Introduction to Python Classes

A comprehensive practical guide in the light of object oriented programming

Class is the most fundamental piece of Python. The reason lays behind the concept of object oriented programming.

Everything in Python is an object such as integers, lists, dictionaries, functions and so on. Every object has a type and the object types are created using classes.

Classes have:

• Data attributes: Define what is needed to create an instance of a class
• Methods (i.e. procedural attributes): Define how to interact with the instances of a class

Methods are just like functions but they belong to a particular class. The attributes can be considered as an interface to interact with a class.

An advantage of classes is that we do not need to know how it is created. We can just use it through data attributes and methods. For instance, in order to use the linear regression model from scikit-learn, we just import the LinearRegression class.

from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression

We just need to know how to use or interact with the LinearRegression class. We are not interested in how it is created. This is the idea of abstraction. The behavior is defined but implementation is hidden (You can see it if you want to).

This post can be considered as a comprehensive introduction to classes. We will go over many examples that explain features of them. There will also be some tips to keep in mind when implementing a class.

We will also do a few examples that explain inheritance which is a very important concept in object oriented programming.

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