JavaScript Unit Test Best Practices 

Unit tests are very useful for checking how our app is working.

Otherwise, we run into all kinds of issues later on.

In this article, we’ll look at some best practices we should follow when writing JavaScript unit tests.

Design for Lean Testing

Test code should be simple, short, and abstraction free.

They should also be lean.

The less complexity our test code has, the better it is.

We just do something and check the results in our tests.

Include 3 Parts in Each Test Name

We should have 3 parts in each test name.

The first part is the module being tested.

The 2nd is the circumstance that we’re testing the code in.

The expected result is what we’re checking for in our test.

This way, we can tell what’s being tested and find out what to fix if it fails.

For example, we write:

describe('User Service', function() {
  describe('Add new user', function() {
    it('When no password is specified, then the product status is pending', ()=> {
      const user = new UserService().add(...);
      expect(user.status).to.equal('pending');
    });
  });
});

Structure Tests by the AAA pattern

We should structure our tests with the AAA pattern.

The 3 A’s stands for Arrange, Act, and Assert.

Arrange means the setup code is added to let us do the test.

Act is doing the test.

Assert is checking the result after doing what we have.

So if we have:

describe('User Service', function() {
  describe('login', function() {
    it('if the password is wrong, then we cannot log in', () => {
      const user = new UserService().add({ username: 'james', password: '123456' });
      const result = login('james', '123'); 
      expect(result).to.equal(false);
    });
  });
});

We arrange with the first line of the test.

Act is the call for the login function.

Assert is the expect call.

#technology #software-development #programming #web-development #javascript

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Software Testing 101: Regression Tests, Unit Tests, Integration Tests

Automation and segregation can help you build better software
If you write automated tests and deliver them to the customer, he can make sure the software is working properly. And, at the end of the day, he paid for it.

Ok. We can segregate or separate the tests according to some criteria. For example, “white box” tests are used to measure the internal quality of the software, in addition to the expected results. They are very useful to know the percentage of lines of code executed, the cyclomatic complexity and several other software metrics. Unit tests are white box tests.

#testing #software testing #regression tests #unit tests #integration tests

Where To Learn Test Programming — July 2020 Edition

What do you do when you have lots of free time on your hands? Why not learn test programming strategies and approaches?

When you’re looking for places to learn test programming, Test Automation University has you covered. From API testing through visual validation, you can hone your skills and learn new approaches on TAU.

We introduced five new TAU courses from April through June, and each of them can help you expand your knowledge, learn a new approach, and improve your craft as a test automation engineer. They are:

These courses add to the other three courses we introduced in January through March 2020:

• IntelliJ for Test Automation Engineers (3 hrs 41 min)
• Cucumber with JavaScript (1 hr 22 min)
• Python Programming (2 hrs)

Each of these courses can give you a new set of skills.

Let’s look at each in a little detail.

Mobile Automation With Appium in JavaScript

Orane Findley teaches Mobile Automation with Appium in JavaScript. Orane walks through all the basics of Appium, starting with what it is and where it runs.

“Appium is an open-source tool for automating native, web, and hybrid applications on different platforms.”

In the introduction, Orane describes the course parts:

• Setup and Dependencies — installing Appium and setting up your first project
• Working with elements by finding them, sending values, clicking, and submitting
• Creating sessions, changing screen orientations, and taking screenshots
• Timing, including TimeOuts and Implicit Waits
• Collecting attributes and data from an element
• Selecting and using element states
• Reviewing everything to make it all make sense

The first chapter, broken into five parts, gets your system ready for the rest of the course. You’ll download and install a Java Developer Kit, a stable version of Node.js, Android Studio and Emulator (for a mobile device emulator), Visual Studio Code for an IDE, Appium Server, and a sample Appium Android Package Kit. If you get into trouble, you can use the Test Automation University Slack channel to get help from Orane. Each subchapter contains the links to get to the proper software. Finally, Orane has you customize your configuration for the course project.

Chapter 2 deals with elements and screen interactions for your app. You can find elements on the page, interact with those elements, and scroll the page to make other elements visible. Orane breaks the chapter into three distinct subchapters so you can become competent with each part of finding, scrolling, and interacting with the app. The quiz comes at the end of the third subchapter.

The remaining chapters each deal with specific bullets listed above: sessions and screen capture, timing, element attributes, and using element states. The final summary chapter ensures you have internalized the key takeaways from the course. Each of these chapters includes its quiz.

When you complete this course successfully, you will have both a certificate of completion and the code infrastructure available on your system to start testing mobile apps using Appium.

Selenium WebDriver With Python

Andrew Knight, who blogs as The Automation Panda, teaches the course on Selenium WebDriver with Python. As Andrew points out, Python has become a popular language for test automation. If you don’t know Python at all, he points you to Jess Ingrassellino’s great course, Python for Test Programming, also on Test Automation University.

In the first chapter, Andrew has you write your first test. Not in Python, but Gherkin. If you have never used Gherkin syntax, it helps you structure your tests in pseudocode that you can translate into any language of your choice. Andrew points out that it’s important to write your test steps before you write test code — and Gherkin makes this process straightforward.

The second chapter goes through setting up a pytest, the test framework Andrew uses. He assumes you already have Python 3.8 installed. Depending on your machine, you may need to do some work (Macs come with Python 2.7.16 installed, which is old and won’t work. Andrew also goes through the pip package manager to install pipenv. He gives you a GitHub link to his test code for the project. And, finally, he creates a test using the Gherkin codes as comments to show you how a test runs in pytest.

In the third chapter, you set up Selenium Webdriver to work with specific browsers, then create your test fixture in the pytest. Andrew reminds you to download the appropriate browser driver for the browser you want to test — for example, chromedriver to drive Chrome and geckodriver to drive Firefox. Once you use pipenv to install Selenium, you begin your test fixture. One thing to remember is to call an explicit quit for your webdriver after a test.

Chapter 4 goes through page objects, and how you abstract page object details to simplify your test structure. Chapter 5 goes through element locator structures and how to use these in Python. And, in Chapter 6, Andrew goes through some common webdriver calls and how to use them in your tests. These first six chapters cover the basics of testing with Python and Selenium.

Now that you have the basics down, the final three chapters review some advanced ideas: testing with multiple browsers, handling race conditions, and running your tests in parallel. This course gives you specific skills around Python and Selenium on top of what you can get from the Python for Test Programming course.

#tutorial #performance #testing #automation #test automation #automated testing #visual testing #visual testing best practices #testing tutorial

Quality Assurance Services | Best QA team for Hire

Software testing is often underrated when it comes to tight deadlines and deliverables. Developers try to compromise in software testing phases, and this leads to more confusion and client dissatisfaction. A professional software developer is the one who remains calm an ensures that the developed solutions go through proper checks and trouble shooting well before the software is due to be delivered or deployed. There are situations when the software development companies do not have an in-house testing team or lack certain tools and resources. In this case, they use third party software testing companies to complete the process.

Software Testing-All you need to know about

Software testing, we all know is a mandatory process that needs to be carried out during, after and beyond the development of any software solution. It helps identify major and minor glitches. Early and regular identification, can help programmers ensure that the finished product is error free. Imagine, developing a software and deploying it without any testing or quality checks? What would be the result? The answers could be endless and rolling out a software this way could jeopardize an entire software development organization.

The lack of proper and robust software testing is a major problem facing development companies. This can be due to many reasons. So when integrating a successful testing processes into software development, a development company should keep a few things in mind.

What software testing actually means

Verifying whether software meets the expected parameters. It is not a superficial but an in-depth process
A healthy process involves investigating the product to find any information that is of value to the stakeholders.
Trying to identify problems before software is released to stakeholders
An integral step in software development that is often underrated is constant communication with stakeholders and collaboration to improve the product
It is important to keep these points in mind when searching for a good software testing partner. Getting software testing done by a third-party vendor is not an easy task because it can be hard to determine if a company will be a good partner or a bad one. Your knowledge of proper testing and quality assurance processes comes into play here.

How to excel in manual quality testing

Proper Organization
Organization is an important step not only in testing but other processes too. When we talk about manual testing, it becomes necessary to create an organized structure to store all the relevant details of the project so that no integral information is lost or missed. The stored information and communication details are helpful when creating a successful testing strategy and revisiting information exchanged earlier.

Writing detailed bug reports
Bug reports submitted by the tester are of the utmost importance because these reports contain reports of genuine issue in the application. A detailed report is a great benefit to developers because they can just go through it and see what needs to be done next. If the bug report is not clear or it is incomplete, it creates confusion and may lead to misunderstandings or delayed delivery dates.

Clarity in test cases
The optimal size for a test case is 3 to 8 steps. Clarity in test cases can determine the efficiency in your testing tasks. Just like a detailed bug report is important similarly clear and precise test cases are required to carry out and effective testing process. Test cases should not be very long, the longer the test case the trickier it will be for the developer to work through it.

Besides clear case studies and complete bug reports, the tester must have ability to be focused and stay positive while testing the software application. These features enhance the testing process and make it more reliable.

Tools used for robust software testing

Where manual testing is considered a priority in a software development process, automated testing aids the process and makes it more effective.

Good testing tools:

1. Selenium
Selenium is an automated testing tool that runs on various OS systems like Linux, Windows, and iOS. It is a testing framework to perform web application testing. Selenium helps the testers to write tests in various programming languages like Java, PHP, C#, Python, Groovy, Ruby, and Perl. It provides a record and review of the features. These records are easy to learn and utilize. Selenium proudly supports some of the largest browser vendors. Major browsers often include Selenium as a native part of their browser. Selenium is undoubtedly the base for most of the other software testing tools in general.

2. Tosca Testsuite
Tosca Testsuite by Tricentis uses model-based test automation to automate software testing.

Tosca Testsuite comes with the following capabilities:

• Plan and design test case
• Test data provisioning
• Service virtualization network
• Tests mobile apps
• Integration management
• Risk coverage

3. TestingWhiz
The enterprise package of TestingWhiz offers automated testing solutions like web testing, software testing, database testing, API testing, mobile app testing, regression testing and more. It is the testing tool that offers code-less scripting and involves processes such as optimization, automation and cross-browser testing.

Other features include:

• Keyword-driven, data-driven testing, and distributed testing
• Browser Extension Testing
• Object Eye Internal Recorder
• SMTP Integration
• Bug tracking tools- Jira, Mantis, TFS and FogBugz
• Test management tools – HP Quality Center, Zephyr, TestRail, and Microsoft VSTS
• Customized Recording Rule

4. TestComplete
TestComplete is a functional testing platform that offers various solutions to automate testing for desktop, web, and mobile applications.

TestComplete offers the following features:

• GUI testing
• Scripting Language Support – JavaScript, Python, VBScript, JScript, DelphiScript, C++Script & C# Script
• Test visualizer
• Scripted testing
• Test recording and playback

5. Ranorex
Ranorex Studio covers testing of all desktop, web, and mobile applications.

Ranorex offers the following features:

• GUI recognition
• Reusable test codes
• Bug detection
• Integration with various tools
• Record and playback

6. HPE Unified Functional Testing
Formerly known as HP QuickTest Professional, HPE Unified Functional Testing offers testing automation for functional and regression testing for software applications.

Visual Basic Scripting Edition is used by this tool to register the test processes and operates the various objects and controls in testing the applications.

Other features are:

• Mercury Business Process Testing
• Unique Smart Object Recognition
• Error handling mechanism
• Creation of parameters for objects, checkpoints, and data-driven tables
• Automated documentation

7. Sahi
This open-source testing tool is written in Java and JavaScript programming languages.

Sahi provides the following features:

• Performs multi-browser testing
• Supports ExtJS, ZK, Dojo, YUI, etc. frameworks
• Record and playback on the browser testing

8. Watir
Watir, pronounced as ‘Water’, is an open-source testing tool made up of Ruby libraries to automate web application testing.

Watir offers the following features:

• Tests any language-based web application
• Cross-browser testing
• Compatible with business-driven development tools like RSpec, Cucumber, and Test/Unit
• Tests web page’s buttons, forms, links, and their responses

9. Telerik TestStudio

Telerik TestStudio offers one solution to automate desktop, web, and mobile application testing including UI, load, and performance testing.

Telerik TestStudio offers various compatibilities like:

• Support for programming languages like HTML, AJAX, ASP.NET, JavaScript, Silverlight, WPF, and MVC
• Integration with Visual Basic Studio 2010 and 2012
• Record and playback
• Cross-browser testing
• Manual testing
• Integration with bug tracking tools

10. Katalon Studio

Katalon Studio by Katalon LLC is built on top of Appium with a specialized IDE interface for API, web and mobile testing. This tool includes a full package of powerful features that help overcome common challenges in web UI test automation.

Katalon Studio consists of the following features:

• XPath, object re-identification
• Built-in object repository
• Supports Java/Groovy scripting languages
• Built-in support for Image-based testing
• Support Continuous Integration tools like Jenkins & TeamCity
• Supports Duel-editor Interface
• Customizable execution workflow

Conclusion
Software testing is the whole and sole process in which the application’s actual working state can be diagnosed. Some software development organizations get it done in house whereas, some require outsourcing. Software testing is a vast topic and its process vary from organization to organization. But it is a critical step and should be carried out by any reliable team.

#software testing best practices #software test strategies #software testing strategies #software testing approach #qa strategies #testing best practices

Testing Microservices Applications

The shift towards microservices and modular applications makes testing more important and more challenging at the same time. You have to make sure that the microservices running in containers perform well and as intended, but you can no longer rely on conventional testing strategies to get the job done.

This is where new testing approaches are needed. Testing your microservices applications require the right approach, a suitable set of tools, and immense attention to details. This article will guide you through the process of testing your microservices and talk about the challenges you will have to overcome along the way. Let’s get started, shall we?

A Brave New World

Traditionally, testing a monolith application meant configuring a test environment and setting up all of the application components in a way that matched the production environment. It took time to set up the testing environment, and there were a lot of complexities around the process.

Testing also requires the application to run in full. It is not possible to test monolith apps on a per-component basis, mainly because there is usually a base code that ties everything together, and the app is designed to run as a complete app to work properly.

Microservices running in containers offer one particular advantage: universal compatibility. You don’t have to match the testing environment with the deployment architecture exactly, and you can get away with testing individual components rather than the full app in some situations.

Of course, you will have to embrace the new cloud-native approach across the pipeline. Rather than creating critical dependencies between microservices, you need to treat each one as a semi-independent module.

The only monolith or centralized portion of the application is the database, but this too is an easy challenge to overcome. As long as you have a persistent database running on your test environment, you can perform tests at any time.

Keep in mind that there are additional things to focus on when testing microservices.

• Microservices rely on network communications to talk to each other, so network reliability and requirements must be part of the testing.
• Automation and infrastructure elements are now added as codes, and you have to make sure that they also run properly when microservices are pushed through the pipeline
• While containerization is universal, you still have to pay attention to specific dependencies and create a testing strategy that allows for those dependencies to be included

Test containers are the method of choice for many developers. Unlike monolith apps, which lets you use stubs and mocks for testing, microservices need to be tested in test containers. Many CI/CD pipelines actually integrate production microservices as part of the testing process.

Contract Testing as an Approach

As mentioned before, there are many ways to test microservices effectively, but the one approach that developers now use reliably is contract testing. Loosely coupled microservices can be tested in an effective and efficient way using contract testing, mainly because this testing approach focuses on contracts; in other words, it focuses on how components or microservices communicate with each other.

Syntax and semantics construct how components communicate with each other. By defining syntax and semantics in a standardized way and testing microservices based on their ability to generate the right message formats and meet behavioral expectations, you can rest assured knowing that the microservices will behave as intended when deployed.

Ways to Test Microservices

It is easy to fall into the trap of making testing microservices complicated, but there are ways to avoid this problem. Testing microservices doesn’t have to be complicated at all when you have the right strategy in place.

There are several ways to test microservices too, including:

• Unit testing: Which allows developers to test microservices in a granular way. It doesn’t limit testing to individual microservices, but rather allows developers to take a more granular approach such as testing individual features or runtimes.
• Integration testing: Which handles the testing of microservices in an interactive way. Microservices still need to work with each other when they are deployed, and integration testing is a key process in making sure that they do.
• End-to-end testing: Which⁠—as the name suggests⁠—tests microservices as a complete app. This type of testing enables the testing of features, UI, communications, and other components that construct the app.

What’s important to note is the fact that these testing approaches allow for asynchronous testing. After all, asynchronous development is what makes developing microservices very appealing in the first place. By allowing for asynchronous testing, you can also make sure that components or microservices can be updated independently to one another.

#blog #microservices #testing #caylent #contract testing #end-to-end testing #hoverfly #integration testing #microservices #microservices architecture #pact #testing #unit testing #vagrant #vcr

Testing Microservices Applications

The shift towards microservices and modular applications makes testing more important and more challenging at the same time. You have to make sure that the microservices running in containers perform well and as intended, but you can no longer rely on conventional testing strategies to get the job done.

This is where new testing approaches are needed. Testing your microservices applications require the right approach, a suitable set of tools, and immense attention to details. This article will guide you through the process of testing your microservices and talk about the challenges you will have to overcome along the way. Let’s get started, shall we?

A Brave New World

Traditionally, testing a monolith application meant configuring a test environment and setting up all of the application components in a way that matched the production environment. It took time to set up the testing environment, and there were a lot of complexities around the process.

Testing also requires the application to run in full. It is not possible to test monolith apps on a per-component basis, mainly because there is usually a base code that ties everything together, and the app is designed to run as a complete app to work properly.

Microservices running in containers offer one particular advantage: universal compatibility. You don’t have to match the testing environment with the deployment architecture exactly, and you can get away with testing individual components rather than the full app in some situations.

Of course, you will have to embrace the new cloud-native approach across the pipeline. Rather than creating critical dependencies between microservices, you need to treat each one as a semi-independent module.

The only monolith or centralized portion of the application is the database, but this too is an easy challenge to overcome. As long as you have a persistent database running on your test environment, you can perform tests at any time.

Keep in mind that there are additional things to focus on when testing microservices.

• Microservices rely on network communications to talk to each other, so network reliability and requirements must be part of the testing.
• Automation and infrastructure elements are now added as codes, and you have to make sure that they also run properly when microservices are pushed through the pipeline
• While containerization is universal, you still have to pay attention to specific dependencies and create a testing strategy that allows for those dependencies to be included

Test containers are the method of choice for many developers. Unlike monolith apps, which lets you use stubs and mocks for testing, microservices need to be tested in test containers. Many CI/CD pipelines actually integrate production microservices as part of the testing process.

Contract Testing as an Approach

As mentioned before, there are many ways to test microservices effectively, but the one approach that developers now use reliably is contract testing. Loosely coupled microservices can be tested in an effective and efficient way using contract testing, mainly because this testing approach focuses on contracts; in other words, it focuses on how components or microservices communicate with each other.

Syntax and semantics construct how components communicate with each other. By defining syntax and semantics in a standardized way and testing microservices based on their ability to generate the right message formats and meet behavioral expectations, you can rest assured knowing that the microservices will behave as intended when deployed.

#testing #software testing #test automation #microservice architecture #microservice #test #software test automation #microservice best practices #microservice deployment #microservice components