1614773676
Blockchain is said to be the most revolutionary innovation that can potentially disrupt every sector. Starting from the financial institutions to basic healthcare organizations blockchain can play a major role. The major benefits include the reduction in settlement time, transaction fees and improvement in liquidity. Gartner, one of the top research and advisory firm has listed blockchain in the top ten strategic technologies in the year 2020. Gartner says that the blockchain has the ability to remodel industries by enabling transparency, trust and facilitating exchange of values across the business.
Also experts predict that 2021 will be the year for entreprise blockchain and it will be a marked time for blockchain to climb out of the trough of disillusionment. Even though the climb will be slower, there may be a steady forward movement.
Compared to 2019 nearly 14% of the entreprise blockchain solutions moved to productions in 2020 which is a 5% increase from 2019. Blockchain projects are very likely to increase in 2021 as many key trends will push the market of permissioned blockchain to the next level. The blockchain techology in 2020 has contributed to the development of more grounded and mature blockchain implementations.
Globally Blockchain technology will grow exponentially
The popularity of Blockchain technology has exploded and increasingly many industries have showed interest to adopt blockchain technology to enhance their businesses. The digital transformation during COVID-19 is very notable especially via the use of blockchain or distributed technology. Because of this, the global blockchain market is expeceted to expand from USD3.0 billion (in the year 2020) to USD 39.7 billion (in the year 2025).
Effect of COVID-19 on Blockchain Technology
Its been predicted that there may be a reorientation of various blockchain projects. This is mainly because 90% of the blockchain are ignoring the key features such as smart contracts, decentralized consensus, tokenization. The practical approach to the new blockchain initiatives can majorly help the daily processes in businesses around the globe. There has also been an increasing amount of institutional participation in blockchain networks.
Acceleration of Digital transformation in Corporates
The businesses at present are now in a critical situation for their survival due to the strain that’s been put upon the businesses due to COVID-19 pandemic. The mere reason triggers the need for corporates to accelerate their digital transformation. Blockchain technology is going to make the most unexpected changes in the ways businesses function in the upcoming years.
Global acceleration of Blockchain projects to Production
Experts have predicted that many blockchain based projects will switch to production stage. This is mainly due to pandemic induced situation and new startup projects that may bring profits in a short span of time. Presently, more than 40% of the corporates has made sure to run atleast one blockchain. And majority of the project will run on private blockchain platforms.
Private Blockchain will Dominate
The Blockchains are now developed and customized based on the corporate business needs and the these blockchains provide more opportunities to the corporates in order to implement blockchain technology for business to business needs with more efficiency and increased security.
Defi and Blockchain Technology
DeFi is now the trending model and it has paves a way for the blockchain to be used in financial services. This type of use case was the main limitation in enterprise blockchain. Defi mainly involves the successful implemention of smart contracts for the financial services.
Currently, there has been an hype about Defi services in various sectors and the initial growth of DeFi even surpassed USD 10 million. It will also speed up during 2021. Also the CeDeFi will come into effect will more financial institutions adopting it, thus bringing together the best of centralized and decentralized systems.
Zero Knowledge Proof with Blockchain
Another important trend that may be seen in 2021 is the launch of zero knowledge proof that are needed to meet the challenges and requirements of preserving the “confidentiality” that holds back various blockchain projects.
The ZKPs allows the companies with various record keeping systems to be in sync on record to record basis without sharing sensitive information. ZKPs has made more progression. Since it provides more security, the corporates are trying to develop more ZApps than DApps.
Central Bank Digital currency Projects
Many central banks around the world will explore and launch their own digital currency. This may get intensified in 2021 that’s mainly because of limited use of cash, digitized economy and use of private currencies like libra.
Banking and Financial sector will dominate the market
When we look into the COVID-19 impacted industries, the financial sector is amongst those. It has faced a tremendous growth in the past years and the present situation has forced them to adapt and meet their client demands with growing digital world. The adoption of Blockchain in Fintech will ease their processes. As a result it may produce contactless transaction.
Conclusion
The Blockchain Technology is growing rapidly and these predicted trend will influence the entreprise blockchain in many ways. There may also be upcoming trends that may intensify the changes in blockchain domain. However, blockchain will transform many industries in various ways. Don’t miss out the opportunity to begin your crypto startup.
#blockchain #crypto #recent #news #update
1606217442
In all the market sectors, Blockchain technology has contributed to the redesign. The improvements that were once impossible have been pushed forward. Blockchain is one of the leading innovations with the ability to influence the various sectors of the industry. It also has the ability to be one of the career-influencing innovations at the same time. We have seen an increasing inclination towards the certification of the Blockchain in recent years, and there are obvious reasons behind it. Blockchain has everything to offer, from good packages to its universal application and futuristic development. Let’s address the reasons why one should go for Blockchain certification.
5 advantages of certification by Blockchain:
1. Lucrative packages- Everyone who completes their education or upskills themselves wants to end up with a good bundle, not only is one assured of a good learning experience with Blockchain, but the packages are drool-worthy at the same time. A Blockchain developer’s average salary varies between $150,000 and $175,000 per annum. Comparatively, a software developer gets a $137,000 per year salary. For a Blockchain developer, the San Francisco Bay area provides the highest bundle, amounting to $162,288 per annum. There’s no point arguing that learning about Blockchain is a smart decision with such lucrative packages.
2. Growing industry- When you select any qualification course, it becomes important that you choose a growing segment or industry that promises potential in the future. You should anticipate all of these with Blockchain. The size of the blockchain market is expected to rise from USD 3.0 billion in 2020 to USD 39.7 billion by 2025. This will see an incredible 67.3 percent CAGR between 2020-2025. To help business processes, several businesses are outsourcing Blockchain technologies. This clearly demonstrates that there will be higher demand in the future for Blockchain developers and certified Blockchain professionals.
3. Universal application- One of the major reasons for the success of Blockchain is that it has a global application. It is not sector-specific. Blockchain usage cases are discovered by almost all market segments. In addition, other innovations such as AI, big data, data science and much more are also supported by Blockchain. It becomes easier to get into a suitable industry once you know about Blockchain.
**4. Work protection-**Surely you would like to invest in an ability that ensures job security. You had the same chance for Blockchain. Since this is the technology of the future, understanding that Blockchain can keep up with futuristic developments will help in a successful and safe job.
**5.**After a certain point of your professional life, you are expected to learn about new abilities that can help enhance your skills. Upskilling is paramount. Upskilling oneself has become the need for the hour, and choosing a path that holds a lot of potential for the future is the best way to do this. For all computer geeks and others who want to gain awareness of emerging technology, Blockchain is a good option.
Concluding thoughts- opting for Blockchain certification is a successful career move with all these advantages. You will be able to find yourself in a safe and secured work profile once you have all the knowledge and information. Link for Blockchain certification programme with the Blockchain Council.
#blockchain certificate #blockchain training #blockchain certification #blockchain developers #blockchain #blockchain council
1598265735
The blockchain is the decentralized database of the blocks of information, which gets recorded in the chain format and linked in a secured crypto graphical manner. This technology ensures proper safety of the data due to its secure nature, and it totally changes how people carry out transactions. It also brings about a faster and secure process of validating information needed to establish reliability.
Though blockchain technology came into the market to carry out only digital transactions, it is now used in various industries like supply chain, finance, health care, and many more.
The blockchain technology has made its position in mobile app development as well. Blockchain applications are transparent and accountable. From getting easy access to medical records and buying insurance, you can see blockchain applications everywhere.
Here are some of the areas where you can see the use of blockchain applications and how they have changed various industries.
Ripple is useful for increasing banking transactions. The implementation of blockchain technology in the financial sector is much more profound than any other sector. Ripple proves this. It is one of the greatest tools to record and complete financial transactions.
It develops a large network despite strict physical boundaries. As there is no such third-party involvement present, the cost of these transactions is lower than usual. At the same time, the network also remains transparent and quite secured.
It is normally seen that financial transactions that happen globally are
error-prone and take a lot of time. In addition to this, when the transaction
fees and exchange rates get added up, the total cost usually gets high.
However, Ripple offers real-time international transactions without spending too much money. It has the network of about 200+ institutions making the process affordable, secure, and fast for all sorts of international transactions.
This blockchain application helps in automating flight insurance. Insurance is another area where blockchain is gaining popularity. Through this application, insurers can make smart contracts rather than getting involved in the traditional contracts that are usually complex. Etherisc is the blockchain application that helps customers buy flight insurance. If the flight gets canceled or delayed, they do not have to wait for months to get the payment back. This application ensures an on-time payout.
#blockchain #blockchain-technology #blockchain-development #blockchain-use-cases #blockchain-a #blockchain-technologies #technology #decentralization
1609302682
Blockchain growth is potentially the world’s fastest growing industries today, as businesses look forward to new implementations, systems development and market improvement. They need the services of a Blockchain Developer specialist for all this.
Technology is an ever-advancing thing and Blockchain is the way to go to become an expert in this area and to develop a good career for now and for the future. You need to have power over unique skills to become a blockchain developer.
Let’s address the opportunity to receive a Blockchain developer certification that one can master:
Web Development: Web development is one of the most important elements that the Blockchain developer wants to have the command to reach the profession of Blockchain. Internet architecture concepts such as back-end, front-end, which are commonly used in the development of decentralized applications, need to be commanded.
Data Structures: You have to have comprehensive knowledge of data structures when you begin a Blockchain developer career. In this field, the majority of experts are continuously linked to data structures such as Patricia trees or Merkle trees. The use of various data structures to help create a protected and immutable framework is involved in Blockchain.
Data Architecture: For a Blockchain developer, intense understanding of essential concepts such as hash functions, distributed ledger technology, and cryptography is important. Such ideas should be on the edge of a developer. Blockchain professionals need to know how it operates, how it works and how it is designed around Blockchain.
Learn about Smart Contracts and Solidity: Smart Contracts are concerned about the automation protocols or guidelines used to ensure that no third party is involved in the event of the transaction. Three main components are fundamentally dependent on Smart Contracts: deterministic, terminable and isolation. Solidity is mainly a high-level, statically influenced JavaScript language responsible for writing smart contracts. There are several other languages used for writing smart contracts, such as Vyper, Simplicity, etc.
Experience: Now, in the Blockchain development domain, one must acquire some hands-on experience. Blockchain training is what allows you to bring your theoretical learning into the real world in order to expose you and allow you to become more advanced in technology, software and platforms. You can apply for different internships or training programs to gain the most practical experience. Also, to get valuable insights, you can enter some discussion groups to interact with Blockchain experts.
After all of these, you are advised to go for suitable certification from Blockchain developers such as IBM, CBSA, etc. that would assist you to land many important career opportunities along with providing the learning analysis and validation platforms. The above is the roadmap that would lead you to becoming a good Blockchain developer. Without paying enormous attention, hard work and discipline, it is not easy to become a Blockchain professional. Blockchain developers seem to be taking advantage of ravishing opportunities in view of the growth of Blockchain technology, its growing usage in various industries and the research undertaken by the Blockchain Council to find its scope in the future.
#blockchain developer #blockchain developer certification #blockchain training #blockchain council #blockchain #blockchaintechnology
1646737200
Mining Digital Gold one Block at a Time?! • Don't Expect to Get Insanely Rich (Quick) • Tulips :tulip::tulip::tulip: (like Blockchains) are Great and Gorgeous (and will Endure)
b0 = Block.first(
{ from: "Dutchgrown", to: "Vincent", what: "Tulip Bloemendaal Sunset", qty: 10 },
{ from: "Keukenhof", to: "Anne", what: "Tulip Semper Augustus", qty: 7 } )
b1 = Block.next( b0,
{ from: "Flowers", to: "Ruben", what: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck", qty: 5 },
{ from: "Vicent", to: "Anne", what: "Tulip Bloemendaal Sunset", qty: 3 },
{ from: "Anne", to: "Julia", what: "Tulip Semper Augustus", qty: 1 },
{ from: "Julia", to: "Luuk", what: "Tulip Semper Augustus", qty: 1 } )
...
(Source: blockchain_with_transactions.rb
)
A collection about awesome blockchains - open distributed databases w/ crypto hashes incl. git ;-). Blockchains are the new tulips :tulip::tulip::tulip:.
Contents:
For blockchain books, see the new Best of Crypto Books page »
Libra Shrugged: How Facebook Tried to Take Over the Money by David Gerard, November 2020, 182 Pages -- Introduction: Taking over the money ++ A user's guide to Libra ++ The genesis of Libra: Beller's blockchain ++ To launch a Libra: Let’s start a crypto ++ Bitcoin: why Libra is like this ++ The Libra White Papers ++ Banking the unbanked ++ The Libra Reserve plan and economic stability ++ Libra, privacy and your digital identity ++ The regulators recoil in horror ++ David Marcus before the US House and Senate ++ July to September 2019: Libra runs the gauntlet ++ October 2019: Libra's bad month ++ Mark Zuckerberg before the US House ++ November 2019: The comedown ++ Central bank digital currencies ++ Epilogue: Libra 2.0: not dead yet ++ Appendix: 2010–2013: The rise and fall of Facebook Credits
For more about Diem (formerly Libra), see the Awesome Diem (formerly Libra) and Move page »
For crypto quotes, see the new 100+ Best of Crypto Quotes - I HODL, you HODL, we HODL! - BREAKING: BITCOIN JUST BROKE $22 000! page »
SEC Investor Education:
- Don't understand an investment?
- Don't invest in it.
Yes, but what if there's only 21 million of it?
- Trolly McTrollface
Q: What's a Blockchain?
A: A blockchain is a distributed database with a list (that is, chain) of records (that is, blocks) linked and secured by digital fingerprints (that is, cryptho hashes). Example from blockchain.rb
:
[#<Block:0x1eed2a0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 20:52:38,
@data = "Genesis",
@previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
@hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
#<Block:0x1eec9a0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 21:02:38,
@data = "Transaction Data...",
@previous_hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b",
@hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743">,
#<Block:0x1eec838
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 21:12:38,
@data = "Transaction Data......",
@previous_hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743",
@hash = "be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4">,
...
Q: What's a Hash? What's a (One-Way) Crypto(graphic) Hash Digest Checksum?
A: A hash e.g. eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743
is a small digest checksum calculated with a one-way crypto(graphic) hash digest checksum function e.g. SHA256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256 Bits) from the data. Example from blockchain.rb
:
def calc_hash
sha = Digest::SHA256.new
sha.update( @timestamp.to_s + @previous_hash + @data )
sha.hexdigest ## returns "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743"
end
A blockchain uses
1637-09-15 20:52:38
) andedbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b
) and finallyTransaction Data...
)to calculate the new hash digest checksum, that is, the hash e.g. be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4
.
Q: What's a Merkle Tree?
A: A Merkle tree is a hash tree named after Ralph Merkle who patented the concept in 1979 (the patent expired in 2002). A hash tree is a generalization of hash lists or hash chains where every leaf node (in the tree) is labelled with a data block and every non-leaf node (in the tree) is labelled with the crypto(graphic) hash of the labels of its child nodes. For more see the Merkle tree Wikipedia Article.
Note: By adding crypto(graphic) hash functions you can "merkelize" any data structure.
Q: What's a Merkelized DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)?
A: It's a blockchain secured by crypto(graphic) hashes that uses a directed acyclic graph data structure (instead of linear "classic" linked list).
Note: Git uses merkelized dag (directed acyclic graph)s for its blockchains.
Q: Is the Git Repo a Blockchain?
A: Yes, every branch in the git repo is a blockchain. The "classic" Satoshi-blockchain is like a git repo with a single master branch (only).
Python • Ruby • JavaScript • Java • Go
Let's Build the Tiniest Blockchain in Python Series by Gerald Nash
Build Your Own Blockchain: A Python Tutorial by Eric Munsing, March 2017, (Source)
Learn Blockchains by Building One (in Python) by Daniel van Flymen, September 2017, (Source) -- The fastest way to learn how Blockchains work is to build one
Build Your Own Blockchain (in Python 3) Series by Jack Schultz, (Source)
A Practical Introduction to Blockchain with Python by Adil Moujahid, March 2018, (Source)
How Does Bitcoin Force Consensus Among Byzantine Generals? by Fabio Akita, November 2017
blockchain-lite - Build your own blockchains with crypto hashes; revolutionize the world with blockchains, blockchains, blockchains one block at a time! by Gerald Bauer, Ruby Advent Calendar 2017 / Day 1, December 2017
merkletree library - Build Your Own Crypto Hash Trees; Grow Your Own Money on Trees by Gerald Bauer, Ruby Advent Calendar 2017 / Day 19, December 2017
centralbank command line tool (and library) - Print Your Own Money / Cryptocurrency; Run Your Own Federated Central Bank Nodes on the Blockchain Peer-to-Peer over HTTP by Gerald Bauer, Ruby Advent Calendar 2017 / Day 24, December 2017
A guide to building a blockchain & cryptocurrency from scratch (Source) by Antoine Fink, April 2021
Write your own blockchain and Proof-of-Work (PoW) algorithm using Crystal by Bradford Lamson-Scribner, May 2018, (Source)
Writing a Tiny Blockchain in JavaScript by Xavier Decuyper, July 2017
Node.js Blockchain Imlementation: BrewChain: Chain+WebSockets+HTTP Server by Darren Beck, November 2017, (Source) -- Protecting the tea making ledger from unscrupulous colleagues
Build your own Blockchain in Javascript/Visualization of Blockchains by Nam Chu Hoai, January 2018
Naivecoin: a tutorial for building a cryptocurrency by Lauri Hartikka, (Source)
Creating Your First Blockchain with Java, Part 1 by Kass, December 2017, (Source)
Let's implement a cryptocurrency in Kotlin by Vasily Fomin, July 2018, (Source)
Blockchain by Example in SQL Server by Benjamin Campbell, December 2017, (Source)
Building Blockchain in Rust Series by Jacob Lindahl, GeekLaunch, (Source), (Slide Decks in PDF)
Building Blockchain in Go Series by Ivan Kuznetsov, (Source)
Blockchain Series in Go by by Coral Health (Source)
See Build your own Blockchain / Cryptocurrency @ Build your own (insert technology here)
class Block
attr_reader :timestamp
attr_reader :data
attr_reader :previous_hash
attr_reader :hash
def initialize(data, previous_hash)
@timestamp = Time.now
@data = data
@previous_hash = previous_hash
@hash = calc_hash
end
def self.first( data="Genesis" ) # create genesis (big bang! first) block
## note: uses all zero for previous_hash ("0")
Block.new( data, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" )
end
def self.next( previous, data="Transaction Data..." )
Block.new( data, previous.hash )
end
private
def calc_hash
sha = Digest::SHA256.new
sha.update( @timestamp.to_s + @previous_hash + @data )
sha.hexdigest
end
end # class Block
#####
## let's get started
## build a blockchain a block at a time
b0 = Block.first( "Genesis" )
b1 = Block.next( b0, "Transaction Data..." )
b2 = Block.next( b1, "Transaction Data......" )
b3 = Block.next( b2, "More Transaction Data..." )
blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]
pp blockchain
(Source: blockchain.rb
)
will pretty print (pp) something like:
[#<Block:0x1eed2a0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 20:52:38,
@data = "Genesis",
@previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
@hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
#<Block:0x1eec9a0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 21:02:38,
@data = "Transaction Data...",
@previous_hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b",
@hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743">,
#<Block:0x1eec838
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 21:12:38,
@data = "Transaction Data......",
@previous_hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743",
@hash = "be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4">,
#<Block:0x1eec6d0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 21:22:38,
@data = "More Transaction Data...",
@previous_hash = "be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4",
@hash = "5ee2981606328abfe0c3b1171440f0df746c1e1f8b3b56c351727f7da7ae5d8d">]
Comments from the reddit ruby posting:
Wait, so a blockchain is just a linked list?
No. A linked list is only required to have a reference to the previous element, a block must have an identifier depending on the previous block's identifier, meaning that you cannot replace a block without recomputing every single block that comes after. In this implementation that happens as the previous digest is input in the calc_hash method.
What about Proof of Work / Waste?
Let's add a proof of work / waste to the blockchain. In the classic blockchain you have to compute a block hash that starts with leading zeros (00
). The more leading zeros the harder (more difficult) to compute. Let's keep it easy to compute with two leading zeros (00
), that is, 16^2 = 256 possibilites (^1,2). Three leading zeros (000
) would be 16^3 = 4_096 possibilites and four zeros (0000
) would be 16^4 = 65_536 and so on.
(^1): 16 possibilties because it's a hex or hexadecimal or base 16 number, that is, 0
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
a
(10) b
(11) c
(12) d
(13) e
(14) f
(15).
(^2): A random secure hash algorithm needs on average 256 tries (might be lets say 305 tries, for example, because it's NOT a perfect statistic distribution of possibilities).
Example:
def compute_hash_with_proof_of_work( difficulty="00" )
nonce = 0
loop do
hash = calc_hash_with_nonce( nonce )
if hash.start_with?( difficulty )
return [nonce,hash] ## bingo! proof of work if hash starts with leading zeros (00)
else
nonce += 1 ## keep trying (and trying and trying)
end
end
end
def calc_hash_with_nonce( nonce=0 )
sha = Digest::SHA256.new
sha.update( nonce.to_s + @timestamp.to_s + @previous_hash + @data )
sha.hexdigest
end
(Source: blockchain_with_proof_of_work.rb
)
Let's rerun the sample with the proof of work machinery added. Now the sample will pretty print (pp) something like:
[#<Block:0x1e204f0
@timestamp = 1637-09-20 20:13:38,
@data = "Genesis",
@previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
@nonce = 242,
@hash = "00b8e77e27378f9aa0afbcea3a2882bb62f6663771dee053364beb1887e18bcf">,
#<Block:0x1e56e20
@timestamp = 1637-09-20 20:23:38,
@data = "Transaction Data...",
@previous_hash = "00b8e77e27378f9aa0afbcea3a2882bb62f6663771dee053364beb1887e18bcf",
@nonce = 46,
@hash = "00aae8d2e9387e13c71b33f8cd205d336ac250d2828011f5970062912985a9af">,
#<Block:0x1e2bd58
@timestamp = 1637-09-20 20:33:38,
@data = "Transaction Data......",
@previous_hash = "00aae8d2e9387e13c71b33f8cd205d336ac250d2828011f5970062912985a9af",
@nonce = 350,
@hash = "00ea45e0f4683c3bec4364f349ee2b6816be0c9fd95cfd5ffcc6ed572c62f190">,
#<Block:0x1fa8338
@timestamp = 1637-09-20 20:43:38,
@data = "More Transaction Data...",
@previous_hash = "00ea45e0f4683c3bec4364f349ee2b6816be0c9fd95cfd5ffcc6ed572c62f190",
@nonce = 59,
@hash = "00436f0fca677652963e904ce4c624606a255946b921132d5b1f70f7d86c4ab8">]
See the difference? All hashes now start with leading zeros (00
) and the nonce is the random "lucky number" that makes it happen. That's the magic behind the proof of work.
Blockchain from Scratch - JavaScript Version
class Block {
constructor(data, previousHash) {
this.timestamp = new Date()
this.data = data
this.previousHash = previousHash
this.hash = this.calcHash()
}
calcHash() {
var sha = SHA256.create()
sha.update( this.timestamp.toString() + this.previousHash + this.data )
return sha.hex()
}
static first( data="Genesis" ) { // create genesis (big bang! first) block
// uses all-zero previousHash
return new Block( data, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" )
}
static next( previous, data="Transaction Data..." ) {
return new Block( data, previous.hash )
}
}
//////
// let's get started
// build a blockchain a block at a time
b0 = Block.first( "Genesis" )
b1 = Block.next( b0, "Transaction Data..." )
b2 = Block.next( b1, "Transaction Data......" )
b3 = Block.next( b2, "More Transaction Data..." )
blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]
console.log( blockchain )
(Source: blockchain.js
)
will log something like:
[ Block {
timestamp : 1637-09-18 08:25:54,
data : 'Genesis',
previousHash : '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
hash : 'c396de4c03ddb5275661982adc75ce5fc5905d2a2457d1266c74436c1f3c50f1' },
Block {
timestamp : 1637-09-18 08:35:54,
data : 'Transaction Data...',
previousHash : 'c396de4c03ddb5275661982adc75ce5fc5905d2a2457d1266c74436c1f3c50f1',
hash : '493131e09c069645c82795c96e4715cea0f5558be514b5096d853a5b9899154a' },
Block {
timestamp : 1637-09-18 08:45:54,
data : 'Transaction Data......',
previousHash : '493131e09c069645c82795c96e4715cea0f5558be514b5096d853a5b9899154a',
hash : '97aa3cb5052615d60ff8e6b41bef606562588c4874f011970ac2f218e2f0f4a8' },
Block {
timestamp : 1637-09-18 08:55:54,
data : 'More Transaction Data...',
previousHash : '97aa3cb5052615d60ff8e6b41bef606562588c4874f011970ac2f218e2f0f4a8',
hash : 'e10e020f832e46c2b60e1c3c0412bd370b2fde5f0f782c16eb87d0313ea0d3a3' } ]
Reflections on the Blockchain by Rufus Pollock (Open Knowledge Foundation), July 2016 -- The DAO: Code is not Law – and It’s Dangerous to Think So ++ The Internet changed the world - surely the Blockchain will too? ++ Gold-rush or Internet-rush? ++ Governance Matters in Bitcoin ++ The Myth of a Costless, Ownerless Network ++ Lessons from History
On the Dangers of a Blockchain Monoculture by Tony Arcieri, January 2016 -- The Bitcoin blockchain: the world's worst database ++ Next-generation protocols ++ Decentralized ledger protocols ++ Bitcoin-NG ++ Blockchain! Blockchain! Blockchain! ++ The great decentralized database in the sky
I Don’t Believe in Blockchain by Tim Bray, May 2017
Minimum Viable Blockchain by Ilya Grigorik, May 2014 -- Securing transactions with triple-entry bookkeeping ++ Securing transactions with PKI ++ Balance = Σ(receipts) ++ Multi-party transfers & verification ++ Double-spending and distributed consensus - Requirements for a distributed consensus network; Protecting the network from Sybil attacks; Proof-of-work as a participation requirement ++ Building the minimum viable blockchain - Adding "blocks" & transaction fee incentives; Racing to claim the transaction fees; Resolving chain conflicts; Blocks are never final ++ Properties of the (minimum viable) blockchain
Blockchains by analogies and applications: How blockchain compares to Git, Raft, and other technologies. by Kieren James-Lubin, January 2016 -- Blockchains are databases ++ Understanding transactions ++ Persistent, replicated databases (related technology: Git) ++ Peer-to-peer networks (related technology: BitTorrent) ++ Distributed consensus (related technology: distributed databases, Raft) ++ Minting new coins (mining) ++ Embedded identities (related technology: TLS) ++ Smart contracts: Like SQL expressions & triggers ++ What can we really do with blockchains?
Attack of the 50 Foot Blockchain: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Ethereum & Smart Contracts by David Gerard, London, 2017 -- What is a bitcoin? ++ The Bitcoin ideology ++ The incredible promises of Bitcoin! ++ Early Bitcoin: the rise to the first bubble ++ How Bitcoin mining centralised ++ Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? ++ Spending bitcoins in 2017 ++ Trading bitcoins in 2017: the second crypto bubble ++ Altcoins ++ Smart contracts, stupid humans ++ Business bafflegab, but on the Blockchain ++ Case study: Why you can’t put the music industry on a blockchain
Mastering Bitcoin - Programming the Open Blockchain 2nd Edition, by Andreas M. Antonopoulos, 2017 - FREE (Online Source Version) -- What Is Bitcoin? ++ How Bitcoin Works ++ Bitcoin Core: The Reference Implementation ++ Keys, Addresses ++ Wallets ++ Transactions ++ Advanced Transactions and Scripting ++ The Bitcoin Network ++ The Blockchain ++ Mining and Consensus ++ Bitcoin Security ++ Blockchain Applications
BEWARE: Bitcoin is a gigantic ponzi scheme¹. To the moon!? The new gold standard!? Do NOT "invest" trying to get-rich-quick HODLing. Why not? The bitcoin code is archaic and out-of-date. Burn, baby, burn! Proof-of-work / waste is a global energy environmental disaster using 300 kW/h per bitcoin transaction (!) that's about 179 kilograms of CO₂ emissions². Programmable money (or the internet of value) for all future generations with (bitcoin) script without loops and jumps (gotos) and all "stateless"!? LOL.
²: Assuming let's say 0.596 kilograms of CO₂ per kW/h (that's the energy efficiency in Germany) that's about 179 kilograms of CO₂ per bitcoin transaction (300 kW/h × 0.596 kg). For more insights see the Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index.
Programming Bitcoin from Scratch by Jimmy Song, 2019 - FREE (Online Source Version) -- Chapter 6 - Script - How Script Works • Example Operations • Parsing the Script Fields • Combining the Script Fields • Standard Scripts • p2pk • Problems with p2pk • Solving the Problems with p2pkh • Scripts Can Be Arbitrarily Constructed • Conclusion ++ Chapter 8 - Pay-to-Script Hash - Bare Multisig • Coding OP_CHECKMULTISIG • Problems with Bare Multisig • Pay-to-Script-Hash (p2sh) • Coding p2sh • Conclusion ++ Chapter 13 - Segregated Witness - Pay-to-Witness-Pubkey-Hash (p2wpkh) • p2wpkh Transactions • p2sh-p2wpkh • Coding p2wpkh and p2sh-p2wpkh • Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash (p2wsh) • p2sh-p2wsh • Coding p2wsh and p2sh-p2wsh • Other Improvements • Conclusion
Programming Bitcoin Script Transaction (Crypto) Contracts Step-by-Step ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2019 - FREE (Online Version) -- Let's start with building your own bitcoin stack machine from zero / scratch and let's run your own bitcoin ops (operations)...
Programming Blockchains in Ruby from Scratch Step-by-Step Starting w/ Crypto Hashes... ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2018 - FREE (Online Version) -- (Crypto) Hash ++ (Crypto) Block ++ (Crypto) Block with Proof-of-Work ++ Blockchain! Blockchain! Blockchain! ++ Blockchain Broken? ++ Timestamping ++ Mining, Mining, Mining - What's Your Hash Rate? ++ Bitcoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin ++ (Crypto) Block with Transactions (Tx)
Mastering Ethereum - Building Contract Services and Decentralized Apps on the Blockchain - by Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, 2018 - FREE (Online Source Version) What is Ethereum ++ Introduction ++ Ethereum Clients ++ Ethereum Testnets ++ Keys and Addresses ++ Wallets ++ Transactions ++ Contract Services ++ Tokens ++ Oracles ++ Accounting & Gas ++ EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) ++
Consensus ++
DevP2P (Peer-To-Peer) Protocol ++ Dev Tools and Frameworks ++ Decentralized Apps ++ Ethereum Standards (EIPs/ERCs)
Building Decentralized Apps on the Ethereum Blockchain by Roberto Infante, 2018 - FREE chapter 1 -- Understanding decentralized applications ++ The Ethereum blockchain ++ Building contract services in (JavaScript-like) Solidity ++ Running contract services on the Ethereum blockchain ++ Developing Ethereum Decentralized apps with Truffle ++ Best design and security practice
Programming Crypto Blockchain Contracts Step-by-Step Book / Guide ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2019 - FREE (Online Version) -- Let's Start with Ponzi & Pyramid Schemes. Run Your Own Lotteries, Gambling Casinos and more on the Blockchain World Computer...
Programming Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains in Ruby ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2018 - FREE (Online Version) @ Yuki & Moto Press Bookshelf -- Digital $$$ Alchemy - What's a Blockchain? - How-To Turn Digital Bits Into $$$ or €€€? • Decentralize Payments. Decentralize Transactions. Decentralize Blockchains. • The Proof of the Pudding is ... The Bitcoin (BTC) Blockchain(s) ++ Building Blockchains from Scratch - A Blockchain in Ruby in 20 Lines! A Blockchain is a Data Structure • What about Proof-of-Work? What about Consensus? • Find the Lucky Number - Nonce == Number Used Once ++ Adding Transactions - The World's Worst Database - Bitcoin Blockchain Mining • Tulips on the Blockchain! Adding Transactions ++ Blockchain Lite - Basic Blocks • Proof-of-Work Blocks • Transactions ++ Merkle Tree - Build Your Own Crypto Hash Trees; Grow Your Own Money on Trees • What's a Merkle Tree? • Transactions ++ Central Bank - Run Your Own Federated Central Bank Nodes on the Blockchain Peer-to-Peer over HTTP • Inside Mining - Printing Cryptos, Cryptos, Cryptos on the Blockchain ++ Awesome Crypto ++ Case Studies - Dutch Gulden • Shilling • CryptoKitties (and CryptoCopycats)
Blockchain for Dummies, IBM Limited Edition by Manav Gupta, 2017 - FREE (Digital Download w/ Email) -- Grasping Blockchain Fundamentals ++ Taking a Look at How Blockchain Works ++ Propelling Business with Blockchains ++ Blockchain in Action: Use Cases ++ Hyperledger, a Linux Foundation Project ++ Ten Steps to Your First Blockchain application
Get Rich Quick "Business Blockchain" Bible - The Secrets of Free Easy Money, 2018 - FREE -- Step 1: Sell hot air. How? ++ Step 2: Pump up your tokens. How? ++ Step 3: Revolutionize the World. How?
Best of Bitcoin Maximalist - Scammers, Morons, Clowns, Shills & BagHODLers - Inside The New New Crypto Ponzi Economics by Trolly McTrollface, et al, 2018 - FREE
Crypto Facts - Decentralize Payments - Efficient, Low Cost, Fair, Clean - True or False? by Nouriel Roubini, David Gerard, et al, 2018 - FREE
Crypto is the Mother of All Scams and (Now Busted) Bubbles - While Blockchain Is The Most Over-Hyped Technology Ever, No Better than a Spreadsheet/Database by Nouriel Roubini, 2018 - FREE
IslandCoin White Paper - A Pen and Paper Cash System - How to Run a Blockchain on a Deserted Island by Tal Kol -- Motivation ++ Consensus ++ Transaction and Block Specification - Transaction format • Block format • Genesis block ++ References
blockchain.lite (github: openblockchains/blockchain.lite.rb, gem: blockchain-lite) - build your own blockchain with crypto hashes - revolutionize the world with blockchains, blockchains, blockchains one block at a time
require 'blockchain-lite'
b0 = Block.first( "Genesis" )
b1 = Block.next( b0, "Transaction Data..." )
b2 = Block.next( b1, "Transaction Data......" )
b3 = Block.next( b2, "More Transaction Data..." )
blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]
pp blockchain
will pretty print (pp) something like:
[#<Block:0x1eed2a0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 20:52:38,
@data = "Genesis",
@previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
@hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
#<Block:0x1eec9a0
@timestamp = 1637-09-15 21:02:38,
@data = "Transaction Data...",
@hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743",
@previous_hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
...
blockchain.lite (github: openblockchains/blockchain.lite.js, npm: blockchain-lite) - build your own blockchain with crypto hashes - revolutionize the world with blockchains, blockchains, blockchains one block at a time
const Blocks = require( "blockchain-lite" )
// use basic block
let Block = Blocks.basic
let b0 = Block.first( 'Genesis' )
let b1 = Block.next( b0, 'Transaction Data...' )
let b2 = Block.next( b1, 'Transaction Data......' )
let b3 = Block.next( b2, 'More Transaction Data...' )
let blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]
console.log( blockchain )
will log something like:
[ Block {
timestamp: 2017-09-25 17:03:38,
data: 'Genesis',
previousHash: '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
hash: '08f4fa71628c5bc6b430228738bc8c41afaf508ece0b1cf9c9cac53d02e11829' },
Block {
timestamp: 2017-09-25 17:13:38,
data: 'Transaction Data...',
previousHash: '08f4fa71628c5bc6b430228738bc8c41afaf508ece0b1cf9c9cac53d02e11829',
hash: '740a4aeb3441484c96d1e7f63d31b716220ccee3b6fe94547cae2afbb6010626' },
Block {
timestamp: 2017-09-25 17:23:38,
data: 'Transaction Data......',
previousHash: '740a4aeb3441484c96d1e7f63d31b716220ccee3b6fe94547cae2afbb6010626',
hash: '28b6892a069e2ff7f1c3128ab495d7cd9b9b1636a51a7f69db93a14b1ee6b1a7' },
Block {
timestamp: 2017-09-25 17:33:38,
data: 'More Transaction Data...',
previousHash: '28b6892a069e2ff7f1c3128ab495d7cd9b9b1636a51a7f69db93a14b1ee6b1a7',
hash: '4cc0329b2c0cb32e0451fa3179bd944d4cd0fcf410939172f979e9fd2aa9f5f3' } ]
Everything is local. Distributed is the new centralized.
Yep, that's the joke. Nobody has been able to explain to me how the "blockchain" buzzword is significantly different to "git repo". -- Yaakov
But if you said "let's build a currency where all transactions are stored in a git repo" you wouldn't be taken seriously for even 24 hrs. -- Yaakov
Soon explaining git like "a git repo is like a blockchain with commits instead of blocks". -- Nicolás Berger
"A local branch is like a state channel. It can be pushed and merged into the master blockchain at any moment." -- Nicolás Berger
The #Blockchain has changed the world. Here I make the argument that the #Blockchain is just like #git. -- Jackson Kelley
git merge [-m REF] [-g BLOB] --push
Merge and push all signed commits to the blockchain. -- Git Commands
Learn Enough Git to Be Dangerous by Michael Hartl - FREE (Online Version) -- Getting started ++ Backing up and sharing ++ Intermediate workflow ++ Collaborating ++ Conclusion ++ Advanced setup
Pro Git by Scott Chacon and Ben Straub, 2nd Edition, 2014 - FREE (Online Version) -- Getting Started ++ Git Basics ++ Git Branching ++ Git on the Server ++ Distributed Git ++ GitHub ++ Git Tools ++ Customizing Git ++ Git and Other Systems ++ Git Internals ++ A1: Git in Other Environments ++ A2: Embedding Git in your Applications ++ A3: Git Commands
Git gets easier once you get the basic idea that branches are homeomorphic endofunctors mapping submanifolds of a Hilbert space. -- Anonymous
football.db - open public domain football datasets (incl. clubs, national teams, leagues, match schedules, etc.)
world.db - open public domain world (country) datasets
beer.db - open public domain beer & brewery datasets
Add a beer transaction to the #blockchain on #git and win a free Wiener Lager beer! Cheers. Prost. -- Gerald Bauer @ Austria Codes
Shilling (or Schilling) - Shilling on the Blockchain! - Rock-Solid Alpine Dollar from Austria
Tulips - Tulips on the Blockchain! - Learn by Example from the Real World (Anno 1637) - Buy! Sell! Hold! Enjoy the Beauty of Admiral of Admirals, Semper Augustus, and More
A period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for bulbs of the recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637.
People who compare digital tokens to tulips are essentially saying digital tokens are a bubble backed by nothing but pure hype and speculation.
What they fail to understand is that tulips come from dirt, not a blockchain.
And as we all know, blockchain is possibly the best technological innovation since the internet. It will have a tremendous impact on global business and society in general. -- TulipToken
Tulipomania: The Story of the World's Most Coveted Flower & the Extraordinary Passions It Aroused by Mike Dash, 2001 -- A Mania for Tulips ++ The Valley of Tien Shan ++ Within the Abode of Bliss ++ Stranger from the East ++ Clusius ++ Leiden ++ An Adornment to the Cleavage ++ The Tulip in the Mirror ++ Florists ++ Boom ++ At the Sign of the Golden Grape ++ The Orphans of Wouter Winkel ++ Bust ++ Goddess of Whores ++ At the Court of the Tulip King ++ Late Flowering
Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age by Anne Goldgar, 2007 -- Something Strange ++ Art & Flowers ++ Bloemisten ++ Grieving Money ++ Bad Faith ++ Cabbage Fever ++ Glossary ++ A Note on Money
Collectible. Breedable. Adorable.
Collect and breed digital cats. Start meow. Buy! Sell! Hold!
Learn more @ cryptokitties.co
Latest (and Greatest) Investment Opportunity!
Blockchain has unlocked the magic of digital scarcity, and combining that with the power of making the digital goods persistent gives them a potential value that is only limited by how much prestige a wealthy person might place on ownership of the item.
-- Justin Poirier
All I want for Christmas is a CryptoKitty.
I got a fever. And the only prescription is more CryptoKitties.
My Gen 7 CryptoKitty #104375. The Future is Meow.
- Fabulous Persian Spock Gerbil Gold Cottoncandy - Extremely rare gen 5 swift virgin | 2.9 ETH
- Rarity: 0.00264% Gen 5 JAGUAR FABULOUS GOLD DALI!! VIRGIN!
- Rarity: 0.0015% Princess Bubblegum is now for sale! Gen 12 | Brisk | Virgin | Chartreux | Bubblegum | Otaku | Emeraldgreen | Saycheese | Mauveover | Spock - Starts ETH 20/Ends ETH 10
- Gold ducat, Gen 5, Virgin, Swift. Very cheap
- Cheap Gen 1 cute kittie with rare genes! Only 0.125 ETH
- UNIQUE Virgin Peach Googly Gold Mauveover gen:2 cooldown:1 0.87992% RARE
- SUPER CHEAP: Gerbil, Ragdoll, Scarlet, Chestnut, Cotton Candy!!! 0.02 ETH (~$14)
- I'm giving away a Gen 1 FAST Gold for free...
A collection about Awesome CryptoKitties (Yes, Cute Little Cartoon Cats) on the Blockchain! and CryptoCopycats - digital collectibles secured on a distributed public databases w/ crypto hashes. Are CryptoPuppies the new CryptoKitties? Learn by Example from the Real World (Anno 2017) - Buy! Sell! Hodl!
More @ cryptocopycats/awesome-cryptokitties
Revolutionize the world one country at a time. Blockchainers of the world, unite!
A curated list of awesome lists.
istinspring
et al -- a curated list of awesome projects and services based on blockchain technologyAuthor: openblockchains
Source Code: https://github.com/openblockchains/awesome-blockchains
License: CC0-1.0 License
1606971339
A multitude of use cases around the numerous industrial segments are now contained in the blockchain technology that once began as the underlying system for Bitcoin trading. One of the main impacts on the financial sector has been felt. Blockchain technology has been publicly adopted by businesses like JP Morgan. The financial sector is suffering from data protection problems, faster transactions, transparency and other bottlenecks that hamper the growth of businesses that rely on monetary transactions from banks and NBFCs. Blockchain could therefore be a possible solution here. Banks and financial sectors can easily solve the disadvantages that hold back the banks’ smooth functioning with Blockchain’s involvement.
Some of the biggest developments we have seen in the Blockchain sector are the development of Blockchain platforms such as Hyperledger Sawtooth, Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, etc This approved Blockchain not only ensures that the system operates efficiently, but also ensures that transactions take place at a faster rate. It actually helps the banking system work much better and in a more effective way.
How the financial sector is impacted by Blockchain:
1. Providing a safe platform-
The need for a secured platform is one of the greatest challenges facing most banking and financial institutions. As most of the transactions and other work have now been digitised, most banks and other allied companies are looking for a stable platform that is free of any mistakes or defects. In addition, there is also a high rise in the need for a network that can efficiently combat data breach problems, and so we have Blockchain. By time-stamping all information or data on it this DLT platform works. This guarantees full security. And with the introduction of approved Blockchain networks, the security feature is even more assured.
2. No third party- Time lag and paperwork are two weaknesses of the financial sector that appear to hold up the processes and ultimately influence the company’s efficiency as well. We can solve these problems with the assistance of Blockchain technology and thus ensure quicker transactions. Blockchain technology operates on peer-to-peer transactions, ensuring that for authentication and approval, there is no need to rely on a third party, which speeds up the transaction process.
3. Tracking and tracing- For banking firms, these features can be highly beneficial. Banks invest a large amount of money on authentication and verification, amid all the efforts of false identity cases, and fraud reports are growing, we can easily put an end to it with Blockchain. As data tracking and tracing becomes simpler and history can be easily traced back, compared to the traditional technologies that banks use, it becomes easier to rely on this platform.
These are the three big benefits that Blockchain can reap from the banking and financial field. Blockchain developers and Blockchain experts are in high demand because of this, and we will see an increase in this number in the times to come.
Conclusion- The Blockchain Council provides Blockchain with the best online certificate programme. This detailed curriculum will allow you to absorb all Blockchain-related knowledge while also learning how to incorporate it. Then what are you going to wait for? Register for today’s Blockchain certification.
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