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The 5 Most Used Languages for Web Development
To give you an idea of the options available, the 5 most commonly used languages for web development at the moment, in no particular order, are:
- PHP
- Ruby
- Python
- Java
- JavaScript
You might see some people mention ASP.NET, this isn’t a language. It’s a framework.
I’ll talk about the difference later, but for now let’s just say that while ASP.NET is a valid choice as a framework, as a beginner I wouldn’t worry about it.
This is going to be a little bit more than you asked for, probably, but in the end I think it’ll help you out more with your decisions. If you already know parts of the following, feel free to skip over.
Overview of how a web application
You, the user, enter a url into the address bar in your browser.
Using the information in that url, your browser identifies what you want and where to look for it and sends a request to the application’s server.
This request is sent using a protocol called HTTP. A protocol just means that your browser and the server follow a set of rules when they talk to each other. HTTP is a particular set of rules.
When the server receives the request your browser sent, it looks at it and decides what to send back to your browser.
When you first visit a web application, this is almost always a HTML document.
So, the server returns a **_response _**to your browser, which contains HTML.
HTML contains directions for your browser on what to display to the user. It also tells your browser the other things it will need to display the application correctly to the user.
Primarily, CSS and JavaScript documents, but also images, fonts and many other things.
The browser then makes more requests to get these other things, let’s call them assets.
These requests for assets can be made to any number of different servers, and they take time!
A good web application does it’s best to make this process efficient and undetectable to the user.
A link in a webpage is like a shortcut to entering the url in your address bar, and most of the time when you enter in a url or click a link, this whole process is initiated again.
#technology #programming #coding #developer #software-development
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Pdf2gerb: Perl Script Converts PDF Files to Gerber format
pdf2gerb
Perl script converts PDF files to Gerber format
Pdf2Gerb generates Gerber 274X photoplotting and Excellon drill files from PDFs of a PCB. Up to three PDFs are used: the top copper layer, the bottom copper layer (for 2-sided PCBs), and an optional silk screen layer. The PDFs can be created directly from any PDF drawing software, or a PDF print driver can be used to capture the Print output if the drawing software does not directly support output to PDF.
The general workflow is as follows:
- Design the PCB using your favorite CAD or drawing software.
- Print the top and bottom copper and top silk screen layers to a PDF file.
- Run Pdf2Gerb on the PDFs to create Gerber and Excellon files.
- Use a Gerber viewer to double-check the output against the original PCB design.
- Make adjustments as needed.
- Submit the files to a PCB manufacturer.
Please note that Pdf2Gerb does NOT perform DRC (Design Rule Checks), as these will vary according to individual PCB manufacturer conventions and capabilities. Also note that Pdf2Gerb is not perfect, so the output files must always be checked before submitting them. As of version 1.6, Pdf2Gerb supports most PCB elements, such as round and square pads, round holes, traces, SMD pads, ground planes, no-fill areas, and panelization. However, because it interprets the graphical output of a Print function, there are limitations in what it can recognize (or there may be bugs).
See docs/Pdf2Gerb.pdf for install/setup, config, usage, and other info.
pdf2gerb_cfg.pm
#Pdf2Gerb config settings:
#Put this file in same folder/directory as pdf2gerb.pl itself (global settings),
#or copy to another folder/directory with PDFs if you want PCB-specific settings.
#There is only one user of this file, so we don't need a custom package or namespace.
#NOTE: all constants defined in here will be added to main namespace.
#package pdf2gerb_cfg;
use strict; #trap undef vars (easier debug)
use warnings; #other useful info (easier debug)
##############################################################################################
#configurable settings:
#change values here instead of in main pfg2gerb.pl file
use constant WANT_COLORS => ($^O !~ m/Win/); #ANSI colors no worky on Windows? this must be set < first DebugPrint() call
#just a little warning; set realistic expectations:
#DebugPrint("${\(CYAN)}Pdf2Gerb.pl ${\(VERSION)}, $^O O/S\n${\(YELLOW)}${\(BOLD)}${\(ITALIC)}This is EXPERIMENTAL software. \nGerber files MAY CONTAIN ERRORS. Please CHECK them before fabrication!${\(RESET)}", 0); #if WANT_DEBUG
use constant METRIC => FALSE; #set to TRUE for metric units (only affect final numbers in output files, not internal arithmetic)
use constant APERTURE_LIMIT => 0; #34; #max #apertures to use; generate warnings if too many apertures are used (0 to not check)
use constant DRILL_FMT => '2.4'; #'2.3'; #'2.4' is the default for PCB fab; change to '2.3' for CNC
use constant WANT_DEBUG => 0; #10; #level of debug wanted; higher == more, lower == less, 0 == none
use constant GERBER_DEBUG => 0; #level of debug to include in Gerber file; DON'T USE FOR FABRICATION
use constant WANT_STREAMS => FALSE; #TRUE; #save decompressed streams to files (for debug)
use constant WANT_ALLINPUT => FALSE; #TRUE; #save entire input stream (for debug ONLY)
#DebugPrint(sprintf("${\(CYAN)}DEBUG: stdout %d, gerber %d, want streams? %d, all input? %d, O/S: $^O, Perl: $]${\(RESET)}\n", WANT_DEBUG, GERBER_DEBUG, WANT_STREAMS, WANT_ALLINPUT), 1);
#DebugPrint(sprintf("max int = %d, min int = %d\n", MAXINT, MININT), 1);
#define standard trace and pad sizes to reduce scaling or PDF rendering errors:
#This avoids weird aperture settings and replaces them with more standardized values.
#(I'm not sure how photoplotters handle strange sizes).
#Fewer choices here gives more accurate mapping in the final Gerber files.
#units are in inches
use constant TOOL_SIZES => #add more as desired
(
#round or square pads (> 0) and drills (< 0):
.010, -.001, #tiny pads for SMD; dummy drill size (too small for practical use, but needed so StandardTool will use this entry)
.031, -.014, #used for vias
.041, -.020, #smallest non-filled plated hole
.051, -.025,
.056, -.029, #useful for IC pins
.070, -.033,
.075, -.040, #heavier leads
# .090, -.043, #NOTE: 600 dpi is not high enough resolution to reliably distinguish between .043" and .046", so choose 1 of the 2 here
.100, -.046,
.115, -.052,
.130, -.061,
.140, -.067,
.150, -.079,
.175, -.088,
.190, -.093,
.200, -.100,
.220, -.110,
.160, -.125, #useful for mounting holes
#some additional pad sizes without holes (repeat a previous hole size if you just want the pad size):
.090, -.040, #want a .090 pad option, but use dummy hole size
.065, -.040, #.065 x .065 rect pad
.035, -.040, #.035 x .065 rect pad
#traces:
.001, #too thin for real traces; use only for board outlines
.006, #minimum real trace width; mainly used for text
.008, #mainly used for mid-sized text, not traces
.010, #minimum recommended trace width for low-current signals
.012,
.015, #moderate low-voltage current
.020, #heavier trace for power, ground (even if a lighter one is adequate)
.025,
.030, #heavy-current traces; be careful with these ones!
.040,
.050,
.060,
.080,
.100,
.120,
);
#Areas larger than the values below will be filled with parallel lines:
#This cuts down on the number of aperture sizes used.
#Set to 0 to always use an aperture or drill, regardless of size.
use constant { MAX_APERTURE => max((TOOL_SIZES)) + .004, MAX_DRILL => -min((TOOL_SIZES)) + .004 }; #max aperture and drill sizes (plus a little tolerance)
#DebugPrint(sprintf("using %d standard tool sizes: %s, max aper %.3f, max drill %.3f\n", scalar((TOOL_SIZES)), join(", ", (TOOL_SIZES)), MAX_APERTURE, MAX_DRILL), 1);
#NOTE: Compare the PDF to the original CAD file to check the accuracy of the PDF rendering and parsing!
#for example, the CAD software I used generated the following circles for holes:
#CAD hole size: parsed PDF diameter: error:
# .014 .016 +.002
# .020 .02267 +.00267
# .025 .026 +.001
# .029 .03167 +.00267
# .033 .036 +.003
# .040 .04267 +.00267
#This was usually ~ .002" - .003" too big compared to the hole as displayed in the CAD software.
#To compensate for PDF rendering errors (either during CAD Print function or PDF parsing logic), adjust the values below as needed.
#units are pixels; for example, a value of 2.4 at 600 dpi = .0004 inch, 2 at 600 dpi = .0033"
use constant
{
HOLE_ADJUST => -0.004 * 600, #-2.6, #holes seemed to be slightly oversized (by .002" - .004"), so shrink them a little
RNDPAD_ADJUST => -0.003 * 600, #-2, #-2.4, #round pads seemed to be slightly oversized, so shrink them a little
SQRPAD_ADJUST => +0.001 * 600, #+.5, #square pads are sometimes too small by .00067, so bump them up a little
RECTPAD_ADJUST => 0, #(pixels) rectangular pads seem to be okay? (not tested much)
TRACE_ADJUST => 0, #(pixels) traces seemed to be okay?
REDUCE_TOLERANCE => .001, #(inches) allow this much variation when reducing circles and rects
};
#Also, my CAD's Print function or the PDF print driver I used was a little off for circles, so define some additional adjustment values here:
#Values are added to X/Y coordinates; units are pixels; for example, a value of 1 at 600 dpi would be ~= .002 inch
use constant
{
CIRCLE_ADJUST_MINX => 0,
CIRCLE_ADJUST_MINY => -0.001 * 600, #-1, #circles were a little too high, so nudge them a little lower
CIRCLE_ADJUST_MAXX => +0.001 * 600, #+1, #circles were a little too far to the left, so nudge them a little to the right
CIRCLE_ADJUST_MAXY => 0,
SUBST_CIRCLE_CLIPRECT => FALSE, #generate circle and substitute for clip rects (to compensate for the way some CAD software draws circles)
WANT_CLIPRECT => TRUE, #FALSE, #AI doesn't need clip rect at all? should be on normally?
RECT_COMPLETION => FALSE, #TRUE, #fill in 4th side of rect when 3 sides found
};
#allow .012 clearance around pads for solder mask:
#This value effectively adjusts pad sizes in the TOOL_SIZES list above (only for solder mask layers).
use constant SOLDER_MARGIN => +.012; #units are inches
#line join/cap styles:
use constant
{
CAP_NONE => 0, #butt (none); line is exact length
CAP_ROUND => 1, #round cap/join; line overhangs by a semi-circle at either end
CAP_SQUARE => 2, #square cap/join; line overhangs by a half square on either end
CAP_OVERRIDE => FALSE, #cap style overrides drawing logic
};
#number of elements in each shape type:
use constant
{
RECT_SHAPELEN => 6, #x0, y0, x1, y1, count, "rect" (start, end corners)
LINE_SHAPELEN => 6, #x0, y0, x1, y1, count, "line" (line seg)
CURVE_SHAPELEN => 10, #xstart, ystart, x0, y0, x1, y1, xend, yend, count, "curve" (bezier 2 points)
CIRCLE_SHAPELEN => 5, #x, y, 5, count, "circle" (center + radius)
};
#const my %SHAPELEN =
#Readonly my %SHAPELEN =>
our %SHAPELEN =
(
rect => RECT_SHAPELEN,
line => LINE_SHAPELEN,
curve => CURVE_SHAPELEN,
circle => CIRCLE_SHAPELEN,
);
#panelization:
#This will repeat the entire body the number of times indicated along the X or Y axes (files grow accordingly).
#Display elements that overhang PCB boundary can be squashed or left as-is (typically text or other silk screen markings).
#Set "overhangs" TRUE to allow overhangs, FALSE to truncate them.
#xpad and ypad allow margins to be added around outer edge of panelized PCB.
use constant PANELIZE => {'x' => 1, 'y' => 1, 'xpad' => 0, 'ypad' => 0, 'overhangs' => TRUE}; #number of times to repeat in X and Y directions
# Set this to 1 if you need TurboCAD support.
#$turboCAD = FALSE; #is this still needed as an option?
#CIRCAD pad generation uses an appropriate aperture, then moves it (stroke) "a little" - we use this to find pads and distinguish them from PCB holes.
use constant PAD_STROKE => 0.3; #0.0005 * 600; #units are pixels
#convert very short traces to pads or holes:
use constant TRACE_MINLEN => .001; #units are inches
#use constant ALWAYS_XY => TRUE; #FALSE; #force XY even if X or Y doesn't change; NOTE: needs to be TRUE for all pads to show in FlatCAM and ViewPlot
use constant REMOVE_POLARITY => FALSE; #TRUE; #set to remove subtractive (negative) polarity; NOTE: must be FALSE for ground planes
#PDF uses "points", each point = 1/72 inch
#combined with a PDF scale factor of .12, this gives 600 dpi resolution (1/72 * .12 = 600 dpi)
use constant INCHES_PER_POINT => 1/72; #0.0138888889; #multiply point-size by this to get inches
# The precision used when computing a bezier curve. Higher numbers are more precise but slower (and generate larger files).
#$bezierPrecision = 100;
use constant BEZIER_PRECISION => 36; #100; #use const; reduced for faster rendering (mainly used for silk screen and thermal pads)
# Ground planes and silk screen or larger copper rectangles or circles are filled line-by-line using this resolution.
use constant FILL_WIDTH => .01; #fill at most 0.01 inch at a time
# The max number of characters to read into memory
use constant MAX_BYTES => 10 * M; #bumped up to 10 MB, use const
use constant DUP_DRILL1 => TRUE; #FALSE; #kludge: ViewPlot doesn't load drill files that are too small so duplicate first tool
my $runtime = time(); #Time::HiRes::gettimeofday(); #measure my execution time
print STDERR "Loaded config settings from '${\(__FILE__)}'.\n";
1; #last value must be truthful to indicate successful load
#############################################################################################
#junk/experiment:
#use Package::Constants;
#use Exporter qw(import); #https://perldoc.perl.org/Exporter.html
#my $caller = "pdf2gerb::";
#sub cfg
#{
# my $proto = shift;
# my $class = ref($proto) || $proto;
# my $settings =
# {
# $WANT_DEBUG => 990, #10; #level of debug wanted; higher == more, lower == less, 0 == none
# };
# bless($settings, $class);
# return $settings;
#}
#use constant HELLO => "hi there2"; #"main::HELLO" => "hi there";
#use constant GOODBYE => 14; #"main::GOODBYE" => 12;
#print STDERR "read cfg file\n";
#our @EXPORT_OK = Package::Constants->list(__PACKAGE__); #https://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=1072691; NOTE: "_OK" skips short/common names
#print STDERR scalar(@EXPORT_OK) . " consts exported:\n";
#foreach(@EXPORT_OK) { print STDERR "$_\n"; }
#my $val = main::thing("xyz");
#print STDERR "caller gave me $val\n";
#foreach my $arg (@ARGV) { print STDERR "arg $arg\n"; }Download Details:
Author: swannman
Source Code: https://github.com/swannman/pdf2gerb
License: GPL-3.0 license
1627274472
Develop An Unique Web App for your Firm
Web app represents the particular firm or organization for which it is developed. With the help of a web app, the firm owner can promote and increase their business by reaching more and more customers for their website or web app.
Every firm or organization must have its own web app to represent their company, what they do, what they provide users feedback, and a lot more. If you have your web app then users can know your company deeply and they can also show interest in your company.
To develop a unique web app contact Nevina Infotech that is the best web application development services provider company, that can help you to develop the web app for your firm as per your requirement.
#web application development company #web application development services #web app development company #custom web application development company #web app development services #web application development agency
1626238039
Find the best web app development company for your Startup
A web app is the best way to promote their business for startups. You can’t verbally go and tell everyone to visit your company, but your website or web app can do that. A web app can represent your company, and the visitors who are visiting your website or web app will get knowledge about your firm. Doing this can help you to increase your customer rate.
Nevina Infotech is the best web app development company to choose for developing your web app for your startup. We have a great team of web developers to work with. Our developers are dedicated and enthusiastic in their work.
#web application development company #web application development services #web app development company #custom web application development company #web app development services #custom web application development services
1625635172
Top Responsive Web App Development Company in USA
AppClues Infotech is a well known web application development company. We help you to redefine your technological environment in this constantly changing digital age and competitive scenario. We specialize in developing customer centric web applications and provide you with enhanced web app development services as well as modern app marketing services which are focused to drive effectiveness and efficiency to your business.
We have team of creative website developers, designers, testers and quality engineers help businesses to operate their day-to-day activities actively. We serve superb app design & development services with great ease and awareness. With our responsive website design services, we provide user-friendly experience across all platforms (desktop, tablet, mobile).
Want A Beautiful Web App? We build 100% Responsive, Mobile Friendly, Professionally designed websites Loved By Clients & Google.
For more info:
Website: https://www.appcluesinfotech.com/
Email: info@appcluesinfotech.com
Call: +1-978-309-9910
#top responsive web app development company in usa #top web development companies in united states #best web development company usa #web application development company usa & india #web app development company in new york #top web app development company
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Best Web Development Institute in Delhi - Online Course
If you want to pursue a career in Web Development, then you must opt for a Web Development course in Delhi. The Best Web Development Institute in Delhi is offered by Web Development colleges or institutions. They are designed to give you the necessary training to start a Web Development company or a web design business. These courses are generally provided by Techstack and other institutes in Delhi like APTRON, ADMEC, Next G Education etc. contact them and get the best online training in India. These institutes offer the basic courses with advanced level of courses.
Their courses help you learn Web Development and web marketing. The Best Web Development Institute in Delhi will enable you to understand the basic requirements of web design and Web Development. You can also enhance your web design skills through these Web Development courses in Delhi. The Web Development training in Delhi from an experienced Web Development institute in India will teach you Web Development principles and methods through their live projects. This course in Delhi from an institute of good repute has a host of practical, theoretical and educational lessons which can be followed closely. These Web Development training institutes in Delhi can be followed up with classroom learning.
Best Web Development Institute in Delhi:
The institute, which you select for training in Delhi can decide the schedule of classes. Some Web Designing institutes provide you with the opportunity of choosing a particular institute for online training also. In this case, you would be able to find Web Development courses in Delhi conducted by that institute. The course work of these institutes is generally taught in a classroom setting. Most of these institutes conduct both classroom sessions and web-based courses.
You can take Web Development training in Delhi from an institute which offers you real world-class online training. The Techstack Academy conducts its Web Development training in a traditional manner. Students can create their own applications using the modern lab environment provided at the best institute. Many institutes conduct their web-based online course in a modern lab setup. They have a number of modern labs where students can interact with their teachers and fellow students of the same institute. This interaction helps the students identify and grasp concepts in an easy manner.
In the Web Development training in Delhi from an institute of good repute, students can choose between Web Development with live projects, web design and Web Development with prototypes with manual coding. The students can choose the best course for them depending on their goals and preferences.
Also Read: Web Development Course in Delhi (#1 Best Training Institute)
With regard to Web Development training in Delhi, the first step that the students have to take is to register themselves at the Best Web Development Institute in Delhi of their choice. Once they are registered, they can choose the course of their choice. Some of these training centers offer intensive training while some do not offer any specialised training and hence students can easily find an online training institute in Delhi NCR also that suits their needs.
In order to get a web designing course in Delhi, one has to follow certain rules. First of all, the students need to contact the Web Development training centre in Delhi and register themselves for the course. The Best Web Development Institute in Delhi may conduct an interview process or conduct a web-course interview. The institute needs to understand the skills that the student possesses. Students can look forward to a bright career in web designing courses in Delhi as they can secure a number of jobs after completing their courses.
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