1659538823
Audited (previously acts_as_audited) is an ORM extension that logs all changes to your models. Audited can also record who made those changes, save comments and associate models related to the changes.
Audited currently (5.x) works with Rails 7.0, 6.1, 6.0, 5.2, 5.1, and 5.0.
For Rails 4, use gem version 4.x For Rails 3, use gem version 3.0 or see the 3.0-stable branch.
Audited supports and is tested against the following Ruby versions:
Audited may work just fine with a Ruby version not listed above, but we can't guarantee that it will. If you'd like to maintain a Ruby that isn't listed, please let us know with a pull request.
Audited is currently ActiveRecord-only. In a previous life, Audited worked with MongoMapper. Use the 4.2-stable branch if you need MongoMapper.
Add the gem to your Gemfile:
gem "audited", "~> 5.0"
And if you're using require: false
you must add initializers like this:
#./config/initializers/audited.rb
require "audited"
Audited::Railtie.initializers.each(&:run)
Then, from your Rails app directory, create the audits
table:
$ rails generate audited:install
$ rake db:migrate
By default changes are stored in YAML format. If you're using PostgreSQL, then you can use rails generate audited:install --audited-changes-column-type jsonb
(or json
for MySQL 5.7+ and Rails 5+) to store audit changes natively with database JSON column types.
If you're using something other than integer primary keys (e.g. UUID) for your User model, then you can use rails generate audited:install --audited-user-id-column-type uuid
to customize the audits
table user_id
column type.
If you're already using Audited (or acts_as_audited), your audits
table may require additional columns. After every upgrade, please run:
$ rails generate audited:upgrade
$ rake db:migrate
Upgrading will only make changes if changes are needed.
Simply call audited
on your models:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited
end
By default, whenever a user is created, updated or destroyed, a new audit is created.
user = User.create!(name: "Steve")
user.audits.count # => 1
user.update!(name: "Ryan")
user.audits.count # => 2
user.destroy
user.audits.count # => 3
Audits contain information regarding what action was taken on the model and what changes were made.
user.update!(name: "Ryan")
audit = user.audits.last
audit.action # => "update"
audit.audited_changes # => {"name"=>["Steve", "Ryan"]}
You can get previous versions of a record by index or date, or list all revisions.
user.revisions
user.revision(1)
user.revision_at(Date.parse("2016-01-01"))
By default, a new audit is created for any attribute changes. You can, however, limit the columns to be considered.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# All fields
# audited
# Single field
# audited only: :name
# Multiple fields
# audited only: [:name, :address]
# All except certain fields
# audited except: :password
end
By default, a new audit is created for any Create, Update or Destroy action. You can, however, limit the actions audited.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# All fields and actions
# audited
# Single field, only audit Update and Destroy (not Create)
# audited only: :name, on: [:update, :destroy]
end
You can attach comments to each audit using an audit_comment
attribute on your model.
user.update!(name: "Ryan", audit_comment: "Changing name, just because")
user.audits.last.comment # => "Changing name, just because"
You can optionally add the :comment_required
option to your audited
call to require comments for all audits.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited :comment_required => true
end
You can update an audit only if audit_comment is present. You can optionally add the :update_with_comment_only
option set to false
to your audited
call to turn this behavior off for all audits.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited :update_with_comment_only => false
end
You can limit the number of audits stored for your model. To configure limiting for all audited models, put the following in an initializer file (config/initializers/audited.rb
):
Audited.max_audits = 10 # keep only 10 latest audits
or customize per model:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited max_audits: 2
end
Whenever an object is updated or destroyed, extra audits are combined with newer ones and the old ones are destroyed.
user = User.create!(name: "Steve")
user.audits.count # => 1
user.update!(name: "Ryan")
user.audits.count # => 2
user.destroy
user.audits.count # => 2
If you're using Audited in a Rails application, all audited changes made within a request will automatically be attributed to the current user. By default, Audited uses the current_user
method in your controller.
class PostsController < ApplicationController
def create
current_user # => #<User name: "Steve">
@post = Post.create(params[:post])
@post.audits.last.user # => #<User name: "Steve">
end
end
To use a method other than current_user
, put the following in an initializer file (config/initializers/audited.rb
):
Audited.current_user_method = :authenticated_user
Outside of a request, Audited can still record the user with the as_user
method:
Audited.audit_class.as_user(User.find(1)) do
post.update!(title: "Hello, world!")
end
post.audits.last.user # => #<User id: 1>
The standard Audited install assumes your User model has an integer primary key type. If this isn't true (e.g. you're using UUID primary keys), you'll need to create a migration to update the audits
table user_id
column type. (See Installation above for generator flags if you'd like to regenerate the install migration.)
You might need to use a custom auditor from time to time. This can be done by simply passing in a string:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
def authenticated_user
if current_user
current_user
else
'Elon Musk'
end
end
end
as_user
also accepts a string, which can be useful for auditing updates made in a CLI environment:
Audited.audit_class.as_user("console-user-#{ENV['SSH_USER']}") do
post.update_attributes!(title: "Hello, world!")
end
post.audits.last.user # => 'console-user-username'
If you want to set a specific user as the auditor of the commands in a CLI environment, whether that is a string or an ActiveRecord object, you can use the following command:
Audited.store[:audited_user] = "username"
# or
Audited.store[:audited_user] = User.find(1)
Sometimes it's useful to associate an audit with a model other than the one being changed. For instance, given the following models:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :company
audited
end
class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :users
end
Every change to a user is audited, but what if you want to grab all of the audits of users belonging to a particular company? You can add the :associated_with
option to your audited
call:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :company
audited associated_with: :company
end
class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :users
has_associated_audits
end
Now, when an audit is created for a user, that user's company is also saved alongside the audit. This makes it much easier (and faster) to access audits indirectly related to a company.
company = Company.create!(name: "Collective Idea")
user = company.users.create!(name: "Steve")
user.update!(name: "Steve Richert")
user.audits.last.associated # => #<Company name: "Collective Idea">
company.associated_audits.last.auditable # => #<User name: "Steve Richert">
You can access records' own audits and associated audits in one go:
company.own_and_associated_audits
If you want to audit only under specific conditions, you can provide conditional options (similar to ActiveModel callbacks) that will ensure your model is only audited for these conditions.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited if: :active?
private
def active?
last_login > 6.months.ago
end
end
Just like in ActiveModel, you can use an inline Proc in your conditions:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited unless: Proc.new { |u| u.ninja? }
end
In the above case, the user will only be audited when User#ninja
is false
.
If you want to disable auditing temporarily doing certain tasks, there are a few methods available.
To disable auditing on a save:
@user.save_without_auditing
or:
@user.without_auditing do
@user.save
end
To disable auditing on a column:
User.non_audited_columns = [:first_name, :last_name]
To disable auditing on an entire model:
User.auditing_enabled = false
To disable auditing on all models:
Audited.auditing_enabled = false
If you have auditing disabled by default on your model you can enable auditing temporarily.
User.auditing_enabled = false
@user.save_with_auditing
or:
User.auditing_enabled = false
@user.with_auditing do
@user.save
end
Audit
modelIf you want to extend or modify the audit model, create a new class that inherits from Audited::Audit
:
class CustomAudit < Audited::Audit
def some_custom_behavior
"Hiya!"
end
end
Then set it in an initializer:
# config/initializers/audited.rb
Audited.config do |config|
config.audit_class = CustomAudit
end
In 4.10, the default behavior for enums changed from storing the value synthesized by Rails to the value stored in the DB. You can restore the previous behavior by setting the store_synthesized_enums configuration value:
# config/initializers/audited.rb
Audited.store_synthesized_enums = true
You can find documentation at: http://rdoc.info/github/collectiveidea/audited
Or join the mailing list to get help or offer suggestions.
In the spirit of free software, everyone is encouraged to help improve this project. Here are a few ways you can pitch in:
Author: collectiveidea
Source code: https://github.com/collectiveidea/audited
License: MIT license
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1659538823
Audited (previously acts_as_audited) is an ORM extension that logs all changes to your models. Audited can also record who made those changes, save comments and associate models related to the changes.
Audited currently (5.x) works with Rails 7.0, 6.1, 6.0, 5.2, 5.1, and 5.0.
For Rails 4, use gem version 4.x For Rails 3, use gem version 3.0 or see the 3.0-stable branch.
Audited supports and is tested against the following Ruby versions:
Audited may work just fine with a Ruby version not listed above, but we can't guarantee that it will. If you'd like to maintain a Ruby that isn't listed, please let us know with a pull request.
Audited is currently ActiveRecord-only. In a previous life, Audited worked with MongoMapper. Use the 4.2-stable branch if you need MongoMapper.
Add the gem to your Gemfile:
gem "audited", "~> 5.0"
And if you're using require: false
you must add initializers like this:
#./config/initializers/audited.rb
require "audited"
Audited::Railtie.initializers.each(&:run)
Then, from your Rails app directory, create the audits
table:
$ rails generate audited:install
$ rake db:migrate
By default changes are stored in YAML format. If you're using PostgreSQL, then you can use rails generate audited:install --audited-changes-column-type jsonb
(or json
for MySQL 5.7+ and Rails 5+) to store audit changes natively with database JSON column types.
If you're using something other than integer primary keys (e.g. UUID) for your User model, then you can use rails generate audited:install --audited-user-id-column-type uuid
to customize the audits
table user_id
column type.
If you're already using Audited (or acts_as_audited), your audits
table may require additional columns. After every upgrade, please run:
$ rails generate audited:upgrade
$ rake db:migrate
Upgrading will only make changes if changes are needed.
Simply call audited
on your models:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited
end
By default, whenever a user is created, updated or destroyed, a new audit is created.
user = User.create!(name: "Steve")
user.audits.count # => 1
user.update!(name: "Ryan")
user.audits.count # => 2
user.destroy
user.audits.count # => 3
Audits contain information regarding what action was taken on the model and what changes were made.
user.update!(name: "Ryan")
audit = user.audits.last
audit.action # => "update"
audit.audited_changes # => {"name"=>["Steve", "Ryan"]}
You can get previous versions of a record by index or date, or list all revisions.
user.revisions
user.revision(1)
user.revision_at(Date.parse("2016-01-01"))
By default, a new audit is created for any attribute changes. You can, however, limit the columns to be considered.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# All fields
# audited
# Single field
# audited only: :name
# Multiple fields
# audited only: [:name, :address]
# All except certain fields
# audited except: :password
end
By default, a new audit is created for any Create, Update or Destroy action. You can, however, limit the actions audited.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
# All fields and actions
# audited
# Single field, only audit Update and Destroy (not Create)
# audited only: :name, on: [:update, :destroy]
end
You can attach comments to each audit using an audit_comment
attribute on your model.
user.update!(name: "Ryan", audit_comment: "Changing name, just because")
user.audits.last.comment # => "Changing name, just because"
You can optionally add the :comment_required
option to your audited
call to require comments for all audits.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited :comment_required => true
end
You can update an audit only if audit_comment is present. You can optionally add the :update_with_comment_only
option set to false
to your audited
call to turn this behavior off for all audits.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited :update_with_comment_only => false
end
You can limit the number of audits stored for your model. To configure limiting for all audited models, put the following in an initializer file (config/initializers/audited.rb
):
Audited.max_audits = 10 # keep only 10 latest audits
or customize per model:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited max_audits: 2
end
Whenever an object is updated or destroyed, extra audits are combined with newer ones and the old ones are destroyed.
user = User.create!(name: "Steve")
user.audits.count # => 1
user.update!(name: "Ryan")
user.audits.count # => 2
user.destroy
user.audits.count # => 2
If you're using Audited in a Rails application, all audited changes made within a request will automatically be attributed to the current user. By default, Audited uses the current_user
method in your controller.
class PostsController < ApplicationController
def create
current_user # => #<User name: "Steve">
@post = Post.create(params[:post])
@post.audits.last.user # => #<User name: "Steve">
end
end
To use a method other than current_user
, put the following in an initializer file (config/initializers/audited.rb
):
Audited.current_user_method = :authenticated_user
Outside of a request, Audited can still record the user with the as_user
method:
Audited.audit_class.as_user(User.find(1)) do
post.update!(title: "Hello, world!")
end
post.audits.last.user # => #<User id: 1>
The standard Audited install assumes your User model has an integer primary key type. If this isn't true (e.g. you're using UUID primary keys), you'll need to create a migration to update the audits
table user_id
column type. (See Installation above for generator flags if you'd like to regenerate the install migration.)
You might need to use a custom auditor from time to time. This can be done by simply passing in a string:
class ApplicationController < ActionController::Base
def authenticated_user
if current_user
current_user
else
'Elon Musk'
end
end
end
as_user
also accepts a string, which can be useful for auditing updates made in a CLI environment:
Audited.audit_class.as_user("console-user-#{ENV['SSH_USER']}") do
post.update_attributes!(title: "Hello, world!")
end
post.audits.last.user # => 'console-user-username'
If you want to set a specific user as the auditor of the commands in a CLI environment, whether that is a string or an ActiveRecord object, you can use the following command:
Audited.store[:audited_user] = "username"
# or
Audited.store[:audited_user] = User.find(1)
Sometimes it's useful to associate an audit with a model other than the one being changed. For instance, given the following models:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :company
audited
end
class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :users
end
Every change to a user is audited, but what if you want to grab all of the audits of users belonging to a particular company? You can add the :associated_with
option to your audited
call:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
belongs_to :company
audited associated_with: :company
end
class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
has_many :users
has_associated_audits
end
Now, when an audit is created for a user, that user's company is also saved alongside the audit. This makes it much easier (and faster) to access audits indirectly related to a company.
company = Company.create!(name: "Collective Idea")
user = company.users.create!(name: "Steve")
user.update!(name: "Steve Richert")
user.audits.last.associated # => #<Company name: "Collective Idea">
company.associated_audits.last.auditable # => #<User name: "Steve Richert">
You can access records' own audits and associated audits in one go:
company.own_and_associated_audits
If you want to audit only under specific conditions, you can provide conditional options (similar to ActiveModel callbacks) that will ensure your model is only audited for these conditions.
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited if: :active?
private
def active?
last_login > 6.months.ago
end
end
Just like in ActiveModel, you can use an inline Proc in your conditions:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
audited unless: Proc.new { |u| u.ninja? }
end
In the above case, the user will only be audited when User#ninja
is false
.
If you want to disable auditing temporarily doing certain tasks, there are a few methods available.
To disable auditing on a save:
@user.save_without_auditing
or:
@user.without_auditing do
@user.save
end
To disable auditing on a column:
User.non_audited_columns = [:first_name, :last_name]
To disable auditing on an entire model:
User.auditing_enabled = false
To disable auditing on all models:
Audited.auditing_enabled = false
If you have auditing disabled by default on your model you can enable auditing temporarily.
User.auditing_enabled = false
@user.save_with_auditing
or:
User.auditing_enabled = false
@user.with_auditing do
@user.save
end
Audit
modelIf you want to extend or modify the audit model, create a new class that inherits from Audited::Audit
:
class CustomAudit < Audited::Audit
def some_custom_behavior
"Hiya!"
end
end
Then set it in an initializer:
# config/initializers/audited.rb
Audited.config do |config|
config.audit_class = CustomAudit
end
In 4.10, the default behavior for enums changed from storing the value synthesized by Rails to the value stored in the DB. You can restore the previous behavior by setting the store_synthesized_enums configuration value:
# config/initializers/audited.rb
Audited.store_synthesized_enums = true
You can find documentation at: http://rdoc.info/github/collectiveidea/audited
Or join the mailing list to get help or offer suggestions.
In the spirit of free software, everyone is encouraged to help improve this project. Here are a few ways you can pitch in:
Author: collectiveidea
Source code: https://github.com/collectiveidea/audited
License: MIT license
1598839653
Due to the inability to generate a well-defined way to authenticate rails API, I have sourced out this information in order to help me and you have a way of authenticating our rails API token. This tutorial would be based on the latest version (6.0) of Ruby on Rails.
In getting this set up as well as up and doing, the few steps through which the processes would be implemented are listed below:
Step 1:
We would need to, first of all, generate a new rails app as we embark on the journey. Follow the example given below:
$ rails new sample-app --api -d=postgresql -T
$ cd sample-app
$ rails db:create
$ rails db:migrate
Step 2:
In order to gain access to the API, we would need to uncomment or remove Cors gems as that serves as permission into gaining access to the API
gem “rack-cors”
After uncommented the gem ‘rack-cors’ then we run this command below
$ bundle install
#ruby-on-rails #rails #rails-api #knock-gem #ruby #software-development #rails-only-api
1599568900
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1618576835
Rails is a server-side web application development framework written in the Ruby programming language. Its emergence in 2005 has influenced and impacted web application development to a vast range, including but not limited to seamless database tables, migrations, and scaffolding of views. In the simplest understanding, Rails is a highly productive and intuitive software developer.
Websites and applications of any complexity can be achieved with Ruby on Rails. The software is designed to perceive the needs of ruby on rails developers and encourage them with the best way out. It is designed to allow developers to write lesser code while spiking productivity much more than any other framework or language. Ruby on Rails rapid application development offers everyday web development tasks easier and uniquely out-of-the-box, both with the same effectiveness.
The Ruby on Rails framework is based on two philosophies:
Some of the commonly known websites built by the Ruby on Rails software developers are Instacart, Scribd, Shopify, Github, ConvertKit, Soundcloud, GoodReads, Airbnb. It finds its application in Sa-as Solutions, Social Networking Platforms, Dating websites, Stock Exchange Platforms, etc.
Read more: Why Ruby on Rails is Perfect for eCommerce Web Development
There is a large community that is dedicated to Ruby on Rails that keeps it up-to-date and indeed encourages its family of developers to continue using it. They make sure the benefits are soaring with every update they make.
The community is committed to developing several ready-to-use code packages, commonly known as gems, for its users. They discuss and announce new project launches, help each other with queries, and engage in framework discussions and betterment. While Ruby on Rails helps developers in rapid application development, it also connects and grows businesses together.
To talk about scalability, we indicate the ability to grow and manage more and more user requests per minute (RPM). However, this depends on the architecture rather than the framework. The right architecture of Ruby on Rails web application development allows it to write bulky codes and programs as compared to early-stage difficulties with scalability.
It uses the Representational State Transfer (REST) architecture. This will enable Rails to create efficient web applications based on Rails 6, launched last year in 2020, which addresses most scalability issues. The portable components are agile and help in a better understanding of new requirements and needful adaptations for any business. The framework and architecture allow both vertical and horizontal scalability.
Fast Application Development and Cost Effectiveness
Ruby on Rails is lucid, logical, and has lean code requirements, thereby cutting down redundancy and improving the overall development speed. Lesser amount of code is proportional to lesser time investment with optimal results. The more time it takes for development, the more expensive it becomes for the end customers.
Considering the ready-made code modules/packages (gems) available, Ruby on Rails development company will less time and money are spent creating and modifying Rails websites and applications. Another advantage that has made Ruby on Rails super attractive for startups is its use of Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture. It has a component separation scheme that speeds up the web development process and fixes any errors that occur.
Rails framework and the Ruby on Rails community put in a lot of efforts for data protection and security of its customer base. It is also one of the efficient frameworks for developing database-backed applications.
The developers at Ruby on Rails cover many aspects of cybersecurity, including encryptions of passwords, credit card information, and users’ personal database. Special measures are taken to prevent the framework from SQL injections and XSS attacks.
Ruby on Rails simplifies the daily operations and lowers the cost of enterprise app developments. The prominent features include data management, seamless updating of applications, easy and efficient code development, and high scalability, as discussed above.
Ruby on Rails enterprise application development is preferred by companies and is slightly cost-intensive. It can be easily integrated with third-party apps like Oracle Business, Oracle, Windows services, and others. Ruby enterprise app development allows the developers and programmers to solve the problems at the root level, given its transparency.
Checkout Blog on Django vs Ruby on Rails Comparison
There are several reasons to prefer Ruby on Rails discussed above and extend further to early detection of errors, reduced time to market, and easy adaptation for API developments. It makes web programming much easier and simplifies website building of any complexity. Its flexibility and acceptance among new developers and programmers make it the perfect, one-stop choice for software application development company in 2021.
Source: https://techsite.io/p/2121044
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