JavaScript End to End Testing for Web Apps - Cypress

Software testing plays a crucial role in the software development process. I like this quote below by the great Aristotle, which is applicable to us in the modern world as software developers.

“Quality is not an act, it is a habit” – Aristotle

Overlooking testing is a common problem that we need to overcome intentionally as developers. In this article I am going to give you a brief overview about Cypress, a super fast and intuitive way to end to end test your web applications. But before we learn about Cypress, we need to understand what end to end tests really are.

What are End to End Tests?

End to end testing is used to test the full flow of an application. The goal of an end to end test, is to interact with the application like an end user does. Manual end to end tests are still practiced in several development teams. This means, QAs and developers have to manually click through an application and test its flow. This as you can predict takes plenty of hours, and is error prone. We could easily miss testing certain workflows and have uncaught bugs.

Automated end to end tests, test an application from start to finish, by simulating a real user scenario.

Benefits of good automated end to end tests are plenty. Some of them are listed below:

• Catches bug early on
• Saves hours spent on manual testing
• High quality software

What is Cypress?

Cypress is a fast, easy, and reliable end-to-end testing framework for anything that runs on your browser. Cypress is open-sourced and written in JavaScript. Traditionally, end to end tests are usually slower and more expensive. With Cypress, there is a significant improvement to the end to end testing experience.

Cypress provides a complete end-to-end testing experience that can test anything that runs on the browser

Benefits of Cypress:

• Faster
• Easy setup
• Easy to write and run tests
• Overall less expensive for development teams to write end to end tests.

Cypress offer some awesome features like time travel debugging, automatic waiting, along with screenshot and videos as well.

Install and Run Cypress Tests

Getting setup and going with Cypress is quite simple. To get Cypress integrated within your project you can install it using the command below. You can use Cypress with any of your frontend projects, it can be in React, Angular, Vue or just plain JavaScript. Depending on whether you use npm or _yarn _ you can use either commands to install.

npm install cypress --save-dev

or

yarn add cypress --dev

On VS Code, there is an awesome plugin for Cypress, named Cypress Snippets. Make sure to install it, and that can provide code snippets for your Cypress code within VS Code.

By default, if you integrate Cypress within an existing project, it generates sub-folders within the main cypressfolder. The folder structure is as shown in the picture below with folders for fixtures, integration, plugins and support.

The integration folder is where you will add your Cypress test files.

Writing Your First Test

Within the integration folder, create a new test file with the extension .js. Let’s call it _first_spec.js. _I am going to write a simple test to validate that the client is running at a certain url. Let’s say your web app is running at http:_localhost:4100. _We are going to write a quick test to ensure that the app indeed loads at that url.

/// <reference types="Cypress"/>

describe ('My First Test Suite', () => {

    it('test url works', () => {
        cy.visit('http://localhost:4100')
    });
})

We can enable IntelliSense on VS Code, using the first line on the code snippet above. This makes our IDE provide intelligent code suggestions. Notice, that the test uses keywords like _describe _and _it. _These maybe familiar to you from other testing frameworks as well. They come from Mocha, another popular testing framework.

We are using a Cypress command visit to that visits a given URL. Cypress comes with many commands that facilitate you to test your application. All Cypress commands begin with cy. followed by the name of the command. The _visit _command takes a url as an argument.

Our test file is complete, and it is time to run it.

Running Your Test

You can run your Cypress tests either from command line or from the Cypress test runner. I like the visual features of the Cypress test runner. To open the Cypress test runner, run the following command.

npm run cypress:open

This command, open the test runner as shown below:

Within the Cypress test runner, you can select the test you want to run, and also pick a browser to rub the tests against. Since we have only one test written so far, we see that on the test runner. Clicking on this test will run it on a new browser.

You will notice how fast the Cypress test runs and you can also see how Cypress interacts with the application just like a real user does. On the left side you can see the tests executing and each command and assertion is displayed, and on the right you can see the browser opens up and runs the application. Cypress visits the url localhost:4100 and the web app is running locally. This means our initial end-to-end test passed! Yay!

You can try this out with your web app as well, and this will get you all ready to start writing Cypress tests.

Next Steps

We just scratched the surface here with Cypress. I gave you a quick overview on Cypress, and getting setup and started with it. We will cover more on Cypress tests in the upcoming articles.

You can also checkout my course linked below on Cypress, where I teach Cypress from scratch, and write Cypress tests for a real world application.

Cypress End-to-end JavaScript Testing by Adhithi Ravichandran

Other Resources:

https://www.cypress.io/

I hope you enjoyed this article. If you liked this post, don’t forget to share it with your network. You can follow me on twitter @AdhithiRavi for more updates or if you have any questions.

The Original Article can be found on programmingwithmosh.com

#javascript #testing #developer

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

How long does it take to develop/build an app?

With more of us using smartphones, the popularity of mobile applications has exploded. In the digital era, the number of people looking for products and services online is growing rapidly. Smartphone owners look for mobile applications that give them quick access to companies’ products and services. As a result, mobile apps provide customers with a lot of benefits in just one device.

Likewise, companies use mobile apps to increase customer loyalty and improve their services. Mobile Developers are in high demand as companies use apps not only to create brand awareness but also to gather information. For that reason, mobile apps are used as tools to collect valuable data from customers to help companies improve their offer.

There are many types of mobile applications, each with its own advantages. For example, native apps perform better, while web apps don’t need to be customized for the platform or operating system (OS). Likewise, hybrid apps provide users with comfortable user experience. However, you may be wondering how long it takes to develop an app.

To give you an idea of how long the app development process takes, here’s a short guide.

App Idea & Research

_Average time spent: two to five weeks _

This is the initial stage and a crucial step in setting the project in the right direction. In this stage, you brainstorm ideas and select the best one. Apart from that, you’ll need to do some research to see if your idea is viable. Remember that coming up with an idea is easy; the hard part is to make it a reality.

All your ideas may seem viable, but you still have to run some tests to keep it as real as possible. For that reason, when Web Developers are building a web app, they analyze the available ideas to see which one is the best match for the targeted audience.

Targeting the right audience is crucial when you are developing an app. It saves time when shaping the app in the right direction as you have a clear set of objectives. Likewise, analyzing how the app affects the market is essential. During the research process, App Developers must gather information about potential competitors and threats. This helps the app owners develop strategies to tackle difficulties that come up after the launch.

The research process can take several weeks, but it determines how successful your app can be. For that reason, you must take your time to know all the weaknesses and strengths of the competitors, possible app strategies, and targeted audience.

The outcomes of this stage are app prototypes and the minimum feasible product.

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How to start an electric scooter facility/fleet in a university campus/IT park

Are you leading an organization that has a large campus, e.g., a large university? You are probably thinking of introducing an electric scooter/bicycle fleet on the campus, and why wouldn’t you?

Introducing micro-mobility in your campus with the help of such a fleet would help the people on the campus significantly. People would save money since they don’t need to use a car for a short distance. Your campus will see a drastic reduction in congestion, moreover, its carbon footprint will reduce.

Micro-mobility is relatively new though and you would need help. You would need to select an appropriate fleet of vehicles. The people on your campus would need to find electric scooters or electric bikes for commuting, and you need to provide a solution for this.

To be more specific, you need a short-term electric bike rental app. With such an app, you will be able to easily offer micro-mobility to the people on the campus. We at Devathon have built Autorent exactly for this.

What does Autorent do and how can it help you? How does it enable you to introduce micro-mobility on your campus? We explain these in this article, however, we will touch upon a few basics first.

Micro-mobility: What it is

You are probably thinking about micro-mobility relatively recently, aren’t you? A few relevant insights about it could help you to better appreciate its importance.

Micro-mobility is a new trend in transportation, and it uses vehicles that are considerably smaller than cars. Electric scooters (e-scooters) and electric bikes (e-bikes) are the most popular forms of micro-mobility, however, there are also e-unicycles and e-skateboards.

You might have already seen e-scooters, which are kick scooters that come with a motor. Thanks to its motor, an e-scooter can achieve a speed of up to 20 km/h. On the other hand, e-bikes are popular in China and Japan, and they come with a motor, and you can reach a speed of 40 km/h.

You obviously can’t use these vehicles for very long commutes, however, what if you need to travel a short distance? Even if you have a reasonable public transport facility in the city, it might not cover the route you need to take. Take the example of a large university campus. Such a campus is often at a considerable distance from the central business district of the city where it’s located. While public transport facilities may serve the central business district, they wouldn’t serve this large campus. Currently, many people drive their cars even for short distances.

As you know, that brings its own set of challenges. Vehicular traffic adds significantly to pollution, moreover, finding a parking spot can be hard in crowded urban districts.

Well, you can reduce your carbon footprint if you use an electric car. However, electric cars are still new, and many countries are still building the necessary infrastructure for them. Your large campus might not have the necessary infrastructure for them either. Presently, electric cars don’t represent a viable option in most geographies.

As a result, you need to buy and maintain a car even if your commute is short. In addition to dealing with parking problems, you need to spend significantly on your car.

All of these factors have combined to make people sit up and think seriously about cars. Many people are now seriously considering whether a car is really the best option even if they have to commute only a short distance.

This is where micro-mobility enters the picture. When you commute a short distance regularly, e-scooters or e-bikes are viable options. You limit your carbon footprints and you cut costs!

Businesses have seen this shift in thinking, and e-scooter companies like Lime and Bird have entered this field in a big way. They let you rent e-scooters by the minute. On the other hand, start-ups like Jump and Lyft have entered the e-bike market.

Think of your campus now! The people there might need to travel short distances within the campus, and e-scooters can really help them.

How micro-mobility can benefit you

What advantages can you get from micro-mobility? Let’s take a deeper look into this question.

Micro-mobility can offer several advantages to the people on your campus, e.g.:

• Affordability: Shared e-scooters are cheaper than other mass transportation options. Remember that the people on your campus will use them on a shared basis, and they will pay for their short commutes only. Well, depending on your operating model, you might even let them use shared e-scooters or e-bikes for free!
• Convenience: Users don’t need to worry about finding parking spots for shared e-scooters since these are small. They can easily travel from point A to point B on your campus with the help of these e-scooters.
• Environmentally sustainable: Shared e-scooters reduce the carbon footprint, moreover, they decongest the roads. Statistics from the pilot programs in cities like Portland and Denver showimpressive gains around this key aspect.
• Safety: This one’s obvious, isn’t it? When people on your campus use small e-scooters or e-bikes instead of cars, the problem of overspeeding will disappear. you will see fewer accidents.

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Best Electric Bikes and Scooters for Rental Business or Campus Facility

The electric scooter revolution has caught on super-fast taking many cities across the globe by storm. eScooters, a renovated version of old-school scooters now turned into electric vehicles are an environmentally friendly solution to current on-demand commute problems. They work on engines, like cars, enabling short traveling distances without hassle. The result is that these groundbreaking electric machines can now provide faster transport for less — cheaper than Uber and faster than Metro.

Since they are durable, fast, easy to operate and maintain, and are more convenient to park compared to four-wheelers, the eScooters trend has and continues to spike interest as a promising growth area. Several companies and universities are increasingly setting up shop to provide eScooter services realizing a would-be profitable business model and a ready customer base that is university students or residents in need of faster and cheap travel going about their business in school, town, and other surrounding areas.

Electric Scooters Trends and Statistics

In many countries including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, U.K., Germany, France, China, Japan, India, Brazil and Mexico and more, a growing number of eScooter users both locals and tourists can now be seen effortlessly passing lines of drivers stuck in the endless and unmoving traffic.

A recent report by McKinsey revealed that the E-Scooter industry will be worth― $200 billion to $300 billion in the United States, $100 billion to $150 billion in Europe, and $30 billion to $50 billion in China in 2030. The e-Scooter revenue model will also spike and is projected to rise by more than 20% amounting to approximately $5 billion.

And, with a necessity to move people away from high carbon prints, traffic and congestion issues brought about by car-centric transport systems in cities, more and more city planners are developing more bike/scooter lanes and adopting zero-emission plans. This is the force behind the booming electric scooter market and the numbers will only go higher and higher.

Companies that have taken advantage of the growing eScooter trend develop an appthat allows them to provide efficient eScooter services. Such an app enables them to be able to locate bike pick-up and drop points through fully integrated google maps.

List of Best Electric Bikes for Rental Business or Campus Facility 2020:

It’s clear that e scooters will increasingly become more common and the e-scooter business model will continue to grab the attention of manufacturers, investors, entrepreneurs. All this should go ahead with a quest to know what are some of the best electric bikes in the market especially for anyone who would want to get started in the electric bikes/scooters rental business.

We have done a comprehensive list of the best electric bikes! Each bike has been reviewed in depth and includes a full list of specs and a photo.

Billy eBike

 https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/enkicycles/billy-were-redefining-joyrides

To start us off is the Billy eBike, a powerful go-anywhere urban electric bike that’s specially designed to offer an exciting ride like no other whether you want to ride to the grocery store, cafe, work or school. The Billy eBike comes in 4 color options – Billy Blue, Polished aluminium, Artic white, and Stealth black.

Price: $2490

Available countries

Available in the USA, Europe, Asia, South Africa and Australia.This item ships from the USA. Buyers are therefore responsible for any taxes and/or customs duties incurred once it arrives in your country.

Features

• Control – Ride with confidence with our ultra-wide BMX bars and a hyper-responsive twist throttle.
• Stealth- Ride like a ninja with our Gates carbon drive that’s as smooth as butter and maintenance-free.
• Drive – Ride further with our high torque fat bike motor, giving a better climbing performance.
• Accelerate – Ride quicker with our 20-inch lightweight cutout rims for improved acceleration.
• Customize – Ride your own way with 5 levels of power control. Each level determines power and speed.
• Flickable – Ride harder with our BMX /MotoX inspired geometry and lightweight aluminum package

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 20 mph (32 km/h)
• Range per charge: 41 miles (66 km)
• Maximum Power: 500W
• Motor type: Fat Bike Motor: Bafang RM G060.500.DC
• Load capacity: 300lbs (136kg)
• Battery type: 13.6Ah Samsung lithium-ion,
• Battery capacity: On/off-bike charging available
• Weight: w/o batt. 48.5lbs (22kg), w/ batt. 54lbs (24.5kg)
• Front Suspension: Fully adjustable air shock, preload/compression damping /lockout
• Rear Suspension: spring, preload adjustment
• Built-in GPS

Why Should You Buy This?

• Riding fun and excitement
• Better climbing ability and faster acceleration.
• Ride with confidence
• Billy folds for convenient storage and transportation.
• Shorty levers connect to disc brakes ensuring you stop on a dime
• belt drives are maintenance-free and clean (no oil or lubrication needed)

**Who Should Ride Billy? **

Both new and experienced riders

**Where to Buy? **Local distributors or ships from the USA.

Genze 200 series e-Bike

 https://www.genze.com/fleet/

Featuring a sleek and lightweight aluminum frame design, the 200-Series ebike takes your riding experience to greater heights. Available in both black and white this ebike comes with a connected app, which allows you to plan activities, map distances and routes while also allowing connections with fellow riders.

Price: $2099.00

Available countries

The Genze 200 series e-Bike is available at GenZe retail locations across the U.S or online via GenZe.com website. Customers from outside the US can ship the product while incurring the relevant charges.

Features

• 2 Frame Options
• 2 Sizes
• Integrated/Removable Battery
• Throttle and Pedal Assist Ride Modes
• Integrated LCD Display
• Connected App
• 24 month warranty
• GPS navigation
• Bluetooth connectivity

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 20 mph with throttle
• Range per charge: 15-18 miles w/ throttle and 30-50 miles w/ pedal assist
• Charging time: 3.5 hours
• Motor type: Brushless Rear Hub Motor
• Gears: Microshift Thumb Shifter
• Battery type: Removable Samsung 36V, 9.6AH Li-Ion battery pack
• Battery capacity: 36V and 350 Wh
• Weight: 46 pounds
• Derailleur: 8-speed Shimano
• Brakes: Dual classic
• Wheels: 26 x 20 inches
• Frame: 16, and 18 inches
• Operating Mode: Analog mode 5 levels of Pedal Assist Thrott­le Mode

Norco from eBikestore

 https://ebikestore.com/shop/norco-vlt-s2/

The Norco VLT S2 is a front suspension e-Bike with solid components alongside the reliable Bosch Performance Line Power systems that offer precise pedal assistance during any riding situation.

Price: $2,699.00

Available countries

This item is available via the various Norco bikes international distributors.

Features

• VLT aluminum frame- for stiffness and wheel security.
• Bosch e-bike system – for their reliability and performance.
• E-bike components – for added durability.
• Hydraulic disc brakes – offer riders more stopping power for safety and control at higher speeds.
• Practical design features – to add convenience and versatility.

Specifications

• Maximum speed: KMC X9 9spd
• Motor type: Bosch Active Line
• Gears: Shimano Altus RD-M2000, SGS, 9 Speed
• Battery type: Power Pack 400
• Battery capacity: 396Wh
• Suspension: SR Suntour suspension fork
• Frame: Norco VLT, Aluminum, 12x142mm TA Dropouts

Bodo EV

http://www.bodoevs.com/bodoev/products_show.asp?product_id=13

Manufactured by Bodo Vehicle Group Limited, the Bodo EV is specially designed for strong power and extraordinary long service to facilitate super amazing rides. The Bodo Vehicle Company is a striking top in electric vehicles brand field in China and across the globe. Their Bodo EV will no doubt provide your riders with high-level riding satisfaction owing to its high-quality design, strength, breaking stability and speed.

Price: $799

Available countries

This item ships from China with buyers bearing the shipping costs and other variables prior to delivery.

Features

• Reliable
• Environment friendly
• Comfortable riding
• Fashionable
• Economical
• Durable – long service life
• Braking stability
• LED lighting technology

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 45km/h
• Range per charge: 50km per person
• Charging time: 8 hours
• Maximum Power: 3000W
• Motor type: Brushless DC Motor
• Load capacity: 100kg
• Battery type: Lead-acid battery
• Battery capacity: 60V 20AH
• Weight: w/o battery 47kg

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