Optimized Solutions: Frequency Counters

During my ongoing journey to become a strong problem solver, I’m quickly learning about the many patterns that can help solve algorithms that may appear as tricky. Take this problem for example:

- Write a function that takes in two arrays
- Each a array has a set of integers
- Return true if each index of the second array
contains the squared values of the first array
- The frequency of the values must be the same
[1, 2, 4], [1, 4, 16] => true
[1, 3, 8], [1, 9] => false

So just by reading this, it’s clear that we definitely need to iterate through the arrays, implement some conditional statements, and return a boolean. Let’s take a brute force approach to this problem before cleaning it up:

const hasSquared = (array1, array2) => {
  if (array1.length !== array2.length) return false;

  for (let i = 0; i < array1.length; i++) {
      const correctIndex = array2.indexOf(array[i] ** 2);
      if (correctIndex == -1) return false;
      array2.splice(correctIndex, 1);
  }
  return true;
}

For this solution, we first check to see if the frequency/length of the arrays are equal. Next, we use **indexOf() **to locate the index of array1’s squared values within the second array. If the index isn’t found then we return false. If we do find an index containing squared values, we splice it from the array and continue looping. We then return **true **once we exit our loop, confirming that **array2 **has the same frequency as **array1 **along with the squared values.

#computer-science #frequency-counter #coding #javascript #algorithms

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How Do I Pass the AWS Solutions Architect Associate Exam? Careerera

The AWS solutions architect associate exam is one of the most difficult certification exams in the world. There are many certifications for various things such as the PMP certification and the CISSP certification, but it is the AWS solutions architect associate exam which takes the crown when it comes to difficulty.

How to Qualify an AWS Certified Solutions Architect Associate Exam?

Naturally, given the difficulty of the exam many people wonder, “How Do I Pass the AWS Solutions Architect Associate Exam?” on the first attempt. This is a very valid question and, in this article, we will discuss all the ways in which one can maximize his chances of passing the AWS solutions architect associate exam in the first attempt.

Before starting we must remember one thing – the AWS platform is a beast of a platform and is vast beyond comprehension. So, for a beginner looking to take the AWS solutions architect associate exam it will not be possible to cover all the topics and services related to the AWS platform.

However, one can make one’s best attempt to cover all the core concepts and topics which are most relevant and pertinent to the AWS platform. A candidate for the AWS solutions architect associate exam in particular should keep himself updated on all the most recent advances and developments in the field of AWS.

Which services are tested most frequently on the exam?

1. Amazon EC2 -

This service is used to create virtual machines which are offsite. It is also used to manage things such as ports, security, and storage because of its many features. It allows the users to utilize AWS’ vast computing capabilities on-demand. With a ‘scale as you grow’ philosophy the user is not trapped into an agreement in which they will have to purchase excessive resources from Amazon.
They only have to make use of as many resources as they need. The Amazon EC2 web interface allows the software developers to configure and resize the compute machines to their heart’s content with minimal friction and absolutely no confusion whatsoever. All decent AWS Solutions Architect Associate Certification courses teach how to make use of this service.

2. Amazon RDS -

The full form of Amazon RDS is Amazon Relational Database Service. It is an extremely useful service launched by Amazon. It is used by software developers to create a database with all the features of a full-fledged offline database in a matter of minutes.

The main purpose of Amazon RDS is to set up relational databases in the cloud. These databases can be set up, operated, and scaled very easily and very smoothly. Amazon provides a very seamless and slick interface which is ideal for operating the databases thus created.

The databases are very cost-effective and can be resized very easily. They provide all facilities to carry out administrative tasks such as hardware provisioning, database setup, patching and backups. With the help of these databases, one will be able to give their applications fast performance, high availability, security and compatibility.

3. Amazon S3 -

The full form of Amazon S3 is Amazon Simple Storage Service. It is a service which provides a lot of expediency to software developers in the matter of storage. Software developers can create objects through programming and they can then store those objects which they have coded into the Amazon S3 service.

This service is responsible in a large part for having made AWS the leading cloud services provider in the world. Truly Jeff Bezos must have been inspired by a divine vision when he conceived of this service. This service leads the industry in terms of scalability, data availability, security, and performance.

How difficult is the AWS solutions architect associate exam?

As we have mentioned before, the AWS platform is vast beyond comprehension. It contains multitudes of services and all of them have their own various configuration options and switches. This means that for a candidate who is just starting his journey of becoming a AWS certified solution architect associate it is not possible to master the whole platform immediately.

It will take many years and a lot of practical and hands-on experience before he is able to do so. But the AWS solutions architect associate exam has a very extensive syllabus and is thus prohibitively difficult for the candidates. Its syllabus contains the following domains of knowledge -

• Design Resilient Architectures - 34%
• Define Performant Architecture – 24%
• Specify Secure Applications and Architectures – 24%
• Design Cost-Optimized Architectures – 10%
• Define Operationally Excellent Architectures – 8%

Some tips which will help to clear the exam -

1. Read as many AWS whitepapers as possible -

The AWS whitepapers explain many core concepts of the AWS platform in very technical, precise, and accurate language. For a candidate preparing for the AWS solutions architect associate exam, it is very beneficial to read the whitepapers as they will illuminate many technical and hard to grasp concepts of the AWS platform in a detailed and scientific way.

2. Make use of the process of elimination for multiple correct answers -

On the AWS solutions architect associate exam there will be many questions which will have multiple options. For those questions the candidate should first try to identify and eliminate the incorrect options so that they have to contemplate a fewer number of options while trying to find the correct answer.

3. Try to spot questions which have hints and details about other questions -

Many times, there will be questions on the exam which will contain hints and details pertinent to other questions on the exam. So, the candidate should keep a weather eye out for such questions and read all questions carefully with this aspect of the exam kept in mind firmly. This trick is taught in many AWS Solutions Architect Associate Certification courses.

4. Take an AWS solution architect associate course -

The best way to pass the AWS solutions architect associate exam is to take an AWS solution architect associate course. This will help the candidate because they will be studying under the guidance of seasoned and experienced instructors who will be able to bring their world-class teaching skills and subject matter expertise to bear to make the learners fully prepared for the exam.

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Optimized Solutions: Frequency Counters

During my ongoing journey to become a strong problem solver, I’m quickly learning about the many patterns that can help solve algorithms that may appear as tricky. Take this problem for example:

- Write a function that takes in two arrays
- Each a array has a set of integers
- Return true if each index of the second array
contains the squared values of the first array
- The frequency of the values must be the same
[1, 2, 4], [1, 4, 16] => true
[1, 3, 8], [1, 9] => false

So just by reading this, it’s clear that we definitely need to iterate through the arrays, implement some conditional statements, and return a boolean. Let’s take a brute force approach to this problem before cleaning it up:

const hasSquared = (array1, array2) => {
  if (array1.length !== array2.length) return false;

  for (let i = 0; i < array1.length; i++) {
      const correctIndex = array2.indexOf(array[i] ** 2);
      if (correctIndex == -1) return false;
      array2.splice(correctIndex, 1);
  }
  return true;
}

For this solution, we first check to see if the frequency/length of the arrays are equal. Next, we use **indexOf() **to locate the index of array1’s squared values within the second array. If the index isn’t found then we return false. If we do find an index containing squared values, we splice it from the array and continue looping. We then return **true **once we exit our loop, confirming that **array2 **has the same frequency as **array1 **along with the squared values.

#computer-science #frequency-counter #coding #javascript #algorithms

Complete Guide to Adam Optimization

In the 1940s, mathematical programming was synonymous with optimization. An optimization problem included an objective function that is to be maximized or minimized by choosing input values from an allowed set of values [1].

Nowadays, optimization is a very familiar term in AI. Specifically, in Deep Learning problems. And one of the most recommended optimization algorithms for Deep Learning problems is Adam.

Disclaimer: basic understanding of neural network optimization. Such as Gradient Descent and Stochastic Gradient Descent is preferred before reading.

In this post, I will highlight the following points:

1. Definition of Adam Optimization
2. The Road to Adam
3. The Adam Algorithm for Stochastic Optimization
4. Visual Comparison Between Adam and Other Optimizers
5. Implementation
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Adam
7. Conclusion and Further Reading
8. References

1. Definition of Adam Optimization

The Adam algorithm was first introduced in the paper Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimization [2] by Diederik P. Kingma and Jimmy Ba. Adam is defined as “a method for efficient stochastic optimization that only requires first-order gradients with little memory requirement” [2]. Okay, let’s breakdown this definition into two parts.

First, stochastic optimization is the process of optimizing an objective function in the presence of randomness. To understand this better let’s think of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD). SGD is a great optimizer when we have a lot of data and parameters. Because at each step SGD calculates an estimate of the gradient from a random subset of that data (mini-batch). Unlike Gradient Descent which considers the entire dataset at each step.

#machine-learning #deep-learning #optimization #adam-optimizer #optimization-algorithms

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