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REST is an architectural approach to creating web services. GraphQL is a query language for designing APIs. Both are used to create web services allowing clients to communicate with remote servers over HTTP.
While REST has been widely accepted as the “de facto” for developing stateless independent microservices, GraphQL is the new kid on the block for rapid API development.
REST stands for Representational State Transfer. REST isn’t a library but rather an architectural “way of doing things”. Web services are considered RESTful when their implementation adheres to REST principles.
A core concept behind REST is the idea of resources. A resource represents a piece of data you want to retrieve from the server. If your web app is a blog then resources may include posts, comments, users, etc.
Each resource is identified by a URL. You fetch a given resource by sending a HTTP request that may look something like this:
/users/<id>/posts
The server processes your request and returns something like this:
{ "posts": [ { "title":"My latest post", "author":"Sam", "views":33 }, { "title":"My other post", "author":"Sam", "views":14 }, { "title":"My first post", "author":"Sam", "views":53 } ] }
For a user with a given , the service returns a JSON object with an array of post objects.
Unlike REST, GraphQL is an actual application query language for making HTTP requests that return specified resources. While GraphQL ultimately uses the same HTTP protocol to retrieve information from the server, it leverages a type system defined in a schema. This schema dictates the types of queries that can be run and the data they return.
Unlike REST, GraphQL produces a single API endpoint for communicating with the server.
Let’s see how GraphQL would implement the same REST call from the previous example:
query { User(id: <id>) { posts { title, author, views } } }
The server processes the request and returns:
{ "posts": [ { "title":"My latest post", "author":"Sam", "views":33 }, { "title":"My other post", "author":"Sam", "views":14 }, { "title":"My first post", "author":"Sam", "views":53 } ] }
Notice how the exact same JSON response is returned using GraphQL…
From the examples, it looks like both GraphQL and REST produce the same result. The GraphQL query seems a bit more verbose than a simple GET request, but both ultimately use the same protocol to return the same thing. So what’s the big deal?
One of the main reasons why GraphQL is preferred to REST is the precision with which data is retrieved from the server. While our basic /users//posts endpoint gave us the data we needed, it may have given us more than we asked for. For example, what if we only wanted the title returned for each post?
This is known as “overfetching” since we got back more than we asked for. Specifically, we got back the author and views along with the title.
Another scenario could be that you need more information about each post. In addition to views, authors, and titles you may also want the number of likes for a given post, etc. This is considered “underfetching” and results in additional requests needed for each post object being returned.
You may be thinking…so what? After all, you could modify the REST endpoint to accept parameters for each field you want returned. You could even filter at the database level or create a new endpoint all together.
And you aren’t wrong. But this would require more development work and more coordination across different teams.
Alternatively, with GraphQL we could simply modify our original query to address the “overfetching” problem:
query { User(id: <id>) { posts { title } } }
or the “underfetching” problem:
query { User(id: <id>) { posts { title, author, views, followers } } }
Notice how in both cases we simply add or subtract fields that we want returned. Remember GraphQL uses the same API endpoint for every query…so no need to bug the API team.
This example clearly illustrates the benefits of using GraphQL over REST. By specifying a clearly designed schema with the data types and queries available, GraphQL implements a more contract-driven approach to communicating with the server.
This better isolates the front end from the back end and allows for more rapid API development as quickly evolving UIs can retrieve the exact information they need.
So should you forget about REST completely? Not at all. It’s important to remember that REST remains one of the most popular approaches to microservice architecture. Deciding between GraphQL vs REST depends on how you emphasize the pros and cons of each.
While arguing the pros and cons of GraphQL vs REST can be a never ending conversation, it’s important to remember that both achieve the same end result. Both invovle sending HTTP requests and receiving data from a server. Both have the idea of resources and can specify IDs for those resources. Both can return JSON responses.
Answering the question as to which is better for your web service really depends on the dynamic between different dev teams in your organization. If you already follow a microservice architecture, then dropping REST to play with GraphQL may not be the best idea. However if your team emphasizes rapid API development driven by the front end, then GraphQL may be the best fit for you.
Originally published at https://www.stackchief.com
#rest #graphql #database
1550919588
Nice article. I would like to see a use-case comparison. So far, all the conclusions I’ve read regarding this topic summarize the GraphQL vs REST discussion as: “you can use both to get the same result”, or “it really depends on your use-case”. But what are those use-cases exactly?
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Opencart REST API
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1594289280
The REST acronym is defined as a “REpresentational State Transfer” and is designed to take advantage of existing HTTP protocols when used for Web APIs. It is very flexible in that it is not tied to resources or methods and has the ability to handle different calls and data formats. Because REST API is not constrained to an XML format like SOAP, it can return multiple other formats depending on what is needed. If a service adheres to this style, it is considered a “RESTful” application. REST allows components to access and manage functions within another application.
REST was initially defined in a dissertation by Roy Fielding’s twenty years ago. He proposed these standards as an alternative to SOAP (The Simple Object Access Protocol is a simple standard for accessing objects and exchanging structured messages within a distributed computing environment). REST (or RESTful) defines the general rules used to regulate the interactions between web apps utilizing the HTTP protocol for CRUD (create, retrieve, update, delete) operations.
An API (or Application Programming Interface) provides a method of interaction between two systems.
A RESTful API (or application program interface) uses HTTP requests to GET, PUT, POST, and DELETE data following the REST standards. This allows two pieces of software to communicate with each other. In essence, REST API is a set of remote calls using standard methods to return data in a specific format.
The systems that interact in this manner can be very different. Each app may use a unique programming language, operating system, database, etc. So, how do we create a system that can easily communicate and understand other apps?? This is where the Rest API is used as an interaction system.
When using a RESTful API, we should determine in advance what resources we want to expose to the outside world. Typically, the RESTful API service is implemented, keeping the following ideas in mind:
The features of the REST API design style state:
For REST to fit this model, we must adhere to the following rules:
#tutorials #api #application #application programming interface #crud #http #json #programming #protocols #representational state transfer #rest #rest api #rest api graphql #rest api json #rest api xml #restful #soap #xml #yaml
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1600246406
We see a lot of articles that tout the features of graphql, praising its advantages over rest API’s, I do mostly agree with these articles, but I’ll like to present its advantages from another perspective — by elaborating some issues I had integrating a 50+ rest api in an app.
API Documentation isn’t documentation when it doesn’t accurately represent the complete range of input-output relationships.
The api docs whilst mostly accurate, left me guessing at which data types were accepted and the range of values fields could take.
Using a standard rest API felt like I had to have “faith” on the documentation in exactly what had to be returned, and frustration ensued when it didn’t correlate with expectations.
#rest-api #graphql #graphql-vs-rest #api