How to solve the Sherlock and Anagrams coding challenge in JavaScript

This post is going to get you through my solution of a coding challenge called “Sherlock and Anagrams”. You may take a look at it in HackerRank. I spent a lot of time trying to solve it, with JavaScript. When I tried to google it, I could not find a decent JS solution. I found just one and it was not working correctly. Also any explanations were completely out of the question. That’s why I decided to write an article about it and try to put some nice and easy to digest explanations along the way. Keep reading now!

⚠ CAUTION: I will roll out my solution below with short explanations about each of the steps. If you want to give a try yourself, please stop here and go to HackerRank site.

Problem

Two strings are anagrams of each other if the letters of one string can be rearranged to form the other string. Given a string, find the number of pairs of substrings of the string that are anagrams of each other.

For example s = mom, the list of all anagrammatic pairs is [m, m], [mo, om] at positions [[0], [2]], [[0, 1], [1, 2]] respectively.

Constraints

Length of the input string: 2 ≤ |s| ≤ 100

String s contains only lowercase letters from the range ascii[a-z].

Analysis

First thing first - we need to get a better understanding of the whole problem. What is an anagram? What is an anagrammatic pair? Can I see one? Also, what exactly does it mean substrings?

In other words, we need to have a clear picture of what are we trying to solve, before solving it.
From the description of the problem we can deduct all we need. Keep walking! 🚶

I think here is a good moment to mention that the challenge in question is under “Dictionaries and Hashmaps” section in HackerRank website, so it’s very likely for one to think, that probably he has to use this kind of data structures when solving it. 😇

Anagrams

Since we are going to look for anagrams, let’s start with them. As it is described above, an anagram of one word is another word, that has the same length and is created with the same characters from the former one.

So we will have to look for words and compare them with other words, in order to see if they are anagrammatic pairs. Once found, we will just count them.

Anagrammatic pairs

After we saw what an anagram is, it should be relatively easy to conclude, that anagrammatic pair is just two strings that are anagrams. Such as “mo” and “om”, or “listen” and “silent”. We will have to count how many pairs like this could be found in a given string. In order to do that, we need to split this original string to substrings.

Substrings

Substrings, as the name infer, are parts of a string. These parts could be just a letter or a pair of letters, such as what have we seen in the example above - “m” or “mo”. In our solution we will split the original string to such substrings and then we will go over them and do the comparison, which will tell us whether we have anagrammatic pairs among them.

Solution

Now, when we did our analysis, it’s showtime! 🎆

Let’s summarize:

1. We need to find all substrings of the given string - create a method for that.
2. We need to be able to check if two strings are anagrams - create a method for that.
3. We need to count all anagrammatic pairs in the given string - create a method for that.
4. Combine everything from above and spit the result - create a method for that.

Get all substrings

This would be our helper method for finding all substring of a given string:

function getAllSubstrings(str) {
  let i, j, result = [];

  for (i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {
    for (j = i + 1; j < str.length + 1; j++) {
      result.push(str.slice(i, j))
    }
  }
  return result
}

As you can see, it has O(n^2) time complexity, but for our case it does the job, because we have limited length of the input string (up to 100 characters).

Check for anagrams

This would be our helper method for checking if two strings are anagrammatic pair:

function isAnagram(str1, str2) {
  const hist = {}

  for (let i = 0; i < str1.length; i++) {
    const char = str1[i]
    if (hist[char]) {
      hist[char]++
    } else {
      hist[char] = 1
    }
  }

  for (let j = 0; j < str2.length; j++) {
    const char = str2[j]
    if (hist[char]) {
      hist[char]--
    } else {
      return false
    }
  }

  return true
}

❕ You remember, judging by the section where this challenge belongs, we assumed that most probably we will have to use data structures such as hashmaps or dictionaries. Here is the moment to notice that. We use a simple JavaScript object to play the role of a hashmap. We do two iterations - one per string. When we iterate over the first one, we add its characters as keys to the hashmap and count their appearances, which are going to be stored as their values. Then we do another iteration over the second string. Check if its characters are stored in our hashmap. If yes - decrement their value. If there are missing characters, which means the two strings are not anagrammatic pair, we simply return false. If both loops complete, we return true, signifying that the strings being analysed are anagrammatic pair.

Do the counting

This is the method, where we will use the helper for checking if a pair is anagrammatic and count it. We do that with the help of JavaScript arrays and the methods they provide. We iterate over an array containing all the substrings of the original string. Then we get the currect element and remove it from the array. And then we do another loop through that array and return 1 if we find that there is an anagram of the current element. If nothing is found, we return 0.

function countAnagrams(currentIndex, arr) {
  const currentElement = arr[currentIndex]
  const arrRest = arr.slice(currentIndex + 1)
  let counter = 0

  for (let i = 0; i < arrRest.length; i++) {
    if (currentElement.length === arrRest[i].length && isAnagram(currentElement, arrRest[i])) {
      counter++
    }
  }

 return counter
}

And in the end

The only thing left to be done now is to combine all of the above and spit the desired result. Here is how the final method looks like:

function sherlockAndAnagrams(s) {
  const duplicatesCount = s.split('').filter((v, i) => s.indexOf(v) !== i).length

  if (!duplicatesCount) return 0
  let anagramsCount = 0

  const arr = getAllSubstrings(s)

  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
    anagramsCount += countAnagrams(i, arr)
  }

  return anagramsCount
}

Maybe you have noticed, here I am checking first for duplicates, in order to know if I should continue further. As if there are no duplicated letters, then it’s not possible to have an anagram.

And finally, we get all substrings into an array, iterate over it, count the anagrammatic pairs that are found and return this number. You can find the full code here.

Conclusion

This kind of exercises are very good for making you think algorithmically, but also they change your way of working in your day to day job. My recommendation would be to do the same I am trying to do - train your brain now and then with one of those. And if you can - share. I know sometimes you don’t have time for such challenges, but when you do - go for it.

My personal feeling after finishing this was a total satisfaction, which is completely understandable, considering the the time it took me to do it. But at the end, dear reader, I am even happier I can share this experience with you 😌!

#javascript

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

How to Use Hotwire Rails

Introduction

We are back with another exciting and much-talked-about Rails tutorial on how to use Hotwire with the Rails application. This Hotwire Rails tutorial is an alternate method for building modern web applications that consume a pinch of JavaScript.

Rails 7 Hotwire is the default front-end framework shipped with Rails 7 after it was launched. It is used to represent HTML over the wire in the Rails application. Previously, we used to add a hotwire-rails gem in our gem file and then run rails hotwire: install. However, with the introduction of Rails 7, the gem got deprecated. Now, we use turbo-rails and stimulus rails directly, which work as Hotwire’s SPA-like page accelerator and Hotwire’s modest JavaScript framework.

What is Hotwire?

Hotwire is a package of different frameworks that help to build applications. It simplifies the developer’s work for writing web pages without the need to write JavaScript, and instead sending HTML code over the wire.

Introduction to The Hotwire Framework:

1. Turbo:

It uses simplified techniques to build web applications while decreasing the usage of JavaScript in the application. Turbo offers numerous handling methods for the HTML data sent over the wire and displaying the application’s data without actually loading the entire page. It helps to maintain the simplicity of web applications without destroying the single-page application experience by using the below techniques:

Turbo Frames: Turbo Frames help to load the different sections of our markup without any dependency as it divides the page into different contexts separately called frames and updates these frames individually.
Turbo Drive: Every link doesn’t have to make the entire page reload when clicked. Only the HTML contained within the tag will be displayed.
Turbo Streams: To add real-time features to the application, this technique is used. It helps to bring real-time data to the application using CRUD actions.

2. Stimulus

It represents the JavaScript framework, which is required when JS is a requirement in the application. The interaction with the HTML is possible with the help of a stimulus, as the controllers that help those interactions are written by a stimulus.

3. Strada

Not much information is available about Strada as it has not been officially released yet. However, it works with native applications, and by using HTML bridge attributes, interaction is made possible between web applications and native apps.

Simple diagrammatic representation of Hotwire Stack:

Prerequisites For Hotwire Rails Tutorial

As we are implementing the Ruby on Rails Hotwire tutorial, make sure about the following installations before you can get started.

• Ruby on Rails
• Hotwire gem
• PostgreSQL/SQLite (choose any one database)
• Turbo Rails
• Stimulus.js

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Contact Bacancy today and hire Ruby developers to start building your dream project!

Create a new Rails Project

Find the following commands to create a rails application.

mkdir ~/projects/railshotwire
cd ~/projects/railshotwire
echo "source 'https://rubygems.org'" > Gemfile
echo "gem 'rails', '~> 7.0.0'" >> Gemfile
bundle install  
bundle exec rails new . --force -d=postgresql

Now create some files for the project, up till now no usage of Rails Hotwire can be seen.
Fire the following command in your terminal.

• For creating a default controller for the application

echo "class HomeController < ApplicationController" > app/controllers/home_controller.rb
echo "end" >> app/controllers/home_controller.rb

• For creating another controller for the application

echo "class OtherController < ApplicationController" > app/controllers/other_controller.rb
echo "end" >> app/controllers/home_controller.rb

• For creating routes for the application

echo "Rails.application.routes.draw do" > config/routes.rb
echo '  get "home/index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo '  get "other/index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo '  root to: "home#index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo 'end' >> config/routes.rb

• For creating a default view for the application

mkdir app/views/home
echo '<h1>This is Rails Hotwire homepage</h1>' > app/views/home/index.html.erb
echo '<div><%= link_to "Enter to other page", other_index_path %></div>' >> app/views/home/index.html.erb

• For creating another view for the application

mkdir app/views/other
echo '<h1>This is Another page</h1>' > app/views/other/index.html.erb
echo '<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>' >> app/views/other/index.html.erb

• For creating a database and schema.rb file for the application

bin/rails db:create
bin/rails db:migrate

• For checking the application run bin/rails s and open your browser, your running application will have the below view.

Additionally, you can clone the code and browse through the project. Here’s the source code of the repository: Rails 7 Hotwire application

Now, let’s see how Hotwire Rails can work its magic with various Turbo techniques.

Hotwire Rails: Turbo Drive

Go to your localhost:3000 on your web browser and right-click on the Inspect and open a Network tab of the DevTools of the browser.

Now click on go to another page link that appears on the home page to redirect from the home page to another page. In our Network tab, we can see that this action of navigation is achieved via XHR. It appears only the part inside HTML is reloaded, here neither the CSS is reloaded nor the JS is reloaded when the navigation action is performed.

By performing this action we can see that Turbo Drive helps to represent the HTML response without loading the full page and only follows redirect and reindeer HTML responses which helps to make the application faster to access.

Hotwire Rails: Turbo Frame

This technique helps to divide the current page into different sections called frames that can be updated separately independently when new data is added from the server.
Below we discuss the different use cases of Turbo frame like inline edition, sorting, searching, and filtering of data.

Let’s perform some practical actions to see the example of these use cases.

Make changes in the app/controllers/home_controller.rb file

#CODE

class HomeController < ApplicationController
   def turbo_frame_form
   end
   
   def turbo_frame submit
      extracted_anynumber = params[:any][:anynumber]
      render :turbo_frame_form, status: :ok, locals: {anynumber: extracted_anynumber,      comment: 'turbo_frame_submit ok' }
   end
end

Add app/views/home/turbo_frame_form.html.erb file to the application and add this content inside the file.

#CODE

<section>

    <%= turbo_frame_tag 'anyframe' do %>
            
      <div>
          <h2>Frame view</h2>
          <%= form_with scope: :any, url: turbo_frame_submit_path, local: true do |form| %>
              <%= form.label :anynumber, 'Type an integer (odd or even)', 'class' => 'my-0  d-inline'  %>
              <%= form.text_field :anynumber, type: 'number', 'required' => 'true', 'value' => "#{local_assigns[:anynumber] || 0}",  'aria-describedby' => 'anynumber' %>
              <%= form.submit 'Submit this number', 'id' => 'submit-number' %>
          <% end %>
      </div>
      <div>
        <h2>Data of the view</h2>
        <pre style="font-size: .7rem;"><%= JSON.pretty_generate(local_assigns) %></pre> 
      </div>
      
    <% end %>

</section>

Make some adjustments in routes.rb

#CODE

Rails.application.routes.draw do
  get 'home/index'
  get 'other/index'

  get '/home/turbo_frame_form' => 'home#turbo_frame_form', as: 'turbo_frame_form'
  post '/home/turbo_frame_submit' => 'home#turbo_frame_submit', as: 'turbo_frame_submit'


  root to: "home#index"
end

• Next step is to change homepage view in app/views/home/index.html.erb

#CODE

<h1>This is Rails Hotwire home page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to other page", other_index_path %></div>

<%= turbo_frame_tag 'anyframe' do %>        
  <div>
      <h2>Home view</h2>
      <%= form_with scope: :any, url: turbo_frame_submit_path, local: true do |form| %>
          <%= form.label :anynumber, 'Type an integer (odd or even)', 'class' => 'my-0  d-inline'  %>
          <%= form.text_field :anynumber, type: 'number', 'required' => 'true', 'value' => "#{local_assigns[:anynumber] || 0}",  'aria-describedby' => 'anynumber' %>
          <%= form.submit 'Submit this number', 'id' => 'submit-number' %>
      <% end %>
  <div>
<% end %>

After making all the changes, restart the rails server and refresh the browser, the default view will appear on the browser.

Now in the field enter any digit, after entering the digit click on submit button, and as the submit button is clicked we can see the Turbo Frame in action in the below screen, we can observe that the frame part changed, the first title and first link didn’t move.

Hotwire Rails: Turbo Streams

Turbo Streams deliver page updates over WebSocket, SSE or in response to form submissions by only using HTML and a series of CRUD-like operations, you are free to say that either

• Update the piece of HTML while responding to all the other actions like the post, put, patch, and delete except the GET action.
• Transmit a change to all users, without reloading the browser page.

This transmit can be represented by a simple example.

• Make changes in app/controllers/other_controller.rb file of rails application

#CODE

class OtherController < ApplicationController

  def post_something
    respond_to do |format|
      format.turbo_stream {  }
    end
  end

   end

Add the below line in routes.rb file of the application

#CODE

post '/other/post_something' => 'other#post_something', as: 'post_something'

Superb! Rails will now attempt to locate the app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template at any moment the ‘/other/post_something’ endpoint is reached.

For this, we need to add app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template in the rails application.

#CODE

<turbo-stream action="append" target="messages">
  <template>
    <div id="message_1">This changes the existing message!</div>
  </template>
</turbo-stream>

This states that the response will try to append the template of the turbo frame with ID “messages”.

Now change the index.html.erb file in app/views/other paths with the below content.

#CODE

<h1>This is Another page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>

<div style="margin-top: 3rem;">
  <%= form_with scope: :any, url: post_something_path do |form| %>
      <%= form.submit 'Post any message %>
  <% end %>
  <turbo-frame id="messages">
    <div>An empty message</div>
  </turbo-frame>
</div>

• After making all the changes, restart the rails server and refresh the browser, and go to the other page.

• Once the above screen appears, click on the Post any message button

This action shows that after submitting the response, the Turbo Streams help the developer to append the message, without reloading the page.

Another use case we can test is that rather than appending the message, the developer replaces the message. For that, we need to change the content of app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template file and change the value of the action attribute from append to replace and check the changes in the browser.

#CODE

<turbo-stream action="replace" target="messages">
  <template>
    <div id="message_1">This changes the existing message!</div>
  </template>
</turbo-stream>

When we click on Post any message button, the message that appear below that button will get replaced with the message that is mentioned in the app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template

Stimulus

There are some cases in an application where JS is needed, therefore to cover those scenarios we require Hotwire JS tool. Hotwire has a JS tool because in some scenarios Turbo-* tools are not sufficient. But as we know that Hotwire is used to reduce the usage of JS in an application, Stimulus considers HTML as the single source of truth. Consider the case where we have to give elements on a page some JavaScript attributes, such as data controller, data-action, and data target. For that, a stimulus controller that can access elements and receive events based on those characteristics will be created.

Make a change in app/views/other/index.html.erb template file in rails application

#CODE

<h1>This is Another page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>

<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">
  <%= form_with scope: :any, url: post_something_path do |form| %>
      <%= form.submit 'Post something' %>
  <% end %>
  <turbo-frame id="messages">
    <div>An empty message</div>
  </turbo-frame>
</div>

<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">
  <h2>Stimulus</h2>  
  <div data-controller="hello">
    <input data-hello-target="name" type="text">
    <button data-action="click->hello#greet">
      Greet
    </button>
    <span data-hello-target="output">
    </span>
  </div>
</div>

Make changes in the hello_controller.js in path app/JavaScript/controllers and add a stimulus controller in the file, which helps to bring the HTML into life.

#CODE

import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"

export default class extends Controller {
  static targets = [ "name", "output" ]

  greet() {
    this.outputTarget.textContent =
      `Hello, ${this.nameTarget.value}!`
  }
}

Go to your browser after making the changes in the code and click on Enter to other page link which will navigate to the localhost:3000/other/index page there you can see the changes implemented by the stimulus controller that is designed to augment your HTML with just enough behavior to make it more responsive.

With just a little bit of work, Turbo and Stimulus together offer a complete answer for applications that are quick and compelling.

Using Rails 7 Hotwire helps to load the pages at a faster speed and allows you to render templates on the server, where you have access to your whole domain model. It is a productive development experience in ROR, without compromising any of the speed or responsiveness associated with SPA.

Conclusion

We hope you were satisfied with our Rails Hotwire tutorial. Write to us at service@bacancy.com for any query that you want to resolve, or if you want us to share a tutorial on your query.

For more such solutions on RoR, check out our Ruby on Rails Tutorials. We will always strive to amaze you and cater to your needs.

Original article source at: https://www.bacancytechnology.com/

#rails #ruby 

What is JavaScript - Stackfindover - Blog

Who invented JavaScript, how it works, as we have given information about Programming language in our previous article ( What is PHP ), but today we will talk about what is JavaScript, why JavaScript is used The Answers to all such questions and much other information about JavaScript, you are going to get here today. Hope this information will work for you.

Who invented JavaScript?

JavaScript language was invented by Brendan Eich in 1995. JavaScript is inspired by Java Programming Language. The first name of JavaScript was Mocha which was named by Marc Andreessen, Marc Andreessen is the founder of Netscape and in the same year Mocha was renamed LiveScript, and later in December 1995, it was renamed JavaScript which is still in trend.

What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a client-side scripting language used with HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). JavaScript is an Interpreted / Oriented language called JS in programming language JavaScript code can be run on any normal web browser. To run the code of JavaScript, we have to enable JavaScript of Web Browser. But some web browsers already have JavaScript enabled.

Today almost all websites are using it as web technology, mind is that there is maximum scope in JavaScript in the coming time, so if you want to become a programmer, then you can be very beneficial to learn JavaScript.

JavaScript Hello World Program

In JavaScript, ‘document.write‘ is used to represent a string on a browser.

<script type="text/javascript">
	document.write("Hello World!");
</script>

How to comment JavaScript code?

• For single line comment in JavaScript we have to use // (double slashes)
• For multiple line comments we have to use / * – – * /

<script type="text/javascript">

//single line comment

/* document.write("Hello"); */

</script>

Advantages and Disadvantages of JavaScript

#javascript #javascript code #javascript hello world #what is javascript #who invented javascript

How To Create Tabs in Less Than 12 Minutes Using HTML CSS

In this video, We have created a Tab design in HTML and CSS without using JavaScript. I have also provided HTML and CSS code on my website, you can visit my website by clicking given link. 

Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/@CodingLabYT/featured 

Source Code :

HTML :

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <!--<title> CSS Vertical Tabs </title>-->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
    <!-- Fontawesome CDN Link -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/5.15.2/css/all.min.css"/>
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
   </head>
<body>
  <div class="container">
    <div class="topic">CSS Vertical Tabs.</div>
    <div class="content">
      <input type="radio" name="slider" checked id="home">
      <input type="radio" name="slider" id="blog">
      <input type="radio" name="slider" id="help">
      <input type="radio" name="slider" id="code">
      <input type="radio" name="slider" id="about">
      <div class="list">
        <label for="home" class="home">
        <i class="fas fa-home"></i>
        <span class="title">Home</span>
      </label>
      <label for="blog" class="blog">
        <span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-blog"></i></span>
        <span class="title">Blog</span>
      </label>
      <label for="help" class="help">
        <span class="icon"><i class="far fa-envelope"></i></span>
        <span class="title">Help</span>
      </label>
      <label for="code" class="code">
        <span class="icon"><i class="fas fa-code"></i></span>
        <span class="title">Code</span>
      </label>
      <label for="about" class="about">
        <span class="icon"><i class="far fa-user"></i></span>
        <span class="title">About</span>
      </label>
      <div class="slider"></div>
    </div>
      <div class="text-content">
        <div class="home text">
          <div class="title">Home Content</div>
          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Quasi excepturi ducimus sequi dignissimos expedita tempore omnis quos cum, possimus, aspernatur esse nihil commodi est maiores dolorum rem iusto atque, beatae voluptas sit eligendi architecto dolorem temporibus. Non magnam ipsam, voluptas quasi nam dicta ut. Ad corrupti aliquid obcaecati alias, nemo veritatis porro nisi eius sequi dignissimos ea repellendus quibusdam minima ipsum animi quae, libero quisquam a! Laudantium iste est sapiente, ullam itaque odio iure laborum voluptatem quaerat tempore doloremque quam modi, atque minima enim saepe! Dolorem rerum minima incidunt, officia!</p>
        </div>
        <div class="blog text">
          <div class="title">Blog Content</div>
          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Alias tempora, unde reprehenderit incidunt excepturi blanditiis ullam dignissimos provident quam? Fugit, enim! Architecto ad officiis dignissimos ex quae iusto amet pariatur, ea eius aut velit, tempora magnam hic autem maiores unde corrupti tenetur delectus! Voluptatum praesentium labore consectetur ea qui illum illo distinctio, sunt, ipsam rerum optio quibusdam cum a? Aut facilis non fuga molestiae voluptatem omnis reprehenderit, dignissimos commodi repellat sapiente natus ipsam, ipsa distinctio. Ducimus repudiandae fuga aliquid, numquam.</p>
        </div>
        <div class="help text">
          <div class="title">Help Content</div>
          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Maiores error neque, officia excepturi dolores quis dolor, architecto iusto deleniti a soluta nostrum. Fuga reiciendis beatae, dicta voluptatem, vitae eligendi maxime accusamus. Amet totam aut odio velit cumque autem neque sequi provident mollitia, nisi sunt maiores facilis debitis in officiis asperiores saepe quo soluta laudantium ad non quisquam! Repellendus culpa necessitatibus aliquam quod mollitia perspiciatis ducimus doloribus perferendis autem, omnis, impedit, veniam qui dolorem? Ipsam nihil assumenda, sit ratione blanditiis eius aliquam libero iusto, dolorum aut perferendis modi laboriosam sint dolor.</p>
        </div>
        <div class="code text">
          <div class="title">Code Content</div>
          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Tempore magnam vitae inventore blanditiis nam tenetur voluptates doloribus error atque reprehenderit, necessitatibus minima incidunt a eius corrupti placeat, quasi similique deserunt, harum? Quia ut impedit ab earum expedita soluta repellat perferendis hic tempora inventore, accusantium porro consequuntur quisquam et assumenda distinctio dignissimos doloremque enim nemo delectus deserunt! Ullam perspiciatis quae aliquid animi quam amet deleniti, at dolorum tenetur, tempore laborum.</p>
        </div>
        <div class="about text">
          <div class="title">About Content</div>
          <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit. Necessitatibus incidunt possimus quas ad, sit nam veniam illo ullam sapiente, aspernatur fugiat atque. Laboriosam libero voluptatum molestiae veniam earum quisquam, laudantium aperiam, eligendi dicta animi maxime sunt non nisi, ex, ipsa! Soluta ex, quibusdam voluptatem distinctio asperiores recusandae veritatis optio dolorem illo nesciunt quos ullam, dicta numquam ipsam cumque sed. Blanditiis omnis placeat, enim sit dicta eligendi voluptatibus laborum consectetur repudiandae tempora numquam molestiae rerum mollitia nemo. Velit perspiciatis, nesciunt, quo illo quas error debitis molestiae et sapiente neque tempore natus?</p>
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

CSS :

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Poppins:wght@200;300;400;500;600;700&display=swap');
*{
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;
}
body{
  height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  background: #dad3f8;
}
::selection{
  background: #6d50e2;
  color: #fff;
}
.container{
  max-width: 950px;
  width: 100%;
  padding: 40px 50px  40px  40px;
  background: #fff;
  margin: 0 20px;
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: 0 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
.container .topic{
  font-size: 30px;
  font-weight: 500;
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.content{
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
.content .list{
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  width: 20%;
  margin-right: 50px;
  position: relative;
}
.content .list label{
  height: 60px;
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 60px;
  cursor: pointer;
  padding-left: 25px;
  transition: all 0.5s ease;
  color: #333;
  z-index: 12;
}
#home:checked ~ .list label.home,
#blog:checked ~ .list label.blog,
#help:checked ~ .list label.help,
#code:checked ~ .list label.code,
#about:checked ~ .list label.about{
  color: #fff;
}
.content .list label:hover{
  color: #6d50e2;
}
.content .slider{
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  height: 60px;
  width: 100%;
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: #6d50e2;
  transition: all 0.4s ease;
}
#home:checked ~ .list .slider{
  top: 0;
}
#blog:checked ~ .list .slider{
  top: 60px;
}
#help:checked ~ .list .slider{
  top: 120px;
}
#code:checked ~ .list .slider{
  top: 180px;
}
#about:checked ~ .list .slider{
  top: 240px;
}
.content .text-content{
  width: 80%;
  height: 100%;
}
.content .text{
  display: none;
}
.content .text .title{
  font-size: 25px;
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.content .text p{
  text-align: justify;
}
.content .text-content .home{
  display: block;
}
#home:checked ~ .text-content .home,
#blog:checked ~ .text-content .blog,
#help:checked ~ .text-content .help,
#code:checked ~ .text-content .code,
#about:checked ~ .text-content .about{
  display: block;
}
#blog:checked ~ .text-content .home,
#help:checked ~ .text-content .home,
#code:checked ~ .text-content .home,
#about:checked ~ .text-content .home{
  display: none;
}
.content input{
  display: none;
}

Download Code Files

#javascript #html #css

Static Code Analysis: What It Is? How to Use It?

Static code analysis refers to the technique of approximating the runtime behavior of a program. In other words, it is the process of predicting the output of a program without actually executing it.

Lately, however, the term “Static Code Analysis” is more commonly used to refer to one of the applications of this technique rather than the technique itself — program comprehension — understanding the program and detecting issues in it (anything from syntax errors to type mismatches, performance hogs likely bugs, security loopholes, etc.). This is the usage we’d be referring to throughout this post.

“The refinement of techniques for the prompt discovery of error serves as well as any other as a hallmark of what we mean by science.”

• J. Robert Oppenheimer

Outline

We cover a lot of ground in this post. The aim is to build an understanding of static code analysis and to equip you with the basic theory, and the right tools so that you can write analyzers on your own.

We start our journey with laying down the essential parts of the pipeline which a compiler follows to understand what a piece of code does. We learn where to tap points in this pipeline to plug in our analyzers and extract meaningful information. In the latter half, we get our feet wet, and write four such static analyzers, completely from scratch, in Python.

Note that although the ideas here are discussed in light of Python, static code analyzers across all programming languages are carved out along similar lines. We chose Python because of the availability of an easy to use ast module, and wide adoption of the language itself.

How does it all work?

Before a computer can finally “understand” and execute a piece of code, it goes through a series of complicated transformations:

As you can see in the diagram (go ahead, zoom it!), the static analyzers feed on the output of these stages. To be able to better understand the static analysis techniques, let’s look at each of these steps in some more detail:

Scanning

The first thing that a compiler does when trying to understand a piece of code is to break it down into smaller chunks, also known as tokens. Tokens are akin to what words are in a language.

A token might consist of either a single character, like (, or literals (like integers, strings, e.g., 7, Bob, etc.), or reserved keywords of that language (e.g, def in Python). Characters which do not contribute towards the semantics of a program, like trailing whitespace, comments, etc. are often discarded by the scanner.

Python provides the tokenize module in its standard library to let you play around with tokens:

Python

1

import io

2

import tokenize

3

4

code = b"color = input('Enter your favourite color: ')"

5

6

for token in tokenize.tokenize(io.BytesIO(code).readline):

7

    print(token)

Python

1

TokenInfo(type=62 (ENCODING),  string='utf-8')

2

TokenInfo(type=1  (NAME),      string='color')

3

TokenInfo(type=54 (OP),        string='=')

4

TokenInfo(type=1  (NAME),      string='input')

5

TokenInfo(type=54 (OP),        string='(')

6

TokenInfo(type=3  (STRING),    string="'Enter your favourite color: '")

7

TokenInfo(type=54 (OP),        string=')')

8

TokenInfo(type=4  (NEWLINE),   string='')

9

TokenInfo(type=0  (ENDMARKER), string='')

(Note that for the sake of readability, I’ve omitted a few columns from the result above — metadata like starting index, ending index, a copy of the line on which a token occurs, etc.)

#code quality #code review #static analysis #static code analysis #code analysis #static analysis tools #code review tips #static code analyzer #static code analysis tool #static analyzer

4 Ways You Can Get Rid of Dirty Side Effects for Cleaner Code in JavaScript

According to an analysis, a developer creates 70 bugs per 1000 lines of code on average. As a result, he spends 75% of his time on debugging. So sad!

Bugs are born in many ways. Creating side effects is one of them.

Some people say side effects are evil, some say they’re not.

I’m in the first group. Side effects should be considered evil. And we should aim for side effects free code.

Here are 4ways you can use to achieve the goal.

1. use strict;

Just add use strict; to the beginning of your files. This special string will turn your code validation on and prevent you from using variables without declaring them first.

#functional-programming #javascript-tips #clean-code #coding #javascript-development #javascript