1668062816
To ensure the user experience is aligned with functionality, the backend developer must work closely with the frontend developer. It is the developer's responsibility to ensure that the performance and speed of any web application are good. Further, it is essential to constantly make updates while also monitoring and organising the database information in a correct and secure way. A crucial decision that a backend developer makes, in the beginning, is selecting the appropriate Backend programming language for them because it has the potential to affect the entire future of the application.
Learn more- Backend programming language
1623286800
Ex-Google TechLead on the top programming languages used at Google, Facebook, and FANG companies.
ðº The video in this post was made by TechLead
The origin of the article: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYpMAFPk1f0
ðº DISCLAIMER: The article is for information sharing. The content of this video is solely the opinions of the speaker who is not a licensed financial advisor or registered investment advisor. Not investment advice or legal advice.
Cryptocurrency trading is VERY risky. Make sure you understand these risks and that you are responsible for what you do with your money
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Thanks for visiting and watching! Please donât forget to leave a like, comment and share!
#bitcoin #blockchain #top programming languages #faang #programming #top programming languages at faang
1610348066
In this video, you will know the top 5 Programming languages to learn in 2021. It is always confusing for a beginner to choose a programming language from the pool of tens of languages. So we have come up with this video to help you out chose the best one to start your career with and learn programming fast.
#programming #learn-programming #programming-languages #topprogramminglanguages #top5programminglanguages
1597824000
This article will introduce the concepts and topics common to all programming languages, that beginners and experts must know!
Do you want to learn a programming language for the first time?
Do you want to improve as a Programmer?
Well, then youâre in the right place to start. Learn any programming language without difficulty by learning the concepts and topics common to all programming languages.
Let me start by answering the following questions:
Programming develops creative thinking
Programmers solve a problem by breaking it down into workable pieces to understand it better. When you start learning to program, you develop the habit of working your way out in a very structured format. You analyze the problem and start thinking logically and this gives rise to more creative solutions youâve ever given.
Whether you want to uncover the secrets of the universe, or you just want to pursue a career in the 21st century, basic computer programming is an essential skill to learn.
_â _Stephen Hawking
Everybody in this country should learn how to program a computer⊠because it teaches you how to think.
_- _Steve Jobs
Programming Provides Life-Changing Experiences
Programming always provides you with a new challenge to take risks every time and that teaches you to take risks in your personal life too. The world is filled up with websites, apps, software and when you build these yourself youâll feel more confident. When a programmer solves a problem that no one has ever solved before it becomes a life-changing experience for them.
A program is a set of instructions to perform a task on a computer.
Programming is the process of designing and building an executable computer program to accomplish a specific task.
Well, according to me programming is like raising a baby. We provide knowledge (data) to help understand a baby whatâs happening around. We teach a baby to be disciplined (and much more) by making rules.
Similarly, a computer is like a baby. We set rules and provide data to the computer through executable programs with the help of a Programming Language.
(Photo by Clément H on Unsplash)
Thatâs itð. If you can understand this basic concept of programming, youâre good to go. Pick up a programming language and start learning. Read the following section to get an idea of where to start.
My recommendation is to choose Python Programming Language as a start, because itâs beginner-friendly.
#programming #programming-tips #programming-language #programming-top-story #computer-science #data-structures-and-algorithms #tips-for-programmers #coding
1635917640
ãã®ã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã§ã¯ãRustã§ããã·ã¥ãããè€åããŒã¿åãæäœããæ¹æ³ã«ã€ããŠèª¬æããŸããããã·ã¥ãããã®ãããªã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³å ã®ããŒã¿ãå埩åŠçããã«ãŒãåŒãå®è£ ããæ¹æ³ãåŠã³ãŸããæŒç¿ãšããŠãèŠæ±ãããæ³šæãã«ãŒãããæ¡ä»¶ããã¹ãããããŸããŸãªã¿ã€ãã®ããŒã¿ãåŠçããããšã«ãã£ãŠè»ãäœæããRustããã°ã©ã ãäœæããŸãã
ééã³å Žã¯éã³ã³ãã€ã©ã«ãã©ãŠã¶ã€ã³ã¿ãã§ãŒã¹ã§ããèšèªãããŒã«ã«ã«ã€ã³ã¹ããŒã«ããåããŸãã¯ã³ã³ãã€ã©ãå©çšã§ããªãå Žåã¯ãPlaygroundã䜿çšããŠRustã³ãŒãã®èšè¿°ã詊ãããšãã§ããŸãããã®ã³ãŒã¹å šäœãéããŠããµã³ãã«ã³ãŒããšæŒç¿ãžã®Playgroundãªã³ã¯ãæäŸããŸããçŸæç¹ã§RustããŒã«ãã§ãŒã³ã䜿çšã§ããªãå Žåã§ããã³ãŒããæäœã§ããŸãã
Rust Playgroundã§å®è¡ããããã¹ãŠã®ã³ãŒãã¯ãããŒã«ã«ã®éçºç°å¢ã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠå®è¡ããããšãã§ããŸããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããRustã³ã³ãã€ã©ãŒãšå¯Ÿè©±ããããšãèºèºããªãã§ãã ãããRust Playgroundã®è©³çްã«ã€ããŠã¯ãWhat isRustïŒãã芧ãã ãããã¢ãžã¥ãŒã«ã
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Rustã®ãã1ã€ã®äžè¬çãªã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®çš®é¡ã¯ãããã·ã¥ãããã§ãããã®HashMap<K, V>
åã¯ãåããŒK
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次ã®äŸã§ã¯ãæžè©ã远跡ããããã®ããã·ã¥ããããå®çŸ©ããŠããŸããããã·ã¥ãããããŒã¯æ¬ã®ååã§ãããå€ã¯èªè ã®ã¬ãã¥ãŒã§ãã
use std::collections::HashMap;
let mut reviews: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
reviews.insert(String::from("Ancient Roman History"), String::from("Very accurate."));
reviews.insert(String::from("Cooking with Rhubarb"), String::from("Sweet recipes."));
reviews.insert(String::from("Programming in Rust"), String::from("Great examples."));
ãã®ã³ãŒããããã«è©³ãã調ã¹ãŠã¿ãŸããããæåã®è¡ã«ãæ°ããã¿ã€ãã®æ§æã衚瀺ãããŸãã
use std::collections::HashMap;
ãã®use
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ããã®å®çŸ©ãcollections
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èŠã«å¿ããŠããŒãšå€ã远å ãŸãã¯åé€ã§ããããã«ã倿°ãå¯å€ãšããŠå®£èšããŸãããã®äŸã§ã¯ãããã·ã¥ãããã®ããŒãšå€ã®äž¡æ¹ãString
ã¿ã€ãã䜿çšããŠããŸãã
let mut reviews: HashMap<String, String> = HashMap::new();
ãã®insert(<key>, <value>)
ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããŠãããã·ã¥ãããã«èŠçŽ ã远å ããŸããã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãæ§æã¯<hash_map_name>.insert()
次ã®ãšããã§ãã
reviews.insert(String::from("Ancient Roman History"), String::from("Very accurate."));
ããã·ã¥ãããã«ããŒã¿ã远å ããåŸãget(<key>)
ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããŠããŒã®ç¹å®ã®å€ãååŸã§ããŸãã
// Look for a specific review
let book: &str = "Programming in Rust";
println!("\nReview for \'{}\': {:?}", book, reviews.get(book));
åºåã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
Review for 'Programming in Rust': Some("Great examples.")
ããŒã
åºåã«ã¯ãæžè©ãåãªãããã°ãããäŸãã§ã¯ãªããSomeïŒ "ãã°ãããäŸã"ïŒããšããŠè¡šç€ºãããŠããããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããget
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åãè¿ããããRustã¯ã¡ãœããåŒã³åºãã®çµæããSomeïŒïŒã衚èšã§ã©ããããŸãã
ãã®.remove()
ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããŠãããã·ã¥ããããããšã³ããªãåé€ã§ããŸããget
ç¡å¹ãªããã·ã¥ãããããŒã«å¯ŸããŠã¡ãœããã䜿çšãããšãget
ã¡ãœããã¯ããªãããè¿ããŸãã
// Remove book review
let obsolete: &str = "Ancient Roman History";
println!("\n'{}\' removed.", obsolete);
reviews.remove(obsolete);
// Confirm book review removed
println!("\nReview for \'{}\': {:?}", obsolete, reviews.get(obsolete));
åºåã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
'Ancient Roman History' removed.
Review for 'Ancient Roman History': None
ãã®ã³ãŒãã詊ããŠããã®RustPlaygroundã§ããã·ã¥ããããæäœã§ããŸãã
æŒç¿ïŒããã·ã¥ãããã䜿çšããŠæ³šæã远跡ãã
ãã®æŒç¿ã§ã¯ãããã·ã¥ãããã䜿çšããããã«èªåè»å·¥å Žã®ããã°ã©ã ã倿ŽããŸãã
ããã·ã¥ãããããŒãšå€ã®ãã¢ã䜿çšããŠãè»ã®æ³šæã«é¢ãã詳现ã远跡ããåºåã衚瀺ããŸããç¹°ãè¿ãã«ãªããŸãããããªãã®èª²é¡ã¯ããµã³ãã«ã³ãŒãã宿ãããŠã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠå®è¡ããããšã§ãã
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todo!
ãã¯ããæ¢ããŸãããã®ãã¯ãã¯ãå®äºãããæŽæ°ããå¿ èŠãããã³ãŒãã瀺ããŸãã
æåã®ã¹ãããã¯ãæ¢åã®ããã°ã©ã ã³ãŒããååŸããããšã§ãã
car_quality
ãcar_factory
ããã³main
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ãããã®æºåãããRustPlaygroundã§ã³ãŒããéããŸãã
#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
struct Car { color: String, motor: Transmission, roof: bool, age: (Age, u32) }
#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
enum Transmission { Manual, SemiAuto, Automatic }
#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
enum Age { New, Used }
// Get the car quality by testing the value of the input argument
// - miles (u32)
// Return tuple with car age ("New" or "Used") and mileage
fn car_quality (miles: u32) -> (Age, u32) {
// Check if car has accumulated miles
// Return tuple early for Used car
if miles > 0 {
return (Age::Used, miles);
}
// Return tuple for New car, no need for "return" keyword or semicolon
(Age::New, miles)
}
// Build "Car" using input arguments
fn car_factory(order: i32, miles: u32) -> Car {
let colors = ["Blue", "Green", "Red", "Silver"];
// Prevent panic: Check color index for colors array, reset as needed
// Valid color = 1, 2, 3, or 4
// If color > 4, reduce color to valid index
let mut color = order as usize;
if color > 4 {
// color = 5 --> index 1, 6 --> 2, 7 --> 3, 8 --> 4
color = color - 4;
}
// Add variety to orders for motor type and roof type
let mut motor = Transmission::Manual;
let mut roof = true;
if order % 3 == 0 { // 3, 6, 9
motor = Transmission::Automatic;
} else if order % 2 == 0 { // 2, 4, 8, 10
motor = Transmission::SemiAuto;
roof = false;
} // 1, 5, 7, 11
// Return requested "Car"
Car {
color: String::from(colors[(color-1) as usize]),
motor: motor,
roof: roof,
age: car_quality(miles)
}
}
fn main() {
// Initialize counter variable
let mut order = 1;
// Declare a car as mutable "Car" struct
let mut car: Car;
// Order 6 cars, increment "order" for each request
// Car order #1: Used, Hard top
car = car_factory(order, 1000);
println!("{}: {:?}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
// Car order #2: Used, Convertible
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 2000);
println!("{}: {:?}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
// Car order #3: New, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 0);
println!("{}: {:?}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
// Car order #4: New, Convertible
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 0);
println!("{}: {:?}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
// Car order #5: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 3000);
println!("{}: {:?}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
// Car order #6: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 4000);
println!("{}: {:?}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
}
2. ããã°ã©ã ããã«ãããŸããæ¬¡ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«é²ãåã«ãã³ãŒããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããŠå®è¡ãããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
次ã®åºåã衚瀺ãããŸãã
1: Used, Hard top = true, Manual, Blue, 1000 miles
2: Used, Hard top = false, SemiAuto, Green, 2000 miles
3: New, Hard top = true, Automatic, Red, 0 miles
4: New, Hard top = false, SemiAuto, Silver, 0 miles
5: Used, Hard top = true, Manual, Blue, 3000 miles
6: Used, Hard top = true, Automatic, Green, 4000 miles
çŸåšã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãåè»ã®æ³šæãåŠçããåæ³šæãå®äºããåŸã«èŠçŽãå°å·ããŸããcar_factory
颿°ãåŒã³åºããã³ã«Car
ãæ³šæã®è©³çްãå«ãæ§é äœãè¿ãããæ³šæãå®è¡ãããŸããçµæã¯car
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ãæ°ã¥ããããããŸãããããã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ã¯ããã€ãã®éèŠãªæ©èœããããŸããããã¹ãŠã®æ³šæã远跡ããŠããããã§ã¯ãããŸãããcar
倿°ã¯ãçŸåšã®æ³šæã®è©³çްã®ã¿ãä¿æããŠããŸãã颿°car
ã®çµæã§å€æ°ãæŽæ°ããããã³car_factory
ã«ãåã®é åºã®è©³çްãäžæžããããŸãã
ãã¡ã€ãªã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã®ããã«ãã¹ãŠã®æ³šæã远跡ããããã«ãããã°ã©ã ãæŽæ°ããå¿
èŠããããŸãããã®ç®çã®ããã«ã<KãV>ãã¢ã§ããã·ã¥ããããå®çŸ©ããŸããããã·ã¥ãããããŒã¯ãè»ã®æ³šæçªå·ã«å¯Ÿå¿ããŸããããã·ã¥ãããå€ã¯ãCar
æ§é äœã§å®çŸ©ãããŠããããããã®æ³šæã®è©³çްã«ãªããŸãã
main
颿°ã®å
é ãæåã®äžæ¬åŒ§ã®çŽåŸã«æ¬¡ã®ã³ãŒãã远å ããŸã{
ã// Initialize a hash map for the car orders
// - Key: Car order number, i32
// - Value: Car order details, Car struct
use std::collections::HashMap;
let mut orders: HashMap<i32, Car> = HashMap;
2. orders
ããã·ã¥ããããäœæããã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã®æ§æã®åé¡ãä¿®æ£ããŸãã
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new()
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3. ããã°ã©ã ããã«ãããŸããæ¬¡ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«é²ãåã«ãã³ãŒããã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããŠããããšã確èªããŠãã ãããã³ã³ãã€ã©ããã®èŠåã¡ãã»ãŒãžã¯ç¡èŠããŠããŸããŸããã
次ã®ã¹ãããã¯ãå±¥è¡ãããåèªåè»æ³šæãããã·ã¥ãããã«è¿œå ããããšã§ãã
ãã®main
颿°ã§ã¯ãcar_factory
è»ã®æ³šæããšã«é¢æ°ãåŒã³åºããŸããæ³šæãå±¥è¡ãããåŸãprintln!
ãã¯ããåŒã³åºããŠãcar
倿°ã«æ ŒçŽãããŠããæ³šæã®è©³çްã衚瀺ããŸãã
// Car order #1: Used, Hard top
car = car_factory(order, 1000);
println!("{}: {}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
...
// Car order #6: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 4000);
println!("{}: {}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
æ°ããããã·ã¥ãããã§æ©èœããããã«ããããã®ã³ãŒãã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ããä¿®æ£ããŸãã
car_factory
颿°ã®åŒã³åºãã¯ä¿æããŸããè¿ãããåCar
æ§é äœã¯ãããã·ã¥ãããã®<KãV>ãã¢ã®äžéšãšããŠæ ŒçŽãããŸããprintln!
ãã¯ãã®åŒã³åºããæŽæ°ããŠãããã·ã¥ãããã«ä¿åãããŠããæ³šæã®è©³çްã衚瀺ããŸããmain
颿°ã§ã颿°ã®åŒã³åºãcar_factory
ãšããã«äŒŽãprintln!
ãã¯ãã®åŒã³åºããèŠã€ããŸãã// Car order #1: Used, Hard top
car = car_factory(order, 1000);
println!("{}: {}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
...
// Car order #6: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 4000);
println!("{}: {}, Hard top = {}, {:?}, {}, {} miles", order, car.age.0, car.roof, car.motor, car.color, car.age.1);
2. ãã¹ãŠã®èªåè»æ³šæã®ã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã®å®å šãªã»ãããæ¬¡ã®æ¹èšãããã³ãŒãã«çœ®ãæããŸãã
// Car order #1: Used, Hard top
car = car_factory(order, 1000);
orders(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
// Car order #2: Used, Convertible
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 2000);
orders(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
// Car order #3: New, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 0);
orders(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
// Car order #4: New, Convertible
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 0);
orders(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
// Car order #5: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 3000);
orders(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
// Car order #6: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 4000);
orders(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
3. ä»ããããã°ã©ã ããã«ãããããšãããšãã³ã³ãã€ã«ãšã©ãŒã衚瀺ãããŸãã<KãV>ãã¢ãorders
ããã·ã¥ãããã«è¿œå ããã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã«æ§æäžã®åé¡ããããŸããåé¡ããããŸããïŒå
ã«é²ãã§ãããã·ã¥ãããã«é åºã远å ããåã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã®åé¡ãä¿®æ£ããŠãã ããã
ãã³ã
orders
ããã·ã¥ãããã«çŽæ¥å€ãå²ãåœãŠãããšã¯ã§ããŸãããæ¿å ¥ãè¡ãã«ã¯ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããå¿ èŠããããŸãã
ããã°ã©ã ãæ£åžžã«ãã«ãããããšã次ã®åºåã衚瀺ãããŸãã
Car order 1: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("Used", 1000) })
Car order 2: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 2000) })
Car order 3: Some(Car { color: "Red", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 4: Some(Car { color: "Silver", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 5: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("Used", 3000) })
Car order 6: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("Used", 4000) })
æ¹èšãããã³ãŒãã®åºåãç°ãªãããšã«æ³šæããŠãã ãããprintln!
ãã¯ããã£ã¹ãã¬ã€ã®å
容Car
åå€ã瀺ãããšã«ãã£ãŠãæ§é äœãšå¯Ÿå¿ãããã£ãŒã«ãåã
æ¬¡ã®æŒç¿ã§ã¯ãã«ãŒãåŒã䜿çšããŠã³ãŒãã®åé·æ§ãæžãããŸãã
forãwhileãããã³loopåŒã䜿çšããŸã
å€ãã®å Žåãããã°ã©ã ã«ã¯ããã®å Žã§ç¹°ãè¿ãå¿
èŠã®ããã³ãŒãã®ãããã¯ããããŸããã«ãŒãåŒã䜿çšããŠãç¹°ãè¿ãã®å®è¡æ¹æ³ãããã°ã©ã ã«æç€ºã§ããŸããé»è©±åž³ã®ãã¹ãŠã®ãšã³ããªãå°å·ããã«ã¯ãã«ãŒãåŒã䜿çšããŠãæåã®ãšã³ããªããæåŸã®ãšã³ããªãŸã§å°å·ããæ¹æ³ãããã°ã©ã ã«æç€ºã§ããŸãã
Rustã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã«ã³ãŒãã®ãããã¯ãç¹°ãè¿ãããããã®3ã€ã®ã«ãŒãåŒãæäŸããŸãã
loop
ïŒæå忢ãçºçããªãéããç¹°ãè¿ããŸããwhile
ïŒæ¡ä»¶ãçã®ãŸãŸã§ç¹°ãè¿ããŸããfor
ïŒã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³å
ã®ãã¹ãŠã®å€ã«å¯ŸããŠç¹°ãè¿ããŸãããã®åå ã§ã¯ããããã®åã«ãŒãåŒãèŠãŠãããŸãã
loop
åŒã¯ãç¡éã«ãŒããäœæããŸãããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã䜿çšãããšãåŒã®æ¬æã§ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¶ç¶çã«ç¹°ãè¿ãããšãã§ããŸããã«ãŒãã忢ãããããã®çŽæ¥ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ãããŸã§ãã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹°ãè¿ãããŸãã
次ã®äŸã§ã¯ããWe loopforeverïŒããšããããã¹ããåºåããŸãããããŠããã¯ããèªäœã§æ¢ãŸããŸãããprintln!
ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯ç¹°ãè¿ãç¶ããŸãã
loop {
println!("We loop forever!");
}
loop
åŒã䜿çšããå Žåãã«ãŒãã忢ããå¯äžã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãããã°ã©ããŒãšããŠçŽæ¥ä»å
¥ããå Žåã§ããç¹å®ã®ã³ãŒãã远å ããŠã«ãŒãã忢ããããCtrl + Cãªã©ã®ããŒããŒãåœä»€ãå
¥åããŠããã°ã©ã ã®å®è¡ã忢ãããã§ããŸãã
loop
åŒã忢ããæãäžè¬çãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãbreak
ããŒã¯ãŒãã䜿çšããŠãã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ããèšå®ããããšã§ãã
loop {
// Keep printing, printing, printing...
println!("We loop forever!");
// On the other hand, maybe we should stop!
break;
}
ããã°ã©ã ãbreak
ããŒã¯ãŒããæ€åºãããšãloop
åŒã®æ¬äœã§ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®å®è¡ã忢ããæ¬¡ã®ã³ãŒãã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã«é²ã¿ãŸãã
break
ããŒã¯ãŒãã¯ãç¹å¥ãªæ©èœãæããã«ããloop
衚çŸããbreak
ããŒã¯ãŒãã䜿çšãããšãåŒæ¬äœã§ã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ç¹°ãè¿ãã忢ããããšãããã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ãã§å€ãè¿ãããšãã§ããŸãã
次ã®äŸã¯break
ãloop
åŒã§ããŒã¯ãŒãã䜿çšããŠå€ãè¿ãæ¹æ³ã瀺ããŠããŸãã
let mut counter = 1;
// stop_loop is set when loop stops
let stop_loop = loop {
counter *= 2;
if counter > 100 {
// Stop loop, return counter value
break counter;
}
};
// Loop should break when counter = 128
println!("Break the loop at counter = {}.", stop_loop);
åºåã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
Break the loop at counter = 128.
ç§ãã¡ã®loop
衚çŸã®æ¬äœã¯ããããã®é£ç¶ããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããŸãã
stop_loop
倿°ã宣èšããŸããloop
åŒã®çµæã«ãã€ã³ãããããã«ããã°ã©ã ã«æç€ºããŸããloop
åŒã®æ¬äœã§ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããŸãïŒcounter
å€ãçŸåšã®å€ã®2åã«ã€ã³ã¯ãªã¡ã³ãããŸããcounter
å€ã確èªããŠãã ãããcounter
å€ã100以äžã§ããã«ãŒãããæãåºãã
counter
å€ãè¿ããŸãã
4. ããcounter
å€ã100以äžã§ã¯ãããŸããã
ã«ãŒãæ¬äœã§ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹°ãè¿ããŸãã
5. stop_loop
å€ãåŒã®counter
çµæã§ããå€ã«èšå®ããŸãloop
ã
loop
åŒæ¬äœã¯ãè€æ°ã®ãã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ããæã€ããšãã§ããŸããåŒã«è€æ°ã®ãã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ããããå Žåããã¹ãŠã®ãã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ãã¯åãã¿ã€ãã®å€ãè¿ãå¿
èŠããããŸãããã¹ãŠã®å€ã¯ãæŽæ°åãæåååãããŒã«åãªã©ã§ããå¿
èŠããããŸãããã¬ãŒã¯ãã€ã³ããæç€ºçã«å€ãè¿ããªãå Žåãããã°ã©ã ã¯åŒã®çµæã空ã®ã¿ãã«ãšããŠè§£éããŸã()
ã
while
ã«ãŒãã¯ãæ¡ä»¶åŒã䜿çšããŠããŸããæ¡ä»¶åŒãçã§ããéããã«ãŒããç¹°ãè¿ãããŸãããã®ããŒã¯ãŒãã䜿çšãããšãæ¡ä»¶åŒãfalseã«ãªããŸã§ãåŒæ¬äœã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ã§ããŸãã
while
ã«ãŒãã¯ãããŒã«æ¡ä»¶åŒãè©äŸ¡ããããšããå§ãŸããŸããæ¡ä»¶åŒããšè©äŸ¡ãããtrue
ãšãæ¬äœã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ãããŸããã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®äºãããšãå¶åŸ¡ã¯æ¡ä»¶åŒã«æ»ããŸããæ¡ä»¶åŒããšè©äŸ¡ãããfalse
ãšãwhile
åŒã¯åæ¢ããŸãã
次ã®äŸã§ã¯ãããã°ããã«ãŒãããŸã...ããšããããã¹ããåºåããŸããã«ãŒããç¹°ãè¿ããã³ã«ããã«ãŠã³ãã5æªæºã§ããããšããæ¡ä»¶ããã¹ããããŸããæ¡ä»¶ãçã®ãŸãŸã§ããéãåŒæ¬äœã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ãããŸããæ¡ä»¶ãçã§ãªããªã£ãåŸãwhile
ã«ãŒãã¯åæ¢ããããã°ã©ã ã¯æ¬¡ã®ã³ãŒãã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã«é²ã¿ãŸãã
while counter < 5 {
println!("We loop a while...");
counter = counter + 1;
}
for
ã«ãŒãã¯ãé
ç®ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãåŠçããããã«ã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ã䜿çšããŠããŸããã«ãŒãã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³å
ã®åã¢ã€ãã ã®åŒæ¬äœã®ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹°ãè¿ããŸãããã®ã¿ã€ãã®ã«ãŒãã®ç¹°ãè¿ãã¯ãå埩ãšåŒã°ããŸãããã¹ãŠã®å埩ãå®äºãããšãã«ãŒãã¯åæ¢ããŸãã
Rustã§ã¯ãé åããã¯ãã«ãããã·ã¥ããããªã©ãä»»æã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¿ã€ããå埩åŠçã§ããŸããRustã¯ã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ã䜿çšããŠãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³å ã®åã¢ã€ãã ãæåããæåŸãŸã§ç§»åããŸãã
for
ã«ãŒãã¯ã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ãšããŠäžæå€æ°ã䜿çšããŠããŸãã倿°ã¯ã«ãŒãåŒã®éå§æã«æé»çã«å®£èšãããçŸåšã®å€ã¯å埩ããšã«èšå®ãããŸãã
次ã®ã³ãŒãã§ã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯big_birds
é
åã§ãããã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ãŒã®ååã¯bird
ã§ãã
let big_birds = ["ostrich", "peacock", "stork"];
for bird in big_birds
iter()
ã¡ãœããã䜿çšããŠãã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³å
ã®ã¢ã€ãã ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããŸããfor
åŒã¯çµæã«ã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ã®çŸåšã®å€ããã€ã³ãããiter()
æ¹æ³ãåŒæ¬äœã§ã¯ãã€ãã¬ãŒã¿å€ãæäœã§ããŸãã
let big_birds = ["ostrich", "peacock", "stork"];
for bird in big_birds.iter() {
println!("The {} is a big bird.", bird);
}
åºåã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
The ostrich is a big bird.
The peacock is a big bird.
The stork is a big bird.
ã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ãäœæãããã1ã€ã®ç°¡åãªæ¹æ³ã¯ãç¯å²è¡šèšã䜿çšããããšã§ãa..b
ãã€ãã¬ãŒã¿ã¯a
å€ããå§ãŸãb
ã1ã¹ããããã€ç¶ããŸãããå€ã䜿çšããŸããb
ã
for number in 0..5 {
println!("{}", number * 2);
}
ãã®ã³ãŒãã¯ã0ã1ã2ã3ãããã³4ã®æ°å€ãnumber
ç¹°ãè¿ãåŠçããŸããã«ãŒãã®ç¹°ãè¿ãããšã«ãå€ã倿°ã«ãã€ã³ãããŸãã
åºåã¯æ¬¡ã®ãšããã§ãã
0
2
4
6
8
ãã®ã³ãŒããå®è¡ããŠããã®RustPlaygroundã§ã«ãŒããæ¢çŽ¢ã§ããŸãã
æŒç¿ïŒã«ãŒãã䜿çšããŠããŒã¿ãå埩åŠçãã
ãã®æŒç¿ã§ã¯ãèªåè»å·¥å Žã®ããã°ã©ã ã倿ŽããŠãã«ãŒãã䜿çšããŠèªåè»ã®æ³šæãå埩åŠçããŸãã
main
颿°ãæŽæ°ããŠã泚æã®å®å
šãªã»ãããåŠçããããã®ã«ãŒãåŒã远å ããŸããã«ãŒãæ§é ã¯ãã³ãŒãã®åé·æ§ãæžããã®ã«åœ¹ç«ã¡ãŸããã³ãŒããç°¡çŽ åããããšã§ã泚æéãç°¡åã«å¢ããããšãã§ããŸãã
ãã®car_factory
颿°ã§ã¯ãç¯å²å€ã®å€ã§ã®å®è¡æã®ãããã¯ãåé¿ããããã«ãå¥ã®ã«ãŒãã远å ããŸãã
課é¡ã¯ããµã³ãã«ã³ãŒãã宿ãããŠãã³ã³ãã€ã«ããŠå®è¡ããããšã§ãã
ãã®æŒç¿ã®ãµã³ãã«ã³ãŒãã§äœæ¥ããã«ã¯ã次ã®2ã€ã®ãªãã·ã§ã³ããããŸãã
ããŒã
ãµã³ãã«ã³ãŒãã§ã
todo!
ãã¯ããæ¢ããŸãããã®ãã¯ãã¯ãå®äºãããæŽæ°ããå¿ èŠãããã³ãŒãã瀺ããŸãã
ååã®æŒç¿ã§ããã°ã©ã ã³ãŒããéããå Žåã¯ããã®æºåãããRustPlaygroundã§ã³ãŒããå床éãããšãã§ããŸãã
å¿ ãããã°ã©ã ãåæ§ç¯ããã³ã³ãã€ã©ãšã©ãŒãªãã§å®è¡ãããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
ããå€ãã®æ³šæããµããŒãããã«ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ãæŽæ°ããå¿ èŠããããŸããçŸåšã®ã³ãŒãæ§é ã§ã¯ãåé·ã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ãã䜿çšããŠ6ã€ã®æ³šæããµããŒãããŠããŸããåé·æ§ã¯æ±ãã«ãããç¶æããã®ãå°é£ã§ãã
ã«ãŒãåŒã䜿çšããŠã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹°ãè¿ããåæ³šæãäœæããããšã§ãæ§é ãåçŽåã§ããŸããç°¡ç¥åãããã³ãŒãã䜿çšãããšã倿°ã®æ³šæããã°ããäœæã§ããŸãã
main
æ©èœãå逿¬¡ã®æãããã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ã¯ãorder
倿°ãå®çŸ©ããã³èšå®ããèªåè»ã®æ³šæã®car_factory
颿°ãšprintln!
ãã¯ããåŒã³åºããåæ³šæãorders
ããã·ã¥ãããã«æ¿å
¥ããŸãã// Order 6 cars
// - Increment "order" after each request
// - Add each order <K, V> pair to "orders" hash map
// - Call println! to show order details from the hash map
// Initialize order variable
let mut order = 1;
// Car order #1: Used, Hard top
car = car_factory(order, 1000);
orders.insert(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
...
// Car order #6: Used, Hard top
order = order + 1;
car = car_factory(order, 4000);
orders.insert(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
2. åé€ãããã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ããæ¬¡ã®ã³ãŒããããã¯ã«çœ®ãæããŸãã
// Start with zero miles
let mut miles = 0;
todo!("Add a loop expression to fulfill orders for 6 cars, initialize `order` variable to 1") {
// Call car_factory to fulfill order
// Add order <K, V> pair to "orders" hash map
// Call println! to show order details from the hash map
car = car_factory(order, miles);
orders.insert(order, car);
println!("Car order {}: {:?}", order, orders.get(&order));
// Reset miles for order variety
if miles == 2100 {
miles = 0;
} else {
miles = miles + 700;
}
}
3. ã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãç¹°ãè¿ãã«ãŒãåŒã远å ããŠã6å°ã®è»ã®æ³šæãäœæããŸããorder
1ã«åæåããã倿°ãå¿
èŠã§ãã
4. ããã°ã©ã ããã«ãããŸããã³ãŒãããšã©ãŒãªãã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
次ã®äŸã®ãããªåºåã衚瀺ãããŸãã
Car order 1: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 2: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 700) })
Car order 3: Some(Car { color: "Red", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("Used", 1400) })
Car order 4: Some(Car { color: "Silver", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 2100) })
Car order 5: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 6: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("Used", 700) })
ããã°ã©ã ã¯çŸåšãã«ãŒãã䜿çšããŠ6å°ã®è»ã®æ³šæãåŠçããŠããŸãã6å°ä»¥äžæ³šæãããšã©ããªããŸããïŒ
main
颿°ã®ã«ãŒãåŒãæŽæ°ããŠã11å°ã®è»ã泚æããŸãã todo!("Update the loop expression to create 11 cars");
2. ããã°ã©ã ãåæ§ç¯ããŸããå®è¡æã«ãããã°ã©ã ã¯ãããã¯ã«ãªããŸãïŒ
Compiling playground v0.0.1 (/playground)
Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 1.26s
Running `target/debug/playground`
thread 'main' panicked at 'index out of bounds: the len is 4 but the index is 4', src/main.rs:34:29
ãã®åé¡ã解決ããæ¹æ³ãèŠãŠã¿ãŸãããã
ãã®car_factory
颿°ã§ã¯ãif / elseåŒã䜿çšcolor
ããŠãcolors
é
åã®ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã®å€ã確èªããŸãã
// Prevent panic: Check color index for colors array, reset as needed
// Valid color = 1, 2, 3, or 4
// If color > 4, reduce color to valid index
let mut color = order as usize;
if color > 4 {
// color = 5 --> index 1, 6 --> 2, 7 --> 3, 8 --> 4
color = color - 4;
}
colors
é
åã«ã¯4ã€ã®èŠçŽ ãæã¡ããã€æå¹ãªcolor
å Žåã¯ãã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã®ç¯å²ã¯0ã3ã®æ¡ä»¶åŒããã§ãã¯ããŠããcolor
ç§ãã¡ã¯ããã§ãã¯ããŸããïŒã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã4ããã倧ããå Žåcolor
ããã®åŸã®é¢æ°ã§4ã«çããã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ãžã®ãšãã«æã
ã®ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ãè»ã®è²ãå²ãåœãŠãé
åã§ã¯ãã€ã³ããã¯ã¹å€ãã1ãæžç®ããŸãcolor - 1
ãcolor
å€4ã¯colors[3]
ãé
åãšåæ§ã«åŠçãããŸããïŒ
çŸåšã®if / elseåŒã¯ã8å°ä»¥äžã®è»ã泚æãããšãã®å®è¡æã®ãããã¯ãé²ãããã«ããŸãæ©èœããŸãããããã11å°ã®è»ã泚æãããšãããã°ã©ã ã¯9çªç®ã®æ³šæã§ãããã¯ã«ãªããŸããããå ç¢ã«ãªãããã«åŒã調æŽããå¿ èŠããããŸãããã®æ¹åãè¡ãããã«ãå¥ã®ã«ãŒãåŒã䜿çšããŸãã
car_factory
æ©èœãã«ãŒãåŒã§ããã°/ä»ã®æ¡ä»¶æã亀æããŠãã ãããcolor
ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹å€ã4ãã倧ããå Žåã«å®è¡æã®ãããã¯ãé²ãããã«ãæ¬¡ã®æ¬äŒŒã³ãŒãã¹ããŒãã¡ã³ããä¿®æ£ããŠãã ããã// Prevent panic: Check color index, reset as needed
// If color = 1, 2, 3, or 4 - no change needed
// If color > 4, reduce to color to a valid index
let mut color = order as usize;
todo!("Replace `if/else` condition with a loop to prevent run-time panic for color > 4");
ãã³ã
ãã®å Žåãif / elseæ¡ä»¶ããã«ãŒãåŒãžã®å€æŽã¯å®éã«ã¯éåžžã«ç°¡åã§ãã
2. ããã°ã©ã ããã«ãããŸããã³ãŒãããšã©ãŒãªãã§ã³ã³ãã€ã«ãããããšã確èªããŠãã ããã
次ã®åºåã衚瀺ãããŸãã
Car order 1: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 2: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 700) })
Car order 3: Some(Car { color: "Red", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("Used", 1400) })
Car order 4: Some(Car { color: "Silver", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 2100) })
Car order 5: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 6: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("Used", 700) })
Car order 7: Some(Car { color: "Red", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("Used", 1400) })
Car order 8: Some(Car { color: "Silver", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 2100) })
Car order 9: Some(Car { color: "Blue", motor: Automatic, roof: true, age: ("New", 0) })
Car order 10: Some(Car { color: "Green", motor: SemiAuto, roof: false, age: ("Used", 700) })
Car order 11: Some(Car { color: "Red", motor: Manual, roof: true, age: ("Used", 1400) })
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SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is a scripting language expected to store, control, and inquiry information put away in social databases. The main manifestation of SQL showed up in 1974, when a gathering in IBM built up the principal model of a social database. The primary business social database was discharged by Relational Software later turning out to be Oracle.
Models for SQL exist. In any case, the SQL that can be utilized on every last one of the major RDBMS today is in various flavors. This is because of two reasons:
1. The SQL order standard is genuinely intricate, and it isnât handy to actualize the whole standard.
2. Every database seller needs an approach to separate its item from others.
Right now, contrasts are noted where fitting.
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