1571719546

The Best Front-End Framework You Must Know

Frameworks are a very powerful tool in the development of modern web and mobile applications. Just think about sites and apps like Facebook, Netflix, and Instagram for example. It’s exactly frameworks that are responsible for their uninterrupted operation by providing and giving their users a complete experience.

We can define a framework, most simply, as a large number of pre-built components which give developers the ability to expand and customize them depending on the application they make. Most frameworks have source language JavaScript.

Bearing in mind, above all, the continuous technological development, the needs of the users of the web and mobile applications, and the tendency of the front-end developers to enable them, the topic of this article is the most popular framework. In this article, I analyze the six best frameworks according to their performances and popularity.

1. React.js

React is a JavaScript component-based library with JSX syntax.

Facebook software engineer Jordan Walke created the prototype for React in response to common problems in the work of the Facebook app caused by an expansion of the network. Officially, its first application by Facebook gets in 2011 and two years after that, 2013, it becomes an open-source library.

The main characteristic of React is a virtual DOM, but necessary to mention that it is 1-way data binding. Thanks to the virtual DOM characteristic, React is characterized by exceptional performance.

From the aspect of the level of difficulty, React is one of the easiest to learn, especially compared to Angular.

Where is it used?

React focuses on building a UI of a single page web app (SAP) and mobile app. Since React is a library, it is necessary to include several other libraries for the development of more complex applications, from which I would specify Redux and React Router. Also, React Native is an additional platform for building high-quality iOS and Android App.

Known for its high-performance, React has proved extremely demanding for applications that require dynamics, often upgrades and updates. That’s enough to say about React because Instagram implemented it after Facebook.

How popular it is?

When it comes to React’s popularity, I will look at GitHub statistics. According to current data, it has 122,529 stars, and in the past year, the average growth of stars per day is 93.
This library became popular and widely accepted in a relatively short time. For sure it represents a trend and, the community is rapidly growing.

Big projects/companies that use?

Except for the company I mentioned before, React is the choice of Netflix, New York Times, Yahoo! Mail, Vivaldi Browser, Dropbox, PayPal, Pinterest, Timber, Uber, and many other apps.

Pros

Maintained by Facebook,
The community is constantly evolving,
Virtual DOM,
Hight performance,
Suitable for applications with high traffic,
Often updated,

Cons

Not SEO friendly,
Needs other libraries to build more complex applications,

2. Angular

Extremely popular framework Angular is the only one on this list whose source language is TypeScript.

The Google team developed it to upgrade the earlier version of AngularJS. In the focus of development, on the one hand, there was the fulfillment of modern demands, talking about technology, and, on the other hand, the tendency to combine the concepts that best showed in practice. With this framework, the Google team has undoubtedly set standards in this sphere. They published the first version of Angular (v2) in 2016. Before that, in 2014 and 2015 were released alpha and beta.

Angular is a component-based framework, but unlike React, it is a 2-way data binding.

Learning Angular is difficult although the documentation and community are very numerous. The documentation is even more confusing, especially for beginners.

Where is it used?

Angular is used to develop web and mobile apps. In addition to the standard use of a single page app with the proper library, like for example Universal, it is possible to create a multi-page app. As regards mobile applications, they committed Google to give users with an exceptional Ionic platform focused on the development of the Native app and Progressive Web Applications.

How popular is it?

At GitHub Angular, there are 45,376 stars at the moment, and in the past year, the average number of stars per day is 33. An interesting fact is that the number of stars is falling in comparison with the React that is growing. Angular has been extremely popular in the programming community for many years and now has the largest one.

Big projects/companies that use it?

Apart from Google, Angular also uses Microsoft Office Home, Forbes, Blender Video, Xbox, Santander Bank, and BMW.

Pros

Strong community,
2-way data binding,
Simple single page app,
Shadow DOM,
Typescript,

Cons

Complex and not easy to learn,
Must learn Typescript,

3. AngularJS

AngularJS comes from the earlier described Angular which source language is JavaScript. So, AngularJS is the first version that was developed by two exceptional developers Misko Hevery and Adam Abrons, published in 2009. With its appearance, AngularJS quickly gained popularity in professional web development. This framework is a 2-way data binding.

The fundamental difference between this framework and the earlier one is for sure in the source language, but also in the characteristics and purposes. They did not base AngularJS on today’s concept of a modern framework but are undoubtedly responsible for the development of the same, Angular.

Also, AngularJS has an MVC (Model – View – Controller) architecture.

Where is it used?

AngularJS is primarily designed to build dynamic web applications. Suitable for single-page applications. However, it does not support the construe of mobile apps as its successor.

How popular is it?

This framework has a total of 59,379 stars on GitHub. The annual average falls so that the star rating per day is about 3.7. It is a standard case of circumstance if we consider the appearance of Angular, which is a significantly improved version.

Big projects/companies that use it?

Some of the companies, or sites, that are built with AngularJS are Google Gmail, Upwork, The Guardian, HBO, Sony, General Motors, Weather.

Pros

JavaScript friendly compared to Angular
2-way data binding,
Fast development,
Highly testable applications

Cons

Difficult to learn,
Old version,
Low popularity,

4. Vue.js

Another framework that has gained immense popularity lately is Vue.js. Vue does not have the support of large companies, unlike the previous ones, and was developed by Evan You, the man who took part in the development of AngularJS. First launched in 2014.

Vue is a component-based and visual DOM, which makes it very fast. Another important feature is that it has a significantly smaller size, compared to React and Angular. Also, this framework is 2-way-binding.

What makes Vue unique and what I need to emphasize, it is one of the most straightforward JavaScript frameworks. His creator’s efforts to make it as simpler as possible influenced this, to change the complex concept that AngularJS has. Vue is a beginner-friendly with detailed documentation and a growing community.

How popular is it?

It is fascinating that Vue is becoming a trend in the front-end development community without the names of large and well-known companies behind it. A simple structure and ease of integration must undoubtedly overwrite his popularity.

Statistically, Vue has 128,158 stars on GitHub and 121 stars/year and its community are growing every day. At the time of writing the article at the daily level, he had 102 stars.

Where is it used?

This framework has a wide purpose, from web applications to mobile and PWA. Similar to React it is suitable for different types of projects, from simple single page applications to the more complex and dynamic ones. Mainly uses Weex framework to develop a mobile app. Except for the high performance and simplicity that its main features, Vue has the support of numerous components that further increase its potential.

Big projects/companies that use it?

Vue.js is used among others in apps like Xiaomi, Alibaba, Gitlab, Laracasts, Reuters, 9gag.

Pros

Beginner friendly,
Popularity and community are rapidly growing,
Simply syntax,
Flexibility,
Typescript support,
Hight performance,

Cons

It is not maintained by well-known companies like Google,
The youngest is from all frameworks,
Being too flexible in structure can be problematic,

5. jQuery

I’m sure that almost everybody is familiar with jQuery, a library that has greatly facilitated JavaScript work. John Resig developed it and published in 2006, which puts it in the oldest front-end library compared to others on this list. Regardless of this, its use is still impressive today. One of the reasons we use jQuery for many years is its simplicity and minimalization in writing JavaScript code.

Unlike other frameworks and libraries, jQuery is totally beginner-friendly.

How popular is it?

The total number of stars on GitHub is 50,928. The growth of the stars per day is constant over the year, about 8, and there are not many fluctuations. A community is enormous, and for many years in a lot of questions about the problems you can encounter during work, there are already answers.

Where is it used?

The purpose of jQuery is not like other analyzed frameworks because jQuery is primarily a library. The essence of its use is DOM and CSS manipulation, and it is mainly focused on the interactivity and functionality of the website.

Communication with server data can be accomplished by using the jQuery Ajax method. I must note that as the application grows, this library can be able to complicate the development process of the same and result in poorer performance.

However, although jQuery is not intended to build a mobile app, it has got a new characteristic from the jQuery Mobile framework. This framework has expanded the boundaries of its use, adapted to modern requirements, but still in a far smaller percentage compared to, for example, React or Vue. Another important thing is that jQuery is abundant with plug-ins which can be of great help during your work.

What makes jQuery special, compares to other frameworks and libraries, is that this library is compatible with all browsers. Unlike it, it’s often the case that other frameworks are developing quite quickly and therefore are not supported by all browsers.

Big projects/companies that use it?

Some companies that use jQuery are Twitter, Microsoft, Uber, Kickstarter, Pandora, SurveyMonkey.

Pros

Beginner friendly,
Compatible with all browsers,
Ease of use,
A lot of plugins,
Big community,

Cons

jQuery can be very slow,
It is not intended to develop more complex projects,
Not intended to develop mobile applications,

6. Ember.js

Another JavaScript framework that, because of its characteristics, deserves to be on this list is Ember. It is a component-based and 2-way-binding like Angular. Created by Yehuda Katz and published in 2011.

When we talk about the weight of learning, Ember is one of the harder frameworks to master, it’s not a flexible structure, and you will have to spend a lot of time (this is especially true for beginners). Its architecture is amazing. The thing I have to mention about the learning process itself is that Ember has one of the best documentation, which I believe can be of great help.

How popular is it?

According to GitHub statistics, Ember has 20,637 stars and in the past year, the average growth of stars per day is 5.

Although it has never gained popularity such as Vue, some experienced developers appreciate Ember who has met with him except other frameworks as well.

Where is it used?

Like other frameworks and Ember is adapted to modern technological needs. They intend it for developing web applications and mobile app. Cordova framework is most used to create mobile applications.

Compared to other frameworks, Ember is designed to fulfill the demands of very complex web applications. But, it may not be the best choice due to slow rendering.

Big projects/companies that use it?

Companies using Ember are LinkedIn, Yahoo!, Microsoft, Apple, Netflix, Skylight and others.

Pros

2-way-binding,
One of the best architectures,
Suitable to develop complex applications,

Cons

Difficult to learn,
A small community,

7. Backbone.js

Very small, organized and efficient JavaScript library. That’s Backbone.

Jeremy Ashkenas created this library and published in 2010. Backbone doesn’t provide data binding, and creators base its organization on the MVC principle.
Since this is a library, learning is quite simple, especially with the extensive documentation it has.

How popular is it?

When appearing to frameworks, Backbone has significantly declined popularity. It has 27,284 stars at the moment and per year it gets a one star.

Where is it used?

Although not too popular, Backbone can have extraordinary applications for small and simple web apps. Backbone is not intended for large applications because in this case, the performance is low.

Big projects/companies that use it?

Companies who use Backbone are LinkedIn Mobile, Pandora, AudioVroom.

Pros

Beginner friendly,
Good choice for a small app,
Organized,
Clean,

Cons

It’s not a good choice for a big app,
Popularity declined with emerge of frameworks,

The ranking of the frameworks with the highest amount of jobs

React.js – 8,203
Angular – 2,082
jQuery – 1,795
AngularJS – 830
Vue.js – 370
Ember.js – 170
Backbone.js – 46

The rank of the languages with the highest salary

To estimate the most paid technology we have taken the median salary for the last six months.

React.js – $62k
Angular – $59k
AngularJS – $59k
Backbone.js – $59k
Ember.js – $54k
Vue.js – $53k
jQuery – $50k

The easy to learn rank

jQuery
Backbone.js
Vue.js
React.js
Angular
AngularJS
Ember.js

The selection and evaluation of the framework most depend on what kind of problem you want to solve. For example, if you need only a simple single-page application, Angular is the right choice. However, if we talk about the more demanding, then this is React. You should remember that, for example, Angular, Vue, and Ember are complete libraries while React becomes complete when including other libraries.

In the field of mobile application development, PWA is slowly occupying the Native app site, primarily because of its effectiveness. jQuery, Backbone, and AngularJS cannot compete Angular, React, Vue and Ember in this sphere. However, although they do not follow modern trends, they have their advantages, especially jQuery, which is still widely used today.

When it comes to a high amount of job and highest salary React and Angular developers are now the most paid and the most wanted, but it’s a matter of moments when Vue will reach their level. Vue is unique because it is very similar to Angular but far more straightforward and is the right choice for beginners. Another important thing about Vue. If you have followed the statistics of popularity, it has surpassed both Angular and React and, unlike them, it was not created by large companies. So, I think this fact is significant for the estimation and quality of the framework itself.

Winner: React and Vue

#web-development #javascript #react #vue #angular

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

The Best Front-End Framework You Must Know

Guru Technolabs

1626691849

That’s a very good information. If anyone have questions like when to choose a framework, and when to avoid using it. you can read this blog

Hermann Frami

1651383480

A Simple Wrapper Around Amplify AppSync Simulator

This serverless plugin is a wrapper for amplify-appsync-simulator made for testing AppSync APIs built with serverless-appsync-plugin.

Install

npm install serverless-appsync-simulator
# or
yarn add serverless-appsync-simulator

Usage

This plugin relies on your serverless yml file and on the serverless-offline plugin.

plugins:
  - serverless-dynamodb-local # only if you need dynamodb resolvers and you don't have an external dynamodb
  - serverless-appsync-simulator
  - serverless-offline

Note: Order is important serverless-appsync-simulator must go before serverless-offline

To start the simulator, run the following command:

sls offline start

You should see in the logs something like:

...
Serverless: AppSync endpoint: http://localhost:20002/graphql
Serverless: GraphiQl: http://localhost:20002
...

Configuration

Put options under custom.appsync-simulator in your serverless.yml file

| option | default | description | | ------------------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | | apiKey | 0123456789 | When using API_KEY as authentication type, the key to authenticate to the endpoint. | | port | 20002 | AppSync operations port; if using multiple APIs, the value of this option will be used as a starting point, and each other API will have a port of lastPort + 10 (e.g. 20002, 20012, 20022, etc.) | | wsPort | 20003 | AppSync subscriptions port; if using multiple APIs, the value of this option will be used as a starting point, and each other API will have a port of lastPort + 10 (e.g. 20003, 20013, 20023, etc.) | | location | . (base directory) | Location of the lambda functions handlers. | | refMap | {} | A mapping of resource resolutions for the Ref function | | getAttMap | {} | A mapping of resource resolutions for the GetAtt function | | importValueMap | {} | A mapping of resource resolutions for the ImportValue function | | functions | {} | A mapping of external functions for providing invoke url for external fucntions | | dynamoDb.endpoint | http://localhost:8000 | Dynamodb endpoint. Specify it if you're not using serverless-dynamodb-local. Otherwise, port is taken from dynamodb-local conf | | dynamoDb.region | localhost | Dynamodb region. Specify it if you're connecting to a remote Dynamodb intance. | | dynamoDb.accessKeyId | DEFAULT_ACCESS_KEY | AWS Access Key ID to access DynamoDB | | dynamoDb.secretAccessKey | DEFAULT_SECRET | AWS Secret Key to access DynamoDB | | dynamoDb.sessionToken | DEFAULT_ACCESS_TOKEEN | AWS Session Token to access DynamoDB, only if you have temporary security credentials configured on AWS | | dynamoDb.* | | You can add every configuration accepted by DynamoDB SDK | | rds.dbName | | Name of the database | | rds.dbHost | | Database host | | rds.dbDialect | | Database dialect. Possible values (mysql | postgres) | | rds.dbUsername | | Database username | | rds.dbPassword | | Database password | | rds.dbPort | | Database port | | watch | - *.graphql
- *.vtl | Array of glob patterns to watch for hot-reloading. |

Example:

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    location: '.webpack/service' # use webpack build directory
    dynamoDb:
      endpoint: 'http://my-custom-dynamo:8000'

Hot-reloading

By default, the simulator will hot-relad when changes to *.graphql or *.vtl files are detected. Changes to *.yml files are not supported (yet? - this is a Serverless Framework limitation). You will need to restart the simulator each time you change yml files.

Hot-reloading relies on watchman. Make sure it is installed on your system.

You can change the files being watched with the watch option, which is then passed to watchman as the match expression.

e.g.

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    watch:
      - ["match", "handlers/**/*.vtl", "wholename"] # => array is interpreted as the literal match expression
      - "*.graphql"                                 # => string like this is equivalent to `["match", "*.graphql"]`

Or you can opt-out by leaving an empty array or set the option to false

Note: Functions should not require hot-reloading, unless you are using a transpiler or a bundler (such as webpack, babel or typescript), un which case you should delegate hot-reloading to that instead.

Resource CloudFormation functions resolution

This plugin supports some resources resolution from the Ref, Fn::GetAtt and Fn::ImportValue functions in your yaml file. It also supports some other Cfn functions such as Fn::Join, Fb::Sub, etc.

Note: Under the hood, this features relies on the cfn-resolver-lib package. For more info on supported cfn functions, refer to the documentation

Basic usage

You can reference resources in your functions' environment variables (that will be accessible from your lambda functions) or datasource definitions. The plugin will automatically resolve them for you.

provider:
  environment:
    BUCKET_NAME:
      Ref: MyBucket # resolves to `my-bucket-name`

resources:
  Resources:
    MyDbTable:
      Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
      Properties:
        TableName: myTable
      ...
    MyBucket:
      Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
      Properties:
        BucketName: my-bucket-name
    ...

# in your appsync config
dataSources:
  - type: AMAZON_DYNAMODB
    name: dynamosource
    config:
      tableName:
        Ref: MyDbTable # resolves to `myTable`

Override (or mock) values

Sometimes, some references cannot be resolved, as they come from an Output from Cloudformation; or you might want to use mocked values in your local environment.

In those cases, you can define (or override) those values using the refMap, getAttMap and importValueMap options.

refMap takes a mapping of resource name to value pairs
getAttMap takes a mapping of resource name to attribute/values pairs
importValueMap takes a mapping of import name to values pairs

Example:

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    refMap:
      # Override `MyDbTable` resolution from the previous example.
      MyDbTable: 'mock-myTable'
    getAttMap:
      # define ElasticSearchInstance DomainName
      ElasticSearchInstance:
        DomainEndpoint: 'localhost:9200'
    importValueMap:
      other-service-api-url: 'https://other.api.url.com/graphql'

# in your appsync config
dataSources:
  - type: AMAZON_ELASTICSEARCH
    name: elasticsource
    config:
      # endpoint resolves as 'http://localhost:9200'
      endpoint:
        Fn::Join:
          - ''
          - - https://
            - Fn::GetAtt:
                - ElasticSearchInstance
                - DomainEndpoint

Key-value mock notation

In some special cases you will need to use key-value mock nottation. Good example can be case when you need to include serverless stage value (${self:provider.stage}) in the import name.

This notation can be used with all mocks - refMap, getAttMap and importValueMap

provider:
  environment:
    FINISH_ACTIVITY_FUNCTION_ARN:
      Fn::ImportValue: other-service-api-${self:provider.stage}-url

custom:
  serverless-appsync-simulator:
    importValueMap:
      - key: other-service-api-${self:provider.stage}-url
        value: 'https://other.api.url.com/graphql'

Limitations

This plugin only tries to resolve the following parts of the yml tree:

provider.environment
functions[*].environment
custom.appSync

If you have the need of resolving others, feel free to open an issue and explain your use case.

For now, the supported resources to be automatically resovled by Ref: are:

DynamoDb tables
S3 Buckets

Feel free to open a PR or an issue to extend them as well.

External functions

When a function is not defined withing the current serverless file you can still call it by providing an invoke url which should point to a REST method. Make sure you specify "get" or "post" for the method. Default is "get", but you probably want "post".

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    functions:
      addUser:
        url: http://localhost:3016/2015-03-31/functions/addUser/invocations
        method: post
      addPost:
        url: https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts
        method: post

Supported Resolver types

This plugin supports resolvers implemented by amplify-appsync-simulator, as well as custom resolvers.

From Aws Amplify:

NONE
AWS_LAMBDA
AMAZON_DYNAMODB
PIPELINE

Implemented by this plugin

AMAZON_ELASTIC_SEARCH
HTTP
RELATIONAL_DATABASE

Relational Database

Sample VTL for a create mutation

#set( $cols = [] )
#set( $vals = [] )
#foreach( $entry in $ctx.args.input.keySet() )
  #set( $regex = "([a-z])([A-Z]+)")
  #set( $replacement = "$1_$2")
  #set( $toSnake = $entry.replaceAll($regex, $replacement).toLowerCase() )
  #set( $discard = $cols.add("$toSnake") )
  #if( $util.isBoolean($ctx.args.input[$entry]) )
      #if( $ctx.args.input[$entry] )
        #set( $discard = $vals.add("1") )
      #else
        #set( $discard = $vals.add("0") )
      #end
  #else
      #set( $discard = $vals.add("'$ctx.args.input[$entry]'") )
  #end
#end
#set( $valStr = $vals.toString().replace("[","(").replace("]",")") )
#set( $colStr = $cols.toString().replace("[","(").replace("]",")") )
#if ( $valStr.substring(0, 1) != '(' )
  #set( $valStr = "($valStr)" )
#end
#if ( $colStr.substring(0, 1) != '(' )
  #set( $colStr = "($colStr)" )
#end
{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   ["INSERT INTO <name-of-table> $colStr VALUES $valStr", "SELECT * FROM    <name-of-table> ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1"]
}

Sample VTL for an update mutation

#set( $update = "" )
#set( $equals = "=" )
#foreach( $entry in $ctx.args.input.keySet() )
  #set( $cur = $ctx.args.input[$entry] )
  #set( $regex = "([a-z])([A-Z]+)")
  #set( $replacement = "$1_$2")
  #set( $toSnake = $entry.replaceAll($regex, $replacement).toLowerCase() )
  #if( $util.isBoolean($cur) )
      #if( $cur )
        #set ( $cur = "1" )
      #else
        #set ( $cur = "0" )
      #end
  #end
  #if ( $util.isNullOrEmpty($update) )
      #set($update = "$toSnake$equals'$cur'" )
  #else
      #set($update = "$update,$toSnake$equals'$cur'" )
  #end
#end
{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   ["UPDATE <name-of-table> SET $update WHERE id=$ctx.args.input.id", "SELECT * FROM <name-of-table> WHERE id=$ctx.args.input.id"]
}

Sample resolver for delete mutation

{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   ["UPDATE <name-of-table> set deleted_at=NOW() WHERE id=$ctx.args.id", "SELECT * FROM <name-of-table> WHERE id=$ctx.args.id"]
}

Sample mutation response VTL with support for handling AWSDateTime

#set ( $index = -1)
#set ( $result = $util.parseJson($ctx.result) )
#set ( $meta = $result.sqlStatementResults[1].columnMetadata)
#foreach ($column in $meta)
    #set ($index = $index + 1)
    #if ( $column["typeName"] == "timestamptz" )
        #set ($time = $result["sqlStatementResults"][1]["records"][0][$index]["stringValue"] )
        #set ( $nowEpochMillis = $util.time.parseFormattedToEpochMilliSeconds("$time.substring(0,19)+0000", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssZ") )
        #set ( $isoDateTime = $util.time.epochMilliSecondsToISO8601($nowEpochMillis) )
        $util.qr( $result["sqlStatementResults"][1]["records"][0][$index].put("stringValue", "$isoDateTime") )
    #end
#end
#set ( $res = $util.parseJson($util.rds.toJsonString($util.toJson($result)))[1][0] )
#set ( $response = {} )
#foreach($mapKey in $res.keySet())
    #set ( $s = $mapKey.split("_") )
    #set ( $camelCase="" )
    #set ( $isFirst=true )
    #foreach($entry in $s)
        #if ( $isFirst )
          #set ( $first = $entry.substring(0,1) )
        #else
          #set ( $first = $entry.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() )
        #end
        #set ( $isFirst=false )
        #set ( $stringLength = $entry.length() )
        #set ( $remaining = $entry.substring(1, $stringLength) )
        #set ( $camelCase = "$camelCase$first$remaining" )
    #end
    $util.qr( $response.put("$camelCase", $res[$mapKey]) )
#end
$utils.toJson($response)

Using Variable Map

Variable map support is limited and does not differentiate numbers and strings data types, please inject them directly if needed.

Will be escaped properly: null, true, and false values.

{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   [
    "UPDATE <name-of-table> set deleted_at=NOW() WHERE id=:ID",
    "SELECT * FROM <name-of-table> WHERE id=:ID and unix_timestamp > $ctx.args.newerThan"
  ],
  variableMap: {
    ":ID": $ctx.args.id,
##    ":TIMESTAMP": $ctx.args.newerThan -- This will be handled as a string!!!
  }
}

Requires

serverless framework
serverless-appsync-plugin
serverless-offline
serverless-dynamodb-local (when using dynamodb resolvers only)
watchman (if Hot-reloading is desactivated it is not required)

Author: Serverless-appsync
Source Code: https://github.com/serverless-appsync/serverless-appsync-simulator
License: MIT License

#serverless #sync #graphql

Chesley Labadie

1648972740

Generis: Versatile Go Code Generator

Generis

Versatile Go code generator.

Description

Generis is a lightweight code preprocessor adding the following features to the Go language :

Generics.
Free-form macros.
Conditional compilation.
HTML templating.
Allman style conversion.

Sample

package main;

// -- IMPORTS

import (
    "html"
    "io"
    "log"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
    "strconv"
    );

// -- DEFINITIONS

#define DebugMode
#as true

// ~~

#define HttpPort
#as 8080

// ~~

#define WriteLine( {{text}} )
#as log.Println( {{text}} )

// ~~

#define local {{variable}} : {{type}};
#as var {{variable}} {{type}};

// ~~

#define DeclareStack( {{type}}, {{name}} )
#as
    // -- TYPES

    type {{name}}Stack struct
    {
        ElementArray []{{type}};
    }

    // -- INQUIRIES

    func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) IsEmpty(
        ) bool
    {
        return len( stack.ElementArray ) == 0;
    }

    // -- OPERATIONS

    func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) Push(
        element {{type}}
        )
    {
        stack.ElementArray = append( stack.ElementArray, element );
    }

    // ~~

    func ( stack * {{name}}Stack ) Pop(
        ) {{type}}
    {
        local
            element : {{type}};

        element = stack.ElementArray[ len( stack.ElementArray ) - 1 ];

        stack.ElementArray = stack.ElementArray[ : len( stack.ElementArray ) - 1 ];

        return element;
    }
#end

// ~~

#define DeclareStack( {{type}} )
#as DeclareStack( {{type}}, {{type:PascalCase}} )

// -- TYPES

DeclareStack( string )
DeclareStack( int32 )

// -- FUNCTIONS

func HandleRootPage(
    response_writer http.ResponseWriter,
    request * http.Request
    )
{
    local
        boolean : bool;
    local
        natural : uint;
    local
        integer : int;
    local
        real : float64;
    local
        escaped_html_text,
        escaped_url_text,
        text : string;
    local
        integer_stack : Int32Stack;

    boolean = true;
    natural = 10;
    integer = 20;
    real = 30.0;
    text = "text";
    escaped_url_text = "&escaped text?";
    escaped_html_text = "<escaped text/>";

    integer_stack.Push( 10 );
    integer_stack.Push( 20 );
    integer_stack.Push( 30 );

    #write response_writer
        <!DOCTYPE html>
        <html lang="en">
            <head>
                <meta charset="utf-8">
                <title><%= request.URL.Path %></title>
            </head>
            <body>
                <% if ( boolean ) { %>
                    <%= "URL : " + request.URL.Path %>
                    <br/>
                    <%@ natural %>
                    <%# integer %>
                    <%& real %>
                    <br/>
                    <%~ text %>
                    <%^ escaped_url_text %>
                    <%= escaped_html_text %>
                    <%= "<%% ignored %%>" %>
                    <%% ignored %%>
                <% } %>
                <br/>
                Stack :
                <br/>
                <% for !integer_stack.IsEmpty() { %>
                    <%# integer_stack.Pop() %>
                <% } %>
            </body>
        </html>
    #end
}

// ~~

func main()
{
    http.HandleFunc( "/", HandleRootPage );

    #if DebugMode
        WriteLine( "Listening on http://localhost:HttpPort" );
    #end

    log.Fatal(
        http.ListenAndServe( ":HttpPort", nil )
        );
}

Syntax

#define directive

Constants and generic code can be defined with the following syntax :

#define old code
#as new code

#define old code
#as
    new
    code
#end

#define
    old
    code
#as new code

#define
    old
    code
#as
    new
    code
#end

#define parameter

The #define directive can contain one or several parameters :

{{variable name}} : hierarchical code (with properly matching brackets and parentheses)
{{variable name#}} : statement code (hierarchical code without semicolon)
{{variable name$}} : plain code
{{variable name:boolean expression}} : conditional hierarchical code
{{variable name#:boolean expression}} : conditional statement code
{{variable name$:boolean expression}} : conditional plain code

They can have a boolean expression to require they match specific conditions :

HasText text
HasPrefix prefix
HasSuffix suffix
HasIdentifier text
false
true
!expression
expression && expression
expression || expression
( expression )

The #define directive must not start or end with a parameter.

#as parameter

The #as directive can use the value of the #define parameters :

{{variable name}}
{{variable name:filter function}}
{{variable name:filter function:filter function:...}}

Their value can be changed through one or several filter functions :

LowerCase
UpperCase
MinorCase
MajorCase
SnakeCase
PascalCase
CamelCase
RemoveComments
RemoveBlanks
PackStrings
PackIdentifiers
ReplacePrefix old_prefix new_prefix
ReplaceSuffix old_suffix new_suffix
ReplaceText old_text new_text
ReplaceIdentifier old_identifier new_identifier
AddPrefix prefix
AddSuffix suffix
RemovePrefix prefix
RemoveSuffix suffix
RemoveText text
RemoveIdentifier identifier

#if directive

Conditional code can be defined with the following syntax :

#if boolean expression
    #if boolean expression
        ...
    #else
        ...
    #end
#else
    #if boolean expression
        ...
    #else
        ...
    #end
#end

The boolean expression can use the following operators :

false
true
!expression
expression && expression
expression || expression
( expression )

#write directive

Templated HTML code can be sent to a stream writer using the following syntax :

#write writer expression
    <% code %>
    <%@ natural expression %>
    <%# integer expression %>
    <%& real expression %>
    <%~ text expression %>
    <%= escaped text expression %>
    <%! removed content %>
    <%% ignored tags %%>
#end

Limitations

There is no operator precedence in boolean expressions.
The --join option requires to end the statements with a semicolon.
The #writer directive is only available for the Go language.

Installation

Install the DMD 2 compiler (using the MinGW setup option on Windows).

Build the executable with the following command line :

dmd -m64 generis.d

Command line

generis [options]

Options

--prefix # : set the command prefix
--parse INPUT_FOLDER/ : parse the definitions of the Generis files in the input folder
--process INPUT_FOLDER/ OUTPUT_FOLDER/ : reads the Generis files in the input folder and writes the processed files in the output folder
--trim : trim the HTML templates
--join : join the split statements
--create : create the output folders if needed
--watch : watch the Generis files for modifications
--pause 500 : time to wait before checking the Generis files again
--tabulation 4 : set the tabulation space count
--extension .go : generate files with this extension

Examples

generis --process GS/ GO/

Reads the Generis files in the GS/ folder and writes Go files in the GO/ folder.

generis --process GS/ GO/ --create

Reads the Generis files in the GS/ folder and writes Go files in the GO/ folder, creating the output folders if needed.

generis --process GS/ GO/ --create --watch

Reads the Generis files in the GS/ folder and writes Go files in the GO/ folder, creating the output folders if needed and watching the Generis files for modifications.

generis --process GS/ GO/ --trim --join --create --watch

Reads the Generis files in the GS/ folder and writes Go files in the GO/ folder, trimming the HTML templates, joining the split statements, creating the output folders if needed and watching the Generis files for modifications.

Version

2.0

Author: Senselogic
Source Code: https://github.com/senselogic/GENERIS
License: View license

#go #golang #code

bindu singh

1647351133

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The age limit is 18 to 25 years. It may differ from one airline to another!

Physical and Medical standards –

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You can become an air hostess if you meet certain criteria, such as a minimum educational level, an age limit, language ability, and physical characteristics.

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1671543249

Migrating From Jira Server: Guide, Pros, And Cons

February 15, 2022 marked a significant milestone in Atlassian’s Server EOL (End Of Life) roadmap. This was not the final step. We still have two major milestones ahead of us: end of new app sales in Feb 2023, and end of support in Feb 2024. In simpler words, businesses still have enough time to migrate their Jira Server to one of the two available products – Atlassian Cloud or Atlassian DC. But the clock is ticking.

Jira Cloud VS Data Center

If we were to go by Atlassian numbers, 95% of their new customers choose cloud.

“About 80% of Fortune 500 companies have an Atlassian Cloud license. More than 90% of new customers choose cloud first.” – Daniel Scott, Product Marketing Director, Tempo

So that’s settled, right? We are migrating from Server to Cloud? And what about the solution fewer people talk about yet many users rely on – Jira DC?

Both are viable options and your choice will depend greatly on the needs of your business, your available resources, and operational processes.

Let’s start by taking a look at the functionality offered by Atlassian Cloud and Atlassian DC.

Feature	Atlassian Cloud	Atlassian Data Center
Product Plans	Multiple plans	One plan
Billing	Monthly and annual	Annual only
Pricing model	Per user or tiered	Tiered only
Support	Varying support levels depending on your plan: Enterprise support coverage is equivalent to Atlassian’s Data Center Premier Support offering	Varying support levels depending on the package: Priority Support or Premier Support (purchased separately)
Total Cost of Ownership	TCO includes your subscription fee, plus product administration time	TCO includes your subscription fee and product administration time, plus: costs related to infrastructure provisioning or IaaS fees (for example, AWS costs) planned downtime time and resources needed for software upgrades
Data encryption services
Data residency services
Audit logging	Organization-level audit logging available via Atlassian Access (Jira Software, Confluence) Product-level audit logs (Jira Software, Confluence)	Advanced audit logging
Device security	Mobile device management support (Jira Software, Confluence, Jira Service Management) Mobile application management (currently on the roadmap)	Mobile device management support (Jira Software, Confluence, Jira Service Management)
Content security
Data Storage limits	2 GB (Free) 250 GB (Standard) Unlimited storage (Premium and Enterprise)	No limits
Performance	Continuous performance updates to improve load times, search responsiveness, and attachments Cloud infrastructure hosted in six geographic regions to reduce latency	Rate limitingCDN supports Smart mirrors and mirror farms (Bitbucket)
Backup and data disaster recovery	Jira leverages multiple geographically diverse data centers, has a comprehensive backup program, and gains assurance by regularly testing their disaster recovery and business continuity plans. Backups are generated daily and retained for 30 days to allow for point-in-time data restoration
Containerization and orchestration		Docker images Kubernetes support (on the roadmap for now)
Change management and upgrades	Atlassian automatically handles software and security upgrades for you Sandbox instance to test changes (Premium and Enterprise) Release track options for Premium and Enterprise (Jira Software, Jira Service Management, Confluence)
Direct access to the database	No direct access to change the database structure, file system, or other server infrastructure Extensive REST APIs for programmatic data access	Direct database access
Insights and reporting	Organization and admin insights to track adoption of Atlassian products, and evaluate the security of your organization.	Data Pipeline for advanced insightsConfluence analytics

Pros and cons of Jira Cloud

When talking about pros and cons, there’s always a chance that a competitive advantage for some is a dealbreaker for others. That’s why I decided to talk about pros and cons in matching pairs.

Pro: Scalability is one of the primary reasons businesses are choosing Jira Cloud. DC is technically also scalable, but you’ll need to scale on your own whereas the cloud version allows for the infrastructure to scale with your business.

Con: Despite the cloud’s ability to grow with your business, there is still a user limit of 35k users. In addition to that, the costs will grow alongside your needs. New users, licenses, storage, and computing power – all come at an additional cost. So, when your organization reaches a certain size, migrating to Jira DC becomes more cost-efficient.

Pro: Jira takes care of maintenance and support for you.

Con: Your business can suffer from unpredicted downtime. And there are certain security risks.

Pro: Extra bells and whistles:

Sandbox: Sandbox is a safe environment system admins can use to test applications and integrations before rolling them out to the production environment.
Release tracks: Admins can be more flexible with their product releases as they can access batch and control cloud releases. This means they’ll have much more time to test existing configurations and workflows against a new update.
Insight Discovery: More data means more ways you can impact your business or product in a positive, meaningful way.
Team Calendars: This is a handy feature for synchronization and synergy across teams.

Con: Most of these features are locked behind a paywall and are only available to either Premium and Enterprise or only Enterprise licenses (either fully or through addition of functionality. For example, Release tracks are only available to Enterprise customers.) In addition, the costs will grow as you scale the offering to fit your growing needs.

Pros and cons of Jira Data Center

I’ll be taking the same approach to talking about the pros and cons as I did when writing about Atlassian Cloud. Pros and cons are paired.

Pro: Hosting your own system means you can scale horizontally and vertically through additional hardware. Extension of your systems is seamless, and there is no downtime (if you do everything correctly). Lastly, you don’t have to worry about the user limit – there is none.

Con: While having more control over your systems is great, it implies a dedicated staff of engineers, additional expenses on software licensing, hardware, and physical space. Moreover, seamless extension and 0% downtime are entirely on you.

Pro: Atlassian has updated the DC offering with native bundled applications such as Advanced Roadmaps, team calendars and analytics for confluence, insight asset management, and insight discovery in Jira Service Management DC.

Con: Atlassian has updated their pricing to reflect these changes. And you are still getting fewer “bells and whistles” than Jira Cloud users (as we can see from the feature comparison).

Pro: You are technically safer as the system is supported on your hardware by your specialists. Any and all Jira server issues, poor updates, and downtime are simply not your concern.

Con: Atlassian offers excellent security options: data encryption in transit and rest, to mobile app management, to audit offerings and API token controls. In their absence, your team company has to dedicate additional resources to security.

Pro: Additional benefits from Atlassian, such as the Priority Support bundle (all DC subscriptions have this option), and the Data center loyalty discount (more on that in the pricing section.)

The Pricing

Talking about pricing of SaaS products is always a challenge as there are always multiple tiers and various pay-as-you go features. Barebones Jira Cloud, for instance, is completely free of charge, yet there are a series of serious limitations.

Standard Jira Cloud will cost you an average of $7.50 per user per month while premium cranks that price up to $14.50. The Enterprise plan is billed annually and the cost is determined on a case-by-case basis. You can see the full comparison of Jira Cloud plans here. And you can use this online calculator to learn the cost of ownership in your particular case.

50 Users	Standard (Monthly/Annually)	Premium (Monthly/Annually)
Jira Software	$387.50 / $3,900	$762.50 / $7,650
Jira Work Management	$250 / $2,500
Jira Service Management	$866.25 / $8,650	$2,138.25 / $21,500
Confluence	$287.50 / $2,900	$550 / $5,500

100 Users	Standard (Monthly/Annually)	Premium (Monthly/Annually)
Jira Software	$775 / $7,750	$1,525 / $15,250
Jira Work Management	$500 / $5,000
Jira Service Management	$1,653.75 / $16,550	$4,185.75 / $42,000
Confluence	$575 / $5,750	$1,100 / $11,000

500 Users	Standard (Monthly/Annually)	Premium (Monthly/Annually)
Jira Software	$3,140 / $31,500	$5,107.50 / $51,000
Jira Work Management	$1,850 / $18,500
Jira Service Management	$4,541.25 / $45,400	$11,693.25 / $117,000
Confluence	$2,060 / $20,500	$3,780 / $37,800

Please note that these prices were calculated without any apps included.

Jira Data Center starts at $42,000 per year and the plan includes up to 500 users. If you are a new client and are not eligible for any discounts*, here’s a chart that should give you an idea as to the cost of ownership of Jira DC. You can find more information regarding your specific case here.

Users	Commercial Annual Plan	Academic Annual Plan
1-500	USD 42,000	USD 21,000
501-1000	USD 72,000	USD 36,000
1001-2000	USD 120,000	USD 60,000
Confluence for Data Center
1-500	USD 27,000	USD 13,500
501-1000	USD 48,000	USD 24,000
1001-2000	USD 84,000	USD 42,000
Bitbucket for Data Center
1-25	USD 2,300	USD 1,150
26-50	USD 4,200	USD 2,100
51-100	USD 7,600	USD 3,800
Jira Service Management for Data Center
1-50	USD 17,200	USD 8,600
51-100	USD 28,600	USD 14,300
101-250	USD 51,500	USD 25,750

*Discounts:

Centralized per-user licensing allows users access all enterprise instances with a single Enterprise license.
There’s an option for dual licensing for users who purchase an annual cloud subscription with 1,001 or more users. In this case, Atlassian extends your existing server maintenance or Data Center subscription for up to one year at a 100% discount.
There are certain discounts for apps depending on your partnership level.
Depending on your situation, you may qualify for several Jira Data Center discount programs:
- Academic Data Center licensing offers a 50% discount.
- Community Data Center licensing for Non-profit organizations is free of charge.
- Lastly, there is a loyalty discount for Server customers who choose to migrate to the Data Center. Check this link to find out if you are eligible.

What should be your User Migration strategy?

Originally, there were several migration methods: Jira Cloud Migration Assistant, Jira Cloud Site Import, and there was an option to migrate via CSV export (though Jira actively discourages you from using this method). However, Jira’s team has focused their efforts on improving the Migration Assistant and have chosen to discontinue Cloud Site Import support.

Thanks to the broadened functionality of the assistant, it is now the only go-to method for migration with just one exception. If you are migrating over 1000 users and you absolutely need to migrate advanced roadmaps – you’ll need to rely on Site Import. At least for now, as Jira is actively working on implementing this feature in their assistant.

Here’s a quick comparison of the options and their limitations.

	Features	Limitations
Cloud Migration Assistant	App migration Existing data on a Cloud Site is not overwritten You choose the projects, users, and groups you want to migrate Jira Service Management customer account migration Better UI to guide you through the migration Potential migration errors are displayed in advance Migration can be done in phases reducing the downtime Pre- and post-migration reports	You must be on a supported self-managed version of Jira
Site Export	Can migrate Advanced Roadmaps	App data is not migrated Migration overrides existing data on the Cloud site Separate user importUsers from external directories are not migrated No choice of data you want or don’t want migrated There’s a need to split attachments into up to 5GB chunks Higher risks of downtime due to the “all or nothing” approach You must be on a supported self-managed version of Jira

Pro tip: If you have a large base of users (above 2000), migrate them before you migrate projects and spaces. This way, you will not disrupt the workflow as users are still working on Server and the latter migration of data will take less time.

How to migrate to Jira Cloud

Now that we have settled on one particular offering based on available pricing models as well as the pros and the cons that matter the most to your organization, let’s talk about the “how”.

How does one migrate from Jira Server to Jira Cloud?

Pre-migration checklist

Jira’s Cloud Migration Assistant is a handy tool. It will automatically review your data for common errors. But it is incapable of doing all of the work for you. That’s why we – and Atlassian for that matter – recommend creating a pre-migration checklist.

Smart Checklist will help you craft an actionable, context-rich checklist directly inside a Jira ticket. This way, none of the tasks will be missed, lost, or abandoned.

Below is an example of how your migration checklist will look like in Jira.

Feel free to copy the code and paste it into your Smart Checklist editor and you’ll have the checklist at the ready.

# Create a user migration plan #must
> Please keep in mind that Jira Cloud Migration Assistant migrates all users and groups as well as users and groups related to selected projects
- Sync your user base
- Verify synchronization
- External users sync verification
- Active external directory verification
## Check your Jira Server version #must
- Verify via user interface or Support Zip Product Version Verification
> Jira Migration Assistant will not work unless Jira is running on a supported version
## Fix any duplicate email addresses #must
- Verify using SQL
> Duplicate email addresses are not supported by Jira Cloud and therefore can't be migrated with the Jira Cloud Migration Assistant. To avoid errors, you should find and fix any duplicate email addresses before migration. If user information is managed in an LDAP Server, you will need to update emails there and sync with Jira before the migration. If user information is managed locally, you can fix them through the Jira Server or Data Center user interface.
## Make sure you have the necessary permissions #must
- System Admin global permissions on the Server instance
- Exists in the target Cloud site
- Site Administrator Permission in the cloud
## Check for conflicts with group names #must
- Make sure that the groups in your Cloud Site don't have the same names as groups in Server
> Unless you are actively trying to merge them
- Delete or update add-on users so not to cause migration issues
- Verify via SQL
## Update firewall allowance rules #must
- None of the domains should be blocked by firewall or proxy
## Find a way to migrate apps #must
- Contact app vendors
## Check public access settings #must
- Projects
- Filters
- Filters
- Boards
- Dashboards
## Review server setup #mst
- at least 4gb Heap Allocation
- Open Files limit review
- Verify via support zip
## Check Server timezone #must for merging Cloud sites
- Switch to UTC is using any other timezone
> Add a system flag to the Jira Server instance -Duser.timezone=UTC as outlined in this article about updating documentation to include timezone details.
## Fix any duplicate shared configuration
## Storage limits
## Prepare the server instance
- Check data status
- All fields have value and are not null
-Any archived projects you wish to migrate are activated
## Prepare your cloud site
- Same Jira products enabled
- Same language
- User migration strategy
## Data backup
- Backup Jira Server site
- Backup Cloud site
## Run a test migration
- Done
## Notify Jira support
- Get in touch with Jira migration support

Use backups

On the one hand, having all of your Jira products on a server may seem like a backup in and of itself. On the other hand, there are data migration best practices we should follow even if it’s just a precaution. No one has ever felt sorry for their data being too safe.

In addition, there are certain types of migration errors that can be resolved much faster with having a backup at hand.

Jira Server Database backup: this step creates a DB backup in an XML format.
1. Log in with Jira System Admin permissions
2. Go to system -> Import and Export -> Backup Manager -> Backup for server.
3. Click the create Backup for server button.
4. Type in the name for your backup.
5. Jira will create a zipped XML file and notify you once the backup is ready.

Jira Cloud Backup: This backup also saves your data in an XML format. The process is quite similar to creating a Jira Server backup with the only difference taking place on the Backups page.
1. Select the option to save your attachments, logos, and avatars.
2. Click on the Create backup button.

As you can see, the Cloud backup includes the option to save attachments, avatars, and logos. This step should be done manually when backing up Server data.
1. Create a Zip archive for this data
2. Make sure it follows the structure suggested by Atlassian

Migrating your Jira instance to the cloud via the Jira Migration Assistant

Jira Cloud Migration Assistant is a free add-on Atlassian recommends using when migrating to the cloud. It accesses and evaluates your apps and helps migrate multiple projects.

Overall, the migration assistant offers a more stable and reliable migration experience. It automatically checks for certain errors. It makes sure all users have unique and valid emails, and makes sure that none of the project names and keys conflict with one another.

This is a step-by-step guide for importing your Jira Server data backup file into Jira Cloud.

Log into Jira Cloud with admin permissions
Go to System -> Import and Export -> External System Import
Click on the Jira Server import option

Select the backup Zip you have created
Jira will check the file for errors and present you with two options: enable or disable outgoing mail. Don’t worry, you will be able to change this section after the migration process is complete.
Then you will be presented with an option to merge Jira Server and Jira Cloud users
1. Choosing overwrite will replace the users with users from the imported files
2. The merge option will merge groups with the same name
3. Lastly, you can select the third option if you are migrating users via Jira’s assistant
Run the import

How do you migrate Jira Server into Jira DC?

Before we can proceed with the migration process, please make sure you meet the following prerequisites:

Make sure you are installing Jira on one of the supported platforms. Atlassian has a list of supported platforms for Jira 9.1.
Make sure the applications you are using are compatible with Jira DC. You will be required to switch to datacenter-compatible versions of your applications (they must be available).
Make sure you meet the necessary software and hardware requirements:
1. You have a DC license
2. You are using a supported database, OS, and Java version
3. You are using OAuth authentication if your application links to other Atlassian products

Once you are certain you are ready to migrate your Jira Server to Jira Data Center, you can proceed with an installation that’s much simpler than one would expect.

Upgrade your apps to be compatible with Jira DC
Go to Administration -> Applications -> Versions and licenses
Enter your Jira DC License Key
Restart Jira

That’s it. You are all set. Well, unless your organization has specific needs such as continuous uptime, performance under heavy loads, and scalability, in which case you will need to set up a server cluster. You can find out more about setting up server clusters in this guide.

Aarna Davis

1625055931

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