How To Center Items in CSS Grid and Use Flexbox

Its scope is to show how we can center the contents in a grid cell and also how we can combine CSS grid with any other type of layout manager.

#css #cssgrid #flexbox

Comparing the best CSS grid generators

Grids, grids, grids. So many things we can do with them. But, so many properties we have to remember. 😅

If you are like me and you always have to resort to Google when using grids, the tricks we’ll cover in this guide will make your life as a developer much easier.

What are CSS grid generators?

A grid generator is a website you can use to generate a grid in a few clicks. But why should you care about them? In my case, I use them quite often when I want to design the layout of my websites or a complex responsive structure inside an interface. Grids are great because they help you achieve a lot with just a few CSS lines, which saves a lot of time.

In this article, we will compare the following CSS grid generators and list their pros and cons so that you can bookmark your favorite one:

CSS Grid Generator
CSS Layout Generator
Grid LayoutIt
Griddy
Cssgr.id
Angry Tools CSS Grid

Also, to save you time, I made a cheat sheet with the essential CSS grid properties you should remember. 🥳 This cheat sheet is available at the bottom of this article.

1. CSS Grid Generator

CSS Grid Generator

I put CSS Grid Generator first on my list because I use it the most. It is an open source project designed by Sarah Drasner (the code of the project is available here if you want to contribute).

To give you an example, I recently needed to generate a simple grid with two rows and three columns. I didn’t remember how to set a specific size for the row gap and the column gap. With CSS Grid Generator, I was able to easily create the structure I desired and move on to more complex tasks.

.parent { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr); grid-column-gap: 60px; grid-row-gap: 30px; }

The final grid looked like this:

Example Of CSS Grid Generator

Pros:

The interface is user-friendly and the colors are well-chosen, making CSS Grid Generator an excellent tool for beginners who want to become more familiar with CSS grids
CSS Grid Generator can help you get the result you want for most use cases because you can specify the number of columns, rows, and gaps across your grids
Just hit one button to preview the code and copy it to your clipboard

Cons:

There is no template you can choose to save you time
You will not be able to generate complicated layouts

2. CSS Layout Generator

CSS Layout Generator

I could have put CSS Layout Generator first on the list. If you are looking to generate complicated grids all the time, this is probably the one you should bookmark. Developed by Braid Design System, CSS Layout Generator offers a wide range of options that will solve most headaches.

In my daily work, I use CSS Layout Generator templates a lot because they conveniently allow you to choose between a structure with a sidebar/container or a header/main/footer.

<section class="layout">
  <!-- The left sidebar where you can put your navigation items etc. -->
  <div class="sidebar">1</div>

  <!-- The main content of your website -->
  <div class="body">2</div>
</section>

<style>
.layout {
  width: 1366px;
  height: 768px;
  display: grid;
  /* This is the most important part where we define the size of our sidebar and body  */
  grid:
    "sidebar body" 1fr
    / auto 1fr;
  gap: 8px;
}

.sidebar {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}

.body {
  grid-area: body;
}
</style>

The Sidebar option looks like this:

Example Of CSS Layout Generator

Pros:

CSS Layout Generator allows you to choose between six standard templates to get started faster
There are many options to solve nearly all use cases
You can switch between grids and Flexbox, which is helpful to compare both options
The interface is excellent and user-friendly

Cons:

Because it offers so many options, CSS Layout Generator can be confusing for a beginner

3. Grid LayoutIt

Grid LayoutIt

Grid LayoutIt was developed by Leniolabs and is another grid generator that comes with many options. The code is available publicly on GitHub if you are interested in contributing.

Last week, a customer asked me to design an interface to display important metrics about his product (somewhat similar to Geckoboard). The layout he wanted was very precise but, thanks to LayoutIt, I generated the code in a few seconds.

<div class="container">
  <div class="metric-1"></div>
  <div class="metric-2"></div>
  <div class="metrics-3"></div>
  <div class="metric-4"></div>
  <div class="metric-5"></div>
  <div class="metric-6"></div>
</div>

<style>
.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px 20px;
  grid-auto-flow: row;
  grid-template-areas:
    "metric-1 metric-1 metric-2"
    "metrics-3 metric-4 metric-2"
    "metric-5 metric-5 metric-6";
}
.metric-1 {
  grid-area: metric-1;
}
.metric-2 {
  grid-area: metric-2;
}
.metrics-3 {
  grid-area: metrics-3;
}
.metric-4 {
  grid-area: metric-4;
}
.metric-5 {
  grid-area: metric-5;
}
.metric-6 {
  grid-area: metric-6;
}
</style>

The resulting layout looked like this:

Example Of Grid LayoutIt

Pros:

Grid LayoutIt is intuitive to use and it provides many options
You can set your columns and your rows using pixels (px), fractionals (fr), and percentages (%)
Your layouts can be exported to CodePen, CodeSandbox, or StackBlitz in one click
The interface is well-designed, with a proper contrast between the options and the grid preview
Grid LayoutIt supports grid placement options

Cons:

This generator does not provide templates to save you time, which is the main reason why I put it third on the list

4. Griddy

Griddy

In my past experience, I spent a lot of time using Griddy. It is a little less easy to use than the CSS grid made by Sarah Drasner, but it offers more options.

For example, it allows you to easily generate a four column grid with three rows:

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 2fr 100px 1fr;
  grid-column-gap: 10px
  grid-row-gap: 20px
  justify-items: stretch
  align-items: stretch
}

The resulting layout looks like this:

Example Of Griddy

Pros:

You can set your columns and your rows using pixels (px), fractionals (fr), and percentages (%)
The provided options are enough to solve most use cases and test different alignments. In a nutshell, it gets the job done

Cons:

It may be a question of taste, but the sidebar with the options is not the best interface for me. You have to scroll for a while to get what you are looking for
There are no templates to choose from
There is no minmax() function

5. Cssgr.id

CSS Grid

Cssgr.id is another great choice if you are looking for a grid generator that does not have too many options but enough to solve most use cases.

I used Cssgr.id last year to create a gallery because I remembered that it had a gallery template. In a few clicks, I was able to get something quite close to what I needed.

<div class="grid">
  <!-- This item will take 3 columns and 2 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-3 span-row-2">Item 1</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 2</div>
  <div class="span-row-2">Item 3</div>
  <div class="span-row-3">Item 4</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 5</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 6</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 7</div>

  <!-- This item will take 3 columns and 2 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-3 span-row-2">Item 8</div>

  <!-- This item will take 2 columns and 3 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-2 span-row-2">Item 9</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 10</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 11</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 12</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 13</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 14</div>
</div>

<style>
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
}

/* Items with this class will take 3 columns */
.span-col-3 {
  grid-column: span 3 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 2 columns */
.span-col-2 {
  grid-column: span 2 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 2 rows */
.span-row-2 {
  grid-row: span 2 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 3 rows */
.span-row-3 {
  grid-row: span 3 / auto;
}
</style>

The gallery looked like this:

Example Of CSSGrid

Pros:

Cssgr.id comes with five practical starter layouts to choose from (3×3, football formation, header/footer, gallery, and generic website)
You can add placeholder text to see how it renders with some written content
It has a well-designed interface that can be easily configured

Cons:

It is not the grid generator with the most options

6. Angry Tools CSS Grid

Angry Tools CSS Grid

Angry Tools CSS Grid is the last CSS grid generator on our list. It can be handy, though probably less user-friendly than the other tools highlighted in this guide.

Angry Tools CSS Grid is also useful when generating galleries. By clicking on the squares, you can define their sizes and their directions (horizontally or vertically).

<div class="angry-grid">
  <div id="item-0">Item 0</div>
  <div id="item-1">Item 1</div>
  <div id="item-2">Item 2</div>
  <div id="item-3">Item 3</div>
  <div id="item-4">Item 4</div>
  <div id="item-5">Item 5</div>
  <div id="item-6">Item 6</div>
  <div id="item-7">Item 7</div>
  <div id="item-8">Item 8</div>
  <div id="item-9">Item 9</div>
</div>

<style>
.angry-grid {
  display: grid;
  /* Our grid will be displayed using 3 rows */
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  /* Our grid will be displayed using 4 columns */
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  /* You can define a gap between your columns and your rows if you need to */
  gap: 0px;
  height: 100%;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 4 and end at row 2 and column 5 */
#item-0 {
  background-color: #8bf7ba;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 5;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 3 and end at row 3 and column 5 */
#item-1 {
  background-color: #bf9aa7;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 5;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 2 and end at row 3 and column 3 */
#item-2 {
  background-color: #c7656e;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 2;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 1 and end at row 2 and column 3 */
#item-3 {
  background-color: #b659df;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 1 and end at row 4 and column 3 */
#item-4 {
  background-color: #be6b5e;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 4 and end at row 4 and column 6 */
#item-5 {
  background-color: #5bb9d7;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 6;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 5 and end at row 3 and column 6 */
#item-6 {
  background-color: #56adba;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 5;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 6;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 3 and end at row 2 and column 4 */
#item-7 {
  background-color: #9cab58;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 4;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 3 and end at row 4 and column 4 */
#item-8 {
  background-color: #8558ad;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 4;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 1 and end at row 3 and column 2 */
#item-9 {
  background-color: #96b576;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 2;
}
</style>

The resulting gallery looks like this:

Example Of Angry Tools

Pros:

Angry Tools CSS Grid comes with some templates you can choose from

Cons:

It does not have the best design overall. To be honest, it is quite ugly and can be hard to use
I would not recommend this tool for beginners. Advanced developers should also probably choose either CSS Layout Generator or Grid LayoutIt instead
You have to scroll to get the CSS outputs

BONUS: CSS grid cheat sheet

CSS grid generators are great when you are not familiar with CSS properties. But, as you become a more advanced developer, you may find that a quick cheat sheet is probably handier.

😇 If it can help you, here is the one I have made for myself:

`gap`	Sets the gap size between the rows and columns. It is a shorthand for the following properties: `row-gap` and `column-gap`
`row-gap`	Specifies the gap between the grid rows
`column-gap`	Specifies the gap between the columns
`grid`	A shorthand property for: `grid-template-rows`, `grid-template-columns`, `grid-template-areas`, `grid-auto-rows`, `grid-auto-columns`, `grid-auto-flow`
`grid-area`	Specifies a grid item’s size and location in a grid layout and is a shorthand property for the following properties: `grid-row-start`, `grid-column-start`, `grid-row-end`, `grid-column-end`
`grid-auto-columns`	Sets the size for the columns in a grid container
`grid-auto-flow`	Controls how auto-placed items get inserted in the grid
`grid-auto-rows`	Sets the size for the rows in a grid container
`grid-column`	Specifies a grid item’s size and location in a grid layout and is a shorthand property for the following properties: `grid-column-start`, `grid-column-end`
`grid-column-end`	Defines how many columns an item will span or on which column-line the item will end
`grid-column-gap`	Defines the size of the gap between the columns in a grid layout
`grid-column-start`	Defines on which column-line the item will start
`grid-gap`	Defines the size of the gap between the rows and columns in a grid layout and is a shorthand property for the following properties: `grid-row-gap`, `grid-column-gap`
`grid-row`	Specifies a grid item’s size and location in a grid layout and is a shorthand property for the following properties: `grid-row-start`, `grid-row-end`
`grid-row-end`	Defines how many rows an item will span or on which row-line the item will end
`grid-row-gap`	Defines the size of the gap between the rows in a grid layout
`grid-row-start`	Defines on which row-line the item will start
`grid-template`	A shorthand property for the following properties: `grid-template-rows`, `grid-template-columns`, `grid-template-areas`
`grid-template-areas`	Specifies areas within the grid layout
`grid-template-columns`	Specifies the number (and the widths) of columns in a grid layout
`grid-template-rows`	Specifies the number (and the heights) of the rows in a grid layout

I hope this quick comparison of the best CSS grid generators helped you bookmark your favorite one.

Also, if I can give you a critical piece of advice when dealing with CSS grids: take your time. These generators are a great option because they can help you get the layouts you need step by step and avoid relying on a complicated solution.

Thank you for reading!

Source: https://blog.logrocket.com/comparing-best-css-grid-generators/

#css

Saul Alaniz

1647743100

Comparando Los Mejores Generadores De Grid CSS

Rejillas, rejillas, rejillas. Tantas cosas que podemos hacer con ellos. Pero, tantas propiedades que tenemos que recordar. 😅

Si eres como yo y siempre tienes que recurrir a Google cuando usas grillas, los trucos que veremos en esta guía te harán la vida mucho más fácil como desarrollador.

¿Qué son los generadores de grid CSS?

Un generador de cuadrículas es un sitio web que puede usar para generar una cuadrícula con unos pocos clics. Pero, ¿por qué deberías preocuparte por ellos? En mi caso, los uso con bastante frecuencia cuando quiero diseñar el diseño de mis sitios web o una estructura receptiva compleja dentro de una interfaz. Las cuadrículas son geniales porque te ayudan a lograr mucho con solo unas pocas líneas CSS, lo que ahorra mucho tiempo.

En este artículo, compararemos los siguientes generadores de grillas CSS y enumeraremos sus ventajas y desventajas para que pueda marcar su favorito:

Generador de cuadrícula CSS
Generador de diseño CSS
Diseño de cuadrícula
rejilla
cssgr.id
Cuadrícula CSS de Angry Tools

Además, para ahorrarle tiempo, hice una hoja de trucos con las propiedades esenciales de la cuadrícula CSS que debe recordar. 🥳 Esta hoja de trucos está disponible al final de este artículo.

1. Generador de cuadrícula CSS

Puse CSS Grid Generator primero en mi lista porque lo uso más. Es un proyecto de código abierto diseñado por Sarah Drasner (el código del proyecto está disponible aquí si quieres contribuir).

Para darte un ejemplo, hace poco necesitaba generar una cuadrícula simple con dos filas y tres columnas. No recordaba cómo establecer un tamaño específico para el espacio entre filas y entre columnas. Con CSS Grid Generator, pude crear fácilmente la estructura que deseaba y pasar a tareas más complejas.

.parent { pantalla: cuadrícula; cuadrícula-plantilla-columnas: repetir (3, 1fr); cuadrícula-plantilla-filas: repetir (2, 1fr); cuadrícula-columna-brecha: 60px; cuadrícula-fila-brecha: 30px; }

La cuadrícula final se veía así:

Ventajas:

La interfaz es fácil de usar y los colores están bien elegidos, lo que convierte a CSS Grid Generator en una excelente herramienta para los principiantes que desean familiarizarse más con las cuadrículas CSS.
CSS Grid Generator puede ayudarlo a obtener el resultado que desea para la mayoría de los casos de uso porque puede especificar la cantidad de columnas, filas y espacios en sus cuadrículas
Simplemente presione un botón para obtener una vista previa del código y copiarlo en su portapapeles

Contras:

No hay una plantilla que pueda elegir para ahorrarle tiempo
No podrás generar diseños complicados

2. Generador de diseño CSS

Podría haber puesto el Generador de diseño CSS primero en la lista. Si está buscando generar cuadrículas complicadas todo el tiempo, esta es probablemente la que debería marcar. Desarrollado por Braid Design System , CSS Layout Generator ofrece una amplia gama de opciones que resolverán la mayoría de los dolores de cabeza.

En mi trabajo diario, uso mucho las plantillas CSS Layout Generator porque te permiten elegir convenientemente entre una estructura con una barra lateral/contenedor o un encabezado/principal/pie de página.

<section class="layout">
  <!-- The left sidebar where you can put your navigation items etc. -->
  <div class="sidebar">1</div>

  <!-- The main content of your website -->
  <div class="body">2</div>
</section>

<style>
.layout {
  width: 1366px;
  height: 768px;
  display: grid;
  /* This is the most important part where we define the size of our sidebar and body  */
  grid:
    "sidebar body" 1fr
    / auto 1fr;
  gap: 8px;
}

.sidebar {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}

.body {
  grid-area: body;
}
</style>

La opción de la barra lateral se ve así:

Ventajas:

CSS Layout Generator le permite elegir entre seis plantillas estándar para comenzar más rápido
Hay muchas opciones para resolver casi todos los casos de uso
Puede cambiar entre cuadrículas y Flexbox, lo cual es útil para comparar ambas opciones
La interfaz es excelente y fácil de usar.

Contras:

Debido a que ofrece tantas opciones, CSS Layout Generator puede resultar confuso para un principiante.

3. Diseño de cuadrícula

Grid Layout fue desarrollado por Leniolabs y es otro generador de grillas que viene con muchas opciones. El código está disponible públicamente en GitHub si está interesado en contribuir .

La semana pasada, un cliente me pidió que diseñara una interfaz para mostrar métricas importantes sobre su producto (algo similar a Geckoboard ). El diseño que quería era muy preciso pero, gracias a LayoutIt, generé el código en unos segundos.

<div class="container">
  <div class="metric-1"></div>
  <div class="metric-2"></div>
  <div class="metrics-3"></div>
  <div class="metric-4"></div>
  <div class="metric-5"></div>
  <div class="metric-6"></div>
</div>

<style>
.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px 20px;
  grid-auto-flow: row;
  grid-template-areas:
    "metric-1 metric-1 metric-2"
    "metrics-3 metric-4 metric-2"
    "metric-5 metric-5 metric-6";
}
.metric-1 {
  grid-area: metric-1;
}
.metric-2 {
  grid-area: metric-2;
}
.metrics-3 {
  grid-area: metrics-3;
}
.metric-4 {
  grid-area: metric-4;
}
.metric-5 {
  grid-area: metric-5;
}
.metric-6 {
  grid-area: metric-6;
}
</style>

El diseño resultante se veía así:

Ventajas:

Grid Layout Es intuitivo de usar y ofrece muchas opciones
Puede configurar sus columnas y sus filas usando píxeles (px), fraccionarios (fr) y porcentajes (%)
Sus diseños se pueden exportar a CodePen, CodeSandbox o StackBlitz con un solo clic
La interfaz está bien diseñada, con un contraste adecuado entre las opciones y la vista previa de la cuadrícula.
Diseño de cuadrícula Admite opciones de ubicación de cuadrícula

Contras:

Este generador no proporciona plantillas para ahorrarle tiempo, que es la razón principal por la que lo puse tercero en la lista.

4. cuadrícula

En mi experiencia pasada, pasé mucho tiempo usando Griddy . Es un poco menos fácil de usar que la cuadrícula CSS creada por Sarah Drasner, pero ofrece más opciones.

Por ejemplo, le permite generar fácilmente una cuadrícula de cuatro columnas con tres filas:

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 2fr 100px 1fr;
  grid-column-gap: 10px
  grid-row-gap: 20px
  justify-items: stretch
  align-items: stretch
}

El diseño resultante se ve así:

Ventajas:

Puede configurar sus columnas y sus filas usando píxeles (px), fraccionarios (fr) y porcentajes (%)
Las opciones proporcionadas son suficientes para resolver la mayoría de los casos de uso y probar diferentes alineaciones. En pocas palabras, hace el trabajo

Contras:

Puede que sea una cuestión de gustos, pero la barra lateral con las opciones no es la mejor interfaz para mí. Tienes que desplazarte un rato para conseguir lo que buscas
No hay plantillas para elegir
no hay minmax()funcion

5. Cssgr.id

Cssgr.id es otra excelente opción si está buscando un generador de cuadrícula que no tenga demasiadas opciones pero sí las suficientes para resolver la mayoría de los casos de uso.

Usé Cssgr.id el año pasado para crear una galería porque recordé que tenía una plantilla de galería. Con unos pocos clics, pude obtener algo bastante parecido a lo que necesitaba.

<div class="grid">
  <!-- This item will take 3 columns and 2 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-3 span-row-2">Item 1</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 2</div>
  <div class="span-row-2">Item 3</div>
  <div class="span-row-3">Item 4</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 5</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 6</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 7</div>

  <!-- This item will take 3 columns and 2 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-3 span-row-2">Item 8</div>

  <!-- This item will take 2 columns and 3 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-2 span-row-2">Item 9</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 10</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 11</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 12</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 13</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 14</div>
</div>

<style>
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
}

/* Items with this class will take 3 columns */
.span-col-3 {
  grid-column: span 3 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 2 columns */
.span-col-2 {
  grid-column: span 2 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 2 rows */
.span-row-2 {
  grid-row: span 2 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 3 rows */
.span-row-3 {
  grid-row: span 3 / auto;
}
</style>

La galería quedó así:

Ventajas:

Cssgr.id viene con cinco diseños de inicio prácticos para elegir (3 × 3, formación de fútbol, encabezado/pie de página, galería y sitio web genérico)
Puede agregar texto de marcador de posición para ver cómo se representa con algún contenido escrito
Tiene una interfaz bien diseñada que se puede configurar fácilmente.

Contras:

No es el generador de grillas con más opciones

6. Cuadrícula CSS de Angry Tools

Angry Tools CSS Grid es el último generador de cuadrículas CSS de nuestra lista. Puede ser útil, aunque probablemente menos fácil de usar que las otras herramientas destacadas en esta guía.

Angry Tools CSS Grid también es útil para generar galerías. Al hacer clic en los cuadrados, puede definir sus tamaños y sus direcciones (horizontal o verticalmente).

<div class="angry-grid">
  <div id="item-0">Item 0</div>
  <div id="item-1">Item 1</div>
  <div id="item-2">Item 2</div>
  <div id="item-3">Item 3</div>
  <div id="item-4">Item 4</div>
  <div id="item-5">Item 5</div>
  <div id="item-6">Item 6</div>
  <div id="item-7">Item 7</div>
  <div id="item-8">Item 8</div>
  <div id="item-9">Item 9</div>
</div>

<style>
.angry-grid {
  display: grid;
  /* Our grid will be displayed using 3 rows */
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  /* Our grid will be displayed using 4 columns */
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  /* You can define a gap between your columns and your rows if you need to */
  gap: 0px;
  height: 100%;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 4 and end at row 2 and column 5 */
#item-0 {
  background-color: #8bf7ba;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 5;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 3 and end at row 3 and column 5 */
#item-1 {
  background-color: #bf9aa7;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 5;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 2 and end at row 3 and column 3 */
#item-2 {
  background-color: #c7656e;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 2;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 1 and end at row 2 and column 3 */
#item-3 {
  background-color: #b659df;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 1 and end at row 4 and column 3 */
#item-4 {
  background-color: #be6b5e;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 4 and end at row 4 and column 6 */
#item-5 {
  background-color: #5bb9d7;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 6;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 5 and end at row 3 and column 6 */
#item-6 {
  background-color: #56adba;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 5;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 6;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 3 and end at row 2 and column 4 */
#item-7 {
  background-color: #9cab58;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 4;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 3 and end at row 4 and column 4 */
#item-8 {
  background-color: #8558ad;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 4;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 1 and end at row 3 and column 2 */
#item-9 {
  background-color: #96b576;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 2;
}
</style>

La galería resultante se ve así:

Ventajas:

Angry Tools CSS Grid viene con algunas plantillas entre las que puede elegir

Contras:

No tiene el mejor diseño en general. Para ser honesto, es bastante feo y puede ser difícil de usar.
No recomendaría esta herramienta para principiantes. Los desarrolladores avanzados probablemente también deberían elegir CSS Layout Generator o Grid LayoutIt en su lugar
Tienes que desplazarte para obtener los resultados de CSS

BONIFICACIÓN: hoja de trucos de cuadrícula CSS

Los generadores de cuadrículas CSS son excelentes cuando no está familiarizado con las propiedades CSS. Pero, a medida que se convierte en un desarrollador más avanzado, es posible que una hoja de trucos rápidos sea probablemente más útil.

😇 Si te puede ayudar, aquí está el que he hecho para mí:

`gap`	Establece el tamaño del espacio entre las filas y las columnas. Es una forma abreviada de las siguientes propiedades: `row-gap`y`column-gap`
`row-gap`	Especifica el espacio entre las filas de la cuadrícula.
`column-gap`	Especifica el espacio entre las columnas.
`grid`	Una propiedad abreviada para: `grid-template-rows`, `grid-template-columns`, `grid-template-areas`, `grid-auto-rows`, `grid-auto-columns`,`grid-auto-flow`
`grid-area`	Especifica el tamaño y la ubicación de un elemento de cuadrícula en un diseño de cuadrícula y es una propiedad abreviada para las siguientes propiedades: `grid-row-start`, `grid-column-start`, `grid-row-end`,`grid-column-end`
`grid-auto-columns`	Establece el tamaño de las columnas en un contenedor de cuadrícula.
`grid-auto-flow`	Controla cómo se insertan en la cuadrícula los elementos colocados automáticamente
`grid-auto-rows`	Establece el tamaño de las filas en un contenedor de cuadrícula
`grid-column`	Especifica el tamaño y la ubicación de un elemento de cuadrícula en un diseño de cuadrícula y es una propiedad abreviada para las siguientes propiedades: `grid-column-start`,`grid-column-end`
`grid-column-end`	Define cuántas columnas abarcará un elemento o en qué línea de columna terminará el elemento
`grid-column-gap`	Define el tamaño del espacio entre las columnas en un diseño de cuadrícula
`grid-column-start`	Define en qué línea de columna comenzará el elemento
`grid-gap`	Define el tamaño del espacio entre filas y columnas en un diseño de cuadrícula y es una propiedad abreviada para las siguientes propiedades: `grid-row-gap`,`grid-column-gap`
`grid-row`	Especifica el tamaño y la ubicación de un elemento de cuadrícula en un diseño de cuadrícula y es una propiedad abreviada para las siguientes propiedades: `grid-row-start`,`grid-row-end`
`grid-row-end`	Define cuántas filas abarcará un elemento o en qué línea de fila terminará el elemento
`grid-row-gap`	Define el tamaño del espacio entre las filas en un diseño de cuadrícula
`grid-row-start`	Define en qué línea de fila comenzará el artículo
`grid-template`	Una propiedad abreviada para las siguientes propiedades: `grid-template-rows`, `grid-template-columns`,`grid-template-areas`
`grid-template-areas`	Especifica áreas dentro del diseño de cuadrícula.
`grid-template-columns`	Especifica el número (y el ancho) de las columnas en un diseño de cuadrícula
`grid-template-rows`	Especifica el número (y las alturas) de las filas en un diseño de cuadrícula

Espero que esta comparación rápida de los mejores generadores de grillas CSS te haya ayudado a marcar tu favorito.

Además, si puedo darte un consejo crítico cuando trabajes con grillas CSS: tómate tu tiempo. Estos generadores son una excelente opción porque pueden ayudarlo a obtener los diseños que necesita paso a paso y evitar depender de una solución complicada.

¡Gracias por leer!

Fuente: https://blog.logrocket.com/comparing-best-css-grid-generators/

#css

伊藤直子

1647732000

最高のCSSグリッドジェネレーターの比較

グリッド、グリッド、グリッド。それらを使ってできることはたくさんあります。しかし、覚えておかなければならない多くのプロパティ。😅

あなたが私のようで、グリッドを使用するときに常にGoogleに頼らなければならない場合、このガイドで説明するトリックは、開発者としてのあなたの生活をはるかに楽にします。

CSSグリッドジェネレーターとは何ですか？

グリッドジェネレーターは、数回クリックするだけでグリッドを生成するために使用できるWebサイトです。しかし、なぜあなたはそれらを気にする必要がありますか？私の場合、Webサイトのレイアウトや、インターフェイス内の複雑なレスポンシブ構造を設計するときに、これらを頻繁に使用します。グリッドは、わずか数行のCSSで多くのことを達成するのに役立ち、多くの時間を節約できるので素晴らしいです。

この記事では、次のCSSグリッドジェネレーターを比較し、それらの長所と短所を一覧表示して、お気に入りのものをブックマークできるようにします。

CSSグリッドジェネレーター
CSSレイアウトジェネレーター
グリッドLayoutIt
グリディ
Cssgr.id
AngryToolsCSSグリッド

また、時間を節約するために、覚えておく必要のある重要なCSSグリッドプロパティを使用してチートシートを作成しました。🥳このチートシートは、この記事の下部にあります。

1.CSSグリッドジェネレーター

CSSグリッドジェネレーターを最もよく使用するので、リストの最初に置きます。これはSarahDrasnerによって設計されたオープンソースプロジェクトです（プロジェクトのコードは、貢献したい場合はここから入手できます）。

例を挙げると、最近、2行3列の単純なグリッドを生成する必要がありました。行ギャップと列ギャップに特定のサイズを設定する方法を覚えていませんでした。CSS Grid Generatorを使用すると、必要な構造を簡単に作成して、より複雑なタスクに進むことができました。

.parent {表示：グリッド; grid-template-columns：repeat（3、1fr）; grid-template-rows：repeat（2、1fr）; grid-column-gap：60px; grid-row-gap：30px; }

最終的なグリッドは次のようになりました。

長所：

インターフェイスはユーザーフレンドリーで、色も適切に選択されているため、CSSグリッドジェネレーターはCSSグリッドに慣れたい初心者にとって優れたツールです。
CSSグリッドジェネレーターは、グリッド全体の列、行、およびギャップの数を指定できるため、ほとんどのユースケースで必要な結果を得るのに役立ちます。
ボタンを1つ押すだけで、コードをプレビューしてクリップボードにコピーできます

短所：

時間を節約するために選択できるテンプレートはありません
複雑なレイアウトを生成することはできません

2.CSSレイアウトジェネレーター

CSSレイアウトジェネレーターをリストの最初に置くこともできます。常に複雑なグリッドを生成する場合は、これをブックマークする必要があります。ブレードデザインシステムによって開発されたCSSレイアウトジェネレーターは、ほとんどの頭痛の種を解決する幅広いオプションを提供します。

私の日常業務では、CSSレイアウトジェネレーターテンプレートを頻繁に使用します。これは、サイドバー/コンテナーまたはヘッダー/メイン/フッターのある構造を便利に選択できるためです。

<section class="layout">
  <!-- The left sidebar where you can put your navigation items etc. -->
  <div class="sidebar">1</div>

  <!-- The main content of your website -->
  <div class="body">2</div>
</section>

<style>
.layout {
  width: 1366px;
  height: 768px;
  display: grid;
  /* This is the most important part where we define the size of our sidebar and body  */
  grid:
    "sidebar body" 1fr
    / auto 1fr;
  gap: 8px;
}

.sidebar {
  grid-area: sidebar;
}

.body {
  grid-area: body;
}
</style>

サイドバーオプションは次のようになります。

長所：

CSS Layout Generatorを使用すると、6つの標準テンプレートから選択してより早く開始できます
ほぼすべてのユースケースを解決するための多くのオプションがあります
グリッドとFlexboxを切り替えることができます。これは、両方のオプションを比較するのに役立ちます
インターフェースは素晴らしく、ユーザーフレンドリーです

短所：

それは非常に多くのオプションを提供するので、CSSレイアウトジェネレータは初心者にとって混乱する可能性があります

3.グリッドLayoutIt

グリッドレイアウトこれは Leniolabsによって開発されたもので、多くのオプションを備えたもう1つのグリッドジェネレーターです。貢献に興味がある場合は、コードをGitHubで公開しています。

先週、顧客から、製品に関する重要なメトリックを表示するためのインターフェイスを設計するように依頼されました（Geckoboardに多少似ています）。彼が望んでいたレイアウトは非常に正確でしたが、LayoutItのおかげで、数秒でコードを生成できました。

<div class="container">
  <div class="metric-1"></div>
  <div class="metric-2"></div>
  <div class="metrics-3"></div>
  <div class="metric-4"></div>
  <div class="metric-5"></div>
  <div class="metric-6"></div>
</div>

<style>
.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 20px 20px;
  grid-auto-flow: row;
  grid-template-areas:
    "metric-1 metric-1 metric-2"
    "metrics-3 metric-4 metric-2"
    "metric-5 metric-5 metric-6";
}
.metric-1 {
  grid-area: metric-1;
}
.metric-2 {
  grid-area: metric-2;
}
.metrics-3 {
  grid-area: metrics-3;
}
.metric-4 {
  grid-area: metric-4;
}
.metric-5 {
  grid-area: metric-5;
}
.metric-6 {
  grid-area: metric-6;
}
</style>

結果のレイアウトは次のようになります。

長所：

グリッドレイアウト直感的に使用でき、多くのオプションを提供します
ピクセル（px）、フラクショナル（fr）、およびパーセンテージ（％）を使用して、列と行を設定できます。
レイアウトは、ワンクリックでCodePen、CodeSandbox、またはStackBlitzにエクスポートできます
インターフェースは適切に設計されており、オプションとグリッドプレビューの間に適切なコントラストがあります。
グリッドレイアウトグリッド配置オプションをサポート

短所：

このジェネレーターは、時間を節約するためのテンプレートを提供していません。これが、リストの3番目に配置した主な理由です。

4.グリディ

私の過去の経験では、Griddyを使用して多くの時間を費やしました。Sarah Drasnerによって作成されたCSSグリッドよりも使いやすさは少し劣りますが、より多くのオプションが提供されます。

たとえば、次の3行の4列グリッドを簡単に生成できます。

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 300px 1fr 1fr;
  grid-template-rows: 2fr 100px 1fr;
  grid-column-gap: 10px
  grid-row-gap: 20px
  justify-items: stretch
  align-items: stretch
}

結果のレイアウトは次のようになります。

長所：

ピクセル（px）、フラクショナル（fr）、およびパーセンテージ（％）を使用して、列と行を設定できます。
提供されているオプションは、ほとんどのユースケースを解決し、さまざまな配置をテストするのに十分です。一言で言えば、それは仕事を成し遂げます

短所：

好みの問題かもしれませんが、オプション付きのサイドバーは私にとって最適なインターフェイスではありません。探しているものを取得するには、しばらくスクロールする必要があります
選択できるテンプレートはありません
minmax()機能はありません

5. Cssgr.id

Cssgr.idは、オプションが多すぎないが、ほとんどのユースケースを解決するのに十分なグリッドジェネレーターを探している場合のもう1つの優れた選択肢です。

ギャラリーテンプレートがあることを思い出したので、昨年Cssgr.idを使用してギャラリーを作成しました。数回クリックするだけで、必要なものに非常に近いものを得ることができました。

<div class="grid">
  <!-- This item will take 3 columns and 2 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-3 span-row-2">Item 1</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 2</div>
  <div class="span-row-2">Item 3</div>
  <div class="span-row-3">Item 4</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 5</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 6</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 7</div>

  <!-- This item will take 3 columns and 2 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-3 span-row-2">Item 8</div>

  <!-- This item will take 2 columns and 3 rows -->
  <div class="span-col-2 span-row-2">Item 9</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 10</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 11</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 12</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 13</div>

  <!-- This item will take 1 column and 1 row -->
  <div>Item 14</div>
</div>

<style>
.grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 10px;
}

/* Items with this class will take 3 columns */
.span-col-3 {
  grid-column: span 3 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 2 columns */
.span-col-2 {
  grid-column: span 2 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 2 rows */
.span-row-2 {
  grid-row: span 2 / auto;
}

/* Items with this class will take 3 rows */
.span-row-3 {
  grid-row: span 3 / auto;
}
</style>

ギャラリーは次のようになりました。

長所：

Cssgr.idには、5つの実用的なスターターレイアウト（3×3、サッカーフォーメーション、ヘッダー/フッター、ギャラリー、および一般的なWebサイト）から選択できます。
プレースホルダーテキストを追加して、書かれたコンテンツでどのようにレンダリングされるかを確認できます
簡単に設定できる適切に設計されたインターフェイスを備えています

短所：

ほとんどのオプションを備えたグリッドジェネレータではありません

6. AngryToolsCSSグリッド

Angry Tools CSSグリッドは、リストの最後のCSSグリッドジェネレーターです。このガイドで強調表示されている他のツールよりもユーザーフレンドリーではないかもしれませんが、便利な場合があります。

Angry Tools CSSグリッドは、ギャラリーを生成するときにも役立ちます。正方形をクリックすると、サイズと方向（水平または垂直）を定義できます。

<div class="angry-grid">
  <div id="item-0">Item 0</div>
  <div id="item-1">Item 1</div>
  <div id="item-2">Item 2</div>
  <div id="item-3">Item 3</div>
  <div id="item-4">Item 4</div>
  <div id="item-5">Item 5</div>
  <div id="item-6">Item 6</div>
  <div id="item-7">Item 7</div>
  <div id="item-8">Item 8</div>
  <div id="item-9">Item 9</div>
</div>

<style>
.angry-grid {
  display: grid;
  /* Our grid will be displayed using 3 rows */
  grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  /* Our grid will be displayed using 4 columns */
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  /* You can define a gap between your columns and your rows if you need to */
  gap: 0px;
  height: 100%;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 4 and end at row 2 and column 5 */
#item-0 {
  background-color: #8bf7ba;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 5;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 3 and end at row 3 and column 5 */
#item-1 {
  background-color: #bf9aa7;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 5;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 2 and end at row 3 and column 3 */
#item-2 {
  background-color: #c7656e;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 2;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 1 and end at row 2 and column 3 */
#item-3 {
  background-color: #b659df;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 1 and end at row 4 and column 3 */
#item-4 {
  background-color: #be6b5e;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 3;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 4 and end at row 4 and column 6 */
#item-5 {
  background-color: #5bb9d7;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 4;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 6;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 5 and end at row 3 and column 6 */
#item-6 {
  background-color: #56adba;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 5;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 6;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 1 and column 3 and end at row 2 and column 4 */
#item-7 {
  background-color: #9cab58;
  grid-row-start: 1;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 2;
  grid-column-end: 4;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 3 and column 3 and end at row 4 and column 4 */
#item-8 {
  background-color: #8558ad;
  grid-row-start: 3;
  grid-column-start: 3;
  grid-row-end: 4;
  grid-column-end: 4;
}

/* This grid item will start at row 2 and column 1 and end at row 3 and column 2 */
#item-9 {
  background-color: #96b576;
  grid-row-start: 2;
  grid-column-start: 1;
  grid-row-end: 3;
  grid-column-end: 2;
}
</style>

結果のギャラリーは次のようになります。

長所：

Angry Tools CSS Gridには、選択可能ないくつかのテンプレートが付属しています

短所：

全体的に最高のデザインではありません。正直なところ、それはかなり醜く、使いにくいことがあります
初心者にはお勧めしません。上級開発者は、おそらく代わりにCSSLayoutGeneratorまたはGridLayoutItのいずれかを選択する必要があります
CSS出力を取得するにはスクロールする必要があります

ボーナス：CSSグリッドチートシート

CSSグリッドジェネレーターは、CSSプロパティに慣れていない場合に最適です。ただし、より高度な開発者になると、簡単なチートシートの方がおそらく便利な場合があります。

😇それがあなたを助けることができるなら、これが私が自分のために作ったものです：

`gap`	行と列の間のギャップサイズを設定します。これは、次のプロパティの省略形です`row-gap`。`column-gap`
`row-gap`	グリッド行間のギャップを指定します
`column-gap`	列間のギャップを指定します
`grid`	`grid-template-rows`の省略`grid-template-columns`形プロパティ：`grid-template-areas`、、、、、、`grid-auto-rowsgrid-auto-columnsgrid-auto-flow`
`grid-area`	グリッドレイアウトでのグリッドアイテムのサイズと位置を指定します。これは、次のプロパティの省略形のプロパティです：`grid-row-start`、、、`grid-column-startgrid-row-endgrid-column-end`
`grid-auto-columns`	グリッドコンテナの列のサイズを設定します
`grid-auto-flow`	自動配置されたアイテムをグリッドに挿入する方法を制御します
`grid-auto-rows`	グリッドコンテナの行のサイズを設定します
`grid-column`	グリッドレイアウトでのグリッドアイテムのサイズと位置を指定します。これは、次のプロパティの省略形のプロパティです。`grid-column-start`、`grid-column-end`
`grid-column-end`	アイテムがまたがる列の数、またはアイテムが終了する列行を定義します
`grid-column-gap`	グリッドレイアウトの列間のギャップのサイズを定義します
`grid-column-start`	アイテムが開始する列行を定義します
`grid-gap`	グリッドレイアウトの行と列の間のギャップのサイズを定義し、次のプロパティの省略形のプロパティです。`grid-row-gap`、`grid-column-gap`
`grid-row`	グリッドレイアウトでのグリッドアイテムのサイズと位置を指定します。これは、次のプロパティの省略形のプロパティです。`grid-row-start`、`grid-row-end`
`grid-row-end`	アイテムがまたがる行数、またはアイテムが終了する行行を定義します
`grid-row-gap`	グリッドレイアウトの行間のギャップのサイズを定義します
`grid-row-start`	アイテムが開始する行行を定義します
`grid-template`	次のプロパティの省略形プロパティ：`grid-template-rows`、、`grid-template-columnsgrid-template-areas`
`grid-template-areas`	グリッドレイアウト内の領域を指定します
`grid-template-columns`	グリッドレイアウトの列の数（および幅）を指定します
`grid-template-rows`	グリッドレイアウトの行の数（および高さ）を指定します

最高のCSSグリッドジェネレーターのこの簡単な比較が、お気に入りのジェネレーターをブックマークするのに役立つことを願っています。

また、CSSグリッドを扱うときに重要なアドバイスを提供できる場合は、時間をかけてください。これらのジェネレーターは、必要なレイアウトを段階的に取得し、複雑なソリューションに依存することを回避するのに役立つため、優れたオプションです。

読んでくれてありがとう！

ソース：https ：//blog.logrocket.com/comparing-best-css-grid-generators/

#css

Chloe Butler

1667425440

Pdf2gerb: Perl Script Converts PDF Files to Gerber format

pdf2gerb

Perl script converts PDF files to Gerber format

Pdf2Gerb generates Gerber 274X photoplotting and Excellon drill files from PDFs of a PCB. Up to three PDFs are used: the top copper layer, the bottom copper layer (for 2-sided PCBs), and an optional silk screen layer. The PDFs can be created directly from any PDF drawing software, or a PDF print driver can be used to capture the Print output if the drawing software does not directly support output to PDF.

The general workflow is as follows:

Design the PCB using your favorite CAD or drawing software.
Print the top and bottom copper and top silk screen layers to a PDF file.
Run Pdf2Gerb on the PDFs to create Gerber and Excellon files.
Use a Gerber viewer to double-check the output against the original PCB design.
Make adjustments as needed.
Submit the files to a PCB manufacturer.

Please note that Pdf2Gerb does NOT perform DRC (Design Rule Checks), as these will vary according to individual PCB manufacturer conventions and capabilities. Also note that Pdf2Gerb is not perfect, so the output files must always be checked before submitting them. As of version 1.6, Pdf2Gerb supports most PCB elements, such as round and square pads, round holes, traces, SMD pads, ground planes, no-fill areas, and panelization. However, because it interprets the graphical output of a Print function, there are limitations in what it can recognize (or there may be bugs).

See docs/Pdf2Gerb.pdf for install/setup, config, usage, and other info.

pdf2gerb_cfg.pm

#Pdf2Gerb config settings:
#Put this file in same folder/directory as pdf2gerb.pl itself (global settings),
#or copy to another folder/directory with PDFs if you want PCB-specific settings.
#There is only one user of this file, so we don't need a custom package or namespace.
#NOTE: all constants defined in here will be added to main namespace.
#package pdf2gerb_cfg;

use strict; #trap undef vars (easier debug)
use warnings; #other useful info (easier debug)


##############################################################################################
#configurable settings:
#change values here instead of in main pfg2gerb.pl file

use constant WANT_COLORS => ($^O !~ m/Win/); #ANSI colors no worky on Windows? this must be set < first DebugPrint() call

#just a little warning; set realistic expectations:
#DebugPrint("${\(CYAN)}Pdf2Gerb.pl ${\(VERSION)}, $^O O/S\n${\(YELLOW)}${\(BOLD)}${\(ITALIC)}This is EXPERIMENTAL software.  \nGerber files MAY CONTAIN ERRORS.  Please CHECK them before fabrication!${\(RESET)}", 0); #if WANT_DEBUG

use constant METRIC => FALSE; #set to TRUE for metric units (only affect final numbers in output files, not internal arithmetic)
use constant APERTURE_LIMIT => 0; #34; #max #apertures to use; generate warnings if too many apertures are used (0 to not check)
use constant DRILL_FMT => '2.4'; #'2.3'; #'2.4' is the default for PCB fab; change to '2.3' for CNC

use constant WANT_DEBUG => 0; #10; #level of debug wanted; higher == more, lower == less, 0 == none
use constant GERBER_DEBUG => 0; #level of debug to include in Gerber file; DON'T USE FOR FABRICATION
use constant WANT_STREAMS => FALSE; #TRUE; #save decompressed streams to files (for debug)
use constant WANT_ALLINPUT => FALSE; #TRUE; #save entire input stream (for debug ONLY)

#DebugPrint(sprintf("${\(CYAN)}DEBUG: stdout %d, gerber %d, want streams? %d, all input? %d, O/S: $^O, Perl: $]${\(RESET)}\n", WANT_DEBUG, GERBER_DEBUG, WANT_STREAMS, WANT_ALLINPUT), 1);
#DebugPrint(sprintf("max int = %d, min int = %d\n", MAXINT, MININT), 1); 

#define standard trace and pad sizes to reduce scaling or PDF rendering errors:
#This avoids weird aperture settings and replaces them with more standardized values.
#(I'm not sure how photoplotters handle strange sizes).
#Fewer choices here gives more accurate mapping in the final Gerber files.
#units are in inches
use constant TOOL_SIZES => #add more as desired
(
#round or square pads (> 0) and drills (< 0):
    .010, -.001,  #tiny pads for SMD; dummy drill size (too small for practical use, but needed so StandardTool will use this entry)
    .031, -.014,  #used for vias
    .041, -.020,  #smallest non-filled plated hole
    .051, -.025,
    .056, -.029,  #useful for IC pins
    .070, -.033,
    .075, -.040,  #heavier leads
#    .090, -.043,  #NOTE: 600 dpi is not high enough resolution to reliably distinguish between .043" and .046", so choose 1 of the 2 here
    .100, -.046,
    .115, -.052,
    .130, -.061,
    .140, -.067,
    .150, -.079,
    .175, -.088,
    .190, -.093,
    .200, -.100,
    .220, -.110,
    .160, -.125,  #useful for mounting holes
#some additional pad sizes without holes (repeat a previous hole size if you just want the pad size):
    .090, -.040,  #want a .090 pad option, but use dummy hole size
    .065, -.040, #.065 x .065 rect pad
    .035, -.040, #.035 x .065 rect pad
#traces:
    .001,  #too thin for real traces; use only for board outlines
    .006,  #minimum real trace width; mainly used for text
    .008,  #mainly used for mid-sized text, not traces
    .010,  #minimum recommended trace width for low-current signals
    .012,
    .015,  #moderate low-voltage current
    .020,  #heavier trace for power, ground (even if a lighter one is adequate)
    .025,
    .030,  #heavy-current traces; be careful with these ones!
    .040,
    .050,
    .060,
    .080,
    .100,
    .120,
);
#Areas larger than the values below will be filled with parallel lines:
#This cuts down on the number of aperture sizes used.
#Set to 0 to always use an aperture or drill, regardless of size.
use constant { MAX_APERTURE => max((TOOL_SIZES)) + .004, MAX_DRILL => -min((TOOL_SIZES)) + .004 }; #max aperture and drill sizes (plus a little tolerance)
#DebugPrint(sprintf("using %d standard tool sizes: %s, max aper %.3f, max drill %.3f\n", scalar((TOOL_SIZES)), join(", ", (TOOL_SIZES)), MAX_APERTURE, MAX_DRILL), 1);

#NOTE: Compare the PDF to the original CAD file to check the accuracy of the PDF rendering and parsing!
#for example, the CAD software I used generated the following circles for holes:
#CAD hole size:   parsed PDF diameter:      error:
#  .014                .016                +.002
#  .020                .02267              +.00267
#  .025                .026                +.001
#  .029                .03167              +.00267
#  .033                .036                +.003
#  .040                .04267              +.00267
#This was usually ~ .002" - .003" too big compared to the hole as displayed in the CAD software.
#To compensate for PDF rendering errors (either during CAD Print function or PDF parsing logic), adjust the values below as needed.
#units are pixels; for example, a value of 2.4 at 600 dpi = .0004 inch, 2 at 600 dpi = .0033"
use constant
{
    HOLE_ADJUST => -0.004 * 600, #-2.6, #holes seemed to be slightly oversized (by .002" - .004"), so shrink them a little
    RNDPAD_ADJUST => -0.003 * 600, #-2, #-2.4, #round pads seemed to be slightly oversized, so shrink them a little
    SQRPAD_ADJUST => +0.001 * 600, #+.5, #square pads are sometimes too small by .00067, so bump them up a little
    RECTPAD_ADJUST => 0, #(pixels) rectangular pads seem to be okay? (not tested much)
    TRACE_ADJUST => 0, #(pixels) traces seemed to be okay?
    REDUCE_TOLERANCE => .001, #(inches) allow this much variation when reducing circles and rects
};

#Also, my CAD's Print function or the PDF print driver I used was a little off for circles, so define some additional adjustment values here:
#Values are added to X/Y coordinates; units are pixels; for example, a value of 1 at 600 dpi would be ~= .002 inch
use constant
{
    CIRCLE_ADJUST_MINX => 0,
    CIRCLE_ADJUST_MINY => -0.001 * 600, #-1, #circles were a little too high, so nudge them a little lower
    CIRCLE_ADJUST_MAXX => +0.001 * 600, #+1, #circles were a little too far to the left, so nudge them a little to the right
    CIRCLE_ADJUST_MAXY => 0,
    SUBST_CIRCLE_CLIPRECT => FALSE, #generate circle and substitute for clip rects (to compensate for the way some CAD software draws circles)
    WANT_CLIPRECT => TRUE, #FALSE, #AI doesn't need clip rect at all? should be on normally?
    RECT_COMPLETION => FALSE, #TRUE, #fill in 4th side of rect when 3 sides found
};

#allow .012 clearance around pads for solder mask:
#This value effectively adjusts pad sizes in the TOOL_SIZES list above (only for solder mask layers).
use constant SOLDER_MARGIN => +.012; #units are inches

#line join/cap styles:
use constant
{
    CAP_NONE => 0, #butt (none); line is exact length
    CAP_ROUND => 1, #round cap/join; line overhangs by a semi-circle at either end
    CAP_SQUARE => 2, #square cap/join; line overhangs by a half square on either end
    CAP_OVERRIDE => FALSE, #cap style overrides drawing logic
};
    
#number of elements in each shape type:
use constant
{
    RECT_SHAPELEN => 6, #x0, y0, x1, y1, count, "rect" (start, end corners)
    LINE_SHAPELEN => 6, #x0, y0, x1, y1, count, "line" (line seg)
    CURVE_SHAPELEN => 10, #xstart, ystart, x0, y0, x1, y1, xend, yend, count, "curve" (bezier 2 points)
    CIRCLE_SHAPELEN => 5, #x, y, 5, count, "circle" (center + radius)
};
#const my %SHAPELEN =
#Readonly my %SHAPELEN =>
our %SHAPELEN =
(
    rect => RECT_SHAPELEN,
    line => LINE_SHAPELEN,
    curve => CURVE_SHAPELEN,
    circle => CIRCLE_SHAPELEN,
);

#panelization:
#This will repeat the entire body the number of times indicated along the X or Y axes (files grow accordingly).
#Display elements that overhang PCB boundary can be squashed or left as-is (typically text or other silk screen markings).
#Set "overhangs" TRUE to allow overhangs, FALSE to truncate them.
#xpad and ypad allow margins to be added around outer edge of panelized PCB.
use constant PANELIZE => {'x' => 1, 'y' => 1, 'xpad' => 0, 'ypad' => 0, 'overhangs' => TRUE}; #number of times to repeat in X and Y directions

# Set this to 1 if you need TurboCAD support.
#$turboCAD = FALSE; #is this still needed as an option?

#CIRCAD pad generation uses an appropriate aperture, then moves it (stroke) "a little" - we use this to find pads and distinguish them from PCB holes. 
use constant PAD_STROKE => 0.3; #0.0005 * 600; #units are pixels
#convert very short traces to pads or holes:
use constant TRACE_MINLEN => .001; #units are inches
#use constant ALWAYS_XY => TRUE; #FALSE; #force XY even if X or Y doesn't change; NOTE: needs to be TRUE for all pads to show in FlatCAM and ViewPlot
use constant REMOVE_POLARITY => FALSE; #TRUE; #set to remove subtractive (negative) polarity; NOTE: must be FALSE for ground planes

#PDF uses "points", each point = 1/72 inch
#combined with a PDF scale factor of .12, this gives 600 dpi resolution (1/72 * .12 = 600 dpi)
use constant INCHES_PER_POINT => 1/72; #0.0138888889; #multiply point-size by this to get inches

# The precision used when computing a bezier curve. Higher numbers are more precise but slower (and generate larger files).
#$bezierPrecision = 100;
use constant BEZIER_PRECISION => 36; #100; #use const; reduced for faster rendering (mainly used for silk screen and thermal pads)

# Ground planes and silk screen or larger copper rectangles or circles are filled line-by-line using this resolution.
use constant FILL_WIDTH => .01; #fill at most 0.01 inch at a time

# The max number of characters to read into memory
use constant MAX_BYTES => 10 * M; #bumped up to 10 MB, use const

use constant DUP_DRILL1 => TRUE; #FALSE; #kludge: ViewPlot doesn't load drill files that are too small so duplicate first tool

my $runtime = time(); #Time::HiRes::gettimeofday(); #measure my execution time

print STDERR "Loaded config settings from '${\(__FILE__)}'.\n";
1; #last value must be truthful to indicate successful load


#############################################################################################
#junk/experiment:

#use Package::Constants;
#use Exporter qw(import); #https://perldoc.perl.org/Exporter.html

#my $caller = "pdf2gerb::";

#sub cfg
#{
#    my $proto = shift;
#    my $class = ref($proto) || $proto;
#    my $settings =
#    {
#        $WANT_DEBUG => 990, #10; #level of debug wanted; higher == more, lower == less, 0 == none
#    };
#    bless($settings, $class);
#    return $settings;
#}

#use constant HELLO => "hi there2"; #"main::HELLO" => "hi there";
#use constant GOODBYE => 14; #"main::GOODBYE" => 12;

#print STDERR "read cfg file\n";

#our @EXPORT_OK = Package::Constants->list(__PACKAGE__); #https://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=1072691; NOTE: "_OK" skips short/common names

#print STDERR scalar(@EXPORT_OK) . " consts exported:\n";
#foreach(@EXPORT_OK) { print STDERR "$_\n"; }
#my $val = main::thing("xyz");
#print STDERR "caller gave me $val\n";
#foreach my $arg (@ARGV) { print STDERR "arg $arg\n"; }

Download Details:

Author: swannman
Source Code: https://github.com/swannman/pdf2gerb

License: GPL-3.0 license

#perl

Lawrence Lesch

1664370906

JavaScript, SCSS Helpers for Rendering High-resolution Image Variants

retina.js

JavaScript, Sass, Less, and Stylus helpers for rendering high-resolution image variants

retina.js makes it easy to serve high-resolution images to devices with displays that support them. You can prepare images for as many levels of pixel density as you want and let retina.js dynamically serve the right image to the user.

How it works

There are 4 ways to use retina.js:

Automatically swapping out src paths on img tags.
Automatically swapping out background image URLs in inline styles.
Manually specifying the location of a high-res image variant (works for src attributes and inline styles).
Automatically creating media queries for CSS background images.

Img Tags

retina.js assumes you are using Apple's prescribed high-resolution modifiers (@2x, @3x, etc) to denote high-res image variants on your server. It also assumes that if you have prepared a variant for a given high-res environment, that you have also prepared variants for each environment below it. For example, if you have prepared 3x variants, retina.js will assume that you have also prepared 2x variants.

With this in mind, you'll specify your highest environment level with the data-rjs attribute and let retina.js take it from there.

Let's say you have an image on your page that looks like this:

<img src="/images/my_image.png" data-rjs="3" />

In this case, we've set our resolution cap at "3", denoting that we've prepared 3x and 2x image variants. When the page loads, retina.js will check the actual resolution of the device environment to decide whether it should really serve up a 3x image. If the user happens to be in a 2x environment, retina.js will serve up the 2x image instead, assuming it will find the image at /images/my_image@2x.png.

If the environment does have 3x capabilities, retina.js will serve up the 3x image. It will expect that url to be /images/my_image@3x.png. If the environment has the ability to display images at higher densities than 3x, retina.js will serve up the image of the highest resolution that you've provided, in this case 3x.

Inline Styles

Previous versions of retina.js were unable to target background images set via inline styles. Now, if you apply a data-rjs attribute to any kind of element other than an img, the script will target inline background images instead of src attributes.

So if you created an element like this:

<div style="background: url(/images/my_image.png)" data-rjs="3"></div>

retina.js would convert it to something like this:

<div style="background: url(/images/my_image@3x.png)" data-rjs="3"></div>

The logic behind image swapping is exactly the same when dealing with background images as it is when dealing with src attributes. If the user's environment only supports 2x variants, retina.js will load the 2x variant instead of the 3x.

Note that it is up to you in a case like this to correctly apply background sizing and any other necessary background-related styles to the element. retina.js will not affect these.

Manually Specifying a High-Res URL

In previous versions, you could tell the script where to find your high-res file by using the data-at2x attribute. Now, if you pass a URL to the data-rjs attribute, retina.js will use the image at the path you specify for all high-resolution environments instead of trying to dynamically serve an auto-suffixed image path based on the environment's capabilities. This will work for both src attributes on img tags and inline background images on all other tags.

For example, you might write something like this:

<img
  src="/images/my_image.png"
  data-rjs="/images/2x/my-image.png" />

<!-- or -->

<div
  style="background: url(/images/my_image.png)"
  data-rjs="/images/2x/my-image.png">
</div>

If the user then loads the page in any kind of high-resolution environment, they'll get the following:

<img
  src="/images/2x/my-image.png"
  data-rjs="/images/2x/my-image.png" />

<!-- or -->

<div
  style="background: url(/images/2x/my-image.png)"
  data-rjs="/images/2x/my-image.png">
</div>

Media Queries

retina.js comes with mixins for SCSS, Sass, Less, and Stylus. These mixins work similarly to the JavaScript version in that they will dynamically serve images for as many high-res environments as you've prepared image variants for. Previously, these mixins were named "at2x" but because they now serve images for multiple environments, they have been renamed "retina".

In each language, the retina mixin allows 4 parameters:

path - The path to your standard resolution image.
cap - Optional. The highest resolution level for which you have prepared images. Defaults to 2.
size- Optional. A value to be applied to the background-size property. Defaults to auto auto.
extras- Optional. Any other values to be added to the background property. Defaults to nothing.

Here is an example wherein we are specifying that we have prepared images for both 2x and 3x environments:

SCSS

#item {
  @include retina('/images/my_image.png', 3, cover, center center no-repeat);
}

Sass

#item
  +retina('/images/my_image.png', 3, cover, center center no-repeat)

Less

#item {
  .retina('/images/my_image.png', 3, cover, center center no-repeat);
}

Stylus

#item
  retina('/images/my_image.png', 3, cover, center center no-repeat)

Regardless of the dialect, the output is effectively the same:

#item {
  background: url("/images/my_image.png") center center no-repeat;
  background-size: cover;
}

@media all and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5),
       all and (-o-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3 / 2),
       all and (min--moz-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5),
       all and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) {
  #item {
    background: url("/images/my_image@2x.png") center center no-repeat;
    background-size: cover;
  }
}

@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2), (min-resolution: 192dpi) {
  #item {
    background: url("/images/my_image@2x.png") center center no-repeat;
    background-size: cover;
  }
}

@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3), (min-resolution: 288dpi) {
  #item {
    background: url("/images/my_image@3x.png") center center no-repeat;
    background-size: cover;
  }
}

Compatibility

retina.js is compatible with all modern browsers and should not throw errors in old browsers all the way back through IE6.

Installing & Launching

JavaScript

There are 2 ways to use the JavaScript version of retina.js:

The old-school way (manually dropping the script into an html file).
The new-school way (importing it into a larger JavaScript build process).

Old-School

To use retina.js the old-school way, download retina.min.js and put it on your server. Then, include the script in your html file at the bottom of your template, before your closing </body> tag.

<script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/retina.min.js"></script>

Using this technique, retina.js will run automatically on page load. It will also create a globally available function called retinajs. Whenever you'd like to manually re-initialize the script, simply call window.retinajs().

If you don't pass any arguments to the retinajs function, it will only attempt to process images that have not previously been processed by the script. Optionally, you can pass a collection of HTML elements to the script, in which case it will only attempt to process elements in that collection, specifically the ones that have not been processed before. Your collection may take the form of an Array, NodeList, or jQuery selection.

retinajs();
// Finds all images not previously processed and processes them.

retinajs( [img, img, img] );
// Only attempts to process the images in the collection.

retinajs( $('img') );
// Same.

retinajs( document.querySelectorAll('img') );
// Same.

New-School

To use retina.js the new-school way, you'll want to require it (or import it if you're using ES6) into your Gulp/Webpack/Grunt/CommonJS/etc application. In this case, the script won't run automatically. Instead, it'll let you determine when you'd like it to run.

import retina from 'retina';

window.addEventListener('load', retina);

Notice that the retina function can be called as often as you need in order to re-initialize the image swapping.

If you don't pass any arguments to the retina function, it will only attempt to process images that have not previously been processed by the script. Optionally, you can pass a collection of HTML elements to the script, in which case it will only attempt to process elements in that collection, specifically the ones that have not been processed before. Your collection may take the form of an Array, NodeList, or jQuery selection.

retina();
// Finds all images not previously processed and processes them.

retina( [img, img, img] );
// Only attempts to process the images in the collection.

retina( $('img') );
// Same.

retina( document.querySelectorAll('img') );
// Same.

CSS Preprocessors

The process for including the CSS mixins is relatively straightforward. Here is a breakdown for each:

SCSS

Add the @mixin retina( ... ) mixin from _retina.scss to your SCSS stylesheet (or reference it in an @import). In your stylesheet, call the mixin using @include retina( ... ) anywhere instead of using background or background-image.

Sass

Add the =retina( ... ) mixin from _retina.sass to your Sass stylesheet (or reference it in an @import). In your stylesheet, call the mixin using +retina( ... ) anywhere instead of using background or background-image.

Less

Add the .retina( ... ) mixin from retina.less to your Less stylesheet (or reference it in an @import). In your stylesheet, call the mixin using .retina( ... ) anywhere instead of using background or background-image.

Stylus

Add the retina( ... ) mixin from retina.styl to your Stylus stylesheet (or reference it in an @import). In your stylesheet, call the mixin using retina( ... ) anywhere instead of using background or background-image.

Considerations for Ruby on Rails 3+

...or any framework that embeds some digest/hash to the asset URLs based on the contents, e.g. /images/image-{hash1}.jpg.

The problem with this is that the high-resolution version would have a different hash, and would not conform to the usual pattern, i.e. /images/image@2x-{hash2}.jpg. So automatic detection would fail because retina.js would check the existence of /images/image-{hash1}@2x.jpg.

There's no way for retina.js to know beforehand what the high-resolution image's hash would be without some sort of help from the server side. So in this case, there are a couple of options for handling it:

Bypass Digesting

One potential method is to bypass digesting altogether by implementing a process like team-umlaut's asset compile rake file which will generate non-digested asset files as necessary.

Use Manual Paths

Although it's not quite as fancy as dynamically serving up files based on the resolution of the user's environment, this may be a good time to pass a URL string to the data-rjs attribute so that you can manually tell retina.js exactly where to look for a high-resolution variant of your image.

Download Details:

Author: Strues
Source Code: https://github.com/strues/retinajs
License: MIT license

#javascript #scss #sass #image

How To Center Items in CSS Grid and Use Flexbox

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Comparing the best CSS grid generators

What are CSS grid generators?

1. CSS Grid Generator

2. CSS Layout Generator

Pros:

Cons:

3. Grid LayoutIt

Pros:

Cons:

4. Griddy

Pros:

Cons:

5. Cssgr.id

Pros:

Cons:

6. Angry Tools CSS Grid

Pros:

Cons:

BONUS: CSS grid cheat sheet

Comparando Los Mejores Generadores De Grid CSS

¿Qué son los generadores de grid CSS?

1. Generador de cuadrícula CSS

2. Generador de diseño CSS

Ventajas:

Contras:

3. Diseño de cuadrícula

Ventajas:

Contras:

4. cuadrícula

Ventajas:

Contras:

5. Cssgr.id

Ventajas:

Contras:

6. Cuadrícula CSS de Angry Tools

Ventajas:

Contras:

BONIFICACIÓN: hoja de trucos de cuadrícula CSS

最高のCSSグリッドジェネレーターの比較

CSSグリッドジェネレーターとは何ですか？

1.CSSグリッドジェネレーター

2.CSSレイアウトジェネレーター

長所：

短所：

3.グリッドLayoutIt

長所：

短所：

4.グリディ

長所：

短所：

5. Cssgr.id

長所：

短所：

6. AngryToolsCSSグリッド

長所：

短所：

ボーナス：CSSグリッドチートシート

Pdf2gerb: Perl Script Converts PDF Files to Gerber format

pdf2gerb

pdf2gerb_cfg.pm

Download Details:

JavaScript, SCSS Helpers for Rendering High-resolution Image Variants

retina.js

JavaScript, Sass, Less, and Stylus helpers for rendering high-resolution image variants

How it works

Img Tags

Inline Styles

Manually Specifying a High-Res URL

Media Queries

Compatibility

Installing & Launching

JavaScript

Old-School

New-School

CSS Preprocessors

SCSS

Sass