Why and How of Kubernetes Ingress (and Networking)

Services running in Kubernetes are not accessible on a public or private cloud. This is how Kubernetes is designed considering service security in mind.

Securely allowing access to a service outside the cluster requires some understanding of how networking is setup and the different requirements driving the networking choices.

We briefly start by exploring what is expected from a Kubernetes cluster when it comes to service isolation, service scaling, and service delivery. Once the high-level requirements are laid out, it is easier to understand the significance of different constructs and abstractions.

We conclude by contrasting the advantages of using and Ingress to run a layer of L7 policy (or proxies) in front of a service running inside Kubernetes.

Understanding the scheme of Kubernetes Networking

Understanding Kubernetes Ingress is key to running microservices and securely accessing those services. This article is an attempt to demystify how Kubernetes networking is setup.

We look at networking when a service is created, the different Kubernetes artifacts created, the networking machinery required to meet different requirements.

We also describe the significance of different types of IPs like External-IP, Node-IP, Cluster-IP, Pod-IP and describe how traffic passes through each one of them.

Starting with cluster networking requirements provides us an opportunity of why networking is setup the way it is.

#cloud #kubernetes #api

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50+ Useful Kubernetes Tools for 2020 - Part 2

Introduction

Last year, we provided a list of Kubernetes tools that proved so popular we have decided to curate another list of some useful additions for working with the platform—among which are many tools that we personally use here at Caylent. Check out the original tools list here in case you missed it.

According to a recent survey done by Stackrox, the dominance Kubernetes enjoys in the market continues to be reinforced, with 86% of respondents using it for container orchestration.

(State of Kubernetes and Container Security, 2020)

And as you can see below, more and more companies are jumping into containerization for their apps. If you’re among them, here are some tools to aid you going forward as Kubernetes continues its rapid growth.

(State of Kubernetes and Container Security, 2020)

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Kubernetes in the Cloud: Strategies for Effective Multi Cloud Implementations

Kubernetes is a highly popular container orchestration platform. Multi cloud is a strategy that leverages cloud resources from multiple vendors. Multi cloud strategies have become popular because they help prevent vendor lock-in and enable you to leverage a wide variety of cloud resources. However, multi cloud ecosystems are notoriously difficult to configure and maintain.

This article explains how you can leverage Kubernetes to reduce multi cloud complexities and improve stability, scalability, and velocity.

Kubernetes: Your Multi Cloud Strategy

Maintaining standardized application deployments becomes more challenging as your number of applications and the technologies they are based on increase. As environments, operating systems, and dependencies differ, management and operations require more effort and extensive documentation.

In the past, teams tried to get around these difficulties by creating isolated projects in the data center. Each project, including its configurations and requirements were managed independently. This required accurately predicting performance and the number of users before deployment and taking down applications to update operating systems or applications. There were many chances for error.

Kubernetes can provide an alternative to the old method, enabling teams to deploy applications independent of the environment in containers. This eliminates the need to create resource partitions and enables teams to operate infrastructure as a unified whole.

In particular, Kubernetes makes it easier to deploy a multi cloud strategy since it enables you to abstract away service differences. With Kubernetes deployments you can work from a consistent platform and optimize services and applications according to your business needs.

The Compelling Attributes of Multi Cloud Kubernetes

Multi cloud Kubernetes can provide multiple benefits beyond a single cloud deployment. Below are some of the most notable advantages.

Stability

In addition to the built-in scalability, fault tolerance, and auto-healing features of Kubernetes, multi cloud deployments can provide service redundancy. For example, you can mirror applications or split microservices across vendors. This reduces the risk of a vendor-related outage and enables you to create failovers.

#kubernetes #multicloud-strategy #kubernetes-cluster #kubernetes-top-story #kubernetes-cluster-install #kubernetes-explained #kubernetes-infrastructure #cloud

Supporting the Evolving Ingress Specification in Kubernetes 1.18

What is Kubernetes Ingress

When deploying your applications in Kubernetes, one of the first challenges many people encounter is how to get traffic into their cluster. Kubernetes ingress is a collection of routing rules that govern how external users access services running in a Kubernetes cluster. There are three general approaches for exposing your application:

• Using a NodePort to expose your application on a port across each of your nodes
• Using a LoadBalancer service to create an external load balancer that points to a Kubernetes service in your cluster
• Using a Kubernetes Ingress resource

What’s new in Kubernetes 1.18 Ingress

There are three significant additions to the Ingress API in Kubernetes 1.18:

• A new pathType field
• A new IngressClass resource
• Support for wildcards in hostnames

The new pathType field allows you to specify how Ingress paths should match. The field supports three types: ImplementationSpecific (default), exact, and prefix. Explicitly defining the expected behavior of path matching will allow every ingress-controller to support a user’s needs and will increase portability between ingress-controller implementation solutions.

The IngressClass resource specifies how Ingresses should be implemented by controllers. This was added to formalize the commonly used but never standardized kubernetes.io/ingress.class annotation and allow for implementation-specific extensions and configuration.

You can read more about these changes, as well as the support for wildcards in hostnames in more detail in a previous blog post.

#kubernetes #kubernetes ingress #kubernetes 1.18 ingress #api

Kubernetes Ingress - All you need to know!

What is Kubernetes Ingress?

Kubernetes Ingress is a k8 API object that orchestrates and decides the exposure of all the external access to services defined within the cluster. That is, it routes the traffic and controls the same through the resource.

Ingress manages the external exposure and access to the services basically HTTP and HTTPS routes. It is termed useful mostly when we want to have some external HTTP(s) connections to expose it to the services or applications within the pods inside the cluster. For the same, we configure the ingress resource to the services through external DNS-wise URLs, load-balancers, etc.

#kubernetes #kubernetes ingress #ingress #k8

Traefik Ingress on Azure Kubernetes Service

Having an application deployed on a Kubernetes cluster consisting of multiple microservices, you may want to expose some of them to be accessible through the internet. While it’s obviously for your web app service, maybe you have some additional APIs that you want to expose.

In the world of Kubernetes, any connection to one of your microservices is done using the Service resource. Using the type LoadBalancer of the Kubernetes Service resource leverages the underlying cloud provider to create a cloud provider-specific load balancer for exposing the microservice through an external IP. The problem with that approach is that each microservice would be exposed under a separate IP address.

It would be much more convenient to have them exposed under one and the same host while having different paths to reach the dedicated microservice, right?

This article shows how to do that with a Kubernetes Cluster on Azure and Traefik and is a follow-up to my article about achieving the same using the Azure Application Gateway. A lot of content will be based on that article.

Introduction

Microservices can be exposed inside and outside of Kubernetes using the Kubernetes Service resource. So far, so good. But as already said, if we want to expose them outside the cluster, using the Service resource with the type LoadBalancer, we end up having different IPs for each microservice. This does not want we want, instead, we want to have them exposed under one and the host using different paths.

This is where the Kubernetes Ingress resource comes in handy. Think of an Ingress like a layer on top of Kubernetes Services. It is the single point of entrance for traffic hitting our microservices, which routes traffic to different Kubernetes Services based on specified rules.

The concept of Kubernetes Ingress resource is like an Abstraction. In order to make use of a Kubernetes Ingress, you have to install a specific Ingress Controller. There are plenty of different Implementations of the Kubernetes Ingress Abstraction out there. Nginx and Traefik Ingress are two of them which are very popular in the Kubernetes and Open Source Community, just to name some.

And then of course we have Cloud Providers, where you can use resources like Load Balancers and Gateways as a Kubernetes Ingress. Anyways, in this article, we will focus on the Traefik_ Ingress_.

#microservices #azure-kubernetes-service #ingress #kubernetes #azure kubernetes service