Statistical Hypothesis Analysis in Python

Introduction

Python is an incredibly versatile language, useful for a wide variety of tasks in a wide range of disciplines. One such discipline is statistical analysis on datasets, and along with SPSS, Python is one of the most common tools for statistics.

Python’s user-friendly and intuitive nature makes running statistical tests and implementing analytical techniques easy, especially through the use of the statsmodels library.

Introducing The statsmodels Library In Python

The statsmodels library is a module for Python that gives easy access to a variety of statistical tools for carrying out statistical tests and exploring data. There are a number of statistical tests and functions that the library grants access to, including ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions, generalized linear models, logit models, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models.

The results of the models are constantly tested against other statistical packages to ensure that the models are accurate. When combined with SciPy and Pandas, it’s simple to visualize data, run statistical tests, and check relationships for significance.

Choosing A Dataset

Before we can practice statistics with Python, we need to select a dataset. We’ll be making use of a dataset compiled by the Gapminder Foundation.

The Gapminder Dataset tracks many variables used to assess the general health and wellness of populations in countries around the world. We’ll be using the dataset because it is very well documented, standardized, and complete. We won’t have to do much in the way of preprocessing in order to make use of it.

There are a few things we’ll want to do just to get the dataset ready to run regressions, ANOVAs, and other tests, but by and large the dataset is ready to work with.

The starting point for our statistical analysis of the Gapminder dataset is exploratory data analysis. We’ll use some graphing and plotting functions from Matplotlib and Seaborn to visualize some interesting relationships and get an idea of what variable relationships we may want to explore.

Exploratory Data Analysis and Preprocessing

We’ll start off by visualizing some possible relationships. Using Seaborn and Pandas we can do some regressions that look at the strength of correlations between the variables in our dataset to get an idea of which variable relationships are worth studying.

We’ll import those two and any other libraries we’ll be using here:

import statsmodels.formula.api as smf
import statsmodels.stats.multicomp as multi
import scipy
from scipy.stats import pearsonr
import pandas as pd
from seaborn import regplot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import seaborn as sns

There isn’t much preprocessing we have to do, but we do need to do a few things. First, we’ll check for missing any missing or null data and convert any non-numeric entries to numeric. We’ll also make a copy of the transformed dataframe that we’ll work with:

# Check for missing data
def check_missing_values(df, cols):

    for col in cols:
       print("Column {} is missing:".format(col))
       print((df[col].values == ' ').sum())
       print()

# Convert to numeric
def convert_numeric(dataframe, cols):

    for col in cols:
        dataframe[col] = pd.to_numeric(dataframe[col], errors='coerce')

df = pd.read_csv("gapminder.csv")

print("Null values:")
print(df.isnull().values.any())

cols = ['lifeexpectancy', 'breastcancerper100th', 'suicideper100th']
norm_cols = ['internetuserate', 'employrate']

df2 = df.copy()

check_missing_values(df, cols)
check_missing_values(df, norm_cols)

convert_numeric(df2, cols)
convert_numeric(df2, norm_cols)

Here are the outputs:

Null values:
Column lifeexpectancy is missing:
22

Column breastcancerper100th is missing:
40

Column suicideper100th is missing:
22

Column internetuserate is missing:
21

Column employrate is missing:
35

#python #data science #machine learning #programming

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Buddha Community

top 30 Python Tips and Tricks for Beginners

Welcome to my Blog , In this article, you are going to learn the top 10 python tips and tricks.

1) swap two numbers.

2) Reversing a string in Python.

3) Create a single string from all the elements in list.

4) Chaining Of Comparison Operators.

5) Print The File Path Of Imported Modules.

6) Return Multiple Values From Functions.

7) Find The Most Frequent Value In A List.

8) Check The Memory Usage Of An Object.

…

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Lambda, Map, Filter functions in python

Welcome to my Blog, In this article, we will learn python lambda function, Map function, and filter function.

Lambda function in python: Lambda is a one line anonymous function and lambda takes any number of arguments but can only have one expression and python lambda syntax is

Syntax: x = lambda arguments : expression

Now i will show you some python lambda function examples:

#python #anonymous function python #filter function in python #lambda #lambda python 3 #map python #python filter #python filter lambda #python lambda #python lambda examples #python map

Why use Python for Software Development

No programming language is pretty much as diverse as Python. It enables building cutting edge applications effortlessly. Developers are as yet investigating the full capability of end-to-end Python development services in various areas. 

By areas, we mean FinTech, HealthTech, InsureTech, Cybersecurity, and that's just the beginning. These are New Economy areas, and Python has the ability to serve every one of them. The vast majority of them require massive computational abilities. Python's code is dynamic and powerful - equipped for taking care of the heavy traffic and substantial algorithmic capacities. 

Programming advancement is multidimensional today. Endeavor programming requires an intelligent application with AI and ML capacities. Shopper based applications require information examination to convey a superior client experience. Netflix, Trello, and Amazon are genuine instances of such applications. Python assists with building them effortlessly. 

5 Reasons to Utilize Python for Programming Web Apps 

Python can do such numerous things that developers can't discover enough reasons to admire it. Python application development isn't restricted to web and enterprise applications. It is exceptionally adaptable and superb for a wide range of uses.

Robust frameworks 

Python is known for its tools and frameworks. There's a structure for everything. Django is helpful for building web applications, venture applications, logical applications, and mathematical processing. Flask is another web improvement framework with no conditions. 

Web2Py, CherryPy, and Falcon offer incredible capabilities to customize Python development services. A large portion of them are open-source frameworks that allow quick turn of events. 

Simple to read and compose 

Python has an improved sentence structure - one that is like the English language. New engineers for Python can undoubtedly understand where they stand in the development process. The simplicity of composing allows quick application building. 

The motivation behind building Python, as said by its maker Guido Van Rossum, was to empower even beginner engineers to comprehend the programming language. The simple coding likewise permits developers to roll out speedy improvements without getting confused by pointless subtleties. 

Utilized by the best 

Alright - Python isn't simply one more programming language. It should have something, which is the reason the business giants use it. Furthermore, that too for different purposes. Developers at Google use Python to assemble framework organization systems, parallel information pusher, code audit, testing and QA, and substantially more. Netflix utilizes Python web development services for its recommendation algorithm and media player. 

Massive community support 

Python has a steadily developing community that offers enormous help. From amateurs to specialists, there's everybody. There are a lot of instructional exercises, documentation, and guides accessible for Python web development solutions. 

Today, numerous universities start with Python, adding to the quantity of individuals in the community. Frequently, Python designers team up on various tasks and help each other with algorithmic, utilitarian, and application critical thinking. 

Progressive applications 

Python is the greatest supporter of data science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence at any enterprise software development company. Its utilization cases in cutting edge applications are the most compelling motivation for its prosperity. Python is the second most well known tool after R for data analytics.

The simplicity of getting sorted out, overseeing, and visualizing information through unique libraries makes it ideal for data based applications. TensorFlow for neural networks and OpenCV for computer vision are two of Python's most well known use cases for Machine learning applications.

Summary

Thinking about the advances in programming and innovation, Python is a YES for an assorted scope of utilizations. Game development, web application development services, GUI advancement, ML and AI improvement, Enterprise and customer applications - every one of them uses Python to its full potential. 

The disadvantages of Python web improvement arrangements are regularly disregarded by developers and organizations because of the advantages it gives. They focus on quality over speed and performance over blunders. That is the reason it's a good idea to utilize Python for building the applications of the future.

#python development services #python development company #python app development #python development #python in web development #python software development

Python Tricks Every Developer Should Know

Python is awesome, it’s one of the easiest languages with simple and intuitive syntax but wait, have you ever thought that there might ways to write your python code simpler?

In this tutorial, you’re going to learn a variety of Python tricks that you can use to write your Python code in a more readable and efficient way like a pro.

Let’s get started

Swapping value in Python

Instead of creating a temporary variable to hold the value of the one while swapping, you can do this instead

>>> FirstName = "kalebu"
>>> LastName = "Jordan"
>>> FirstName, LastName = LastName, FirstName 
>>> print(FirstName, LastName)
('Jordan', 'kalebu')

#python #python-programming #python3 #python-tutorials #learn-python #python-tips #python-skills #python-development

How to Remove all Duplicate Files on your Drive via Python

Today you’re going to learn how to use Python programming in a way that can ultimately save a lot of space on your drive by removing all the duplicates.

Intro

In many situations you may find yourself having duplicates files on your disk and but when it comes to tracking and checking them manually it can tedious.

Heres a solution

Instead of tracking throughout your disk to see if there is a duplicate, you can automate the process using coding, by writing a program to recursively track through the disk and remove all the found duplicates and that’s what this article is about.

But How do we do it?

If we were to read the whole file and then compare it to the rest of the files recursively through the given directory it will take a very long time, then how do we do it?

The answer is hashing, with hashing can generate a given string of letters and numbers which act as the identity of a given file and if we find any other file with the same identity we gonna delete it.

There’s a variety of hashing algorithms out there such as

• md5
• sha1
• sha224, sha256, sha384 and sha512

#python-programming #python-tutorials #learn-python #python-project #python3 #python #python-skills #python-tips