

• Building (and releasing)
• Configuration
• Backends
• Running
• Troubleshooting
• Projects integrating with flannel
• Production users

Contact

• Slack: #flannel-users on Calico Users Slack
• Planning/Roadmap: milestones, roadmap
• Bugs: issues

Community Meeting

The Flannel Maintainer Community runs a meeting on every other Thursday at 8:30 AM PST. This meeting is used to discuss issues, open pull requests, and other topics related to Flannel should the need arise.

The meeting agenda and Teams link can be found here: Flannel Community Meeting Agenda

Contributing

See CONTRIBUTING for details on submitting patches and the contribution workflow.

Reporting bugs

See reporting bugs for details about reporting any issues.

---

Download Details:

Author: flannel-io
Source code: https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel
License: Apache-2.0 license
#docker #go #golang #Kubernetes

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Kubernetes in the Cloud: Strategies for Effective Multi Cloud Implementations

Kubernetes is a highly popular container orchestration platform. Multi cloud is a strategy that leverages cloud resources from multiple vendors. Multi cloud strategies have become popular because they help prevent vendor lock-in and enable you to leverage a wide variety of cloud resources. However, multi cloud ecosystems are notoriously difficult to configure and maintain.

This article explains how you can leverage Kubernetes to reduce multi cloud complexities and improve stability, scalability, and velocity.

Kubernetes: Your Multi Cloud Strategy

Maintaining standardized application deployments becomes more challenging as your number of applications and the technologies they are based on increase. As environments, operating systems, and dependencies differ, management and operations require more effort and extensive documentation.

In the past, teams tried to get around these difficulties by creating isolated projects in the data center. Each project, including its configurations and requirements were managed independently. This required accurately predicting performance and the number of users before deployment and taking down applications to update operating systems or applications. There were many chances for error.

Kubernetes can provide an alternative to the old method, enabling teams to deploy applications independent of the environment in containers. This eliminates the need to create resource partitions and enables teams to operate infrastructure as a unified whole.

In particular, Kubernetes makes it easier to deploy a multi cloud strategy since it enables you to abstract away service differences. With Kubernetes deployments you can work from a consistent platform and optimize services and applications according to your business needs.

The Compelling Attributes of Multi Cloud Kubernetes

Multi cloud Kubernetes can provide multiple benefits beyond a single cloud deployment. Below are some of the most notable advantages.

Stability

In addition to the built-in scalability, fault tolerance, and auto-healing features of Kubernetes, multi cloud deployments can provide service redundancy. For example, you can mirror applications or split microservices across vendors. This reduces the risk of a vendor-related outage and enables you to create failovers.

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Read Blog Here: https://www.indianappdevelopers.com/blog/designing-mobile-apps-using-latest-ui-design-principles/

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