Neurosymbolic Artificial Intelligence

MIT Introduction to Deep Learning 6.S191: Lecture 7
New 2020 Edition
Neurosymbolic Hybrid Artificial Intelligence
Lecturer: David Cox
January 2020

Lecture Outline

• 0:00 - Introduction
• 1:25 - Evolution of AI
• 7:32 - MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab
• 10:10 - Why is AI today “narrow”?
• 19:17 - Out-of-distribution performance
• 21:07 - ObjectNet
• 23:04 - Adversarial examples
• 25:24 - When does deep learning struggle?
• 27:00 - Neural networks vs symbolic AI
• 28:38 - Neurosymbolic AI
• 34:20 - Advantages of combining symbolic AI
• 39:01 - CLEVERER and more
• 40:40 - Summary

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Start a Career in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence (AI) made headlines recently when people started reporting that Alexa was laughing unexpectedly. Those news reports led to the standard jokes about computers taking up the planet.

The AI Career Landscape
AI is returning more traction lately due to recent innovations that have made headlines, Alexa’s unexpected laughing notwithstanding. But AI has been a sound career choice for a short time now due to the growing adoption of the technology across industries and therefore the need for trained professionals to try to to the roles created by this growth.

AI and Machine Learning Explained
If you’re new to the sector, you would possibly be wondering, just what’s AI then? AI is how we make intelligent machines. It’s software that learns almost like how humans learn, mimicking human learning so it can take over a number of our jobs for us and do other jobs better and faster than we humans ever could. Machine learning may be a subset of AI, so sometimes when we’re describing AI, we’re describing machine learning join online machine learning course, which is that the process by which learn Artificial Intelligence course now!

The Three Main Stages of AI
AI is rapidly evolving, which is one reason why a career in AI offers such a lot potential. As technology evolves, learning improves. Van Loon described the three stages of AI and machine learning development as follow:

Stage one is machine learning - Machine learning consists of intelligent systems using algorithms to find out from experience.
Stage two is machine intelligence - Which is where our current AI technology resides now. during this stage, machines learn from experience supported false algorithms. it’s a more evolved sort of machine learning, with improved cognitive abilities.
Stage three is machine consciousness - this is often when systems can do self-learning from experience with none external data. Siri is an example of machine consciousness.

Subsets of Machine Learning

Neural Networks
Natural Language Processing (NLP)
Deep Learning

How to start in AI?
If you’re intrigued by this career field and wondering the way to start , Van Loon described the training paths for 3 differing types of professionals; those new the sector , programmers, and people already working in data science. He also points out that various industries require different skill sets, but all working in AI should have excellent communication skills before addressing the maths and computing skills needed.

Specific Jobs in AI

• Machine Learning Researchers
• AI Engineer
• Data Mining and Analysis
• Machine Learning Engineer
• Data Scientist
• Business Intelligence (BI) Developer

The Future of AI

As the demand for AI and machine learning has increased, organizations require professionals with in-and-out knowledge of those growing technologies and hands-on experience.If you would like to be one among those professionals, get certified, because the earlier you get your training started, the earlier you’ll be working during this exciting and rapidly changing field.CETPA provides Graduate program will assist you substitute the gang and grow your career in thriving fields like AI , Machine Learning, and Deep Learning.

If you’re curious about becoming an AI expert then we’ve just the proper guide for you. the synthetic Intelligence Career Guide will offer you insights into the foremost trending technologies, the highest companies that are hiring, the talents required to jumpstart your career within the thriving field of AI, and offers you a customized roadmap to becoming a successful AI expert.

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7 Ways Artificial Intelligence Can Help Make Your Time at Home

Artificial Intelligence enhances the speed, precision, and effectiveness of human efforts. In financial institutions, AI techniques are often wont to identify which transactions are likely to be fraudulent, adopt fast and accurate credit scoring, also as automate manually intense data management tasks.

AI would have a coffee error rate compared to humans if coded properly. they might have incredible precision, accuracy, and speed. they will not be suffering from hostile environments, thus ready to complete dangerous tasks, explore in space, and endure problems that might injure or kill us.

1. AI goes to show your kitchen into a Michelin star restaurant
Smart kitchen appliances and smart speakers are making their way into kitchens all around the world. you’ll even have one now. Whether it is a coffee machine or an oven, these tools are evolving, learning your schedules and patterns so that they will provide you with warm food, coffee, etc. However, this is often just the start.

Your new smart fridge could also be ready to track when food is low and place orders for you when food is low. Or, better yet, AI might be wont to assist you to create the right meal with just the ingredients you’ve got within the refrigerator. Utilizing AI technologies with gastronomical learning, companies like Plant Jammer and Chefling are helping people create delicious food with the ingredients they need available. Currently, Facebook has developed an image-to-recipe generation system that permits users to reverse engineer a recipe by only taking an image of the dish.

2. The way you experience entertainment will change

Google Assistant, Cortana, and Alexa have already infiltrated your home, impacting the way you interact together with your TV and streaming services, allowing you to voice control almost everything; slowly making remotes obsolete. almost like the kitchen example, these devices are learning your watching habits, eventually directing you on what to observe. However, it’s getting to go much further.

3.You’re getting to have tons more fun together with your games

You may be proud of the gaming industry, or perhaps you wish to ascertain some major changes. Though a touch slower on the buyer side, there’s a change coming to the gaming industry, change driven by AI. Developers are using AI to make more immersive and realistic experiences, even within a fantasy world.
AI will better help developers create games that change on the fly, adapting to your gameplay. Even more so, if you’ve got old games that you simply would like remastered, AI is additionally getting used to enhance the general look of classic games. Finally, while reception, expect customized gaming experiences. If you want to learn AI and work practically then join the best Artificial Intelligence Training Institute in Noida and improve your skills now.

4. You’ll have your own Alfred soon

Maybe you usually wanted to possess a Jarvis AI system like Tony Stark? Or, perhaps you would like to travel the more traditional route and obtain yourself a loyal butler-like Alfred. Whichever the case, AI could make this possible via robotics. the world of robot personal assistants is an industry growing rapidly. Though some would simply dub the present models as just smart speakers with wheels, many of those current robotic personal assistants offer tons of impressive features. Soon, you would possibly have something that appears tons less like Wall-E and more just like the robots in iRobot

Robots like Jib are a little example of the approaching future. The social robot looks around, learning about you and your home. He even has an “expressive face.” He can even take pictures of you and share them on social media.

5. Enhanced health and fitness reception
Being able to watch patient’s reception with real-time data remotely, effectively, might be revolutionary. Going far beyond the Apple watch that you simply wear your wrist immediately, healthcare professionals could tap into the predictive powers of AI to work outpatients who are potentially in danger of disease or injury. This can give doctors tons more power but could alleviate a number of the pressure placed on the healthcare systems during flu season, saving lives. Companies like Gyant, Medopad, and Chonisense Medical are utilizing current AI technologies to seem after the elderly and chronic patients.

6. Your home will become more environmentally friendly
As humans, there’s no denying it; we will be wasteful, especially in our homes. However, having more control and knowledge of our waste and energy consumption could help us become more environmentally friendly, saving you money within the long-term. Though already available in some places across the planet, with products to get, AI energy-saving systems have yet to be fully adopted.

7. Your home is going to be ready to fix itself

The idea isn’t too far away. And, let’s agree home projects aren’t always the foremost exciting. Even more so, when something breaks in your home, you would like to repair it as soon as possible. a bit like a sensible medical device, homes are going to be ready to run self-diagnostics predicting potential issues before they occur, contacting the acceptable repairman, who may very well be a robot.

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How Artificial Intelligence Is Reshaping the IT Industry

Artificial Intelligence has powerfully penetrated the way we live. It doesn’t only change the way we work but also reshaped how we used to live. Speaking of AI, it is one of the most interesting technologies that we’ve ever encountered.

Without a doubt, AI is contributing a lot in boosting business and IT productivity. Therefore, in this blog, I will highlight important insights on how AI is reshaping IT. Before digging deeper into details, let’s start with some basics on AI and how it works.

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A Brief Intro to Propositional Logic as the Foundation of Artificial Intelligence

Propositional logic in Artificial Intelligence is one of the many methods of how knowledge is represented to a machine so that its automatic learning capacity can be enhanced. Machine Learning (ML) and Knowledge Representation and Logic (KR&R) are imperative for building smart machines that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.

Propositional Logic is the Foundation of Artificial Intelligence

If we want a machine to be intelligent enough to have a dialogue with us in natural language or do complex tasks like diagnosing a medical condition, or any problem-solving and decision making, then first the machine needs to become knowledgeable about the real word. Machine learning enables a machine to grow knowledgeable through automatic and experience-based learning without being explicitly programmed.

But the ability of automatic learning is feasible only if the machine can rightly interpret the information of our real world. However, a machine can’t understand our language, so the knowledge of the real world needs to be represented to the machine in the right manner that is readable to a computer system. Propositional logic is one of the simplest methods of knowledge representation to a machine.

The Basic Idea of Propositional Logic

Proposition means sentences. Propositional logic applies the Boolean logic to convert our real-world data into a format that is readable to the computer. For instance, if we say ‘It is hot and humid today’, the machine won’t understand. But if we can create propositional logic for this sentence, then, we can make the machine-read, and interpret our message.

Derived from Boolean logic, the heart of propositional logic is the idea that the final output (meaning) of all propositions are either true or false. It can’t be both.

For example, ‘Earth is round’, the output for this proposition is TRUE. If we say, ‘Earth is square’, then the output is FALSE. Propositional logic applies to those sentences where the output can only be either TRUE or FALSE. But if we refer to the sentence like ‘Some children are lazy’ then here we have two possible outputs. This preposition is TRUE for those children who are lazy, but it is FALSE for those children who are not lazy. So, for such sentences/propositions where two or more outputs are possible, propositional logic doesn’t apply.

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