Understanding IoT Standards and Protocols | Powering Internet of Things

Introduction

A plethora of devices connected and sharing information is called the internet of things. These devices collect, send and receive data to applications, objects, and servers. They are used in various industries like automotive, industrial automation, medicine, security systems, and manufacturing.

There are various protocols and standards to connect. To decide a protocol, we need to consider the following aspects:

• bandwidth
• range
• power consumptions
• node of the protocols.

This article is aimed at understanding IoT standards and protocols offered by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

The following will give the protocol structure much better:

• IoT Data Link Protocol
• IEEE 802.15.4e
• IEEE 802.11 ah
• WirelessHART
• Z-Wave
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• Zigbee Smart Energy
• DASH7
• HomePlug
• G.9959
• LTE-A
• LoRaWAN
• Weightless
• DECT/ULE
• Network Layer
• Routing Protocols
• RPL
• CORPL
• CARP
• Encapsulation Protocols
• LoWPAN
• 6TiSCH
• 6Lo
• IPv6 over G.9959
• IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy
• Session Layer Protocols
• MQTT
• SMQTT
• AMQP
• CoAP
• XMPP
• DDS
• IoT Management Protocol
• Interconnection of Heterogeneous Datalink
• Smart Transducer Interface
• Security in IoT Protocols
• MAC 802.15.4
• 6LoWPAN
• RPL
• Application Layer

Background of IoT Protocol

In 1982, the first machine which can communicate, and track record was created. It was a soft drink vending machine from Coca-Cola. In 1999, an RFID technology researcher, Kelvin Ashton coined the term internet of things. In two decades from 2000-2019, the system had undergone rapid development and found many practical applications.

Since then, it has evolved as a different internet world, it requires a new range of standards and protocols. Although new standards are available some applications still use technology like HTTP.

Necessity of IoT Protocols

The following points will emphasize the necessity of these communication protocols and how they help us in overcoming issues:

• Can be used to call for help in case of emergency or failure of another device which is connected.
• Assist in notifying the user about the emergency.
• Economically profitable, as the end-user data can be used to analyse trends and market.
• Minimizes risks of security threats.
• Unification of all the IoT communications available worldwide.
• Heterogeneity within the connected systems.

Types of IoT Connections

The connections of the devices in IoT platform can be of following types:

• Device to Device (D2D)
• Device to Gateway
• Gateway to Data systems
• Between data systems

Let’s discuss in brief about each connection type of IoT.

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Understanding IoT Standards and Protocols | Powering Internet of Things

Introduction

A plethora of devices connected and sharing information is called the internet of things. These devices collect, send and receive data to applications, objects, and servers. They are used in various industries like automotive, industrial automation, medicine, security systems, and manufacturing.

There are various protocols and standards to connect. To decide a protocol, we need to consider the following aspects:

• bandwidth
• range
• power consumptions
• node of the protocols.

This article is aimed at understanding IoT standards and protocols offered by Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

The following will give the protocol structure much better:

• IoT Data Link Protocol
• IEEE 802.15.4e
• IEEE 802.11 ah
• WirelessHART
• Z-Wave
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• Zigbee Smart Energy
• DASH7
• HomePlug
• G.9959
• LTE-A
• LoRaWAN
• Weightless
• DECT/ULE
• Network Layer
• Routing Protocols
• RPL
• CORPL
• CARP
• Encapsulation Protocols
• LoWPAN
• 6TiSCH
• 6Lo
• IPv6 over G.9959
• IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy
• Session Layer Protocols
• MQTT
• SMQTT
• AMQP
• CoAP
• XMPP
• DDS
• IoT Management Protocol
• Interconnection of Heterogeneous Datalink
• Smart Transducer Interface
• Security in IoT Protocols
• MAC 802.15.4
• 6LoWPAN
• RPL
• Application Layer

Background of IoT Protocol

In 1982, the first machine which can communicate, and track record was created. It was a soft drink vending machine from Coca-Cola. In 1999, an RFID technology researcher, Kelvin Ashton coined the term internet of things. In two decades from 2000-2019, the system had undergone rapid development and found many practical applications.

Since then, it has evolved as a different internet world, it requires a new range of standards and protocols. Although new standards are available some applications still use technology like HTTP.

Necessity of IoT Protocols

The following points will emphasize the necessity of these communication protocols and how they help us in overcoming issues:

• Can be used to call for help in case of emergency or failure of another device which is connected.
• Assist in notifying the user about the emergency.
• Economically profitable, as the end-user data can be used to analyse trends and market.
• Minimizes risks of security threats.
• Unification of all the IoT communications available worldwide.
• Heterogeneity within the connected systems.

Types of IoT Connections

The connections of the devices in IoT platform can be of following types:

• Device to Device (D2D)
• Device to Gateway
• Gateway to Data systems
• Between data systems

Let’s discuss in brief about each connection type of IoT.

#all #internet of things (iot) #iot development #iot standards #iot protocols #iot

Best Custom Web & Mobile App Development Company

Everything around us has become smart, like smart infrastructures, smart cities, autonomous vehicles, to name a few. The innovation of smart devices makes it possible to achieve these heights in science and technology. But, data is vulnerable, there is a risk of attack by cybercriminals. To get started, let’s know about IoT devices.

What are IoT devices?

The Internet Of Things(IoT) is a system that interrelates computer devices like sensors, software, and actuators, digital machines, etc. They are linked together with particular objects that work through the internet and transfer data over devices without humans interference.

Famous examples are Amazon Alexa, Apple SIRI, Interconnected baby monitors, video doorbells, and smart thermostats.

How could your IoT devices be vulnerable?

When technologies grow and evolve, risks are also on the high stakes. Ransomware attacks are on the continuous increase; securing data has become the top priority.

When you think your smart home won’t fudge a thing against cybercriminals, you should also know that they are vulnerable. When cybercriminals access our smart voice speakers like Amazon Alexa or Apple Siri, it becomes easy for them to steal your data.

Cybersecurity report 2020 says popular hacking forums expose 770 million email addresses and 21 million unique passwords, 620 million accounts have been compromised from 16 hacked websites.

The attacks are likely to increase every year. To help you secure your data of IoT devices, here are some best tips you can implement.

Tips to secure your IoT devices

1. Change Default Router Name

Your router has the default name of make and model. When we stick with the manufacturer name, attackers can quickly identify our make and model. So give the router name different from your addresses, without giving away personal information.

2. Know your connected network and connected devices

If your devices are connected to the internet, these connections are vulnerable to cyber attacks when your devices don’t have the proper security. Almost every web interface is equipped with multiple devices, so it’s hard to track the device. But, it’s crucial to stay aware of them.

3. Change default usernames and passwords

When we use the default usernames and passwords, it is attackable. Because the cybercriminals possibly know the default passwords come with IoT devices. So use strong passwords to access our IoT devices.

4. Manage strong, Unique passwords for your IoT devices and accounts

Use strong or unique passwords that are easily assumed, such as ‘123456’ or ‘password1234’ to protect your accounts. Give strong and complex passwords formed by combinations of alphabets, numeric, and not easily bypassed symbols.

Also, change passwords for multiple accounts and change them regularly to avoid attacks. We can also set several attempts to wrong passwords to set locking the account to safeguard from the hackers.

5. Do not use Public WI-FI Networks

Are you try to keep an eye on your IoT devices through your mobile devices in different locations. I recommend you not to use the public WI-FI network to access them. Because they are easily accessible through for everyone, you are still in a hurry to access, use VPN that gives them protection against cyber-attacks, giving them privacy and security features, for example, using Express VPN.

6. Establish firewalls to discover the vulnerabilities

There are software and firewalls like intrusion detection system/intrusion prevention system in the market. This will be useful to screen and analyze the wire traffic of a network. You can identify the security weakness by the firewall scanners within the network structure. Use these firewalls to get rid of unwanted security issues and vulnerabilities.

7. Reconfigure your device settings

Every smart device comes with the insecure default settings, and sometimes we are not able to change these default settings configurations. These conditions need to be assessed and need to reconfigure the default settings.

8. Authenticate the IoT applications

Nowadays, every smart app offers authentication to secure the accounts. There are many types of authentication methods like single-factor authentication, two-step authentication, and multi-factor authentication. Use any one of these to send a one time password (OTP) to verify the user who logs in the smart device to keep our accounts from falling into the wrong hands.

9. Update the device software up to date

Every smart device manufacturer releases updates to fix bugs in their software. These security patches help us to improve our protection of the device. Also, update the software on the smartphone, which we are used to monitoring the IoT devices to avoid vulnerabilities.

10. Track the smartphones and keep them safe

When we connect the smart home to the smartphone and control them via smartphone, you need to keep them safe. If you miss the phone almost, every personal information is at risk to the cybercriminals. But sometimes it happens by accident, makes sure that you can clear all the data remotely.

However, securing smart devices is essential in the world of data. There are still cybercriminals bypassing the securities. So make sure to do the safety measures to avoid our accounts falling out into the wrong hands. I hope these steps will help you all to secure your IoT devices.

If you have any, feel free to share them in the comments! I’d love to know them.

Are you looking for more? Subscribe to weekly newsletters that can help your stay updated IoT application developments.

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How manufacturing and Lighting Solution companies are benefitting from IoT

Lights today have become more than simple means of lighting up the dark. During their evolution from a simple filament bulb to today’s connected LEDs, lights have become more efficient and intelligent.

Digitalization makes new services possible

Products and services in the field of lighting and building-services technology are taking the form of subscription models. The ongoing process of digitalization is driving the trend. Known as ‘X as a Service’ (XaaS), ‘Light as a Service’ (LaaS), ‘Security as a Service,’ and ‘Safety as a Service,’ this trend offers benefits for both providers and customers. Digitalization is not only driving this development but also giving rise to new business models offered by IoT service providers.

In the future, lighting will be part of the internet of things (IoT) and services. Modern technology based on IoT Applications makes it possible to adapt the light to the needs of individual users. Lighting-system operation can be optimized if employed in combination with sun-protection systems, air-conditioning technology, and user-behavior models.

Given that service providers receive data from many different locations, they can develop algorithms that benefit all customers by helping to control the lighting situation more effectively and thus save energy.

Customers via service agreements can obtain the best lighting for their premises without having to bear high investment costs. They not only profit from the reduced effort required but always have the latest IoT Technology and enjoy accounting benefits.

What Is Smart Lighting?

Simply speaking, smart lighting is a combination of 6 components.

1. LED Luminaries
2. Sensors
3. Drivers to control lighting operations such as DALI
4. Data connectivity modules such as Wi-Fi or 4G/LTE
5. Platform to collect data, moderate data and onboard sensors enabled devices
6. User facing application

A complete smart lighting system using IoT Platform can intelligently automate and control lighting operations making working environments safer, productive, and efficient.

What Can Smart Lighting do?

Technology without a relevant business use case is not of much use. Availability of a variety of Sensors, Advanced analytics techniques like Edge Computing, and scalable IoT Cloud services are fuelling the rise of unique use cases for smart lighting. IoT devices no longer limit industrial use cases for smart lighting solutions.

Smart lighting can enable the following use cases:

1. Predictive maintenance of your lighting operations with IoT services
2. Create custom schedules for lighting operations to save energy and reduce bills
3. On-demand lighting based on motion sensor and proximity sensor
4. HVAC cleaning and maintenance alerts based on temperature and dust particle measurements
5. Smart lighting pole for measuring the presence of atmospheric gases. Digital boards for weather updates, integrated camera feed for security, and calling points for emergencies.

Why Facility Managers Should Upgrade to IoT Enabled Digital Service Solutions

For many years, efficiency and cost savings in maintenance operations have been the guiding lights for Facility Managers round the globe. But they are not enough. Facility Managers are now looking out for IoT solutions that can help them identify areas of improvement and give them operational insights with baseline data. Digitizing critical maintenance processes with the help of IoT solutions is the right step forward.

Lighting operations alone contribute a significant portion of maintenance expenses. But not many facility managers have visibility in area wise or device/machine wise electricity consumption. This is where IoT enabled solutions can help.

Three crucial IoT solutions can help Facility Managers not only create digital services operations but also reduce cost and gain efficiency, which enables higher productivity for the organization.

1. IoT enabled Smart Lighting solution — Smart lighting solutions allow Facility Managers to switch to IoT lighting, which can control with defined rules without any manual intervention. Facility Managers also stand to gain from detailed reports on area wise electricity consumption, which gives them real insights that were not available before. Advanced features such as Faulty Light Identification, predicting light failure, can help Facility Managers plan their lighting maintenance operations, thus reducing time on production floors.
2. IoT enabled smart, metering solutions. Smart metering solutions, when installed at each consumption point, can give Facility Managers real-time insights into important parameters such as quality of current supply, real-time voltage levels, power consumption, etc. When these parameters are associated with machine operational parameters can give real-time correlation between previously unknown factors. Automated operations such as isolators or MCB trips can save precious equipment from getting damaged. Detailed graphs and reports provide real insights into daily activities, allowing them to take necessary actions before things go wrong.
3. IoT enabled smart air monitoring solution – Modern HVAC systems are the lifeline of today’s buildings. However, these systems are under constant pressure and need constant maintenance in the form of leak checks, duct cleanliness, and the ability to maintain the right temperature and humidity levels. IoT enabled ambient atmosphere monitoring systems can help Facility Managers get real-time visibility into their HVAC operations and their cleanliness status. High dust particles reading than normal can indicate a need to clean the ducts. Abnormal temperature or humidity levels can indicate window glazing going bad or condensation forming in unexpected places.

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Find the best IoT Developers near you

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents the network of physical objects installed with sensors, software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other systems and devices over the network.

IoT has changed the way computers think; it has made computers understand in an innovative and better way. As a result, many business owners are developing IoT-based apps for their businesses to grow and expand.

Do you also want to develop an IoT app for the business? You can hire an IoT developer from Nevina Infotech to develop your app. We are the leading app development company with a team of dedicated developers on whom you can rely.

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What are Pros and Cons of Internet of Things? - Xebi

IoT or the Internet of Things is a trending topic today and can be heard on the lips of every techie. It is a common thing that many individuals are using it and their entire day-to-day life is dependent on it. Pros and Cons of the Internet of Things

Zillions of devices are interconnected in the IoT ecosystem, and surprisingly we as human beings never realized that these devices virtually surround us in inter-human or machine-to-machine interaction.

But, yes they never realize that this is what we call an IoT.

The ubiquity of wireless networks has possibly turned on everything. Be it a child’s toy or a driverless truck; all this is an example of IoT that has merged the digital and physical universe.

Statista reports that the installed base of active IoT connected devices is forecast to reach 21.5 billion units by the year 2025. Apart from all the path-breaking discoveries, IoT with its own set of pros and cons.

Here, we will see how IoT is luring the end-users with its captivating benefits and features, and at the same time, it is emerging as a dark side too.

Read the full blog here: Pros and cons of IoT

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