1626804540
How to Create A Blur Effect on Image - Introduction and Learn HTML5 and CSS3
Want to learn HTML5 and CSS3 from scratch?
This is the 27th episode of my “Learn HTML5 and CSS3” course. In this course, we will learn everything about how we can create markup for a website. At the end of the course, I will add some full tutorials where I will be creating famous websites from scratch. So, if you have any suggestions, just let me know and I might make a video about it!
In this episode, I want to create a pretty cool blur effect on an image.
#css3 #html5 #blur effect
What is GEEK
Buddha Community
1653123600
EasyMDE: Simple, Beautiful and Embeddable JavaScript Markdown Editor
EasyMDE - Markdown Editor
This repository is a fork of SimpleMDE, made by Sparksuite. Go to the dedicated section for more information.
A drop-in JavaScript text area replacement for writing beautiful and understandable Markdown. EasyMDE allows users who may be less experienced with Markdown to use familiar toolbar buttons and shortcuts.
In addition, the syntax is rendered while editing to clearly show the expected result. Headings are larger, emphasized words are italicized, links are underlined, etc.
EasyMDE also features both built-in auto saving and spell checking. The editor is entirely customizable, from theming to toolbar buttons and javascript hooks.
Quick access
Install EasyMDE
Via npm:
npm install easymde
Via the UNPKG CDN:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/easymde/dist/easymde.min.css">
<script src="https://unpkg.com/easymde/dist/easymde.min.js"></script>
Or jsDelivr:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/easymde/dist/easymde.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/easymde/dist/easymde.min.js"></script>
How to use
Loading the editor
After installing and/or importing the module, you can load EasyMDE onto the first textarea element on the web page:
<textarea></textarea>
<script>
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE();
</script>
Alternatively you can select a specific textarea, via JavaScript:
<textarea id="my-text-area"></textarea>
<script>
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE({element: document.getElementById('my-text-area')});
</script>
Editor functions
Use easyMDE.value() to get the content of the editor:
<script>
easyMDE.value();
</script>
Use easyMDE.value(val) to set the content of the editor:
<script>
easyMDE.value('New input for **EasyMDE**');
</script>
Configuration
Options list
- autoDownloadFontAwesome: If set to
true, force downloads Font Awesome (used for icons). If set tofalse, prevents downloading. Defaults toundefined, which will intelligently check whether Font Awesome has already been included, then download accordingly. - autofocus: If set to
true, focuses the editor automatically. Defaults tofalse. - autosave: Saves the text that's being written and will load it back in the future. It will forget the text when the form it's contained in is submitted.
- enabled: If set to
true, saves the text automatically. Defaults tofalse. - delay: Delay between saves, in milliseconds. Defaults to
10000(10 seconds). - submit_delay: Delay before assuming that submit of the form failed and saving the text, in milliseconds. Defaults to
autosave.delayor10000(10 seconds). - uniqueId: You must set a unique string identifier so that EasyMDE can autosave. Something that separates this from other instances of EasyMDE elsewhere on your website.
- timeFormat: Set DateTimeFormat. More information see DateTimeFormat instances. Default
locale: en-US, format: hour:minute. - text: Set text for autosave.
- enabled: If set to
- autoRefresh: Useful, when initializing the editor in a hidden DOM node. If set to
{ delay: 300 }, it will check every 300 ms if the editor is visible and if positive, call CodeMirror'srefresh(). - blockStyles: Customize how certain buttons that style blocks of text behave.
- bold: Can be set to
**or__. Defaults to**. - code: Can be set to
```or~~~. Defaults to```. - italic: Can be set to
*or_. Defaults to*.
- bold: Can be set to
- unorderedListStyle: can be
*,-or+. Defaults to*. - scrollbarStyle: Chooses a scrollbar implementation. The default is "native", showing native scrollbars. The core library also provides the "null" style, which completely hides the scrollbars. Addons can implement additional scrollbar models.
- element: The DOM element for the
textareaelement to use. Defaults to the firsttextareaelement on the page. - forceSync: If set to
true, force text changes made in EasyMDE to be immediately stored in original text area. Defaults tofalse. - hideIcons: An array of icon names to hide. Can be used to hide specific icons shown by default without completely customizing the toolbar.
- indentWithTabs: If set to
false, indent using spaces instead of tabs. Defaults totrue. - initialValue: If set, will customize the initial value of the editor.
- previewImagesInEditor: - EasyMDE will show preview of images,
falseby default, preview for images will appear only for images on separate lines. - imagesPreviewHandler: - A custom function for handling the preview of images. Takes the parsed string between the parantheses of the image markdown
as argument and returns a string that serves as thesrcattribute of the<img>tag in the preview. Enables dynamic previewing of images in the frontend without having to upload them to a server, allows copy-pasting of images to the editor with preview. - insertTexts: Customize how certain buttons that insert text behave. Takes an array with two elements. The first element will be the text inserted before the cursor or highlight, and the second element will be inserted after. For example, this is the default link value:
["[", "](http://)"].- horizontalRule
- image
- link
- table
- lineNumbers: If set to
true, enables line numbers in the editor. - lineWrapping: If set to
false, disable line wrapping. Defaults totrue. - minHeight: Sets the minimum height for the composition area, before it starts auto-growing. Should be a string containing a valid CSS value like
"500px". Defaults to"300px". - maxHeight: Sets fixed height for the composition area.
minHeightoption will be ignored. Should be a string containing a valid CSS value like"500px". Defaults toundefined. - onToggleFullScreen: A function that gets called when the editor's full screen mode is toggled. The function will be passed a boolean as parameter,
truewhen the editor is currently going into full screen mode, orfalse. - parsingConfig: Adjust settings for parsing the Markdown during editing (not previewing).
- allowAtxHeaderWithoutSpace: If set to
true, will render headers without a space after the#. Defaults tofalse. - strikethrough: If set to
false, will not process GFM strikethrough syntax. Defaults totrue. - underscoresBreakWords: If set to
true, let underscores be a delimiter for separating words. Defaults tofalse.
- allowAtxHeaderWithoutSpace: If set to
- overlayMode: Pass a custom codemirror overlay mode to parse and style the Markdown during editing.
- mode: A codemirror mode object.
- combine: If set to
false, will replace CSS classes returned by the default Markdown mode. Otherwise the classes returned by the custom mode will be combined with the classes returned by the default mode. Defaults totrue.
- placeholder: If set, displays a custom placeholder message.
- previewClass: A string or array of strings that will be applied to the preview screen when activated. Defaults to
"editor-preview". - previewRender: Custom function for parsing the plaintext Markdown and returning HTML. Used when user previews.
- promptURLs: If set to
true, a JS alert window appears asking for the link or image URL. Defaults tofalse. - promptTexts: Customize the text used to prompt for URLs.
- image: The text to use when prompting for an image's URL. Defaults to
URL of the image:. - link: The text to use when prompting for a link's URL. Defaults to
URL for the link:.
- image: The text to use when prompting for an image's URL. Defaults to
- uploadImage: If set to
true, enables the image upload functionality, which can be triggered by drag and drop, copy-paste and through the browse-file window (opened when the user click on the upload-image icon). Defaults tofalse. - imageMaxSize: Maximum image size in bytes, checked before upload (note: never trust client, always check the image size at server-side). Defaults to
1024 * 1024 * 2(2 MB). - imageAccept: A comma-separated list of mime-types used to check image type before upload (note: never trust client, always check file types at server-side). Defaults to
image/png, image/jpeg. - imageUploadFunction: A custom function for handling the image upload. Using this function will render the options
imageMaxSize,imageAccept,imageUploadEndpointandimageCSRFTokenineffective.- The function gets a file and
onSuccessandonErrorcallback functions as parameters.onSuccess(imageUrl: string)andonError(errorMessage: string)
- The function gets a file and
- imageUploadEndpoint: The endpoint where the images data will be sent, via an asynchronous POST request. The server is supposed to save this image, and return a JSON response.
- if the request was successfully processed (HTTP 200 OK):
{"data": {"filePath": "<filePath>"}}where filePath is the path of the image (absolute ifimagePathAbsoluteis set to true, relative if otherwise); - otherwise:
{"error": "<errorCode>"}, where errorCode can benoFileGiven(HTTP 400 Bad Request),typeNotAllowed(HTTP 415 Unsupported Media Type),fileTooLarge(HTTP 413 Payload Too Large) orimportError(see errorMessages below). If errorCode is not one of the errorMessages, it is alerted unchanged to the user. This allows for server-side error messages. No default value.
- if the request was successfully processed (HTTP 200 OK):
- imagePathAbsolute: If set to
true, will treatimageUrlfromimageUploadFunctionand filePath returned fromimageUploadEndpointas an absolute rather than relative path, i.e. not prependwindow.location.originto it. - imageCSRFToken: CSRF token to include with AJAX call to upload image. For various instances like Django, Spring and Laravel.
- imageCSRFName: CSRF token filed name to include with AJAX call to upload image, applied when
imageCSRFTokenhas value, defaults tocsrfmiddlewaretoken. - imageCSRFHeader: If set to
true, passing CSRF token via header. Defaults tofalse, which pass CSRF through request body. - imageTexts: Texts displayed to the user (mainly on the status bar) for the import image feature, where
#image_name#,#image_size#and#image_max_size#will replaced by their respective values, that can be used for customization or internationalization:- sbInit: Status message displayed initially if
uploadImageis set totrue. Defaults toAttach files by drag and dropping or pasting from clipboard.. - sbOnDragEnter: Status message displayed when the user drags a file to the text area. Defaults to
Drop image to upload it.. - sbOnDrop: Status message displayed when the user drops a file in the text area. Defaults to
Uploading images #images_names#. - sbProgress: Status message displayed to show uploading progress. Defaults to
Uploading #file_name#: #progress#%. - sbOnUploaded: Status message displayed when the image has been uploaded. Defaults to
Uploaded #image_name#. - sizeUnits: A comma-separated list of units used to display messages with human-readable file sizes. Defaults to
B, KB, MB(example:218 KB). You can useB,KB,MBinstead if you prefer without whitespaces (218KB).
- sbInit: Status message displayed initially if
- errorMessages: Errors displayed to the user, using the
errorCallbackoption, where#image_name#,#image_size#and#image_max_size#will replaced by their respective values, that can be used for customization or internationalization:- noFileGiven: The server did not receive any file from the user. Defaults to
You must select a file.. - typeNotAllowed: The user send a file type which doesn't match the
imageAcceptlist, or the server returned this error code. Defaults toThis image type is not allowed.. - fileTooLarge: The size of the image being imported is bigger than the
imageMaxSize, or if the server returned this error code. Defaults toImage #image_name# is too big (#image_size#).\nMaximum file size is #image_max_size#.. - importError: An unexpected error occurred when uploading the image. Defaults to
Something went wrong when uploading the image #image_name#..
- noFileGiven: The server did not receive any file from the user. Defaults to
- errorCallback: A callback function used to define how to display an error message. Defaults to
(errorMessage) => alert(errorMessage). - renderingConfig: Adjust settings for parsing the Markdown during previewing (not editing).
- codeSyntaxHighlighting: If set to
true, will highlight using highlight.js. Defaults tofalse. To use this feature you must include highlight.js on your page or pass in using thehljsoption. For example, include the script and the CSS files like:<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/highlight.js/latest/highlight.min.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/highlight.js/latest/styles/github.min.css"> - hljs: An injectible instance of highlight.js. If you don't want to rely on the global namespace (
window.hljs), you can provide an instance here. Defaults toundefined. - markedOptions: Set the internal Markdown renderer's options. Other
renderingConfigoptions will take precedence. - singleLineBreaks: If set to
false, disable parsing GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM) single line breaks. Defaults totrue. - sanitizerFunction: Custom function for sanitizing the HTML output of Markdown renderer.
- codeSyntaxHighlighting: If set to
- shortcuts: Keyboard shortcuts associated with this instance. Defaults to the array of shortcuts.
- showIcons: An array of icon names to show. Can be used to show specific icons hidden by default without completely customizing the toolbar.
- spellChecker: If set to
false, disable the spell checker. Defaults totrue. Optionally pass a CodeMirrorSpellChecker-compliant function. - inputStyle:
textareaorcontenteditable. Defaults totextareafor desktop andcontenteditablefor mobile.contenteditableoption is necessary to enable nativeSpellcheck. - nativeSpellcheck: If set to
false, disable native spell checker. Defaults totrue. - sideBySideFullscreen: If set to
false, allows side-by-side editing without going into fullscreen. Defaults totrue. - status: If set to
false, hide the status bar. Defaults to the array of built-in status bar items.- Optionally, you can set an array of status bar items to include, and in what order. You can even define your own custom status bar items.
- styleSelectedText: If set to
false, remove theCodeMirror-selectedtextclass from selected lines. Defaults totrue. - syncSideBySidePreviewScroll: If set to
false, disable syncing scroll in side by side mode. Defaults totrue. - tabSize: If set, customize the tab size. Defaults to
2. - theme: Override the theme. Defaults to
easymde. - toolbar: If set to
false, hide the toolbar. Defaults to the array of icons. - toolbarTips: If set to
false, disable toolbar button tips. Defaults totrue. - direction:
rtlorltr. Changes text direction to support right-to-left languages. Defaults toltr.
Options example
Most options demonstrate the non-default behavior:
const editor = new EasyMDE({
autofocus: true,
autosave: {
enabled: true,
uniqueId: "MyUniqueID",
delay: 1000,
submit_delay: 5000,
timeFormat: {
locale: 'en-US',
format: {
year: 'numeric',
month: 'long',
day: '2-digit',
hour: '2-digit',
minute: '2-digit',
},
},
text: "Autosaved: "
},
blockStyles: {
bold: "__",
italic: "_",
},
unorderedListStyle: "-",
element: document.getElementById("MyID"),
forceSync: true,
hideIcons: ["guide", "heading"],
indentWithTabs: false,
initialValue: "Hello world!",
insertTexts: {
horizontalRule: ["", "\n\n-----\n\n"],
image: ["![](http://", ")"],
link: ["[", "](https://)"],
table: ["", "\n\n| Column 1 | Column 2 | Column 3 |\n| -------- | -------- | -------- |\n| Text | Text | Text |\n\n"],
},
lineWrapping: false,
minHeight: "500px",
parsingConfig: {
allowAtxHeaderWithoutSpace: true,
strikethrough: false,
underscoresBreakWords: true,
},
placeholder: "Type here...",
previewClass: "my-custom-styling",
previewClass: ["my-custom-styling", "more-custom-styling"],
previewRender: (plainText) => customMarkdownParser(plainText), // Returns HTML from a custom parser
previewRender: (plainText, preview) => { // Async method
setTimeout(() => {
preview.innerHTML = customMarkdownParser(plainText);
}, 250);
return "Loading...";
},
promptURLs: true,
promptTexts: {
image: "Custom prompt for URL:",
link: "Custom prompt for URL:",
},
renderingConfig: {
singleLineBreaks: false,
codeSyntaxHighlighting: true,
sanitizerFunction: (renderedHTML) => {
// Using DOMPurify and only allowing <b> tags
return DOMPurify.sanitize(renderedHTML, {ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b']})
},
},
shortcuts: {
drawTable: "Cmd-Alt-T"
},
showIcons: ["code", "table"],
spellChecker: false,
status: false,
status: ["autosave", "lines", "words", "cursor"], // Optional usage
status: ["autosave", "lines", "words", "cursor", {
className: "keystrokes",
defaultValue: (el) => {
el.setAttribute('data-keystrokes', 0);
},
onUpdate: (el) => {
const keystrokes = Number(el.getAttribute('data-keystrokes')) + 1;
el.innerHTML = `${keystrokes} Keystrokes`;
el.setAttribute('data-keystrokes', keystrokes);
},
}], // Another optional usage, with a custom status bar item that counts keystrokes
styleSelectedText: false,
sideBySideFullscreen: false,
syncSideBySidePreviewScroll: false,
tabSize: 4,
toolbar: false,
toolbarTips: false,
});
Toolbar icons
Below are the built-in toolbar icons (only some of which are enabled by default), which can be reorganized however you like. "Name" is the name of the icon, referenced in the JavaScript. "Action" is either a function or a URL to open. "Class" is the class given to the icon. "Tooltip" is the small tooltip that appears via the title="" attribute. Note that shortcut hints are added automatically and reflect the specified action if it has a key bind assigned to it (i.e. with the value of action set to bold and that of tooltip set to Bold, the final text the user will see would be "Bold (Ctrl-B)").
Additionally, you can add a separator between any icons by adding "|" to the toolbar array.
| Name | Action | Tooltip Class |
|---|---|---|
| bold | toggleBold | Bold fa fa-bold |
| italic | toggleItalic | Italic fa fa-italic |
| strikethrough | toggleStrikethrough | Strikethrough fa fa-strikethrough |
| heading | toggleHeadingSmaller | Heading fa fa-header |
| heading-smaller | toggleHeadingSmaller | Smaller Heading fa fa-header |
| heading-bigger | toggleHeadingBigger | Bigger Heading fa fa-lg fa-header |
| heading-1 | toggleHeading1 | Big Heading fa fa-header header-1 |
| heading-2 | toggleHeading2 | Medium Heading fa fa-header header-2 |
| heading-3 | toggleHeading3 | Small Heading fa fa-header header-3 |
| code | toggleCodeBlock | Code fa fa-code |
| quote | toggleBlockquote | Quote fa fa-quote-left |
| unordered-list | toggleUnorderedList | Generic List fa fa-list-ul |
| ordered-list | toggleOrderedList | Numbered List fa fa-list-ol |
| clean-block | cleanBlock | Clean block fa fa-eraser |
| link | drawLink | Create Link fa fa-link |
| image | drawImage | Insert Image fa fa-picture-o |
| table | drawTable | Insert Table fa fa-table |
| horizontal-rule | drawHorizontalRule | Insert Horizontal Line fa fa-minus |
| preview | togglePreview | Toggle Preview fa fa-eye no-disable |
| side-by-side | toggleSideBySide | Toggle Side by Side fa fa-columns no-disable no-mobile |
| fullscreen | toggleFullScreen | Toggle Fullscreen fa fa-arrows-alt no-disable no-mobile |
| guide | This link | Markdown Guide fa fa-question-circle |
| undo | undo | Undo fa fa-undo |
| redo | redo | Redo fa fa-redo |
Toolbar customization
Customize the toolbar using the toolbar option.
Only the order of existing buttons:
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE({
toolbar: ["bold", "italic", "heading", "|", "quote"]
});
All information and/or add your own icons
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE({
toolbar: [
{
name: "bold",
action: EasyMDE.toggleBold,
className: "fa fa-bold",
title: "Bold",
},
"italics", // shortcut to pre-made button
{
name: "custom",
action: (editor) => {
// Add your own code
},
className: "fa fa-star",
title: "Custom Button",
attributes: { // for custom attributes
id: "custom-id",
"data-value": "custom value" // HTML5 data-* attributes need to be enclosed in quotation marks ("") because of the dash (-) in its name.
}
},
"|" // Separator
// [, ...]
]
});
Put some buttons on dropdown menu
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE({
toolbar: [{
name: "heading",
action: EasyMDE.toggleHeadingSmaller,
className: "fa fa-header",
title: "Headers",
},
"|",
{
name: "others",
className: "fa fa-blind",
title: "others buttons",
children: [
{
name: "image",
action: EasyMDE.drawImage,
className: "fa fa-picture-o",
title: "Image",
},
{
name: "quote",
action: EasyMDE.toggleBlockquote,
className: "fa fa-percent",
title: "Quote",
},
{
name: "link",
action: EasyMDE.drawLink,
className: "fa fa-link",
title: "Link",
}
]
},
// [, ...]
]
});
Keyboard shortcuts
EasyMDE comes with an array of predefined keyboard shortcuts, but they can be altered with a configuration option. The list of default ones is as follows:
| Shortcut (Windows / Linux) | Shortcut (macOS) | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Ctrl-' | Cmd-' | "toggleBlockquote" |
| Ctrl-B | Cmd-B | "toggleBold" |
| Ctrl-E | Cmd-E | "cleanBlock" |
| Ctrl-H | Cmd-H | "toggleHeadingSmaller" |
| Ctrl-I | Cmd-I | "toggleItalic" |
| Ctrl-K | Cmd-K | "drawLink" |
| Ctrl-L | Cmd-L | "toggleUnorderedList" |
| Ctrl-P | Cmd-P | "togglePreview" |
| Ctrl-Alt-C | Cmd-Alt-C | "toggleCodeBlock" |
| Ctrl-Alt-I | Cmd-Alt-I | "drawImage" |
| Ctrl-Alt-L | Cmd-Alt-L | "toggleOrderedList" |
| Shift-Ctrl-H | Shift-Cmd-H | "toggleHeadingBigger" |
| F9 | F9 | "toggleSideBySide" |
| F11 | F11 | "toggleFullScreen" |
Here is how you can change a few, while leaving others untouched:
const editor = new EasyMDE({
shortcuts: {
"toggleOrderedList": "Ctrl-Alt-K", // alter the shortcut for toggleOrderedList
"toggleCodeBlock": null, // unbind Ctrl-Alt-C
"drawTable": "Cmd-Alt-T", // bind Cmd-Alt-T to drawTable action, which doesn't come with a default shortcut
}
});
Shortcuts are automatically converted between platforms. If you define a shortcut as "Cmd-B", on PC that shortcut will be changed to "Ctrl-B". Conversely, a shortcut defined as "Ctrl-B" will become "Cmd-B" for Mac users.
The list of actions that can be bound is the same as the list of built-in actions available for toolbar buttons.
Advanced use
Event handling
You can catch the following list of events: https://codemirror.net/doc/manual.html#events
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE();
easyMDE.codemirror.on("change", () => {
console.log(easyMDE.value());
});
Removing EasyMDE from text area
You can revert to the initial text area by calling the toTextArea method. Note that this clears up the autosave (if enabled) associated with it. The text area will retain any text from the destroyed EasyMDE instance.
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE();
// ...
easyMDE.toTextArea();
easyMDE = null;
If you need to remove registered event listeners (when the editor is not needed anymore), call easyMDE.cleanup().
Useful methods
The following self-explanatory methods may be of use while developing with EasyMDE.
const easyMDE = new EasyMDE();
easyMDE.isPreviewActive(); // returns boolean
easyMDE.isSideBySideActive(); // returns boolean
easyMDE.isFullscreenActive(); // returns boolean
easyMDE.clearAutosavedValue(); // no returned value
How it works
EasyMDE is a continuation of SimpleMDE.
SimpleMDE began as an improvement of lepture's Editor project, but has now taken on an identity of its own. It is bundled with CodeMirror and depends on Font Awesome.
CodeMirror is the backbone of the project and parses much of the Markdown syntax as it's being written. This allows us to add styles to the Markdown that's being written. Additionally, a toolbar and status bar have been added to the top and bottom, respectively. Previews are rendered by Marked using GitHub Flavored Markdown (GFM).
SimpleMDE fork
I originally made this fork to implement FontAwesome 5 compatibility into SimpleMDE. When that was done I submitted a pull request, which has not been accepted yet. This, and the project being inactive since May 2017, triggered me to make more changes and try to put new life into the project.
Changes include:
- FontAwesome 5 compatibility
- Guide button works when editor is in preview mode
- Links are now
https://by default - Small styling changes
- Support for Node 8 and beyond
- Lots of refactored code
- Links in preview will open in a new tab by default
- TypeScript support
My intention is to continue development on this project, improving it and keeping it alive.
Hacking EasyMDE
You may want to edit this library to adapt its behavior to your needs. This can be done in some quick steps:
- Follow the prerequisites and installation instructions in the contribution guide;
- Do your changes;
- Run
gulpcommand, which will generate files:dist/easymde.min.cssanddist/easymde.min.js; - Copy-paste those files to your code base, and you are done.
Contributing
Want to contribute to EasyMDE? Thank you! We have a contribution guide just for you!
Author: Ionaru
Source Code: https://github.com/Ionaru/easy-markdown-editor
License: MIT license
1655630160
PyTumblr: A Python Tumblr API v2 Client
PyTumblr
Installation
Install via pip:
$ pip install pytumblrInstall from source:
$ git clone https://github.com/tumblr/pytumblr.git
$ cd pytumblr
$ python setup.py installUsage
Create a client
A pytumblr.TumblrRestClient is the object you'll make all of your calls to the Tumblr API through. Creating one is this easy:
client = pytumblr.TumblrRestClient(
'<consumer_key>',
'<consumer_secret>',
'<oauth_token>',
'<oauth_secret>',
)
client.info() # Grabs the current user informationTwo easy ways to get your credentials to are:
- The built-in
interactive_console.pytool (if you already have a consumer key & secret) - The Tumblr API console at https://api.tumblr.com/console
- Get sample login code at https://api.tumblr.com/console/calls/user/info
Supported Methods
User Methods
client.info() # get information about the authenticating user
client.dashboard() # get the dashboard for the authenticating user
client.likes() # get the likes for the authenticating user
client.following() # get the blogs followed by the authenticating user
client.follow('codingjester.tumblr.com') # follow a blog
client.unfollow('codingjester.tumblr.com') # unfollow a blog
client.like(id, reblogkey) # like a post
client.unlike(id, reblogkey) # unlike a postBlog Methods
client.blog_info(blogName) # get information about a blog
client.posts(blogName, **params) # get posts for a blog
client.avatar(blogName) # get the avatar for a blog
client.blog_likes(blogName) # get the likes on a blog
client.followers(blogName) # get the followers of a blog
client.blog_following(blogName) # get the publicly exposed blogs that [blogName] follows
client.queue(blogName) # get the queue for a given blog
client.submission(blogName) # get the submissions for a given blogPost Methods
Creating posts
PyTumblr lets you create all of the various types that Tumblr supports. When using these types there are a few defaults that are able to be used with any post type.
The default supported types are described below.
- state - a string, the state of the post. Supported types are published, draft, queue, private
- tags - a list, a list of strings that you want tagged on the post. eg: ["testing", "magic", "1"]
- tweet - a string, the string of the customized tweet you want. eg: "Man I love my mega awesome post!"
- date - a string, the customized GMT that you want
- format - a string, the format that your post is in. Support types are html or markdown
- slug - a string, the slug for the url of the post you want
We'll show examples throughout of these default examples while showcasing all the specific post types.
Creating a photo post
Creating a photo post supports a bunch of different options plus the described default options * caption - a string, the user supplied caption * link - a string, the "click-through" url for the photo * source - a string, the url for the photo you want to use (use this or the data parameter) * data - a list or string, a list of filepaths or a single file path for multipart file upload
#Creates a photo post using a source URL
client.create_photo(blogName, state="published", tags=["testing", "ok"],
source="https://68.media.tumblr.com/b965fbb2e501610a29d80ffb6fb3e1ad/tumblr_n55vdeTse11rn1906o1_500.jpg")
#Creates a photo post using a local filepath
client.create_photo(blogName, state="queue", tags=["testing", "ok"],
tweet="Woah this is an incredible sweet post [URL]",
data="/Users/johnb/path/to/my/image.jpg")
#Creates a photoset post using several local filepaths
client.create_photo(blogName, state="draft", tags=["jb is cool"], format="markdown",
data=["/Users/johnb/path/to/my/image.jpg", "/Users/johnb/Pictures/kittens.jpg"],
caption="## Mega sweet kittens")Creating a text post
Creating a text post supports the same options as default and just a two other parameters * title - a string, the optional title for the post. Supports markdown or html * body - a string, the body of the of the post. Supports markdown or html
#Creating a text post
client.create_text(blogName, state="published", slug="testing-text-posts", title="Testing", body="testing1 2 3 4")Creating a quote post
Creating a quote post supports the same options as default and two other parameter * quote - a string, the full text of the qote. Supports markdown or html * source - a string, the cited source. HTML supported
#Creating a quote post
client.create_quote(blogName, state="queue", quote="I am the Walrus", source="Ringo")Creating a link post
- title - a string, the title of post that you want. Supports HTML entities.
- url - a string, the url that you want to create a link post for.
- description - a string, the desciption of the link that you have
#Create a link post
client.create_link(blogName, title="I like to search things, you should too.", url="https://duckduckgo.com",
description="Search is pretty cool when a duck does it.")Creating a chat post
Creating a chat post supports the same options as default and two other parameters * title - a string, the title of the chat post * conversation - a string, the text of the conversation/chat, with diablog labels (no html)
#Create a chat post
chat = """John: Testing can be fun!
Renee: Testing is tedious and so are you.
John: Aw.
"""
client.create_chat(blogName, title="Renee just doesn't understand.", conversation=chat, tags=["renee", "testing"])Creating an audio post
Creating an audio post allows for all default options and a has 3 other parameters. The only thing to keep in mind while dealing with audio posts is to make sure that you use the external_url parameter or data. You cannot use both at the same time. * caption - a string, the caption for your post * external_url - a string, the url of the site that hosts the audio file * data - a string, the filepath of the audio file you want to upload to Tumblr
#Creating an audio file
client.create_audio(blogName, caption="Rock out.", data="/Users/johnb/Music/my/new/sweet/album.mp3")
#lets use soundcloud!
client.create_audio(blogName, caption="Mega rock out.", external_url="https://soundcloud.com/skrillex/sets/recess")Creating a video post
Creating a video post allows for all default options and has three other options. Like the other post types, it has some restrictions. You cannot use the embed and data parameters at the same time. * caption - a string, the caption for your post * embed - a string, the HTML embed code for the video * data - a string, the path of the file you want to upload
#Creating an upload from YouTube
client.create_video(blogName, caption="Jon Snow. Mega ridiculous sword.",
embed="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=40pUYLacrj4")
#Creating a video post from local file
client.create_video(blogName, caption="testing", data="/Users/johnb/testing/ok/blah.mov")Editing a post
Updating a post requires you knowing what type a post you're updating. You'll be able to supply to the post any of the options given above for updates.
client.edit_post(blogName, id=post_id, type="text", title="Updated")
client.edit_post(blogName, id=post_id, type="photo", data="/Users/johnb/mega/awesome.jpg")Reblogging a Post
Reblogging a post just requires knowing the post id and the reblog key, which is supplied in the JSON of any post object.
client.reblog(blogName, id=125356, reblog_key="reblog_key")Deleting a post
Deleting just requires that you own the post and have the post id
client.delete_post(blogName, 123456) # Deletes your post :(A note on tags: When passing tags, as params, please pass them as a list (not a comma-separated string):
client.create_text(blogName, tags=['hello', 'world'], ...)Getting notes for a post
In order to get the notes for a post, you need to have the post id and the blog that it is on.
data = client.notes(blogName, id='123456')The results include a timestamp you can use to make future calls.
data = client.notes(blogName, id='123456', before_timestamp=data["_links"]["next"]["query_params"]["before_timestamp"])Tagged Methods
# get posts with a given tag
client.tagged(tag, **params)Using the interactive console
This client comes with a nice interactive console to run you through the OAuth process, grab your tokens (and store them for future use).
You'll need pyyaml installed to run it, but then it's just:
$ python interactive-console.pyand away you go! Tokens are stored in ~/.tumblr and are also shared by other Tumblr API clients like the Ruby client.
Running tests
The tests (and coverage reports) are run with nose, like this:
python setup.py testAuthor: tumblr
Source Code: https://github.com/tumblr/pytumblr
License: Apache-2.0 license
1626804540
How to Create A Blur Effect on Image - Introduction and Learn HTML5 and CSS3
Want to learn HTML5 and CSS3 from scratch?
This is the 27th episode of my “Learn HTML5 and CSS3” course. In this course, we will learn everything about how we can create markup for a website. At the end of the course, I will add some full tutorials where I will be creating famous websites from scratch. So, if you have any suggestions, just let me know and I might make a video about it!
In this episode, I want to create a pretty cool blur effect on an image.
#css3 #html5 #blur effect
1669003576
Exploring Mutable and Immutable in Python
In this Python article, let's learn about Mutable and Immutable in Python.
Mutable and Immutable in Python
Mutable is a fancy way of saying that the internal state of the object is changed/mutated. So, the simplest definition is: An object whose internal state can be changed is mutable. On the other hand, immutable doesn’t allow any change in the object once it has been created.
Both of these states are integral to Python data structure. If you want to become more knowledgeable in the entire Python Data Structure, take this free course which covers multiple data structures in Python including tuple data structure which is immutable. You will also receive a certificate on completion which is sure to add value to your portfolio.
Mutable Definition
Mutable is when something is changeable or has the ability to change. In Python, ‘mutable’ is the ability of objects to change their values. These are often the objects that store a collection of data.
Immutable Definition
Immutable is the when no change is possible over time. In Python, if the value of an object cannot be changed over time, then it is known as immutable. Once created, the value of these objects is permanent.
List of Mutable and Immutable objects
Objects of built-in type that are mutable are:
- Lists
- Sets
- Dictionaries
- User-Defined Classes (It purely depends upon the user to define the characteristics)
Objects of built-in type that are immutable are:
- Numbers (Integer, Rational, Float, Decimal, Complex & Booleans)
- Strings
- Tuples
- Frozen Sets
- User-Defined Classes (It purely depends upon the user to define the characteristics)
Object mutability is one of the characteristics that makes Python a dynamically typed language. Though Mutable and Immutable in Python is a very basic concept, it can at times be a little confusing due to the intransitive nature of immutability.
Objects in Python
In Python, everything is treated as an object. Every object has these three attributes:
- Identity – This refers to the address that the object refers to in the computer’s memory.
- Type – This refers to the kind of object that is created. For example- integer, list, string etc.
- Value – This refers to the value stored by the object. For example – List=[1,2,3] would hold the numbers 1,2 and 3
While ID and Type cannot be changed once it’s created, values can be changed for Mutable objects.
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Mutable Objects in Python
I believe, rather than diving deep into the theory aspects of mutable and immutable in Python, a simple code would be the best way to depict what it means in Python. Hence, let us discuss the below code step-by-step:
#Creating a list which contains name of Indian cities
cities = [‘Delhi’, ‘Mumbai’, ‘Kolkata’]
# Printing the elements from the list cities, separated by a comma & space
for city in cities:
print(city, end=’, ’)
Output [1]: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata
#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(cities)))
Output [2]: 0x1691d7de8c8
#Adding a new city to the list cities
cities.append(‘Chennai’)
#Printing the elements from the list cities, separated by a comma & space
for city in cities:
print(city, end=’, ’)
Output [3]: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai
#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(cities)))
Output [4]: 0x1691d7de8c8
The above example shows us that we were able to change the internal state of the object ‘cities’ by adding one more city ‘Chennai’ to it, yet, the memory address of the object did not change. This confirms that we did not create a new object, rather, the same object was changed or mutated. Hence, we can say that the object which is a type of list with reference variable name ‘cities’ is a MUTABLE OBJECT.
Let us now discuss the term IMMUTABLE. Considering that we understood what mutable stands for, it is obvious that the definition of immutable will have ‘NOT’ included in it. Here is the simplest definition of immutable– An object whose internal state can NOT be changed is IMMUTABLE.
Again, if you try and concentrate on different error messages, you have encountered, thrown by the respective IDE; you use you would be able to identify the immutable objects in Python. For instance, consider the below code & associated error message with it, while trying to change the value of a Tuple at index 0.
#Creating a Tuple with variable name ‘foo’
foo = (1, 2)
#Changing the index[0] value from 1 to 3
foo[0] = 3
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
Immutable Objects in Python
Once again, a simple code would be the best way to depict what immutable stands for. Hence, let us discuss the below code step-by-step:
#Creating a Tuple which contains English name of weekdays
weekdays = ‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’, ‘Saturday’
# Printing the elements of tuple weekdays
print(weekdays)
Output [1]: (‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’, ‘Saturday’)
#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(weekdays)))
Output [2]: 0x1691cc35090
#tuples are immutable, so you cannot add new elements, hence, using merge of tuples with the # + operator to add a new imaginary day in the tuple ‘weekdays’
weekdays += ‘Pythonday’,
#Printing the elements of tuple weekdays
print(weekdays)
Output [3]: (‘Sunday’, ‘Monday’, ‘Tuesday’, ‘Wednesday’, ‘Thursday’, ‘Friday’, ‘Saturday’, ‘Pythonday’)
#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(weekdays)))
Output [4]: 0x1691cc8ad68
This above example shows that we were able to use the same variable name that is referencing an object which is a type of tuple with seven elements in it. However, the ID or the memory location of the old & new tuple is not the same. We were not able to change the internal state of the object ‘weekdays’. The Python program manager created a new object in the memory address and the variable name ‘weekdays’ started referencing the new object with eight elements in it. Hence, we can say that the object which is a type of tuple with reference variable name ‘weekdays’ is an IMMUTABLE OBJECT.
Also Read: Understanding the Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) in Python
Where can you use mutable and immutable objects:
Mutable objects can be used where you want to allow for any updates. For example, you have a list of employee names in your organizations, and that needs to be updated every time a new member is hired. You can create a mutable list, and it can be updated easily.
Immutability offers a lot of useful applications to different sensitive tasks we do in a network centred environment where we allow for parallel processing. By creating immutable objects, you seal the values and ensure that no threads can invoke overwrite/update to your data. This is also useful in situations where you would like to write a piece of code that cannot be modified. For example, a debug code that attempts to find the value of an immutable object.
Watch outs: Non transitive nature of Immutability:
OK! Now we do understand what mutable & immutable objects in Python are. Let’s go ahead and discuss the combination of these two and explore the possibilities. Let’s discuss, as to how will it behave if you have an immutable object which contains the mutable object(s)? Or vice versa? Let us again use a code to understand this behaviour–
#creating a tuple (immutable object) which contains 2 lists(mutable) as it’s elements
#The elements (lists) contains the name, age & gender
person = (['Ayaan', 5, 'Male'], ['Aaradhya', 8, 'Female'])
#printing the tuple
print(person)
Output [1]: (['Ayaan', 5, 'Male'], ['Aaradhya', 8, 'Female'])
#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(person)))
Output [2]: 0x1691ef47f88
#Changing the age for the 1st element. Selecting 1st element of tuple by using indexing [0] then 2nd element of the list by using indexing [1] and assigning a new value for age as 4
person[0][1] = 4
#printing the updated tuple
print(person)
Output [3]: (['Ayaan', 4, 'Male'], ['Aaradhya', 8, 'Female'])
#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(person)))
Output [4]: 0x1691ef47f88
In the above code, you can see that the object ‘person’ is immutable since it is a type of tuple. However, it has two lists as it’s elements, and we can change the state of lists (lists being mutable). So, here we did not change the object reference inside the Tuple, but the referenced object was mutated.
Also Read: Real-Time Object Detection Using TensorFlow
Same way, let’s explore how it will behave if you have a mutable object which contains an immutable object? Let us again use a code to understand the behaviour–
#creating a list (mutable object) which contains tuples(immutable) as it’s elements
list1 = [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]
#printing the list
print(list1)
Output [1]: [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]
#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(list1)))
Output [2]: 0x1691d5b13c8 #changing object reference at index 0
list1[0] = (7, 8, 9)
#printing the list
Output [3]: [(7, 8, 9), (4, 5, 6)]#printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(list1)))
Output [4]: 0x1691d5b13c8
As an individual, it completely depends upon you and your requirements as to what kind of data structure you would like to create with a combination of mutable & immutable objects. I hope that this information will help you while deciding the type of object you would like to select going forward.
Before I end our discussion on IMMUTABILITY, allow me to use the word ‘CAVITE’ when we discuss the String and Integers. There is an exception, and you may see some surprising results while checking the truthiness for immutability. For instance:
#creating an object of integer type with value 10 and reference variable name ‘x’
x = 10
#printing the value of ‘x’
print(x)
Output [1]: 10
#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(x)))
Output [2]: 0x538fb560
#creating an object of integer type with value 10 and reference variable name ‘y’
y = 10
#printing the value of ‘y’
print(y)
Output [3]: 10
#Printing the location of the object created in the memory address in hexadecimal format
print(hex(id(y)))
Output [4]: 0x538fb560
As per our discussion and understanding, so far, the memory address for x & y should have been different, since, 10 is an instance of Integer class which is immutable. However, as shown in the above code, it has the same memory address. This is not something that we expected. It seems that what we have understood and discussed, has an exception as well.
Quick check – Python Data Structures
Immutability of Tuple
Tuples are immutable and hence cannot have any changes in them once they are created in Python. This is because they support the same sequence operations as strings. We all know that strings are immutable. The index operator will select an element from a tuple just like in a string. Hence, they are immutable.
Exceptions in immutability
Like all, there are exceptions in the immutability in python too. Not all immutable objects are really mutable. This will lead to a lot of doubts in your mind. Let us just take an example to understand this.
Consider a tuple ‘tup’.
Now, if we consider tuple tup = (‘GreatLearning’,[4,3,1,2]) ;
We see that the tuple has elements of different data types. The first element here is a string which as we all know is immutable in nature. The second element is a list which we all know is mutable. Now, we all know that the tuple itself is an immutable data type. It cannot change its contents. But, the list inside it can change its contents. So, the value of the Immutable objects cannot be changed but its constituent objects can. change its value.
FAQs
1. Difference between mutable vs immutable in Python?
| Mutable Object | Immutable Object |
| State of the object can be modified after it is created. | State of the object can’t be modified once it is created. |
| They are not thread safe. | They are thread safe |
| Mutable classes are not final. | It is important to make the class final before creating an immutable object. |
2. What are the mutable and immutable data types in Python?
- Some mutable data types in Python are:
list, dictionary, set, user-defined classes.
- Some immutable data types are:
int, float, decimal, bool, string, tuple, range.
3. Are lists mutable in Python?
Lists in Python are mutable data types as the elements of the list can be modified, individual elements can be replaced, and the order of elements can be changed even after the list has been created.
(Examples related to lists have been discussed earlier in this blog.)
4. Why are tuples called immutable types?
Tuple and list data structures are very similar, but one big difference between the data types is that lists are mutable, whereas tuples are immutable. The reason for the tuple’s immutability is that once the elements are added to the tuple and the tuple has been created; it remains unchanged.
A programmer would always prefer building a code that can be reused instead of making the whole data object again. Still, even though tuples are immutable, like lists, they can contain any Python object, including mutable objects.
5. Are sets mutable in Python?
A set is an iterable unordered collection of data type which can be used to perform mathematical operations (like union, intersection, difference etc.). Every element in a set is unique and immutable, i.e. no duplicate values should be there, and the values can’t be changed. However, we can add or remove items from the set as the set itself is mutable.
6. Are strings mutable in Python?
Strings are not mutable in Python. Strings are a immutable data types which means that its value cannot be updated.
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Original article source at: https://www.mygreatlearning.com
1626749400
How to Create Links in HTML5 - Introduction and Learn HTML5 and CSS3.
Want to learn HTML5 and CSS3 from scratch?
This is the twelfth episode of my “Learn HTML5 and CSS3” course. In this course, we will learn everything about how we can create markup for a website. At the end of the course, I will add some full tutorials where I will be creating famous websites from scratch. So, if you have any suggestions, just let me know and I might make a video about it!
In this episode, I want to focus on creating links in HTML5. Links are very important because it is a connection from one website to another, or to another page on your own domain by clicking on words, phrases, or even images.
#css3 #html5 #create links in html5