How We Built GraphQL Subscriptions with Apollo

A real-world example
At Scaphold, we manage a lot of infrastructure to make sure our customers’ APIs stay available and performant. One of our core features is a graphical schema designer that allows you to easily define the GraphQL schema that will come to define your Scaphold API. What you don’t see when playing around with our schema designer, however, is a complex migration system that makes sure your API’s database is always up to date and in adherence with your schema. When you make a migration to your schema, the machine that fields the migration request will make the necessary changes to your database so that your API stays in sync.

#graphql #graphql subscriptions #apollo

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How We Built GraphQL Subscriptions with Apollo

A real-world example
At Scaphold, we manage a lot of infrastructure to make sure our customers’ APIs stay available and performant. One of our core features is a graphical schema designer that allows you to easily define the GraphQL schema that will come to define your Scaphold API. What you don’t see when playing around with our schema designer, however, is a complex migration system that makes sure your API’s database is always up to date and in adherence with your schema. When you make a migration to your schema, the machine that fields the migration request will make the necessary changes to your database so that your API stays in sync.

#graphql #graphql subscriptions #apollo

GraphQL Subscriptions in Apollo Client

GraphQL subscriptions are based on a simple publish-subscribe system. In our server-side subscriptions package, when a client makes a subscription, we simply use a map from one subscription name to one or more channel names to subscribe to the right channels. The subscription query will be re-run every time something is published to one of these channels. We think a common pattern will be to publish mutation results to a channel, so a subscription can send a new result to clients whenever a mutation happens. This is why some people call subscriptions the result of someone else’s mutation .

#apollo client #subscriptions #graphql

How to Build a Modern Bookmark Manager With Angular Apollo & GraphQL

Learn how to build a full-stack web app with Angular Apollo & GraphQL using Nest.js as a backend. Automatic code generation makes creating this app a breeze.

UI Repo: https://github.com/mguay22/booker
Backend Repo: https://github.com/mguay22/booker-backend

#angular #graphql #apollo #nest #nestjs #graphql #fullstack 

How to Build Apollo GraphQL Server From Scratch

What is GraphQL

GraphQL is a query language and a server-side runtime that is used to request data from the server. The first thing that comes to mind when hearing the term “query language” is SQL. Just as SQL is used for querying databases, GraphQL is a bit like SQL but for querying web APIs as it eliminates the need to repeatedly develop or change existing end-points. GraphQL also enables the client/front-end to retrieve exactly the data they have requested and no more. This means that, within a single request of GraphQL, you can traverse from the entry point to the related data (whereas in RESTful API you have to call multiple endpoints to fetch similar results).

The following example will help you to understand this better. Let us consider an object person which has the attributes name, age, email, and contactNumber. Suppose the front-end only needs the name and age of the person. If we design a REST API, the endpoint will look like api/persons, which will end up fetching all the fields for the person object. The issue arises here because there is no easy way to communicate that I am interested in some fields and not others (which causes REST API to over fetch the data).

#graphql #nodejs #apollo-server #graphql-apollo-server

Elm Graphql: Autogenerate Type-safe GraphQL Queries in Elm

dillonkearns/elm-graphql  

Why use this package over the other available Elm GraphQL packages? This is the only one that generates type-safe code for your entire schema. Check out this blog post, Type-Safe & Composable GraphQL in Elm, to learn more about the motivation for this library. (It's also the only type-safe library with Elm 0.18 or 0.19 support, see this discourse thread).

I built this package because I wanted to have something that:

1. Gives you type-safe GraphQL queries (if it compiles, it's valid according to the schema),
2. Creates decoders for you in a seamless and failsafe way, and
3. Eliminates GraphQL features in favor of Elm language constructs where possible for a simpler UX (for example, GraphQL variables & fragments should just be Elm functions, constants, lets).

See an example in action on Ellie. See more end-to-end example code in the examples/ folder.

Overview

dillonkearns/elm-graphql is an Elm package and accompanying command-line code generator that creates type-safe Elm code for your GraphQL endpoint. You don't write any decoders for your API with dillonkearns/elm-graphql, instead you simply select which fields you would like, similar to a standard GraphQL query but in Elm. For example, this GraphQL query

query {
  human(id: "1001") {
    name
    homePlanet
  }
}

would look like this in dillonkearns/elm-graphql (the code in this example that is prefixed with StarWars is auto-generated)

import Graphql.Operation exposing (RootQuery)
import Graphql.SelectionSet as SelectionSet exposing (SelectionSet)
import StarWars.Object
import StarWars.Object.Human as Human
import StarWars.Query as Query
import StarWars.Scalar exposing (Id(..))


query : SelectionSet (Maybe HumanData) RootQuery
query =
    Query.human { id = Id "1001" } humanSelection


type alias HumanData =
    { name : String
    , homePlanet : Maybe String
    }


humanSelection : SelectionSet HumanData StarWars.Object.Human
humanSelection =
    SelectionSet.map2 HumanData
        Human.name
        Human.homePlanet

GraphQL and Elm are a perfect match because GraphQL is used to enforce the types that your API takes as inputs and outputs, much like Elm's type system does within Elm. elm-graphql simply bridges this gap by making your Elm code aware of your GraphQL server's schema. If you are new to GraphQL, graphql.org/learn/ is an excellent way to learn the basics.

After following the installation instructions to install the @dillonkearns/elm-graphql NPM package and the proper Elm packages (see the Setup section for details). Once you've installed everything, running the elm-graphql code generation tool is as simple as this:

npx elm-graphql https://elm-graphql.herokuapp.com --base StarWars --output examples/src

If headers are required, such as a Bearer Token, the --header flag can be supplied.

npx elm-graphql https://elm-graphql.herokuapp.com --base StarWars --output examples/src --header 'headerKey: header value'

Learning Resources

There is a thorough tutorial in the SelectionSet docs. SelectionSets are the core concept in this library, so I recommend reading through the whole page (it's not very long!).

The examples/ folder is another great place to start.

If you want to learn more GraphQL basics, this is a great tutorial, and a short read: graphql.org/learn/

My Elm Conf 2018 talk goes into the philosophy behind dillonkearns/elm-graphql

(Skip to 13:06 to go straight to the dillonkearns/elm-graphql demo).

• My 10-minute video tutorial on how to leverage Custom Scalars in elm-graphql using the Scalar Codecs feature.
• A Beginner's Guide to GraphQL with Elm by @martimatix
• Graphqelm: Optional Arguments in a Language Without Optional Arguments by @martimatix
• Comprehensive tutorial by the Hasura Team

If you're wondering why code is generated a certain way, you're likely to find an answer in the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ).

There's a very helpful group of people in the #graphql channel in the Elm Slack. Don't hesitate to ask any questions about getting started, best practices, or just general GraphQL in there!

Setup

dillonkearns/elm-graphql generates Elm code that allows you to build up type-safe GraphQL requests. Here are the steps to setup dillonkearns/elm-graphql.

Add the dillonkearns/elm-graphql elm package as a dependency in your elm.json. You will also need to make sure that elm/json is a dependency of your project since the generated code has lots of JSON decoders in it.

elm install dillonkearns/elm-graphql
elm install elm/json

Install the @dillonkearns/elm-graphql command line tool through npm. This is what you will use to generate Elm code for your API. It is recommended that you save the @dillonkearns/elm-graphql command line tool as a dev dependency so that everyone on your project is using the same version.

npm install --save-dev @dillonkearns/elm-graphql
# you can now run it locally using `npx elm-graphql`,
# or by calling it through an npm script as in this project's package.json

Run the @dillonkearns/elm-graphql command line tool installed above to generate your code. If you used the --save-dev method above, you can simply create a script in your package.json like the following:

{
  "name": "star-wars-elm-graphql-project",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "scripts": {
    "api": "elm-graphql https://elm-graphql.herokuapp.com/api --base StarWars"
  }

With the above in your package.json, running npm run api will generate dillonkearns/elm-graphql code for you to call in ./src/StarWars/. You can now use the generated code as in this Ellie example or in the examples folder.

Subscriptions Support

You can do real-time APIs using GraphQL Subscriptions and dillonkearns/elm-graphql. Just wire in the framework-specific JavaScript code for opening the WebSocket connection through a port. Here's a live demo and its source code. The demo server is running Elixir/Absinthe.

Contributors

Thank you Mario Martinez (martimatix) for all your feedback, the elm-format PR, and for the incredible logo design!

Thank you Mike Stock (mikeastock) for setting up Travis CI!

Thanks for the reserved words pull request @madsflensted!

A huge thanks to @xtian for doing the vast majority of the 0.19 upgrade work! :tada:

Thank you Josh Adams (@knewter) for the code example for Subscriptions with Elixir/Absinthe wired up through Elm ports!

Thank you Romario for adding OptionalArgument.map!

Thank you Aaron White for your pull request to improve the performance and stability of the elm-format step! 🎉

Roadmap

All core features are supported. That is, you can build any query or mutation with your dillonkearns/elm-graphql-generated code, and it is guaranteed to be valid according to your server's schema.

dillonkearns/elm-graphql will generate code for you to generate subscriptions and decode the responses, but it doesn't deal with the low-level details for how to send them over web sockets. To do that, you will need to use custom code or a package that knows how to communicate over websockets (or whichever protocol) to setup a subscription with your particular framework. See this discussion for why those details are not handled by this library directly.

I would love to hear feedback if you are using GraphQL Subscriptions. In particular, I'd love to see live code examples to drive any improvements to the Subscriptions design. Please ping me on Slack, drop a message in the #graphql channel, or open up a Github issue to discuss!

I would like to investigate generating helpers to make pagination simpler for Connections (based on the Relay Cursor Connections Specification). If you have ideas on this chime in on this thread.

See the full roadmap on Trello.

---

Author: dillonkearns
Source Code: https://github.com/dillonkearns/elm-graphql
License: View license

#graphql