MERN Stack Tutorial - Build a MERN App From Scratch ❤

❤ This article on “MERN Stack Tutorial” will help you to create a Full Stack MERN Application from scratch. Each section of code has been explained to provide a better understanding ❤

You will learn about following technologies while going through this article:

1. MongoDB
2. React
3. Node
4. Express

When I wanted to upgrade from being a Front End Developer to a Full Stack Developer, I had trouble finding an article that encompassed the concepts of all the different skills I needed to learn in able to become one.

Knowledge of databases, familiarity with a back-end language and how to integrate the back-end with my front-end app were skills that I didn’t know yet. That is what pushed me to create this article: to solve that in order to help myself and for my fellow software engineers out there.

I’ve included the git repository link of the whole code at the end of the article but I suggest that you take this article step-by-step before checking the repo out. It will help you understand the tutorial better. :)

“What will we build”

Here is what our app will look like once we’ve finished building it.

The front end allows us to view the current information inside our database. It also allows us to add new data into it, delete a present data and update an already existing one.

We will build it from nothing. We will setup our own database, create the back end from the ground up and bootstrap our front end with the bare minimum.

So, get yourselves strapped in and get your coding fingers ready!

First Things First

Let’s create our project’s main directory. This will hold both the code for the front and back end of our app.

mkdir fullstack_app && cd fullstack_app

Then, let’s start off with our front end. We will use create-react-app to bootstrap our front end, which means that we will not have to worry about setting up Webpack or Babel (as create-react-app sorts this all out by default). If you don’t have create-react-app globally installed yet, fret not, installing it is easy, just type this into our project’s main directory command line.

npm i -g create-react-app

After this, we can now create our react app with create-react-app (pun intended). To do this, just type this in the command line.

create-react-app client && cd client

We will also need Axios in order to make get/post requests with ajax. So let’s install that now:

npm i -S axios

Wait for it to finish and then let’s proceed in organizing the front end so it will be easy to incorporate our back end later.

For PC users:

del src\App.css src\App.test.js src\index.css src\logo.svg\

For MAC users:

rm src/App.css src/App.test.js src/index.css src/logo.svg

Then, let’s edit our App.js file inside the client folder and let it just render something simple. We will further edit this file later on when we have our back end ready.

// client/src/App.js
import React, { Component } from "react";

class App extends Component {
  render() {
    return <div>I'M READY TO USE THE BACK END APIS! :-)</div>;
  }
}

export default App;

“React app ready”

We also have to edit our index.js and remove one line of code from there. We just have to remove the *import ‘./index.css’; part of the code and we can now start our react app

// client/src/index.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './App';
import registerServiceWorker from './registerServiceWorker';

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'));
registerServiceWorker();

“index.js”

In order to start our front end, just type this in the command line.

<em>npm start</em>

and go to your browser and type http://localhost:3000/*. *You can now see that our front end is up and running.

Back It Up Just a Tad

Time to set-up our back end. Go back to our main directory and let’s create our back end directory from there. We will also initialize this directory so that we’ll have our package.json ready for building. Your terminal will prompt you to enter some details for the package.json, just keep pressing enter until it is done.

mkdir backend && cd backend
npm init

Create a new file that will serve as our main code for the back end and name it server.js. Then, type the following into it. This back end code is pretty blunt and basic, I have only created it so that beginners won’t have to think much of the complexity of the code rather than they would think about the code’s intent. Then, they could easy manipulate it afterwards once they wrapped their heads around it. I’ve put comments beside every method for ease of understanding.

const mongoose = require('mongoose');
const express = require('express');
var cors = require('cors');
const bodyParser = require('body-parser');
const logger = require('morgan');
const Data = require('./data');

const API_PORT = 3001;
const app = express();
app.use(cors());
const router = express.Router();

// this is our MongoDB database
const dbRoute =
  'mongodb://jelo:password1@ds249583.mlab.com:49583/fullstack_app';

// connects our back end code with the database
mongoose.connect(dbRoute, { useNewUrlParser: true });

let db = mongoose.connection;

db.once('open', () => console.log('connected to the database'));

// checks if connection with the database is successful
db.on('error', console.error.bind(console, 'MongoDB connection error:'));

// (optional) only made for logging and
// bodyParser, parses the request body to be a readable json format
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(logger('dev'));

// this is our get method
// this method fetches all available data in our database
router.get('/getData', (req, res) => {
  Data.find((err, data) => {
    if (err) return res.json({ success: false, error: err });
    return res.json({ success: true, data: data });
  });
});

// this is our update method
// this method overwrites existing data in our database
router.post('/updateData', (req, res) => {
  const { id, update } = req.body;
  Data.findByIdAndUpdate(id, update, (err) => {
    if (err) return res.json({ success: false, error: err });
    return res.json({ success: true });
  });
});

// this is our delete method
// this method removes existing data in our database
router.delete('/deleteData', (req, res) => {
  const { id } = req.body;
  Data.findByIdAndRemove(id, (err) => {
    if (err) return res.send(err);
    return res.json({ success: true });
  });
});

// this is our create methid
// this method adds new data in our database
router.post('/putData', (req, res) => {
  let data = new Data();

  const { id, message } = req.body;

  if ((!id && id !== 0) || !message) {
    return res.json({
      success: false,
      error: 'INVALID INPUTS',
    });
  }
  data.message = message;
  data.id = id;
  data.save((err) => {
    if (err) return res.json({ success: false, error: err });
    return res.json({ success: true });
  });
});

// append /api for our http requests
app.use('/api', router);

// launch our backend into a port
app.listen(API_PORT, () => console.log(`LISTENING ON PORT ${API_PORT}`));

“Spine of every web app”

You might have noticed that a database link is already used in our back end code. Don’t worry, that’s the next step in our article. Setting it up will also be as easy as the past few steps. First, head on to mlab and create an account there. Mlab will let us use a free 500 MB of MongoDB database and use it remotely. It is also hosted in the cloud. This is the current trend of our industry and acquiring skills that enables us to use cloud database is a real asset nowadays.

After setting up your account, log into your account. Click the Create new button as shown below.

Then, Click on Amazon Web Services as the cloud provider then sandbox as plan type. DON’T WORRY ALL OF THIS IS FOR FREE. ;). Click any **AWS Region then click continue. Input the name of your database then click submit order.

This will redirect you to your mlab homepage, from here, click your newly acquired database then copy the To connect using a driver via the standard MongoDB URI link as shown below. Do not forget to create a user for your database, we will use the created user’s credentials for our mLab link. To do this, just click on the ‘Users’ tab and click create user.

“Call me AWS Certified”

This will be the link to our database. The provided link should be considered as classified and you should not expose this in the front end in real world practices. Jot that down on your notebook, if you will. Paste this link in your server.js file. Find the *dbRoute *variable and put the link with your credentials there as a string.

Now, back to our back end source code. We will now configure our database, in order to do so, create a file named *data.js. *It should have the following code inside it.

// /backend/data.js
const mongoose = require("mongoose");
const Schema = mongoose.Schema;

// this will be our data base's data structure 
const DataSchema = new Schema(
  {
    id: Number,
    message: String
  },
  { timestamps: true }
);

// export the new Schema so we could modify it using Node.js
module.exports = mongoose.model("Data", DataSchema);

“MongoDB, Baby”

We are almost DONE! Let’s just install our back end’s package and modules and we are good to go. Just pass this line on your command line.

npm i -S mongoose express body-parser morgan cors

Now, if we launch our back end using

node server.js

We can see in our console that it is ready and is listening on port 3001. Let’s go back to our front end and start creating the UIs needed to dispatch actions unto our MongoDB + Node.JS + Express.JS system.

Aww, yeah!!!

Go back to /client/src/App.js and apply the following changes.

// /client/App.js
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import axios from 'axios';

class App extends Component {
  // initialize our state
  state = {
    data: [],
    id: 0,
    message: null,
    intervalIsSet: false,
    idToDelete: null,
    idToUpdate: null,
    objectToUpdate: null,
  };

  // when component mounts, first thing it does is fetch all existing data in our db
  // then we incorporate a polling logic so that we can easily see if our db has
  // changed and implement those changes into our UI
  componentDidMount() {
    this.getDataFromDb();
    if (!this.state.intervalIsSet) {
      let interval = setInterval(this.getDataFromDb, 1000);
      this.setState({ intervalIsSet: interval });
    }
  }

  // never let a process live forever
  // always kill a process everytime we are done using it
  componentWillUnmount() {
    if (this.state.intervalIsSet) {
      clearInterval(this.state.intervalIsSet);
      this.setState({ intervalIsSet: null });
    }
  }

  // just a note, here, in the front end, we use the id key of our data object
  // in order to identify which we want to Update or delete.
  // for our back end, we use the object id assigned by MongoDB to modify
  // data base entries

  // our first get method that uses our backend api to
  // fetch data from our data base
  getDataFromDb = () => {
    fetch('http://localhost:3001/api/getData')
      .then((data) => data.json())
      .then((res) => this.setState({ data: res.data }));
  };

  // our put method that uses our backend api
  // to create new query into our data base
  putDataToDB = (message) => {
    let currentIds = this.state.data.map((data) => data.id);
    let idToBeAdded = 0;
    while (currentIds.includes(idToBeAdded)) {
      ++idToBeAdded;
    }

    axios.post('http://localhost:3001/api/putData', {
      id: idToBeAdded,
      message: message,
    });
  };

  // our delete method that uses our backend api
  // to remove existing database information
  deleteFromDB = (idTodelete) => {
    parseInt(idTodelete);
    let objIdToDelete = null;
    this.state.data.forEach((dat) => {
      if (dat.id == idTodelete) {
        objIdToDelete = dat._id;
      }
    });

    axios.delete('http://localhost:3001/api/deleteData', {
      data: {
        id: objIdToDelete,
      },
    });
  };

  // our update method that uses our backend api
  // to overwrite existing data base information
  updateDB = (idToUpdate, updateToApply) => {
    let objIdToUpdate = null;
    parseInt(idToUpdate);
    this.state.data.forEach((dat) => {
      if (dat.id == idToUpdate) {
        objIdToUpdate = dat._id;
      }
    });

    axios.post('http://localhost:3001/api/updateData', {
      id: objIdToUpdate,
      update: { message: updateToApply },
    });
  };

  // here is our UI
  // it is easy to understand their functions when you
  // see them render into our screen
  render() {
    const { data } = this.state;
    return (
      <div>
        <ul>
          {data.length <= 0
            ? 'NO DB ENTRIES YET'
            : data.map((dat) => (
                <li style={{ padding: '10px' }} key={data.message}>
                  <span style={{ color: 'gray' }}> id: </span> {dat.id} <br />
                  <span style={{ color: 'gray' }}> data: </span>
                  {dat.message}
                </li>
              ))}
        </ul>
        <div style={{ padding: '10px' }}>
          <input
            type="text"
            onChange={(e) => this.setState({ message: e.target.value })}
            placeholder="add something in the database"
            style={{ width: '200px' }}
          />
          <button onClick={() => this.putDataToDB(this.state.message)}>
            ADD
          </button>
        </div>
        <div style={{ padding: '10px' }}>
          <input
            type="text"
            style={{ width: '200px' }}
            onChange={(e) => this.setState({ idToDelete: e.target.value })}
            placeholder="put id of item to delete here"
          />
          <button onClick={() => this.deleteFromDB(this.state.idToDelete)}>
            DELETE
          </button>
        </div>
        <div style={{ padding: '10px' }}>
          <input
            type="text"
            style={{ width: '200px' }}
            onChange={(e) => this.setState({ idToUpdate: e.target.value })}
            placeholder="id of item to update here"
          />
          <input
            type="text"
            style={{ width: '200px' }}
            onChange={(e) => this.setState({ updateToApply: e.target.value })}
            placeholder="put new value of the item here"
          />
          <button
            onClick={() =>
              this.updateDB(this.state.idToUpdate, this.state.updateToApply)
            }
          >
            UPDATE
          </button>
        </div>
      </div>
    );
  }
}

export default App;

“React Rocks”

Lastly, we edit our front end’s package.json and add a proxy there to point to the port where our back end is deployed.

{
  "name": "client",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "private": true,
  "dependencies": {
    "axios": "^0.18.0",
    "react": "^16.5.0",
    "react-dom": "^16.5.0",
    "react-scripts": "1.1.5"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start": "react-scripts start",
    "build": "react-scripts build",
    "test": "react-scripts test --env=jsdom",
    "eject": "react-scripts eject"
  },
  "proxy": "http://localhost:3001"
}

Remember, this is our front end’s package.json so this is included inside the client directory. Edit that there.

There, all that’s left to do is to make it so that we can launch our back end then our front end at the same time.

In order to do that go back to the main directory of our project and type the following:

npm init -y
npm i -S concurrently

Edit the package.json of our main project’s directory. Change it as follows.

{
  "name": "fullstack_app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "",
  "main": "index.js",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "concurrently \"cd backend && node server.js\" \"cd client && npm start\""
  },
  "keywords": [],
  "author": "",
  "license": "ISC",
  "dependencies": {
    "concurrently": "^4.0.1"
  }
}

Here, you can see under the *“scripts” key, the “start” *key makes use of the package we just installed, the concurrently package. That package enables us to run the back end code using:

node server.js

And the front end code using:

npm start

There’s a lot happening under the hood in able to do this, but for now, we will just leave it be and be happy that it works! Now, to start our app just go to the main directory of our project then type:

npm start

A browser will open that contains our app and voila! We have made our own MERN (FULL STACK) app from scratch! Feel free to play around with it. Use it as a sand box to grasp the different concepts of both ends here.

Oh, and one more thing. Make sure to enable CORS on your browser since we are calling our own APIs via our own machine. Here is a great plug-in to do just that. 😬

As promise, here is the git repo.

That’s All Folks, cheers!

I hope that I have provided clear instructions and that I was able to transfer as much knowledge as I can, to you, the reader.

#mongodb #express #reactjs #node-js #web-development

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How long does it take to develop/build an app?

With more of us using smartphones, the popularity of mobile applications has exploded. In the digital era, the number of people looking for products and services online is growing rapidly. Smartphone owners look for mobile applications that give them quick access to companies’ products and services. As a result, mobile apps provide customers with a lot of benefits in just one device.

Likewise, companies use mobile apps to increase customer loyalty and improve their services. Mobile Developers are in high demand as companies use apps not only to create brand awareness but also to gather information. For that reason, mobile apps are used as tools to collect valuable data from customers to help companies improve their offer.

There are many types of mobile applications, each with its own advantages. For example, native apps perform better, while web apps don’t need to be customized for the platform or operating system (OS). Likewise, hybrid apps provide users with comfortable user experience. However, you may be wondering how long it takes to develop an app.

To give you an idea of how long the app development process takes, here’s a short guide.

App Idea & Research

_Average time spent: two to five weeks _

This is the initial stage and a crucial step in setting the project in the right direction. In this stage, you brainstorm ideas and select the best one. Apart from that, you’ll need to do some research to see if your idea is viable. Remember that coming up with an idea is easy; the hard part is to make it a reality.

All your ideas may seem viable, but you still have to run some tests to keep it as real as possible. For that reason, when Web Developers are building a web app, they analyze the available ideas to see which one is the best match for the targeted audience.

Targeting the right audience is crucial when you are developing an app. It saves time when shaping the app in the right direction as you have a clear set of objectives. Likewise, analyzing how the app affects the market is essential. During the research process, App Developers must gather information about potential competitors and threats. This helps the app owners develop strategies to tackle difficulties that come up after the launch.

The research process can take several weeks, but it determines how successful your app can be. For that reason, you must take your time to know all the weaknesses and strengths of the competitors, possible app strategies, and targeted audience.

The outcomes of this stage are app prototypes and the minimum feasible product.

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Best Electric Bikes and Scooters for Rental Business or Campus Facility

The electric scooter revolution has caught on super-fast taking many cities across the globe by storm. eScooters, a renovated version of old-school scooters now turned into electric vehicles are an environmentally friendly solution to current on-demand commute problems. They work on engines, like cars, enabling short traveling distances without hassle. The result is that these groundbreaking electric machines can now provide faster transport for less — cheaper than Uber and faster than Metro.

Since they are durable, fast, easy to operate and maintain, and are more convenient to park compared to four-wheelers, the eScooters trend has and continues to spike interest as a promising growth area. Several companies and universities are increasingly setting up shop to provide eScooter services realizing a would-be profitable business model and a ready customer base that is university students or residents in need of faster and cheap travel going about their business in school, town, and other surrounding areas.

Electric Scooters Trends and Statistics

In many countries including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, U.K., Germany, France, China, Japan, India, Brazil and Mexico and more, a growing number of eScooter users both locals and tourists can now be seen effortlessly passing lines of drivers stuck in the endless and unmoving traffic.

A recent report by McKinsey revealed that the E-Scooter industry will be worth― $200 billion to $300 billion in the United States, $100 billion to $150 billion in Europe, and $30 billion to $50 billion in China in 2030. The e-Scooter revenue model will also spike and is projected to rise by more than 20% amounting to approximately $5 billion.

And, with a necessity to move people away from high carbon prints, traffic and congestion issues brought about by car-centric transport systems in cities, more and more city planners are developing more bike/scooter lanes and adopting zero-emission plans. This is the force behind the booming electric scooter market and the numbers will only go higher and higher.

Companies that have taken advantage of the growing eScooter trend develop an appthat allows them to provide efficient eScooter services. Such an app enables them to be able to locate bike pick-up and drop points through fully integrated google maps.

List of Best Electric Bikes for Rental Business or Campus Facility 2020:

It’s clear that e scooters will increasingly become more common and the e-scooter business model will continue to grab the attention of manufacturers, investors, entrepreneurs. All this should go ahead with a quest to know what are some of the best electric bikes in the market especially for anyone who would want to get started in the electric bikes/scooters rental business.

We have done a comprehensive list of the best electric bikes! Each bike has been reviewed in depth and includes a full list of specs and a photo.

Billy eBike

 https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/enkicycles/billy-were-redefining-joyrides

To start us off is the Billy eBike, a powerful go-anywhere urban electric bike that’s specially designed to offer an exciting ride like no other whether you want to ride to the grocery store, cafe, work or school. The Billy eBike comes in 4 color options – Billy Blue, Polished aluminium, Artic white, and Stealth black.

Price: $2490

Available countries

Available in the USA, Europe, Asia, South Africa and Australia.This item ships from the USA. Buyers are therefore responsible for any taxes and/or customs duties incurred once it arrives in your country.

Features

• Control – Ride with confidence with our ultra-wide BMX bars and a hyper-responsive twist throttle.
• Stealth- Ride like a ninja with our Gates carbon drive that’s as smooth as butter and maintenance-free.
• Drive – Ride further with our high torque fat bike motor, giving a better climbing performance.
• Accelerate – Ride quicker with our 20-inch lightweight cutout rims for improved acceleration.
• Customize – Ride your own way with 5 levels of power control. Each level determines power and speed.
• Flickable – Ride harder with our BMX /MotoX inspired geometry and lightweight aluminum package

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 20 mph (32 km/h)
• Range per charge: 41 miles (66 km)
• Maximum Power: 500W
• Motor type: Fat Bike Motor: Bafang RM G060.500.DC
• Load capacity: 300lbs (136kg)
• Battery type: 13.6Ah Samsung lithium-ion,
• Battery capacity: On/off-bike charging available
• Weight: w/o batt. 48.5lbs (22kg), w/ batt. 54lbs (24.5kg)
• Front Suspension: Fully adjustable air shock, preload/compression damping /lockout
• Rear Suspension: spring, preload adjustment
• Built-in GPS

Why Should You Buy This?

• Riding fun and excitement
• Better climbing ability and faster acceleration.
• Ride with confidence
• Billy folds for convenient storage and transportation.
• Shorty levers connect to disc brakes ensuring you stop on a dime
• belt drives are maintenance-free and clean (no oil or lubrication needed)

**Who Should Ride Billy? **

Both new and experienced riders

**Where to Buy? **Local distributors or ships from the USA.

Genze 200 series e-Bike

 https://www.genze.com/fleet/

Featuring a sleek and lightweight aluminum frame design, the 200-Series ebike takes your riding experience to greater heights. Available in both black and white this ebike comes with a connected app, which allows you to plan activities, map distances and routes while also allowing connections with fellow riders.

Price: $2099.00

Available countries

The Genze 200 series e-Bike is available at GenZe retail locations across the U.S or online via GenZe.com website. Customers from outside the US can ship the product while incurring the relevant charges.

Features

• 2 Frame Options
• 2 Sizes
• Integrated/Removable Battery
• Throttle and Pedal Assist Ride Modes
• Integrated LCD Display
• Connected App
• 24 month warranty
• GPS navigation
• Bluetooth connectivity

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 20 mph with throttle
• Range per charge: 15-18 miles w/ throttle and 30-50 miles w/ pedal assist
• Charging time: 3.5 hours
• Motor type: Brushless Rear Hub Motor
• Gears: Microshift Thumb Shifter
• Battery type: Removable Samsung 36V, 9.6AH Li-Ion battery pack
• Battery capacity: 36V and 350 Wh
• Weight: 46 pounds
• Derailleur: 8-speed Shimano
• Brakes: Dual classic
• Wheels: 26 x 20 inches
• Frame: 16, and 18 inches
• Operating Mode: Analog mode 5 levels of Pedal Assist Thrott­le Mode

Norco from eBikestore

 https://ebikestore.com/shop/norco-vlt-s2/

The Norco VLT S2 is a front suspension e-Bike with solid components alongside the reliable Bosch Performance Line Power systems that offer precise pedal assistance during any riding situation.

Price: $2,699.00

Available countries

This item is available via the various Norco bikes international distributors.

Features

• VLT aluminum frame- for stiffness and wheel security.
• Bosch e-bike system – for their reliability and performance.
• E-bike components – for added durability.
• Hydraulic disc brakes – offer riders more stopping power for safety and control at higher speeds.
• Practical design features – to add convenience and versatility.

Specifications

• Maximum speed: KMC X9 9spd
• Motor type: Bosch Active Line
• Gears: Shimano Altus RD-M2000, SGS, 9 Speed
• Battery type: Power Pack 400
• Battery capacity: 396Wh
• Suspension: SR Suntour suspension fork
• Frame: Norco VLT, Aluminum, 12x142mm TA Dropouts

Bodo EV

http://www.bodoevs.com/bodoev/products_show.asp?product_id=13

Manufactured by Bodo Vehicle Group Limited, the Bodo EV is specially designed for strong power and extraordinary long service to facilitate super amazing rides. The Bodo Vehicle Company is a striking top in electric vehicles brand field in China and across the globe. Their Bodo EV will no doubt provide your riders with high-level riding satisfaction owing to its high-quality design, strength, breaking stability and speed.

Price: $799

Available countries

This item ships from China with buyers bearing the shipping costs and other variables prior to delivery.

Features

• Reliable
• Environment friendly
• Comfortable riding
• Fashionable
• Economical
• Durable – long service life
• Braking stability
• LED lighting technology

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 45km/h
• Range per charge: 50km per person
• Charging time: 8 hours
• Maximum Power: 3000W
• Motor type: Brushless DC Motor
• Load capacity: 100kg
• Battery type: Lead-acid battery
• Battery capacity: 60V 20AH
• Weight: w/o battery 47kg

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How to start an electric scooter facility/fleet in a university campus/IT park

Are you leading an organization that has a large campus, e.g., a large university? You are probably thinking of introducing an electric scooter/bicycle fleet on the campus, and why wouldn’t you?

Introducing micro-mobility in your campus with the help of such a fleet would help the people on the campus significantly. People would save money since they don’t need to use a car for a short distance. Your campus will see a drastic reduction in congestion, moreover, its carbon footprint will reduce.

Micro-mobility is relatively new though and you would need help. You would need to select an appropriate fleet of vehicles. The people on your campus would need to find electric scooters or electric bikes for commuting, and you need to provide a solution for this.

To be more specific, you need a short-term electric bike rental app. With such an app, you will be able to easily offer micro-mobility to the people on the campus. We at Devathon have built Autorent exactly for this.

What does Autorent do and how can it help you? How does it enable you to introduce micro-mobility on your campus? We explain these in this article, however, we will touch upon a few basics first.

Micro-mobility: What it is

You are probably thinking about micro-mobility relatively recently, aren’t you? A few relevant insights about it could help you to better appreciate its importance.

Micro-mobility is a new trend in transportation, and it uses vehicles that are considerably smaller than cars. Electric scooters (e-scooters) and electric bikes (e-bikes) are the most popular forms of micro-mobility, however, there are also e-unicycles and e-skateboards.

You might have already seen e-scooters, which are kick scooters that come with a motor. Thanks to its motor, an e-scooter can achieve a speed of up to 20 km/h. On the other hand, e-bikes are popular in China and Japan, and they come with a motor, and you can reach a speed of 40 km/h.

You obviously can’t use these vehicles for very long commutes, however, what if you need to travel a short distance? Even if you have a reasonable public transport facility in the city, it might not cover the route you need to take. Take the example of a large university campus. Such a campus is often at a considerable distance from the central business district of the city where it’s located. While public transport facilities may serve the central business district, they wouldn’t serve this large campus. Currently, many people drive their cars even for short distances.

As you know, that brings its own set of challenges. Vehicular traffic adds significantly to pollution, moreover, finding a parking spot can be hard in crowded urban districts.

Well, you can reduce your carbon footprint if you use an electric car. However, electric cars are still new, and many countries are still building the necessary infrastructure for them. Your large campus might not have the necessary infrastructure for them either. Presently, electric cars don’t represent a viable option in most geographies.

As a result, you need to buy and maintain a car even if your commute is short. In addition to dealing with parking problems, you need to spend significantly on your car.

All of these factors have combined to make people sit up and think seriously about cars. Many people are now seriously considering whether a car is really the best option even if they have to commute only a short distance.

This is where micro-mobility enters the picture. When you commute a short distance regularly, e-scooters or e-bikes are viable options. You limit your carbon footprints and you cut costs!

Businesses have seen this shift in thinking, and e-scooter companies like Lime and Bird have entered this field in a big way. They let you rent e-scooters by the minute. On the other hand, start-ups like Jump and Lyft have entered the e-bike market.

Think of your campus now! The people there might need to travel short distances within the campus, and e-scooters can really help them.

How micro-mobility can benefit you

What advantages can you get from micro-mobility? Let’s take a deeper look into this question.

Micro-mobility can offer several advantages to the people on your campus, e.g.:

• Affordability: Shared e-scooters are cheaper than other mass transportation options. Remember that the people on your campus will use them on a shared basis, and they will pay for their short commutes only. Well, depending on your operating model, you might even let them use shared e-scooters or e-bikes for free!
• Convenience: Users don’t need to worry about finding parking spots for shared e-scooters since these are small. They can easily travel from point A to point B on your campus with the help of these e-scooters.
• Environmentally sustainable: Shared e-scooters reduce the carbon footprint, moreover, they decongest the roads. Statistics from the pilot programs in cities like Portland and Denver showimpressive gains around this key aspect.
• Safety: This one’s obvious, isn’t it? When people on your campus use small e-scooters or e-bikes instead of cars, the problem of overspeeding will disappear. you will see fewer accidents.

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Mern Stack App Development: What Does the Future Hold?

Decided to go with Mern Stack but confused about its speed, productivity, and other things. Take off all the worries and go through the following analysis, giving you a clear vision to choose a mern stack for web applications development.

Mern stack is one of the most used stacks app development that makes a great impression on the app development technology solutions. It complies with ReactJS to deliver dynamic web applications.

Do you know? According to a 2020 developer survey, 42% of software developers used React.

Mern stack is very popular nowadays amongst developers who love using the stack after Mean stack. There is only a difference between both, and that is the use of Angular and React to create front-end web applications. Mean stack uses Angular, whereas Mern stack uses React.

React offers you the freedom to pick tools, libraries, and architecture for developing web applications, whereas Angular gives you less freedom and flexibility to build the applications.

If you are techno-friendly, you know that a stack is nothing but an amalgamation of frameworks, coding languages, tools, and libraries that developers use to create robust web applications.

Mern stack undoubtedly offers efficiency and productivity that help to build dynamic web applications. The future of Mern stack app development is bright as it is being used by developers worldwide. Moreover, it provides all the essential tools at a platform that helps to create swift and dynamic web applications.

It is more famous nowadays owing to the inclusion of the Javascript language.

Developers can use it to develop both sides, i.e., frontend and backend web applications. Hence the code is written in the same language, and that eliminates the feasibility of context switching.

You can also avail yourself benefits of the Mern stack by contacting a top Mern stack development company and provide your audience an exhilarating user experience.

Read the full blog here

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