1625049420
Virtual Clusters are the Future of Kubernetes Multitenancy
Sharing Kubernetes clusters across teams is extremely difficult. If you talk with people in the Kubernetes community, you’ll often hear them discuss how hard it is to get multitenancy right. This difficulty has led to many companies abandoning multitenancy entirely and instead provisioning dedicated clusters for teams or even individual engineers. However, more clusters mean more cluster management headaches for platform teams, and more energy consumption and negative consequences for the environment, as IBM‘s Holly Cummins mentioned in her keynote from KubeCon+CloudNative Con EU earlier this year.
Virtual clusters are a new approach that allows teams to share clusters without some of the pain involved with Kubernetes multitenancy.
State of the Art: Multitenancy with Namespaces
The primary approach to Kubernetes multitenancy is based on the construct of namespaces and strategies to isolate these namespaces. Teams or developers have a dedicated namespace in the cluster and are limited to that namespace by role-based access control (RBAC) permissions. Additional tools like admission control and network policies further limit what developers can do using the cluster.
One of the main stumbling blocks with this namespace sandbox approach is that some Kubernetes objects that developers would like to manage operate at the cluster level, not the namespace level. Say that a developer wants to deploy a Helm chart in a cluster that contains resources like services and deployments, which are namespaced, but the Helm chart also contains custom resources (CRDs), which are cluster-scoped.
That’s impossible in this namespace sandbox model because the developer will not have sufficient RBAC permissions outside of their dedicated namespaces.
#cloud native #kubernetes #virtual clusters
What is GEEK
Buddha Community
1602964260
50+ Useful Kubernetes Tools for 2020 - Part 2
Introduction
Last year, we provided a list of Kubernetes tools that proved so popular we have decided to curate another list of some useful additions for working with the platform—among which are many tools that we personally use here at Caylent. Check out the original tools list here in case you missed it.
According to a recent survey done by Stackrox, the dominance Kubernetes enjoys in the market continues to be reinforced, with 86% of respondents using it for container orchestration.
And as you can see below, more and more companies are jumping into containerization for their apps. If you’re among them, here are some tools to aid you going forward as Kubernetes continues its rapid growth.
#blog #tools #amazon elastic kubernetes service #application security #aws kms #botkube #caylent #cli #container monitoring #container orchestration tools #container security #containers #continuous delivery #continuous deployment #continuous integration #contour #developers #development #developments #draft #eksctl #firewall #gcp #github #harbor #helm #helm charts #helm-2to3 #helm-aws-secret-plugin #helm-docs #helm-operator-get-started #helm-secrets #iam #json #k-rail #k3s #k3sup #k8s #keel.sh #keycloak #kiali #kiam #klum #knative #krew #ksniff #kube #kube-prod-runtime #kube-ps1 #kube-scan #kube-state-metrics #kube2iam #kubeapps #kubebuilder #kubeconfig #kubectl #kubectl-aws-secrets #kubefwd #kubernetes #kubernetes command line tool #kubernetes configuration #kubernetes deployment #kubernetes in development #kubernetes in production #kubernetes ingress #kubernetes interfaces #kubernetes monitoring #kubernetes networking #kubernetes observability #kubernetes plugins #kubernetes secrets #kubernetes security #kubernetes security best practices #kubernetes security vendors #kubernetes service discovery #kubernetic #kubesec #kubeterminal #kubeval #kudo #kuma #microsoft azure key vault #mozilla sops #octant #octarine #open source #palo alto kubernetes security #permission-manager #pgp #rafay #rakess #rancher #rook #secrets operations #serverless function #service mesh #shell-operator #snyk #snyk container #sonobuoy #strongdm #tcpdump #tenkai #testing #tigera #tilt #vert.x #wireshark #yaml
1601051854
Kubernetes in the Cloud: Strategies for Effective Multi Cloud Implementations
Kubernetes is a highly popular container orchestration platform. Multi cloud is a strategy that leverages cloud resources from multiple vendors. Multi cloud strategies have become popular because they help prevent vendor lock-in and enable you to leverage a wide variety of cloud resources. However, multi cloud ecosystems are notoriously difficult to configure and maintain.
This article explains how you can leverage Kubernetes to reduce multi cloud complexities and improve stability, scalability, and velocity.
Kubernetes: Your Multi Cloud Strategy
Maintaining standardized application deployments becomes more challenging as your number of applications and the technologies they are based on increase. As environments, operating systems, and dependencies differ, management and operations require more effort and extensive documentation.
In the past, teams tried to get around these difficulties by creating isolated projects in the data center. Each project, including its configurations and requirements were managed independently. This required accurately predicting performance and the number of users before deployment and taking down applications to update operating systems or applications. There were many chances for error.
Kubernetes can provide an alternative to the old method, enabling teams to deploy applications independent of the environment in containers. This eliminates the need to create resource partitions and enables teams to operate infrastructure as a unified whole.
In particular, Kubernetes makes it easier to deploy a multi cloud strategy since it enables you to abstract away service differences. With Kubernetes deployments you can work from a consistent platform and optimize services and applications according to your business needs.
The Compelling Attributes of Multi Cloud Kubernetes
Multi cloud Kubernetes can provide multiple benefits beyond a single cloud deployment. Below are some of the most notable advantages.
Stability
In addition to the built-in scalability, fault tolerance, and auto-healing features of Kubernetes, multi cloud deployments can provide service redundancy. For example, you can mirror applications or split microservices across vendors. This reduces the risk of a vendor-related outage and enables you to create failovers.
#kubernetes #multicloud-strategy #kubernetes-cluster #kubernetes-top-story #kubernetes-cluster-install #kubernetes-explained #kubernetes-infrastructure #cloud
1625049420
Virtual Clusters are the Future of Kubernetes Multitenancy
Sharing Kubernetes clusters across teams is extremely difficult. If you talk with people in the Kubernetes community, you’ll often hear them discuss how hard it is to get multitenancy right. This difficulty has led to many companies abandoning multitenancy entirely and instead provisioning dedicated clusters for teams or even individual engineers. However, more clusters mean more cluster management headaches for platform teams, and more energy consumption and negative consequences for the environment, as IBM‘s Holly Cummins mentioned in her keynote from KubeCon+CloudNative Con EU earlier this year.
Virtual clusters are a new approach that allows teams to share clusters without some of the pain involved with Kubernetes multitenancy.
State of the Art: Multitenancy with Namespaces
The primary approach to Kubernetes multitenancy is based on the construct of namespaces and strategies to isolate these namespaces. Teams or developers have a dedicated namespace in the cluster and are limited to that namespace by role-based access control (RBAC) permissions. Additional tools like admission control and network policies further limit what developers can do using the cluster.
One of the main stumbling blocks with this namespace sandbox approach is that some Kubernetes objects that developers would like to manage operate at the cluster level, not the namespace level. Say that a developer wants to deploy a Helm chart in a cluster that contains resources like services and deployments, which are namespaced, but the Helm chart also contains custom resources (CRDs), which are cluster-scoped.
That’s impossible in this namespace sandbox model because the developer will not have sufficient RBAC permissions outside of their dedicated namespaces.
#cloud native #kubernetes #virtual clusters
1601119020
How to Install and Configure Kubectl: A Tutorial
What is Kubectl?
Kubectl is a command-line tool for Kubernetes. It allows us to execute Kubernetes operations via the API. We can use Kubectl to deploy apps, check logs as well as manage all the other resources of the cluster.
Kubernetes uses an HTTP-based REST API which is the actual Kubernetes user interface employed to manage it. This means that every Kubernetes operation is represented as an API endpoint and can be carried out based on an HTTP-request sent to the endpoint.
In this article, we will review Kubectl, and outline its installation, configuration, and use.
What is Kubernetes?
The name Kubernetes has its origins from the original Greek term for helmsman or pilot. Kubernetes, or ‘k8s’ (pronounced “Kate’s”) is an open-source software tool that was created by Google and is used for scaling, deploying and coordinating containerized applications into easy to manage groups. It supports multiple containerization technologies as well as orchestrates hardware virtualization.
To manage a Kubernetes server cluster effectively, we utilize kubectl as the command-line tool of choice. Basically, kubectl communicates with the master Kubernetes node(s) which in turn submits commands to the worker nodes to manage the cluster. A Kubernetes cluster basically consists of two types of resources.
- Master server – a master server organizes the cluster
- Node server – Nodes are the workers that contain and run the applications
Each node contains a Kubelet, which is the agent for managing the node and communicating with the master. We can use kubectl to deploy, explore, review and remove Kubernetes objects (like nodes, images or containers).
Initially, Kubernetes was designed and developed by Google engineers to employ and utilize containers for its workload management. Google generates more than 2 billion containers deployments a week which was provided for by their internal platform code-named Borg (the predecessor to Kubernetes). During Borg’s development, the experience gained was one of the main factors that influenced a significant part of Kubernetes current technologies. Currently, Kubernetes is maintained by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.
How to Install Kubectl?
The easiest way to install kubectl is to use one of the default package managers for a Linux OS.
Debian/Ubuntu
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https gnupg2
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
#tutorials #choco #cluster #debian #docker #hyper-v #hyperkit #hypervisor #kubectl #kubernetes #mac #ubuntu #virtual box #virtual environment #virtual machines #virtualized #vm #vm driver #vt-x #windows 10 #windows 8
1596110100
Webinar: Things to consider to operate a Multi-Tenant Kubernetes Cluster
Using Kubernetes to serve multi tenants is not a trivial task. Kubernetes provides the tools that are necessary(RBAC, Rolebinding, Network Policy, ResourceQuota and etc) to provide isolation between tenants but building/implementing an architecture is solely upon users. In this webinar, we would like to introduce multiple approaches that can be taken to provide multi-tenancy in the kubernetes cluster. We will also talk about how others in the communities are doing to achieve multi-tenancy. We’ll analyze pros and cons of different approaches and share specific use-cases that fit each approach. Finally, we will look in to lessons we’ve learned and we have implemented these factors into our on-premise cloud environment.
#kubernetes #a multi-tenant kubernetes cluster #kubernetes cluster #on-premise cloud environment