Why NumPy Is So Fundamental

NumPy. This library has become fundamental, it is hard to imagine a world without it, or before its birth. NumPy has been around since 2005, and if you ever worked with data in Python, you must have used it, one way or the other.

The library recently received the proper recognition it deserves. A paper¹ was published by a group of researchers, many active in maintaining and developing NumPy, in the renown scientific publication Nature. Within this paper, the authors review NumPy’s history, its main key features, its importance in today’s scientific community and discuss its future.

What Makes NumPy So Good?

NumPy has a syntax which is simultaneously compact, powerful and expressive. It allows users to manage data in vectors, matrices and higher dimensional arrays. Within those data structures, it allows users to:

• Access,
• Manipulate,
• Compute

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NumPy Features - Why we should use Numpy?

Welcome to DataFlair!!! In this tutorial, we will learn Numpy Features and its importance.

NumPy is a library for the Python programming language, adding support for large, multi-dimensional arrays and matrices, along with a large collection of high-level mathematical functions to operate on these arrays

NumPy (Numerical Python) is an open-source core Python library for scientific computations. It is a general-purpose array and matrices processing package. Python is slower as compared to Fortran and other languages to perform looping. To overcome this we use NumPy that converts monotonous code into the compiled form.

NumPy Features

These are the important features of NumPy:

1. High-performance N-dimensional array object

This is the most important feature of the NumPy library. It is the homogeneous array object. We perform all the operations on the array elements. The arrays in NumPy can be one dimensional or multidimensional.

a. One dimensional array

The one-dimensional array is an array consisting of a single row or column. The elements of the array are of homogeneous nature.

b. Multidimensional array

In this case, we have various rows and columns. We consider each column as a dimension. The structure is similar to an excel sheet. The elements are homogenous.

2. It contains tools for integrating code from C/C++ and Fortran

We can use the functions in NumPy to work with code written in other languages. We can hence integrate the functionalities available in various programming languages. This helps implement inter-platform functions.

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NumPy Applications - Uses of Numpy

In this Numpy tutorial, we will learn Numpy applications.

NumPy is a basic level external library in Python used for complex mathematical operations. NumPy overcomes slower executions with the use of multi-dimensional array objects. It has built-in functions for manipulating arrays. We can convert different algorithms to can into functions for applying on arrays.NumPy has applications that are not only limited to itself. It is a very diverse library and has a wide range of applications in other sectors. Numpy can be put to use along with Data Science, Data Analysis and Machine Learning. It is also a base for other python libraries. These libraries use the functionalities in NumPy to increase their capabilities.

Numpy Applications

1. An alternative for lists and arrays in Python

Arrays in Numpy are equivalent to lists in python. Like lists in python, the Numpy arrays are homogenous sets of elements. The most important feature of NumPy arrays is they are homogenous in nature. This differentiates them from python arrays. It maintains uniformity for mathematical operations that would not be possible with heterogeneous elements. Another benefit of using NumPy arrays is there are a large number of functions that are applicable to these arrays. These functions could not be performed when applied to python arrays due to their heterogeneous nature.

2. NumPy maintains minimal memory

Arrays in NumPy are objects. Python deletes and creates these objects continually, as per the requirements. Hence, the memory allocation is less as compared to Python lists. NumPy has features to avoid memory wastage in the data buffer. It consists of functions like copies, view, and indexing that helps in saving a lot of memory. Indexing helps to return the view of the original array, that implements reuse of the data. It also specifies the data type of the elements which leads to code optimization.

3. Using NumPy for multi-dimensional arrays

We can also create multi-dimensional arrays in NumPy.These arrays have multiple rows and columns. These arrays have more than one column that makes these multi-dimensional. Multi-dimensional array implements the creation of matrices. These matrices are easy to work with. With the use of matrices the code also becomes memory efficient. We have a matrix module to perform various operations on these matrices.

4. Mathematical operations with NumPy

Working with NumPy also includes easy to use functions for mathematical computations on the array data set. We have many modules for performing basic and special mathematical functions in NumPy. There are functions for Linear Algebra, bitwise operations, Fourier transform, arithmetic operations, string operations, etc.

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Linear Algebra for Data Scientists with NumPy - Analytics India Magazine

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NumPy is an essential Python library to perform mathematical and scientific computations. NumPy offers Python’s array-like data structures with exclusive operations and methods. Many data science libraries and frameworks, including Pandas, Scikit-Learn, Statsmodels, Matplotlib and SciPy, are built on top of NumPy with Numpy arrays in their building blocks. Some frameworks, including TensorFlow and PyTorch, introduce NumPy arrays or NumPy-alike arrays as their fundamental data structure in the name of tensors.

How NumPy becomes the base of Data Science computing system (source)

Data Science relies heavily on Linear Algebra. NumPy is famous for its Linear Algebra operations. This article discusses methods available in the NumPy library to perform various Linear Algebra operations with examples. These examples assume that the readers have a basic understanding of NumPy arrays. Check out the following articles to have a better understanding of NumPy fundamentals:

1. Fundamental Concepts of NumPy
2. Basic Programming with NumPy
3. Top Resources to Learn NumPy

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NumPy Copies and Views - Copy Vs View in NumPy

NumPy consists of different methods to duplicate an original array. The two main functions for this duplication are copy and view. The duplication of the array means an array assignment. When we duplicate the original array, the changes made in the new array may or may not reflect. The duplicate array may use the same location or may be at a new memory location.

Copy or Deep copy in NumPy

It returns a copy of the original array stored at a new location. The copy doesn’t share data or memory with the original array. The modifications are not reflected. The copy function is also known as deep copy.

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([20,30,50,70])
a= arr.copy()
#changing a value in original array
arr[0] = 100

print(arr)
print(a)

Output

[100 30 50 70]

[20 30 50 70]

Changes made in the original array are not reflected in the copy.

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([20,30,50,70])
a= arr.copy()
#changing a value in copy array
a[0] = 5

print(arr)
print(a)

Output

[20 30 50 70]

[ 5 30 50 70]

Changes made in copy are not reflected in the original array

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NumPy Installation - How to Install Numpy in Python

Python is an open-source object-oriented language. It has many features of which one is the wide range of external packages. There are a lot of packages for installation and use for expanding functionalities. These packages are a repository of functions in python script. NumPy is one such package to ease array computations. To install all these python packages we use the pip- package installer. Pip is automatically installed along with Python. We can then use pip in the command line to install packages from PyPI.

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Install Numpy in Mac OS

Python comes pre-installed on Mac OS. However, it has an old system version the newer versions can be downloaded alongside.

1. Open the terminal in your MacBook.

2. In the terminal, we use the pip command to install the package

1. pip install numpy

3. If you use Python3, enter the pip3 command.

1. pip3 install numpy

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