Ken Mueller

Ken Mueller

1647413580

Saiz Blockchain, Ia Mempengaruhi Projek Berasaskan Blockchain?

Dalam siaran ini, anda akan mempelajari Apakah Saiz Blockchain dan Bagaimana Ia Mempengaruhi Projek Berasaskan Blockchain?

Blockchain dikenali untuk merevolusikan dunia di sekeliling kita. Lagipun, ia mengubah cara kami mentakrifkan proses, menyimpan data dan meneroka keselamatan rangkaian yang menjalankan aplikasi. Ia membawa kebolehubahan, ketelusan, dan keselamatan yang tiada tandingan yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh teknologi lain sehingga kini.

Tetapi terdapat satu masalah besar - saiz blok blokchain. 

Dalam mana-mana rangkaian blockchain, tiada pihak berkuasa berpusat. Rakan sebaya mengambil bahagian dalam membawa desentralisasi ke rangkaian. Setiap rakan sebaya mempunyai salinan lejar (di mana semua urus niaga disimpan). Ini bermakna jika sebarang transaksi baharu berlaku, lejar pada setiap nod akan dikemas kini dengan sewajarnya. Penyelesaian unik itu membolehkan perniagaan mencipta rangkaian terdesentralisasi yang mampu menyelesaikan masalah yang tidak mungkin dilakukan sebelum ini.

Bagaimana Blockchain Berfungsi

Banyak industri kini melaksanakan penyelesaian blockchain untuk menjamin tempat mereka dalam perubahan masa. Walau bagaimanapun, kerana syarikat lain tidak sabar-sabar untuk belajar tentang blockchain, ramai yang sering keliru tentang cara blockchain berfungsi. Oleh itu, kerana sifat yang kompleks, walaupun ramai yang ingin melaksanakannya, mereka tidak dapat memahami sepenuhnya sama ada ia adalah pilihan yang lebih baik atau tidak.

Blockchain sebagai sistem baharu sepenuhnya mempunyai cara unik untuk menawarkan desentralisasi. Itulah sebabnya dalam panduan ini tentang cara kerja blockchain akan merangkumi semua yang berkaitan dengannya. Jadi, ambil secawan kopi dan biarkan bacaan bermula!

BAGAIMANA BLOCKCHAIN ​​BERFUNGSI

Sumber imej: 101blockchains.com

Baiklah, mari kita mulakan dengan asasnya. Sebelum anda memasuki proses, anda perlu mengambil perhatian tentang ciri-ciri kritikal blockchain ini.

Blockchain akan menyimpan apa-apa jenis pertukaran data pada platform. Jadi, ia seperti sistem lejar, di mana setiap pertukaran data mempunyai tempat dalam log. Lebih-lebih lagi, pertukaran data dalam sistem dipanggil transaksi. Setelah transaksi disahkan, ia mendapat tempat dalam sistem lejar sebagai blok.

Sebaik sahaja ia masuk ke dalam lejar, tiada siapa boleh memadam atau mengubahnya dalam apa jua cara.

Pada hakikatnya, blockchain menggunakan rangkaian teragih rakan ke rakan, yang akan memastikan sifat teknologi yang tidak berpusat. Setiap peranti yang bersambung ke rangkaian dianggap sebagai nod. Juga, untuk memahami "bagaimana blockchain berfungsi," anda perlu memahami konsep "kunci."

Ini adalah asas teknologi. Tambahan pula, kunci menawarkan keselamatan pada rangkaian. Untuk ini, pengguna dalam rangkaian akan menjana pasangan kunci yang dikenali sebagai kunci peribadi dan awam.

Sebaik sahaja anda mula menggunakan kekunci, anda akan mendapat bukti kelayakan unik yang tiada siapa boleh mendapatkan akses kepadanya.

Bagaimanapun, anda perlu menyimpan kunci peribadi di tempat yang selamat kerana anda akan menggunakan kunci ini untuk menandatangani atau melakukan sebarang tindakan pada rangkaian. Sebaliknya, pengguna lain akan menggunakan kunci awam anda untuk mencari anda pada sistem.

Sebagai contoh, bayangkan kunci awam anda sebagai akaun bank anda dan kunci peribadi sebagai tandatangan anda yang boleh anda gunakan untuk menghantar atau mengeluarkan wang. Itulah sebabnya penting bagi anda untuk menyimpan kunci dengan selamat yang mungkin.

Sebenarnya, jika sesiapa mendapat akses kepada kunci peribadi anda, mereka boleh menyalahgunakan semua aset anda pada rangkaian dengan mudah.

Bagaimana Blockchain Berfungsi: Prosesnya

Pertama, pengguna atau nod akan memulakan transaksi menandatanganinya dengan kunci peribadinya. Pada asasnya, kunci persendirian akan menjana tandatangan digital yang unik dan memastikan tiada sesiapa boleh mengubahnya. Pada hakikatnya, jika sesiapa cuba mengubah suai maklumat transaksi, tandatangan digital akan berubah secara drastik, dan tiada siapa yang akan dapat mengesahkannya. Oleh itu, ia akan ditolak.

Selepas itu, transaksi akan disiarkan ke nod pengesahan. Pada asasnya, di sini, platform blockchain boleh menggunakan kaedah yang berbeza untuk mengesahkan sama ada transaksi itu sah atau tidak. Terdapat kaedah atau algoritma dipanggil algoritma konsensus.

Bagaimanapun, setelah nod mengesahkan bahawa transaksi itu sahih, ia akan mendapat tempat dalam lejar. Selain itu, ia akan mengandungi cap masa dan ID unik untuk memastikannya lebih jauh daripada sebarang perubahan.

Blok itu kemudiannya akan memaut ke blok sebelumnya, dan kemudian blok baharu akan membentuk pautan dengan blok ini dan seterusnya. Dan dengan cara ini, ia mewujudkan rantaian blok, dengan itu dinamakan blockchain.

Sejauh Mana Keselamatan Teknologi?

Sekarang, anda tahu bagaimana blockchain berfungsi, tetapi adakah proses kerja cukup selamat untuk disepadukan ke dalam persekitaran perusahaan? Sudah tentu, tiada rangkaian di internet yang 'tidak boleh digodam.' Tetapi blockchain menawarkan tahap keselamatan tertinggi berbanding dengan mana-mana teknologi lain di luar sana.

Blockchain berfungsi dalam kaedah yang berbeza, bukan seperti sistem berpusat tradisional. Jadi, jika anda ingin menggodamnya, anda perlu menggodam semua peranti yang disambungkan kepadanya. Jelas sekali, ia adalah projek yang rugi dan agak rumit, dan itulah sebabnya ia selamat.

Pada hakikatnya, penggodam memerlukan sejumlah besar sumber untuk menggodam platform blockchain, yang akhirnya akan menjadi lebih mahal daripada keuntungan itu sendiri.

Bagaimana Konsensus Blockchain Berfungsi

Anda sudah tahu sekarang bahawa konsensus adalah kaedah untuk mencapai persetujuan. Pada asasnya, ini adalah satu bentuk bagaimana individu dalam rangkaian boleh mencapai resolusi walaupun minoriti mungkin tidak menyukainya.

Pada hakikatnya, konsensus adalah salah satu keutamaan teras blockchain kerana, tanpanya, beribu-ribu nod tidak akan dapat mencapai persetujuan. Model ini wujud untuk mewujudkan keadilan dan kesaksamaan di kalangan semua peserta.

Walau bagaimanapun, tiada satu cara untuk mencapai kata sepakat dalam sistem. Pada hakikatnya, terdapat banyak algoritma yang digunakan oleh pelbagai platform blockchain. Jelas sekali, setiap satu daripada mereka berfungsi secara berbeza dan datang dengan set kelemahannya sendiri.

Jadi, jika anda tertanya-tanya bagaimana konsensus blockchain berfungsi, anda perlu mengetahui tentang setiap satu daripada mereka secara berasingan untuk memahami.

Bukti Kerja

Ia adalah salah satu algoritma konsensus yang popular dan pertama yang diperkenalkan dalam rantaian blok. Di sini, nod dipanggil pelombong, dan mereka akan menyelesaikan isu matematik yang kompleks dengan bantuan daripada kuasa pengiraan peranti mereka untuk mengesahkan blok.

Bukti Kerja Tertunda

Di sini, beberapa nod notari akan menambah data dari satu platform blockchain ke platform lain dan menjamin kuasa pencincangan. Kedua-dua rangkaian blockchain mungkin menggunakan PoS atau PoW untuk mencapai konsensus.

Bukti Stake

Bukti pegangan membolehkan anda mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus dari segi jumlah syiling yang anda pertaruhkan dalam rangkaian. Jika anda mempunyai lebih banyak syiling, kemungkinan anda melombong blok akan meningkat.

Bukti Pertaruhan yang Diwakilkan

Dalam yang ini, terdapat konsep perwakilan dan saksi. Setiap nod dipilih menggunakan undian. Saksi di platform bertanggungjawab untuk mengesahkan transaksi. Sebaliknya, perwakilan boleh menukar parameter sistem. Bagaimanapun, semua nod yang mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus akan dibayar.

Bukti Pegangan Pajak

Dalam bukti pegangan pajakan, pekebun kecil boleh mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus. Oleh kerana PoS sebelumnya tidak membenarkan mereka mempertaruhkan syiling mereka dalam rangkaian, ia mewujudkan persekitaran yang tidak adil. Itulah sebabnya LPoS menawarkan lebih banyak tapak pameran.

Bukti Kelajuan Pancang

Bukti halaju pegangan menawarkan insentif tambahan untuk menghalang pengguna daripada mempertaruhkan ke dalam rangkaian. Di sini, anda boleh memperoleh lebih banyak jika anda mengekalkan dompet aktif. Ini bermakna pengguna yang tidak aktif agak kerap tidak akan mendapat bayaran tambahan untuk mengesahkan blok.

Bukti Masa Berlalu

Semua nod perlu menunggu untuk tempoh masa tertentu sebelum mereka boleh mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus. Had masa dipilih secara rawak. Oleh itu, anda hanya boleh membuat blok apabila anda menyelesaikan masa menunggu. Tiada cara untuk memintasnya, kerana sistem menjejaki jika nod menunggu atau tidak.

Toleransi Kesalahan Byzantine Praktikal

Toleransi Kesalahan Byzantine Praktikal menyingkirkan isu nod yang terjejas. Jadi, sebelum mana-mana nod boleh membahayakan rangkaian, ia menganggap kemungkinan kegagalan. Pada hakikatnya, sistem mendapat maklumat daripada nod lain sebaik sahaja nod dikompromi untuk mengetepikan nod tersebut.

Toleransi Kesalahan Byzantine yang Dipermudahkan

Di sini, urus niaga disahkan dalam satu kelompok. Lebih-lebih lagi, penjana blok mengumpul semua transaksi dan mengumpulkannya dengan sewajarnya dan kemudian memasukkannya ke dalam satu blok. Pengesah kemudiannya perlu mengesahkan keseluruhan blok untuk mengesahkan urus niaga.

Diwakilkan Toleransi Kesalahan Byzantine

Di sini, ketua nod dipanggil perwakilan, dan ia mempunyai kuasa terhad. Jika ketua cuba memanipulasi rangkaian, perwakilan lain akan menggantikan nod tersebut. Lebih-lebih lagi, nod lain boleh tidak bersetuju dengan perwakilan dan boleh menukar ketua mereka dengan sewajarnya.

Perjanjian Byzantine Bersekutu

Di sini, semua nod umum mendapatkan blockchain berasingan mereka sendiri untuk dijalankan. Dan sebelum mana-mana nod boleh meminta transaksi, nod itu perlu disahkan dan diketahui dari awal. Selain itu, di sini, nod boleh memilih siapa untuk dipercayai pada rangkaian.

Bukti Aktiviti

Ia adalah gabungan PoW dan PoS. Di sini, pelombong pralombong templat blok dan bukannya yang lengkap. Kemudian, pengesah mengesahkan blok yang tinggal. Pada hakikatnya, semakin banyak kepentingan yang dimiliki oleh pengesah dalam rangkaian, semakin sah pengesahannya.

Bukti Kewibawaan

Di sini, nod yang mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus akan mempertaruhkan reputasi mereka. Pada asasnya, nod yang mengesahkan dipilih berdasarkan identiti sebenar mereka. Selain itu, pengesah perlu melabur wang dan reputasi mereka untuk mendapatkan tempat mereka di platform.

Bukti Reputasi

Ia agak serupa dengan Bukti Kuasa; bagaimanapun, pengesah perlu mempunyai reputasi yang baik untuk mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus. Lebih-lebih lagi, jika mereka cuba menipu rangkaian, mereka akan menghadapi akibat yang teruk.

Bukti Sejarah

Di sini, sistem mencipta peristiwa penting pada rangkaian. Nod kemudiannya boleh mengesahkan transaksi berdasarkan sama ada transaksi itu berlaku sebelum atau selepas peristiwa itu.

Bukti Kepentingan

Di sini, blockchain berfungsi mengekalkan skor kepentingan. Lebih banyak syiling yang dimiliki pengguna, lebih tinggi markahnya. Setelah mereka layak untuk mengambil bahagian, mereka boleh menuai satu blok. Selain itu, jika anda menuai lebih banyak, markah kepentingan anda akan meningkat.

Bukti Kapasiti

Pengguna akan menggunakan kapasiti cakera keras mereka yang tersedia untuk memilih hak perlombongan dan bukannya menggunakan kuasa pengiraan. Jadi, lebih besar cakera keras anda, lebih banyak anda boleh mengesahkan blok.

Bukti Terbakar

Di sini, blockchain berfungsi dengan membakar syiling untuk memastikan rangkaian stabil. Jadi, pengguna akan menghantar beberapa syiling mereka ke alamat pemakan dan membakarnya supaya mereka boleh mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus.

Bukti Berat

Daripada hanya bergantung pada bilangan syiling yang anda pertaruhkan, sistem mempertaruhkan faktor lain untuk ditimbang. Jadi, walaupun anda mempunyai lebih sedikit syiling, anda masih boleh mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus.

Bolehkah Blockchain Berfungsi Tanpa Cryptocurrency?

Blockchain dikaitkan dengan mata wang kripto sebagai permulaan. Itulah sebabnya ramai di antara anda mungkin berfikir bahawa blockchain tidak boleh berfungsi tanpa cryptocurrency. Tetapi blockchain boleh berfungsi tanpa cryptocurrency.

Malah, sudah terdapat banyak platform yang tidak mempunyai sebarang token atau syiling asli. Banyak projek blockchain kini bergerak ke arah ekosistem token atau crypto less. Sebagai contoh, Hyperledger ialah platform blockchain perusahaan yang tidak mempunyai sebarang token asli untuk memacu rangkaian.

Token sebenarnya berbeza dengan ketara berdasarkan cara blockchain berfungsi.

Mata Wang Kripto Diramalkan Akan Gagal

Mata wang kripto kebanyakannya sesuai untuk platform awam kerana mereka memerlukan beberapa bentuk program insentif untuk memastikan pengguna mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus. Walau bagaimanapun, apabila ia berkaitan dengan platform perusahaan, mereka menggunakan platform yang dibenarkan atau persendirian.

Akibatnya, mereka tidak memerlukan syiling atau token untuk menggalakkan nod mengambil bahagian dalam konsensus. Lebih-lebih lagi, mata wang kripto sebenarnya agak tidak stabil untuk ekonomi. Pada hakikatnya, aset yang tidak menentu tidak sesuai untuk kes penggunaan kehidupan sebenar.

Selain itu, mempunyai token dalam sistem juga menarik penggodam. Itulah sebabnya pakar meramalkan bahawa mata wang kripto akan gagal tidak lama lagi. Jadi, agak logik untuk beralih kepada blockchain yang boleh berfungsi tanpa cryptocurrency.

Kerajaan atau sektor lain berminat untuk mengambil kesempatan daripada kes penggunaan asas teknologi, bukan seni bina berasaskan token. Mungkin mata wang kripto boleh muncul pada masa hadapan apabila dunia bersedia untuk sistem wang digital.

Tetapi pada masa ini, ia kelihatan seperti tidak mungkin. Oleh itu, untuk pelaksanaan blockchain anda, anda juga harus fokus pada blockchain yang boleh berfungsi tanpa cryptocurrency.

Saiz Lejar Blockchain: Masalah Besar

Walau bagaimanapun, blockchain tidak bebas daripada masalah. Pada mulanya, saiz blok blockchain tidaklah sebesar mana, kerana hanya sebilangan kecil rakan sebaya yang disambungkan ke rangkaian. Sebagai contoh, saiz blockchain bitcoin ialah 614 MB pada tahun 2012. Tetapi kini, saiz blockchain bitcoin GB telah berkembang dengan pesat kepada 250K MB. Itu kira-kira 250 GB data yang dibawa oleh setiap rakan sebaya/nod bersama mereka. Ini membawa kita kepada masalah saiz blockchain bitcoin.

Rangkaian blockchain lain juga mengalami masalah yang sama. Saiz blockchain Ethereum telah melepasi 1 TB.

Definisi saiz rantaian blok
Sumber imej: 101blockchains.com

Adakah Terdapat Had Saiz Blockchain?

Dalam dua tahun kebelakangan ini, saiz lejar blockchain bitcoin telah berkembang daripada 150 GB kepada 250 GB. Itu hampir 50 GB setahun. Menjelang 2030, kita boleh melihat saiz lejar rantaian blok melintasi lebih daripada 1 TB dengan mudah. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak setiap nod perlu memuat turun keseluruhan blok untuk menjadi berfungsi. Sesetengah peserta mengambil bahagian dalam rangkaian blockchain untuk membuat transaksi dan bukan untuk mengesahkannya.

Sesetengah nod dipanggil nod penuh. Nod penuh diperlukan bagi mereka yang bersedia untuk mengambil bahagian dalam pengesahan transaksi yang sedang berjalan. Ini bermakna mereka perlu memuat turun keseluruhan 250 GB data blockchain yang mengandungi pengepala blok dan transaksi.

Lebih-lebih lagi, had saiz blockchain bitcoin semasa ialah 1 MB. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa ruang dalam had ini tidak boleh digunakan. Jadi, anda perlu bekerja dengan had saiz blockchain bitcoin sama seperti sedia ada.

Masalah saiz lejar blockchain Ethereum adalah lebih sengit daripada bitcoin . Alistair Milne, pelabur bitcoin, menimbulkan penggera tentang bagaimana saiz lejar Ethereum berkembang berbanding bitcoin. Menurut gambar yang disiarkan olehnya, Ethereum berkembang 3x ganda daripada bitcoin.

Tetapi, itu mungkin tidak benar sepenuhnya kerana Ethereum juga menawarkan cara untuk bekerja dengan lejar. Ia menawarkan konsep yang dipanggil pemangkasan, yang membolehkan nod berfungsi tanpa perlu memuat turun data blockchain keseluruhan.

Adakah Saiz Blockchain Penting?

Ya, saiz lejar blockchain penting. Blockchain adalah teknologi yang agak baharu, dan ia hanya akan berkembang pada tahun-tahun akan datang. Bitcoin sebagai penyelesaian blockchain generasi pertama, tidak bebas daripada masalah. Ia mempunyai masalah kebolehskalaan dan saiz.

Dengan saiz blockchain yang semakin meningkat, kebolehskalaan juga menjadi masalah. Ia telah menjadi salah satu isu penting untuk bitcoin. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah buat sementara waktu, mereka melakukan garpu keras SegWit2x, yang berusaha untuk meningkatkan saiz blok (pada peringkat butiran) — menambah baik isu skala dan prestasi yang berkaitan dengan bitcoin.

Saiz lejar akan meningkat dengan cepat, dengan anggaran setiap 6.5 TB menjelang Jan 2023. Ia akan membawa keperluan untuk membeli ruang cakera yang lebih keras untuk menyertai rangkaian.

Walau bagaimanapun, mengikut undang-undang Moore, harga storan cakera keras akan berkurangan dengan masa, dan anda akan dapat membeli storan yang lebih murah. Masalah utama timbul apabila pertumbuhan saiz blockchain mengatasi kadar penyimpanan menjadi lebih murah.

Ia akan menyukarkan peminat untuk membawa kemahiran atau sumbangan mereka kepada rangkaian. Penyumbang perlu membelanjakan $1000 dolar untuk menjalankan nod mereka, yang mungkin tidak berbaloi.

Bagaimanakah Saiz Blockchain Besar Boleh Menjadi Isu?

Kita hidup dalam dunia yang berkembang pesat dalam transaksi. Setiap hari, terdapat pembayaran bukan tunai dalam berbilion-bilion. Pertumbuhan urus niaga adalah secara kuadratik. Walau bagaimanapun, dengan mata wang kripto seperti bitcoin, Ethereum, NEO, dsb., kami melihat perubahan dalam cara transaksi dijalankan melalui saluran bukan tradisional.

Pada masa ini, bitcoin tidak perlu mengambil kira banyak transaksi berbanding Visa atau bentuk transaksi lain. Tetapi, jika kita mengambil hipotesis di mana bitcoin digunakan untuk setiap transaksi di luar sana, ia boleh mengambil masa sehingga 2.4 terabait untuk setiap blok.

Selain itu, apatah lagi, blockchain mampu menjana satu blok setiap 10 minit. Ringkasnya, setiap 10 minit, 2.4 terabait data akan ditambah pada saiz blockchain. Dalam satu hari, 350 GB ditambah dalam satu hari dan 127 TB setiap tahun. Ini juga bermakna tiada had lejar.

Had isu membawa masalah baru. Nombor-nombor ini adalah kebimbangan sebenar. Selain itu, hakikat bahawa saiz blok akan meningkat secara eksponen, ia akan mengambil lebih banyak masa untuk pelombong menyelesaikan blok yang mengakibatkan transaksi yang lebih perlahan.

Sebaliknya, satu-satunya harapan kami ialah perkakasan murah dalam masa terdekat. Terabait storan tidak akan menjadi masalah, dan kuasa pemprosesan juga boleh berkembang secara eksponen, menjadikan pengesahan transaksi lebih mudah.

Bagaimanakah Ia Mempengaruhi Projek Berasaskan Blockchain?

Jadi, adakah masalah itu memberi kesan kepada pemula yang sedang membina aplikasi mereka di atas Ethereum dan bitcoin? Nah, ia bergantung pada bagaimana kedua-dua teknologi blockchain itu berkembang mengikut masa. Pada masa ini, syarikat permulaan tidak perlu bimbang tentang saiz.

Blockchain Ethereum sudah menawarkan pemangkasan, yang menghasilkan data blokchain yang lebih sedikit daripada yang diperlukan oleh nod penuh. Bitcoin, bagaimanapun, tidak menyokong pemangkasan lagi. Jika seseorang memangkas bitcoin, mereka akan kehilangan status nod penuh.

Saiz rantaian blok bukanlah masalah utama yang perlu diselesaikan. Malah, kebolehskalaan dan kelajuan transaksi yang menjadi tumpuan utama sekarang.

Jadi, apakah pendapat anda tentang saiz lejar blockchain, termasuk bitcoin dan Ethereum? Selain itu, terdapat banyak lagi projek blockchain yang memfokuskan pada penjimatan ruang dan menjadikannya seefisien mungkin. Jika anda hanya seorang pemula dan ingin mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang teknologi blockchain, kami mengesyorkan agar anda mendaftar dalam kursus blockchain percuma kami kerana ia memfokuskan pada konsep teras blockchain dengan lebih teliti.

Terima kasih kerana membaca!

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Devin Pinto

1606217442

Blockchain Certification | Blockchain Training Course | Blockchain Council

In all the market sectors, Blockchain technology has contributed to the redesign. The improvements that were once impossible have been pushed forward. Blockchain is one of the leading innovations with the ability to influence the various sectors of the industry. It also has the ability to be one of the career-influencing innovations at the same time. We have seen an increasing inclination towards the certification of the Blockchain in recent years, and there are obvious reasons behind it. Blockchain has everything to offer, from good packages to its universal application and futuristic development. Let’s address the reasons why one should go for Blockchain certification.

5 advantages of certification by Blockchain:

1. Lucrative packages- Everyone who completes their education or upskills themselves wants to end up with a good bundle, not only is one assured of a good learning experience with Blockchain, but the packages are drool-worthy at the same time. A Blockchain developer’s average salary varies between $150,000 and $175,000 per annum. Comparatively, a software developer gets a $137,000 per year salary. For a Blockchain developer, the San Francisco Bay area provides the highest bundle, amounting to $162,288 per annum. There’s no point arguing that learning about Blockchain is a smart decision with such lucrative packages.

2. Growing industry- When you select any qualification course, it becomes important that you choose a growing segment or industry that promises potential in the future. You should anticipate all of these with Blockchain. The size of the blockchain market is expected to rise from USD 3.0 billion in 2020 to USD 39.7 billion by 2025. This will see an incredible 67.3 percent CAGR between 2020-2025. To help business processes, several businesses are outsourcing Blockchain technologies. This clearly demonstrates that there will be higher demand in the future for Blockchain developers and certified Blockchain professionals.

3. Universal application- One of the major reasons for the success of Blockchain is that it has a global application. It is not sector-specific. Blockchain usage cases are discovered by almost all market segments. In addition, other innovations such as AI, big data, data science and much more are also supported by Blockchain. It becomes easier to get into a suitable industry once you know about Blockchain.

**4. Work protection-**Surely you would like to invest in an ability that ensures job security. You had the same chance for Blockchain. Since this is the technology of the future, understanding that Blockchain can keep up with futuristic developments will help in a successful and safe job.

**5.**After a certain point of your professional life, you are expected to learn about new abilities that can help enhance your skills. Upskilling is paramount. Upskilling oneself has become the need for the hour, and choosing a path that holds a lot of potential for the future is the best way to do this. For all computer geeks and others who want to gain awareness of emerging technology, Blockchain is a good option.

Concluding thoughts- opting for Blockchain certification is a successful career move with all these advantages. You will be able to find yourself in a safe and secured work profile once you have all the knowledge and information. Link for Blockchain certification programme with the Blockchain Council.

#blockchain certificate #blockchain training #blockchain certification #blockchain developers #blockchain #blockchain council

Winona Aufderhar

Winona Aufderhar

1598265735

5 Blockchain Applications That Have Transformed the World of Technology

The blockchain is the decentralized database of the blocks of information, which gets recorded in the chain format and linked in a secured crypto graphical manner. This technology ensures proper safety of the data due to its secure nature, and it totally changes how people carry out transactions. It also brings about a faster and secure process of validating information needed to establish reliability.

Though blockchain technology came into the market to carry out only digital transactions, it is now used in various industries like supply chain, finance, health care, and many more.

The blockchain technology has made its position in mobile app development as well. Blockchain applications are transparent and accountable. From getting easy access to medical records and buying insurance, you can see blockchain applications everywhere.

Here are some of the areas where you can see the use of blockchain applications and how they have changed various industries.

1. Ripple

Ripple is useful for increasing banking transactions. The implementation of blockchain technology in the financial sector is much more profound than any other sector. Ripple proves this. It is one of the greatest tools to record and complete financial transactions.

It develops a large network despite strict physical boundaries. As there is no such third-party involvement present, the cost of these transactions is lower than usual. At the same time, the network also remains transparent and quite secured.

It is normally seen that financial transactions that happen globally are

error-prone and take a lot of time. In addition to this, when the transaction

fees and exchange rates get added up, the total cost usually gets high.

However, Ripple offers real-time international transactions without spending too much money. It has the network of about 200+ institutions making the process affordable, secure, and fast for all sorts of international transactions.

2. Etherisc

This blockchain application helps in automating flight insurance. Insurance is another area where blockchain is gaining popularity. Through this application, insurers can make smart contracts rather than getting involved in the traditional contracts that are usually complex. Etherisc is the blockchain application that helps customers buy flight insurance. If the flight gets canceled or delayed, they do not have to wait for months to get the payment back. This application ensures an on-time payout.

#blockchain #blockchain-technology #blockchain-development #blockchain-use-cases #blockchain-a #blockchain-technologies #technology #decentralization

Thandeka Abrahams

Thandeka Abrahams

1646737200

A Collection About Awesome Blockchains

Mining Digital Gold one Block at a Time?! • Don't Expect to Get Insanely Rich (Quick) • Tulips :tulip::tulip::tulip: (like Blockchains) are Great and Gorgeous (and will Endure)

b0 = Block.first(
        { from: "Dutchgrown", to: "Vincent", what: "Tulip Bloemendaal Sunset", qty: 10 },
        { from: "Keukenhof",  to: "Anne",    what: "Tulip Semper Augustus",    qty: 7  } )

b1 = Block.next( b0,
        { from: "Flowers",    to: "Ruben",   what: "Tulip Admiral van Eijck",  qty: 5  },
        { from: "Vicent",     to: "Anne",    what: "Tulip Bloemendaal Sunset", qty: 3  },
        { from: "Anne",       to: "Julia",   what: "Tulip Semper Augustus",    qty: 1  },
        { from: "Julia",      to: "Luuk",    what: "Tulip Semper Augustus",    qty: 1  } )
...

(Source: blockchain_with_transactions.rb)

Awesome Blockchains

A collection about awesome blockchains - open distributed databases w/ crypto hashes incl. git ;-). Blockchains are the new tulips :tulip::tulip::tulip:.

Contents:

What's News?

For blockchain books, see the new Best of Crypto Books page »

The Open Blockchains Book of the Year 2020 Award Goes To...

Libra Shrugged: How Facebook Tried to Take Over the Money by David Gerard, November 2020, 182 Pages -- Introduction: Taking over the money ++ A user's guide to Libra ++ The genesis of Libra: Beller's blockchain ++ To launch a Libra: Let’s start a crypto ++ Bitcoin: why Libra is like this ++ The Libra White Papers ++ Banking the unbanked ++ The Libra Reserve plan and economic stability ++ Libra, privacy and your digital identity ++ The regulators recoil in horror ++ David Marcus before the US House and Senate ++ July to September 2019: Libra runs the gauntlet ++ October 2019: Libra's bad month ++ Mark Zuckerberg before the US House ++ November 2019: The comedown ++ Central bank digital currencies ++ Epilogue: Libra 2.0: not dead yet ++ Appendix: 2010–2013: The rise and fall of Facebook Credits

For more about Diem (formerly Libra), see the Awesome Diem (formerly Libra) and Move page »

For crypto quotes, see the new 100+ Best of Crypto Quotes - I HODL, you HODL, we HODL! - BREAKING: BITCOIN JUST BROKE $22 000! page »

The Best Crypto Quote "Oracle Saying" of the Year 2020 Award Goes To...

SEC Investor Education:

  • Don't understand an investment?
  • Don't invest in it.

Yes, but what if there's only 21 million of it?

- Trolly McTrollface

Frequently Asked Questions (F.A.Q.s) & Answers

Q: What's a Blockchain?

A: A blockchain is a distributed database with a list (that is, chain) of records (that is, blocks) linked and secured by digital fingerprints (that is, cryptho hashes). Example from blockchain.rb:

[#<Block:0x1eed2a0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 20:52:38,
  @data          = "Genesis",
  @previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  @hash          = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
 #<Block:0x1eec9a0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 21:02:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data...",
  @previous_hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b",
  @hash          = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743">,
 #<Block:0x1eec838
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 21:12:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data......",
  @previous_hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743",
  @hash          = "be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4">,
  ...

Q: What's a Hash? What's a (One-Way) Crypto(graphic) Hash Digest Checksum?

A: A hash e.g. eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743 is a small digest checksum calculated with a one-way crypto(graphic) hash digest checksum function e.g. SHA256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256 Bits) from the data. Example from blockchain.rb:

def calc_hash
  sha = Digest::SHA256.new
  sha.update( @timestamp.to_s + @previous_hash + @data )
  sha.hexdigest   ## returns "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743"
end

A blockchain uses

  • the block timestamp (e.g. 1637-09-15 20:52:38) and
  • the hash from the previous block (e.g. edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b) and finally
  • the block data (e.g. Transaction Data...)

to calculate the new hash digest checksum, that is, the hash e.g. be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4.

Q: What's a Merkle Tree?

A: A Merkle tree is a hash tree named after Ralph Merkle who patented the concept in 1979 (the patent expired in 2002). A hash tree is a generalization of hash lists or hash chains where every leaf node (in the tree) is labelled with a data block and every non-leaf node (in the tree) is labelled with the crypto(graphic) hash of the labels of its child nodes. For more see the Merkle tree Wikipedia Article.

Note: By adding crypto(graphic) hash functions you can "merkelize" any data structure.

Q: What's a Merkelized DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph)?

A: It's a blockchain secured by crypto(graphic) hashes that uses a directed acyclic graph data structure (instead of linear "classic" linked list).

Note: Git uses merkelized dag (directed acyclic graph)s for its blockchains.

Q: Is the Git Repo a Blockchain?

A: Yes, every branch in the git repo is a blockchain. The "classic" Satoshi-blockchain is like a git repo with a single master branch (only).

Do-It-Yourself (DIY) - Build Your Own Blockchain

Python • Ruby • JavaScript • Java • Go

Python

Let's Build the Tiniest Blockchain in Python Series by Gerald Nash

Build Your Own Blockchain: A Python Tutorial by Eric Munsing, March 2017, (Source)

Learn Blockchains by Building One (in Python) by Daniel van Flymen, September 2017, (Source) -- The fastest way to learn how Blockchains work is to build one

Build Your Own Blockchain (in Python 3) Series by Jack Schultz, (Source)

A Practical Introduction to Blockchain with Python by Adil Moujahid, March 2018, (Source)

Ruby

How Does Bitcoin Force Consensus Among Byzantine Generals? by Fabio Akita, November 2017

blockchain-lite - Build your own blockchains with crypto hashes; revolutionize the world with blockchains, blockchains, blockchains one block at a time! by Gerald Bauer, Ruby Advent Calendar 2017 / Day 1, December 2017

merkletree library - Build Your Own Crypto Hash Trees; Grow Your Own Money on Trees by Gerald Bauer, Ruby Advent Calendar 2017 / Day 19, December 2017

centralbank command line tool (and library) - Print Your Own Money / Cryptocurrency; Run Your Own Federated Central Bank Nodes on the Blockchain Peer-to-Peer over HTTP by Gerald Bauer, Ruby Advent Calendar 2017 / Day 24, December 2017

A guide to building a blockchain & cryptocurrency from scratch (Source) by Antoine Fink, April 2021

Crystal

Write your own blockchain and Proof-of-Work (PoW) algorithm using Crystal by Bradford Lamson-Scribner, May 2018, (Source)

JavaScript

Writing a Tiny Blockchain in JavaScript by Xavier Decuyper, July 2017

Node.js Blockchain Imlementation: BrewChain: Chain+WebSockets+HTTP Server by Darren Beck, November 2017, (Source) -- Protecting the tea making ledger from unscrupulous colleagues

Build your own Blockchain in Javascript/Visualization of Blockchains by Nam Chu Hoai, January 2018

TypeScript

Naivecoin: a tutorial for building a cryptocurrency by Lauri Hartikka, (Source)

Java

Creating Your First Blockchain with Java, Part 1 by Kass, December 2017, (Source)

Kotlin

Let's implement a cryptocurrency in Kotlin by Vasily Fomin, July 2018, (Source)

SQL

Blockchain by Example in SQL Server by Benjamin Campbell, December 2017, (Source)

Rust

Building Blockchain in Rust Series by Jacob Lindahl, GeekLaunch, (Source), (Slide Decks in PDF)

Go

Building Blockchain in Go Series by Ivan Kuznetsov, (Source)

Blockchain Series in Go by by Coral Health (Source)

Talk Notes

More

See Build your own Blockchain / Cryptocurrency @ Build your own (insert technology here)

Samples

Blockchain from Scratch - Ruby Version

class Block

  attr_reader :timestamp
  attr_reader :data
  attr_reader :previous_hash
  attr_reader :hash

  def initialize(data, previous_hash)
    @timestamp     = Time.now
    @data          = data
    @previous_hash = previous_hash
    @hash          = calc_hash
  end

  def self.first( data="Genesis" )    # create genesis (big bang! first) block
    ## note: uses all zero for previous_hash ("0")
    Block.new( data, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" )
  end

  def self.next( previous, data="Transaction Data..." )
    Block.new( data, previous.hash )
  end

private

  def calc_hash
    sha = Digest::SHA256.new
    sha.update( @timestamp.to_s + @previous_hash + @data )
    sha.hexdigest
  end

end  # class Block


#####
## let's get started
##   build a blockchain a block at a time

b0 = Block.first( "Genesis" )
b1 = Block.next( b0, "Transaction Data..." )
b2 = Block.next( b1, "Transaction Data......" )
b3 = Block.next( b2, "More Transaction Data..." )

blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]

pp blockchain

(Source: blockchain.rb)

will pretty print (pp) something like:

[#<Block:0x1eed2a0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 20:52:38,
  @data          = "Genesis",
  @previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  @hash          = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
 #<Block:0x1eec9a0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 21:02:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data...",
  @previous_hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b",
  @hash          = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743">,
 #<Block:0x1eec838
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 21:12:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data......",
  @previous_hash = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743",
  @hash          = "be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4">,
 #<Block:0x1eec6d0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 21:22:38,
  @data          = "More Transaction Data...",
  @previous_hash = "be50017ee4bbcb33844b3dc2b7c4e476d46569b5df5762d14ceba9355f0a85f4",
  @hash          = "5ee2981606328abfe0c3b1171440f0df746c1e1f8b3b56c351727f7da7ae5d8d">]

Comments from the reddit ruby posting:

Wait, so a blockchain is just a linked list?

No. A linked list is only required to have a reference to the previous element, a block must have an identifier depending on the previous block's identifier, meaning that you cannot replace a block without recomputing every single block that comes after. In this implementation that happens as the previous digest is input in the calc_hash method.

What about Proof of Work / Waste?

Let's add a proof of work / waste to the blockchain. In the classic blockchain you have to compute a block hash that starts with leading zeros (00). The more leading zeros the harder (more difficult) to compute. Let's keep it easy to compute with two leading zeros (00), that is, 16^2 = 256 possibilites (^1,2). Three leading zeros (000) would be 16^3 = 4_096 possibilites and four zeros (0000) would be 16^4 = 65_536 and so on.

(^1): 16 possibilties because it's a hex or hexadecimal or base 16 number, that is, 0 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 a (10) b (11) c (12) d (13) e (14) f (15).

(^2): A random secure hash algorithm needs on average 256 tries (might be lets say 305 tries, for example, because it's NOT a perfect statistic distribution of possibilities).

Example:

def compute_hash_with_proof_of_work( difficulty="00" )
  nonce = 0
  loop do
    hash = calc_hash_with_nonce( nonce )
    if hash.start_with?( difficulty )  
      return [nonce,hash]     ## bingo! proof of work if hash starts with leading zeros (00)
    else
      nonce += 1              ## keep trying (and trying and trying)
    end
  end
end

def calc_hash_with_nonce( nonce=0 )
  sha = Digest::SHA256.new
  sha.update( nonce.to_s + @timestamp.to_s + @previous_hash + @data )
  sha.hexdigest
end

(Source: blockchain_with_proof_of_work.rb)

Let's rerun the sample with the proof of work machinery added. Now the sample will pretty print (pp) something like:

[#<Block:0x1e204f0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-20 20:13:38,
  @data          = "Genesis",
  @previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  @nonce         = 242,
  @hash          = "00b8e77e27378f9aa0afbcea3a2882bb62f6663771dee053364beb1887e18bcf">,
 #<Block:0x1e56e20
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-20 20:23:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data...",
  @previous_hash = "00b8e77e27378f9aa0afbcea3a2882bb62f6663771dee053364beb1887e18bcf",
  @nonce         = 46,
  @hash          = "00aae8d2e9387e13c71b33f8cd205d336ac250d2828011f5970062912985a9af">,
 #<Block:0x1e2bd58
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-20 20:33:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data......",
  @previous_hash = "00aae8d2e9387e13c71b33f8cd205d336ac250d2828011f5970062912985a9af",
  @nonce         = 350,
  @hash          = "00ea45e0f4683c3bec4364f349ee2b6816be0c9fd95cfd5ffcc6ed572c62f190">,
 #<Block:0x1fa8338
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-20 20:43:38,
  @data          = "More Transaction Data...",
  @previous_hash = "00ea45e0f4683c3bec4364f349ee2b6816be0c9fd95cfd5ffcc6ed572c62f190",
  @nonce         = 59,
  @hash          = "00436f0fca677652963e904ce4c624606a255946b921132d5b1f70f7d86c4ab8">]

See the difference? All hashes now start with leading zeros (00) and the nonce is the random "lucky number" that makes it happen. That's the magic behind the proof of work.

Blockchain from Scratch - JavaScript Version

class Block {

  constructor(data, previousHash) {
    this.timestamp    = new Date()
    this.data         = data
    this.previousHash = previousHash
    this.hash         = this.calcHash()
  }

  calcHash() {
    var sha = SHA256.create()
    sha.update( this.timestamp.toString() + this.previousHash + this.data )
    return sha.hex()
  }

  static first( data="Genesis" ) {    // create genesis (big bang! first) block
    // uses all-zero previousHash
    return new Block( data, "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" )
  }

  static next( previous, data="Transaction Data..." ) {
    return new Block( data, previous.hash )
  }
}


//////
// let's get started
//   build a blockchain a block at a time

b0 = Block.first( "Genesis" )
b1 = Block.next( b0, "Transaction Data..." )
b2 = Block.next( b1, "Transaction Data......" )
b3 = Block.next( b2, "More Transaction Data..." )


blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]

console.log( blockchain )

(Source: blockchain.js)

will log something like:

[ Block {
     timestamp    : 1637-09-18 08:25:54,
     data         : 'Genesis',
     previousHash : '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
     hash         : 'c396de4c03ddb5275661982adc75ce5fc5905d2a2457d1266c74436c1f3c50f1' },
   Block {
     timestamp    : 1637-09-18 08:35:54,
     data         : 'Transaction Data...',
     previousHash : 'c396de4c03ddb5275661982adc75ce5fc5905d2a2457d1266c74436c1f3c50f1',
     hash         : '493131e09c069645c82795c96e4715cea0f5558be514b5096d853a5b9899154a' },
   Block {
     timestamp    : 1637-09-18 08:45:54,
     data         : 'Transaction Data......',
     previousHash : '493131e09c069645c82795c96e4715cea0f5558be514b5096d853a5b9899154a',
     hash         : '97aa3cb5052615d60ff8e6b41bef606562588c4874f011970ac2f218e2f0f4a8' },
   Block {
     timestamp    : 1637-09-18 08:55:54,
     data         : 'More Transaction Data...',
     previousHash : '97aa3cb5052615d60ff8e6b41bef606562588c4874f011970ac2f218e2f0f4a8',
     hash         : 'e10e020f832e46c2b60e1c3c0412bd370b2fde5f0f782c16eb87d0313ea0d3a3' } ]

Blockchain Articles

Reflections on the Blockchain by Rufus Pollock (Open Knowledge Foundation), July 2016 -- The DAO: Code is not Law – and It’s Dangerous to Think So ++ The Internet changed the world - surely the Blockchain will too? ++ Gold-rush or Internet-rush? ++ Governance Matters in Bitcoin ++ The Myth of a Costless, Ownerless Network ++ Lessons from History

On the Dangers of a Blockchain Monoculture by Tony Arcieri, January 2016 -- The Bitcoin blockchain: the world's worst database ++ Next-generation protocols ++ Decentralized ledger protocols ++ Bitcoin-NG ++ Blockchain! Blockchain! Blockchain! ++ The great decentralized database in the sky

I Don’t Believe in Blockchain by Tim Bray, May 2017

Minimum Viable Blockchain by Ilya Grigorik, May 2014 -- Securing transactions with triple-entry bookkeeping ++ Securing transactions with PKI ++ Balance = Σ(receipts) ++ Multi-party transfers & verification ++ Double-spending and distributed consensus - Requirements for a distributed consensus network; Protecting the network from Sybil attacks; Proof-of-work as a participation requirement ++ Building the minimum viable blockchain - Adding "blocks" & transaction fee incentives; Racing to claim the transaction fees; Resolving chain conflicts; Blocks are never final ++ Properties of the (minimum viable) blockchain

Blockchains by analogies and applications: How blockchain compares to Git, Raft, and other technologies. by Kieren James-Lubin, January 2016 -- Blockchains are databases ++ Understanding transactions ++ Persistent, replicated databases (related technology: Git) ++ Peer-to-peer networks (related technology: BitTorrent) ++ Distributed consensus (related technology: distributed databases, Raft) ++ Minting new coins (mining) ++ Embedded identities (related technology: TLS) ++ Smart contracts: Like SQL expressions & triggers ++ What can we really do with blockchains?

Blockchain Books

Attack of the 50 Foot Blockchain: Bitcoin, Blockchain, Ethereum & Smart Contracts by David Gerard, London, 2017 -- What is a bitcoin? ++ The Bitcoin ideology ++ The incredible promises of Bitcoin! ++ Early Bitcoin: the rise to the first bubble ++ How Bitcoin mining centralised ++ Who is Satoshi Nakamoto? ++ Spending bitcoins in 2017 ++ Trading bitcoins in 2017: the second crypto bubble ++ Altcoins ++ Smart contracts, stupid humans ++ Business bafflegab, but on the Blockchain ++ Case study: Why you can’t put the music industry on a blockchain

Mastering Bitcoin - Programming the Open Blockchain 2nd Edition, by Andreas M. Antonopoulos, 2017 - FREE (Online Source Version) -- What Is Bitcoin? ++ How Bitcoin Works ++ Bitcoin Core: The Reference Implementation ++ Keys, Addresses ++ Wallets ++ Transactions ++ Advanced Transactions and Scripting ++ The Bitcoin Network ++ The Blockchain ++ Mining and Consensus ++ Bitcoin Security ++ Blockchain Applications

BEWARE: Bitcoin is a gigantic ponzi scheme¹. To the moon!? The new gold standard!? Do NOT "invest" trying to get-rich-quick HODLing. Why not? The bitcoin code is archaic and out-of-date. Burn, baby, burn! Proof-of-work / waste is a global energy environmental disaster using 300 kW/h per bitcoin transaction (!) that's about 179 kilograms of CO₂ emissions². Programmable money (or the internet of value) for all future generations with (bitcoin) script without loops and jumps (gotos) and all "stateless"!? LOL.

¹: (Source: Best of Bitcoin Maximalist - Scammers, Morons, Clowns, Shills & BagHODLers - Inside The New New Crypto Ponzi Economics)

²: Assuming let's say 0.596 kilograms of CO₂ per kW/h (that's the energy efficiency in Germany) that's about 179 kilograms of CO₂ per bitcoin transaction (300 kW/h × 0.596 kg). For more insights see the Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index.

Programming Bitcoin from Scratch by Jimmy Song, 2019 - FREE (Online Source Version) -- Chapter 6 - Script - How Script Works • Example Operations • Parsing the Script Fields • Combining the Script Fields • Standard Scripts • p2pk • Problems with p2pk • Solving the Problems with p2pkh • Scripts Can Be Arbitrarily Constructed • Conclusion ++ Chapter 8 - Pay-to-Script Hash - Bare Multisig • Coding OP_CHECKMULTISIG • Problems with Bare Multisig • Pay-to-Script-Hash (p2sh) • Coding p2sh • Conclusion ++ Chapter 13 - Segregated Witness - Pay-to-Witness-Pubkey-Hash (p2wpkh) • p2wpkh Transactions • p2sh-p2wpkh • Coding p2wpkh and p2sh-p2wpkh • Pay-to-Witness-Script-Hash (p2wsh) • p2sh-p2wsh • Coding p2wsh and p2sh-p2wsh • Other Improvements • Conclusion

Programming Bitcoin Script Transaction (Crypto) Contracts Step-by-Step ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2019 - FREE (Online Version) -- Let's start with building your own bitcoin stack machine from zero / scratch and let's run your own bitcoin ops (operations)...

Programming Blockchains in Ruby from Scratch Step-by-Step Starting w/ Crypto Hashes... ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2018 - FREE (Online Version) -- (Crypto) Hash ++ (Crypto) Block ++ (Crypto) Block with Proof-of-Work ++ Blockchain! Blockchain! Blockchain! ++ Blockchain Broken? ++ Timestamping ++ Mining, Mining, Mining - What's Your Hash Rate? ++ Bitcoin, Bitcoin, Bitcoin ++ (Crypto) Block with Transactions (Tx)

Mastering Ethereum - Building Contract Services and Decentralized Apps on the Blockchain - by Andreas M. Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, 2018 - FREE (Online Source Version) What is Ethereum ++ Introduction ++ Ethereum Clients ++ Ethereum Testnets ++ Keys and Addresses ++ Wallets ++ Transactions ++ Contract Services ++ Tokens ++ Oracles ++ Accounting & Gas ++ EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) ++
Consensus ++
DevP2P (Peer-To-Peer) Protocol ++ Dev Tools and Frameworks ++ Decentralized Apps ++ Ethereum Standards (EIPs/ERCs)

Building Decentralized Apps on the Ethereum Blockchain by Roberto Infante, 2018 - FREE chapter 1 -- Understanding decentralized applications ++ The Ethereum blockchain ++ Building contract services in (JavaScript-like) Solidity ++ Running contract services on the Ethereum blockchain ++ Developing Ethereum Decentralized apps with Truffle ++ Best design and security practice

Programming Crypto Blockchain Contracts Step-by-Step Book / Guide ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2019 - FREE (Online Version) -- Let's Start with Ponzi & Pyramid Schemes. Run Your Own Lotteries, Gambling Casinos and more on the Blockchain World Computer...

Programming Cryptocurrencies and Blockchains in Ruby ( Beta / Rough Draft ) by Gerald Bauer et al, 2018 - FREE (Online Version) @ Yuki & Moto Press Bookshelf -- Digital $$$ Alchemy - What's a Blockchain? - How-To Turn Digital Bits Into $$$ or €€€? • Decentralize Payments. Decentralize Transactions. Decentralize Blockchains. • The Proof of the Pudding is ... The Bitcoin (BTC) Blockchain(s) ++ Building Blockchains from Scratch - A Blockchain in Ruby in 20 Lines! A Blockchain is a Data Structure • What about Proof-of-Work? What about Consensus? • Find the Lucky Number - Nonce == Number Used Once ++ Adding Transactions - The World's Worst Database - Bitcoin Blockchain Mining • Tulips on the Blockchain! Adding Transactions ++ Blockchain Lite - Basic Blocks • Proof-of-Work Blocks • Transactions ++ Merkle Tree - Build Your Own Crypto Hash Trees; Grow Your Own Money on Trees • What's a Merkle Tree? • Transactions ++ Central Bank - Run Your Own Federated Central Bank Nodes on the Blockchain Peer-to-Peer over HTTP • Inside Mining - Printing Cryptos, Cryptos, Cryptos on the Blockchain ++ Awesome Crypto ++ Case Studies - Dutch Gulden • Shilling • CryptoKitties (and CryptoCopycats)

Blockchain for Dummies, IBM Limited Edition by Manav Gupta, 2017 - FREE (Digital Download w/ Email) -- Grasping Blockchain Fundamentals ++ Taking a Look at How Blockchain Works ++ Propelling Business with Blockchains ++ Blockchain in Action: Use Cases ++ Hyperledger, a Linux Foundation Project ++ Ten Steps to Your First Blockchain application

Get Rich Quick "Business Blockchain" Bible - The Secrets of Free Easy Money, 2018 - FREE -- Step 1: Sell hot air. How? ++ Step 2: Pump up your tokens. How? ++ Step 3: Revolutionize the World. How?

Best of Bitcoin Maximalist - Scammers, Morons, Clowns, Shills & BagHODLers - Inside The New New Crypto Ponzi Economics by Trolly McTrollface, et al, 2018 - FREE

Crypto Facts - Decentralize Payments - Efficient, Low Cost, Fair, Clean - True or False? by Nouriel Roubini, David Gerard, et al, 2018 - FREE

Crypto is the Mother of All Scams and (Now Busted) Bubbles - While Blockchain Is The Most Over-Hyped Technology Ever, No Better than a Spreadsheet/Database by Nouriel Roubini, 2018 - FREE

IslandCoin White Paper - A Pen and Paper Cash System - How to Run a Blockchain on a Deserted Island by Tal Kol -- Motivation ++ Consensus ++ Transaction and Block Specification - Transaction format • Block format • Genesis block ++ References

Blockchain (Lite) Crypto Hash Libraries

Ruby • JavaScript

Ruby

blockchain.lite (github: openblockchains/blockchain.lite.rb, gem: blockchain-lite) - build your own blockchain with crypto hashes - revolutionize the world with blockchains, blockchains, blockchains one block at a time

require 'blockchain-lite'

b0 = Block.first( "Genesis" )
b1 = Block.next( b0, "Transaction Data..." )
b2 = Block.next( b1, "Transaction Data......" )
b3 = Block.next( b2, "More Transaction Data..." )

blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]

pp blockchain

will pretty print (pp) something like:

[#<Block:0x1eed2a0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 20:52:38,
  @data          = "Genesis",
  @previous_hash = "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  @hash          = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
 #<Block:0x1eec9a0
  @timestamp     = 1637-09-15 21:02:38,
  @data          = "Transaction Data...",
  @hash          = "eb8ecbf6d5870763ae246e37539d82e37052cb32f88bb8c59971f9978e437743",
  @previous_hash = "edbd4e11e69bc399a9ccd8faaea44fb27410fe8e3023bb9462450a0a9c4caa1b">,
  ...

JavaScript

blockchain.lite (github: openblockchains/blockchain.lite.js, npm: blockchain-lite) - build your own blockchain with crypto hashes - revolutionize the world with blockchains, blockchains, blockchains one block at a time

const Blocks = require( "blockchain-lite" )

// use basic block
let Block = Blocks.basic

let b0 = Block.first( 'Genesis' )
let b1 = Block.next( b0, 'Transaction Data...' )
let b2 = Block.next( b1, 'Transaction Data......' )
let b3 = Block.next( b2, 'More Transaction Data...' )

let blockchain = [b0, b1, b2, b3]

console.log( blockchain )

will log something like:

[ Block {
    timestamp:     2017-09-25 17:03:38,
    data:         'Genesis',
    previousHash: '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
    hash:         '08f4fa71628c5bc6b430228738bc8c41afaf508ece0b1cf9c9cac53d02e11829' },
  Block {
    timestamp:     2017-09-25 17:13:38,
    data:         'Transaction Data...',
    previousHash: '08f4fa71628c5bc6b430228738bc8c41afaf508ece0b1cf9c9cac53d02e11829',
    hash:         '740a4aeb3441484c96d1e7f63d31b716220ccee3b6fe94547cae2afbb6010626' },
  Block {
    timestamp:     2017-09-25 17:23:38,
    data:         'Transaction Data......',
    previousHash: '740a4aeb3441484c96d1e7f63d31b716220ccee3b6fe94547cae2afbb6010626',
    hash:         '28b6892a069e2ff7f1c3128ab495d7cd9b9b1636a51a7f69db93a14b1ee6b1a7' },
  Block {
    timestamp:     2017-09-25 17:33:38,
    data:         'More Transaction Data...',
    previousHash: '28b6892a069e2ff7f1c3128ab495d7cd9b9b1636a51a7f69db93a14b1ee6b1a7',
    hash:         '4cc0329b2c0cb32e0451fa3179bd944d4cd0fcf410939172f979e9fd2aa9f5f3' } ]

Git, Git, Git - The Stupid Content Tracker with Crypto Hashes

Everything is local. Distributed is the new centralized.

Quotes - Blockchains and Git

Yep, that's the joke. Nobody has been able to explain to me how the "blockchain" buzzword is significantly different to "git repo". -- Yaakov

But if you said "let's build a currency where all transactions are stored in a git repo" you wouldn't be taken seriously for even 24 hrs. -- Yaakov

Soon explaining git like "a git repo is like a blockchain with commits instead of blocks". -- Nicolás Berger

"A local branch is like a state channel. It can be pushed and merged into the master blockchain at any moment." -- Nicolás Berger

The #Blockchain has changed the world. Here I make the argument that the #Blockchain is just like #git. -- Jackson Kelley

git merge [-m REF] [-g BLOB] --push Merge and push all signed commits to the blockchain. -- Git Commands

Books

Learn Enough Git to Be Dangerous by Michael Hartl - FREE (Online Version) -- Getting started ++ Backing up and sharing ++ Intermediate workflow ++ Collaborating ++ Conclusion ++ Advanced setup

Pro Git by Scott Chacon and Ben Straub, 2nd Edition, 2014 - FREE (Online Version) -- Getting Started ++ Git Basics ++ Git Branching ++ Git on the Server ++ Distributed Git ++ GitHub ++ Git Tools ++ Customizing Git ++ Git and Other Systems ++ Git Internals ++ A1: Git in Other Environments ++ A2: Embedding Git in your Applications ++ A3: Git Commands

Git gets easier once you get the basic idea that branches are homeomorphic endofunctors mapping submanifolds of a Hilbert space. -- Anonymous

Open Distributed Databases on Git

football.db - open public domain football datasets (incl. clubs, national teams, leagues, match schedules, etc.)

world.db - open public domain world (country) datasets

beer.db - open public domain beer & brewery datasets

Add a beer transaction to the #blockchain on #git and win a free Wiener Lager beer! Cheers. Prost. -- Gerald Bauer @ Austria Codes

Open Distributed (Hyper) Ledger Books on Git

Shilling (or Schilling) - Shilling on the Blockchain! - Rock-Solid Alpine Dollar from Austria

Tulips - Tulips on the Blockchain! - Learn by Example from the Real World (Anno 1637) - Buy! Sell! Hold! Enjoy the Beauty of Admiral of Admirals, Semper Augustus, and More

Classic Tulip Mania

A period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for bulbs of the recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637.

Quotes - Blockchains are the next Internets / Tulips

People who compare digital tokens to tulips are essentially saying digital tokens are a bubble backed by nothing but pure hype and speculation.

What they fail to understand is that tulips come from dirt, not a blockchain.

And as we all know, blockchain is possibly the best technological innovation since the internet. It will have a tremendous impact on global business and society in general. -- TulipToken

Books

Tulipomania: The Story of the World's Most Coveted Flower & the Extraordinary Passions It Aroused by Mike Dash, 2001 -- A Mania for Tulips ++ The Valley of Tien Shan ++ Within the Abode of Bliss ++ Stranger from the East ++ Clusius ++ Leiden ++ An Adornment to the Cleavage ++ The Tulip in the Mirror ++ Florists ++ Boom ++ At the Sign of the Golden Grape ++ The Orphans of Wouter Winkel ++ Bust ++ Goddess of Whores ++ At the Court of the Tulip King ++ Late Flowering

Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age by Anne Goldgar, 2007 -- Something Strange ++ Art & Flowers ++ Bloemisten ++ Grieving Money ++ Bad Faith ++ Cabbage Fever ++ Glossary ++ A Note on Money

Breaking News: CryptoKitties (Yes, Cute Little Cartoon Cats) on the Blockchain!

Collectible. Breedable. Adorable.

Collect and breed digital cats. Start meow. Buy! Sell! Hold!

Learn more @ cryptokitties.co

Latest (and Greatest) Investment Opportunity!

Blockchain has unlocked the magic of digital scarcity, and combining that with the power of making the digital goods persistent gives them a potential value that is only limited by how much prestige a wealthy person might place on ownership of the item.

-- Justin Poirier‏

All I want for Christmas is a CryptoKitty.

-- Kayla Williams

I got a fever. And the only prescription is more CryptoKitties.

-- Eduardo Salazar

My Gen 7 CryptoKitty #104375. The Future is Meow.

-- Anshul Dhawan

  • Fabulous Persian Spock Gerbil Gold Cottoncandy - Extremely rare gen 5 swift virgin | 2.9 ETH
  • Rarity: 0.00264% Gen 5 JAGUAR FABULOUS GOLD DALI!! VIRGIN!
  • Rarity: 0.0015% Princess Bubblegum is now for sale! Gen 12 | Brisk | Virgin | Chartreux | Bubblegum | Otaku | Emeraldgreen | Saycheese | Mauveover | Spock - Starts ETH 20/Ends ETH 10
  • Gold ducat, Gen 5, Virgin, Swift. Very cheap
  • Cheap Gen 1 cute kittie with rare genes! Only 0.125 ETH
  • UNIQUE Virgin Peach Googly Gold Mauveover gen:2 cooldown:1 0.87992% RARE
  • SUPER CHEAP: Gerbil, Ragdoll, Scarlet, Chestnut, Cotton Candy!!! 0.02 ETH (~$14)
  • I'm giving away a Gen 1 FAST Gold for free...

-- CrypoKittiesMarket

Awesome CryptoKitties (and CryptoCopycats)

A collection about Awesome CryptoKitties (Yes, Cute Little Cartoon Cats) on the Blockchain! and CryptoCopycats - digital collectibles secured on a distributed public databases w/ crypto hashes. Are CryptoPuppies the new CryptoKitties? Learn by Example from the Real World (Anno 2017) - Buy! Sell! Hodl!

More @ cryptocopycats/awesome-cryptokitties

Events, Meetups, Orgs

Revolutionize the world one country at a time. Blockchainers of the world, unite!

Awesome Awesomeness

A curated list of awesome lists.

  • Blockchain Stuff -- a curated list of blockchain and general cryptocurrency resources
  • Awesome Blockchain by Igor Barinov et al -- a curated list of the bitcoin blockchain services
  • Awesome Blockchain by Tim Reznich et al -- a curated list of blockchain services and exchanges
  • Awesome Blockchain by istinspring et al -- a curated list of awesome projects and services based on blockchain technology
  • Awesome Coins by Kenneth Reitz et al -- a guide to crypto-currencies and their algos
  • Awesome CryptoKitties (and CryptoCopycats) by Gerald Bauer et al -- a curated list about the awesome crypto kitties and copycats
  • Awesome Git by Dick Tang et al -- a curated list of amazingly awesome Git tools, resources and shiny things
  • Awesome by Sindre Sorhus et al -- a curated list of awesome lists

Author: openblockchains
Source Code: https://github.com/openblockchains/awesome-blockchains
License: CC0-1.0 License

#blockchain 

Devin Pinto

1606971339

Certified Blockchain Expert™ | Blockchain Certification | Blockchain Council

A multitude of use cases around the numerous industrial segments are now contained in the blockchain technology that once began as the underlying system for Bitcoin trading. One of the main impacts on the financial sector has been felt. Blockchain technology has been publicly adopted by businesses like JP Morgan. The financial sector is suffering from data protection problems, faster transactions, transparency and other bottlenecks that hamper the growth of businesses that rely on monetary transactions from banks and NBFCs. Blockchain could therefore be a possible solution here. Banks and financial sectors can easily solve the disadvantages that hold back the banks’ smooth functioning with Blockchain’s involvement.

Some of the biggest developments we have seen in the Blockchain sector are the development of Blockchain platforms such as Hyperledger Sawtooth, Hyperledger Fabric, Corda, etc This approved Blockchain not only ensures that the system operates efficiently, but also ensures that transactions take place at a faster rate. It actually helps the banking system work much better and in a more effective way.

How the financial sector is impacted by Blockchain:

1. Providing a safe platform-
The need for a secured platform is one of the greatest challenges facing most banking and financial institutions. As most of the transactions and other work have now been digitised, most banks and other allied companies are looking for a stable platform that is free of any mistakes or defects. In addition, there is also a high rise in the need for a network that can efficiently combat data breach problems, and so we have Blockchain. By time-stamping all information or data on it this DLT platform works. This guarantees full security. And with the introduction of approved Blockchain networks, the security feature is even more assured.

2. No third party- Time lag and paperwork are two weaknesses of the financial sector that appear to hold up the processes and ultimately influence the company’s efficiency as well. We can solve these problems with the assistance of Blockchain technology and thus ensure quicker transactions. Blockchain technology operates on peer-to-peer transactions, ensuring that for authentication and approval, there is no need to rely on a third party, which speeds up the transaction process.

3. Tracking and tracing- For banking firms, these features can be highly beneficial. Banks invest a large amount of money on authentication and verification, amid all the efforts of false identity cases, and fraud reports are growing, we can easily put an end to it with Blockchain. As data tracking and tracing becomes simpler and history can be easily traced back, compared to the traditional technologies that banks use, it becomes easier to rely on this platform.

These are the three big benefits that Blockchain can reap from the banking and financial field. Blockchain developers and Blockchain experts are in high demand because of this, and we will see an increase in this number in the times to come.

Conclusion- The Blockchain Council provides Blockchain with the best online certificate programme. This detailed curriculum will allow you to absorb all Blockchain-related knowledge while also learning how to incorporate it. Then what are you going to wait for? Register for today’s Blockchain certification.

#blockchain technology #blockchain development #blockchain expert #blockchain professional #blockchain developer

Ajay Kapoor

1623918965

Custom Blockchain Development & Outsourcing Company India

Being one of leading blockchain development companies in India, we have marked a niche by providing some successful Blockchain based software solutions on ethereum, hyperledger, Smart Contracts, and much more. You can leverage Blockchain technology to enhance data security, complete process automation, reduce data storage cost, eliminates duplication of data and reduce time,

We have industry best experts to provide you feature packed Blockchain development services catering to your business challanges. Get in touch now to explore the benefits of Blockchain for your business!

#blockchain-development-company-in-india #blockchain #blockchain-companies-india #blockchain-outsourcing-companies #blockchain-development-services #blockchain-development-company