The Amazon Business Analyst Interview

The Amazon business analyst job is a mix of technical data interpretation and business acumen. A successful business analyst will move into a career path of product management, analytics management, or business intelligence, all of which require depth as well as width of knowledge.

Responsibilities

• Own the design, development, and maintenance of ongoing metrics, reports, analyses, and dashboards that monitor and to drive key business decisions.
• Embed analytics into day to day operations by supporting and translating business inquiries to analytical reports.
• Build robust operational and business metrics and make them highly visual and consumable across the workplace.
• Work with cross-functional teams, systems, and vendor data to build reporting systems and utilize metrics to find strong improvement opportunities.

The Business Analyst Interview

The Amazon interview process is extremely consistent across the different teams. Once your resume is shortlisted, the interview starts with a recruiter screening or phone screen with a hiring manager. Then if selected in those initial rounds, you are invited for an interview loop of around 4–5 interviews in the same day. All of the interviews are based on Amazon’s 14 leadership principles to test your competency and may include technical interview questions.

Overall the breakdown in terms of focus in preparation should be mainly on leadership principles, a little bit on database system design, and lastly on actually coding, SQL queries, and product and business cases.

Check out a mock interview of an Amazon business case question.

Based on the level (L3/L4/L5), you will have 4–5 rounds in person. Out of these, there will be a couple of technical rounds and a couple of behavioral rounds. Behavioral rounds will be mostly to judge you on the notorious leadership principles of Amazon.

Amazon Leadership Principles Interview Questions

For Amazon’s leadership behavioral competency interview, the exact phrasing of the question may be different but the central idea remains the same between each leadership principle.

For each leadership principle, remember to craft a story around how you exemplified each one of these principles. For example:

• Customer Obsession: Took customer feedback and learned from their pain points to build a better product or process.
• Dive Deep : Solved a complex problem by diving into the issue head first.
• Bias for Action: Prioritized action and initiative for different projects.
• Ownership A project where you went beyond the original scope.
• Earn Trust:Resolving a conflict between different team members and built a good standing relationship with customers.
• Invent and Simplify:A project where you made a system more efficient.

The interviewer will never state that they’re asking you a leadership principles type question. Yet know exactly how to craft a story that leads to one of the fourteen principles. It’s basically the elephant in the room!

#interview-query #amazon-business-analyst #amazon-interview #interview-questions #business-analyst

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The Amazon Business Analyst Interview

The Amazon business analyst job is a mix of technical data interpretation and business acumen. A successful business analyst will move into a career path of product management, analytics management, or business intelligence, all of which require depth as well as width of knowledge.

Responsibilities

• Own the design, development, and maintenance of ongoing metrics, reports, analyses, and dashboards that monitor and to drive key business decisions.
• Embed analytics into day to day operations by supporting and translating business inquiries to analytical reports.
• Build robust operational and business metrics and make them highly visual and consumable across the workplace.
• Work with cross-functional teams, systems, and vendor data to build reporting systems and utilize metrics to find strong improvement opportunities.

The Business Analyst Interview

The Amazon interview process is extremely consistent across the different teams. Once your resume is shortlisted, the interview starts with a recruiter screening or phone screen with a hiring manager. Then if selected in those initial rounds, you are invited for an interview loop of around 4–5 interviews in the same day. All of the interviews are based on Amazon’s 14 leadership principles to test your competency and may include technical interview questions.

Overall the breakdown in terms of focus in preparation should be mainly on leadership principles, a little bit on database system design, and lastly on actually coding, SQL queries, and product and business cases.

Check out a mock interview of an Amazon business case question.

Based on the level (L3/L4/L5), you will have 4–5 rounds in person. Out of these, there will be a couple of technical rounds and a couple of behavioral rounds. Behavioral rounds will be mostly to judge you on the notorious leadership principles of Amazon.

Amazon Leadership Principles Interview Questions

For Amazon’s leadership behavioral competency interview, the exact phrasing of the question may be different but the central idea remains the same between each leadership principle.

For each leadership principle, remember to craft a story around how you exemplified each one of these principles. For example:

• Customer Obsession: Took customer feedback and learned from their pain points to build a better product or process.
• Dive Deep : Solved a complex problem by diving into the issue head first.
• Bias for Action: Prioritized action and initiative for different projects.
• Ownership A project where you went beyond the original scope.
• Earn Trust:Resolving a conflict between different team members and built a good standing relationship with customers.
• Invent and Simplify:A project where you made a system more efficient.

The interviewer will never state that they’re asking you a leadership principles type question. Yet know exactly how to craft a story that leads to one of the fourteen principles. It’s basically the elephant in the room!

#interview-query #amazon-business-analyst #amazon-interview #interview-questions #business-analyst

Best Electric Bikes and Scooters for Rental Business or Campus Facility

The electric scooter revolution has caught on super-fast taking many cities across the globe by storm. eScooters, a renovated version of old-school scooters now turned into electric vehicles are an environmentally friendly solution to current on-demand commute problems. They work on engines, like cars, enabling short traveling distances without hassle. The result is that these groundbreaking electric machines can now provide faster transport for less — cheaper than Uber and faster than Metro.

Since they are durable, fast, easy to operate and maintain, and are more convenient to park compared to four-wheelers, the eScooters trend has and continues to spike interest as a promising growth area. Several companies and universities are increasingly setting up shop to provide eScooter services realizing a would-be profitable business model and a ready customer base that is university students or residents in need of faster and cheap travel going about their business in school, town, and other surrounding areas.

Electric Scooters Trends and Statistics

In many countries including the U.S., Canada, Mexico, U.K., Germany, France, China, Japan, India, Brazil and Mexico and more, a growing number of eScooter users both locals and tourists can now be seen effortlessly passing lines of drivers stuck in the endless and unmoving traffic.

A recent report by McKinsey revealed that the E-Scooter industry will be worth― $200 billion to $300 billion in the United States, $100 billion to $150 billion in Europe, and $30 billion to $50 billion in China in 2030. The e-Scooter revenue model will also spike and is projected to rise by more than 20% amounting to approximately $5 billion.

And, with a necessity to move people away from high carbon prints, traffic and congestion issues brought about by car-centric transport systems in cities, more and more city planners are developing more bike/scooter lanes and adopting zero-emission plans. This is the force behind the booming electric scooter market and the numbers will only go higher and higher.

Companies that have taken advantage of the growing eScooter trend develop an appthat allows them to provide efficient eScooter services. Such an app enables them to be able to locate bike pick-up and drop points through fully integrated google maps.

List of Best Electric Bikes for Rental Business or Campus Facility 2020:

It’s clear that e scooters will increasingly become more common and the e-scooter business model will continue to grab the attention of manufacturers, investors, entrepreneurs. All this should go ahead with a quest to know what are some of the best electric bikes in the market especially for anyone who would want to get started in the electric bikes/scooters rental business.

We have done a comprehensive list of the best electric bikes! Each bike has been reviewed in depth and includes a full list of specs and a photo.

Billy eBike

 https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/enkicycles/billy-were-redefining-joyrides

To start us off is the Billy eBike, a powerful go-anywhere urban electric bike that’s specially designed to offer an exciting ride like no other whether you want to ride to the grocery store, cafe, work or school. The Billy eBike comes in 4 color options – Billy Blue, Polished aluminium, Artic white, and Stealth black.

Price: $2490

Available countries

Available in the USA, Europe, Asia, South Africa and Australia.This item ships from the USA. Buyers are therefore responsible for any taxes and/or customs duties incurred once it arrives in your country.

Features

• Control – Ride with confidence with our ultra-wide BMX bars and a hyper-responsive twist throttle.
• Stealth- Ride like a ninja with our Gates carbon drive that’s as smooth as butter and maintenance-free.
• Drive – Ride further with our high torque fat bike motor, giving a better climbing performance.
• Accelerate – Ride quicker with our 20-inch lightweight cutout rims for improved acceleration.
• Customize – Ride your own way with 5 levels of power control. Each level determines power and speed.
• Flickable – Ride harder with our BMX /MotoX inspired geometry and lightweight aluminum package

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 20 mph (32 km/h)
• Range per charge: 41 miles (66 km)
• Maximum Power: 500W
• Motor type: Fat Bike Motor: Bafang RM G060.500.DC
• Load capacity: 300lbs (136kg)
• Battery type: 13.6Ah Samsung lithium-ion,
• Battery capacity: On/off-bike charging available
• Weight: w/o batt. 48.5lbs (22kg), w/ batt. 54lbs (24.5kg)
• Front Suspension: Fully adjustable air shock, preload/compression damping /lockout
• Rear Suspension: spring, preload adjustment
• Built-in GPS

Why Should You Buy This?

• Riding fun and excitement
• Better climbing ability and faster acceleration.
• Ride with confidence
• Billy folds for convenient storage and transportation.
• Shorty levers connect to disc brakes ensuring you stop on a dime
• belt drives are maintenance-free and clean (no oil or lubrication needed)

**Who Should Ride Billy? **

Both new and experienced riders

**Where to Buy? **Local distributors or ships from the USA.

Genze 200 series e-Bike

 https://www.genze.com/fleet/

Featuring a sleek and lightweight aluminum frame design, the 200-Series ebike takes your riding experience to greater heights. Available in both black and white this ebike comes with a connected app, which allows you to plan activities, map distances and routes while also allowing connections with fellow riders.

Price: $2099.00

Available countries

The Genze 200 series e-Bike is available at GenZe retail locations across the U.S or online via GenZe.com website. Customers from outside the US can ship the product while incurring the relevant charges.

Features

• 2 Frame Options
• 2 Sizes
• Integrated/Removable Battery
• Throttle and Pedal Assist Ride Modes
• Integrated LCD Display
• Connected App
• 24 month warranty
• GPS navigation
• Bluetooth connectivity

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 20 mph with throttle
• Range per charge: 15-18 miles w/ throttle and 30-50 miles w/ pedal assist
• Charging time: 3.5 hours
• Motor type: Brushless Rear Hub Motor
• Gears: Microshift Thumb Shifter
• Battery type: Removable Samsung 36V, 9.6AH Li-Ion battery pack
• Battery capacity: 36V and 350 Wh
• Weight: 46 pounds
• Derailleur: 8-speed Shimano
• Brakes: Dual classic
• Wheels: 26 x 20 inches
• Frame: 16, and 18 inches
• Operating Mode: Analog mode 5 levels of Pedal Assist Thrott­le Mode

Norco from eBikestore

 https://ebikestore.com/shop/norco-vlt-s2/

The Norco VLT S2 is a front suspension e-Bike with solid components alongside the reliable Bosch Performance Line Power systems that offer precise pedal assistance during any riding situation.

Price: $2,699.00

Available countries

This item is available via the various Norco bikes international distributors.

Features

• VLT aluminum frame- for stiffness and wheel security.
• Bosch e-bike system – for their reliability and performance.
• E-bike components – for added durability.
• Hydraulic disc brakes – offer riders more stopping power for safety and control at higher speeds.
• Practical design features – to add convenience and versatility.

Specifications

• Maximum speed: KMC X9 9spd
• Motor type: Bosch Active Line
• Gears: Shimano Altus RD-M2000, SGS, 9 Speed
• Battery type: Power Pack 400
• Battery capacity: 396Wh
• Suspension: SR Suntour suspension fork
• Frame: Norco VLT, Aluminum, 12x142mm TA Dropouts

Bodo EV

http://www.bodoevs.com/bodoev/products_show.asp?product_id=13

Manufactured by Bodo Vehicle Group Limited, the Bodo EV is specially designed for strong power and extraordinary long service to facilitate super amazing rides. The Bodo Vehicle Company is a striking top in electric vehicles brand field in China and across the globe. Their Bodo EV will no doubt provide your riders with high-level riding satisfaction owing to its high-quality design, strength, breaking stability and speed.

Price: $799

Available countries

This item ships from China with buyers bearing the shipping costs and other variables prior to delivery.

Features

• Reliable
• Environment friendly
• Comfortable riding
• Fashionable
• Economical
• Durable – long service life
• Braking stability
• LED lighting technology

Specifications

• Maximum speed: 45km/h
• Range per charge: 50km per person
• Charging time: 8 hours
• Maximum Power: 3000W
• Motor type: Brushless DC Motor
• Load capacity: 100kg
• Battery type: Lead-acid battery
• Battery capacity: 60V 20AH
• Weight: w/o battery 47kg

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Empower your e-commerce business by building an app like Amazon

We at Appdupe incorporate the app with the latest techniques to meet the customer market trend. The app is enriched with the highly-advanced and innovative features that help you deliver the best Amazon clone script that helps turn your e-commerce business ideas into reality. We offer a top-notch Amazon clone app development and a ready-made clone application perfect for any business sector. Every feature in it is set to expand your business, which can also be altered with your brand name. By developing an app like Amazon, you can easily reach your customer anytime anywhere that eventually helps increase the business revenue.

Read More, https://www.appdupe.com/amazon-clone

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How to start an electric scooter facility/fleet in a university campus/IT park

Are you leading an organization that has a large campus, e.g., a large university? You are probably thinking of introducing an electric scooter/bicycle fleet on the campus, and why wouldn’t you?

Introducing micro-mobility in your campus with the help of such a fleet would help the people on the campus significantly. People would save money since they don’t need to use a car for a short distance. Your campus will see a drastic reduction in congestion, moreover, its carbon footprint will reduce.

Micro-mobility is relatively new though and you would need help. You would need to select an appropriate fleet of vehicles. The people on your campus would need to find electric scooters or electric bikes for commuting, and you need to provide a solution for this.

To be more specific, you need a short-term electric bike rental app. With such an app, you will be able to easily offer micro-mobility to the people on the campus. We at Devathon have built Autorent exactly for this.

What does Autorent do and how can it help you? How does it enable you to introduce micro-mobility on your campus? We explain these in this article, however, we will touch upon a few basics first.

Micro-mobility: What it is

You are probably thinking about micro-mobility relatively recently, aren’t you? A few relevant insights about it could help you to better appreciate its importance.

Micro-mobility is a new trend in transportation, and it uses vehicles that are considerably smaller than cars. Electric scooters (e-scooters) and electric bikes (e-bikes) are the most popular forms of micro-mobility, however, there are also e-unicycles and e-skateboards.

You might have already seen e-scooters, which are kick scooters that come with a motor. Thanks to its motor, an e-scooter can achieve a speed of up to 20 km/h. On the other hand, e-bikes are popular in China and Japan, and they come with a motor, and you can reach a speed of 40 km/h.

You obviously can’t use these vehicles for very long commutes, however, what if you need to travel a short distance? Even if you have a reasonable public transport facility in the city, it might not cover the route you need to take. Take the example of a large university campus. Such a campus is often at a considerable distance from the central business district of the city where it’s located. While public transport facilities may serve the central business district, they wouldn’t serve this large campus. Currently, many people drive their cars even for short distances.

As you know, that brings its own set of challenges. Vehicular traffic adds significantly to pollution, moreover, finding a parking spot can be hard in crowded urban districts.

Well, you can reduce your carbon footprint if you use an electric car. However, electric cars are still new, and many countries are still building the necessary infrastructure for them. Your large campus might not have the necessary infrastructure for them either. Presently, electric cars don’t represent a viable option in most geographies.

As a result, you need to buy and maintain a car even if your commute is short. In addition to dealing with parking problems, you need to spend significantly on your car.

All of these factors have combined to make people sit up and think seriously about cars. Many people are now seriously considering whether a car is really the best option even if they have to commute only a short distance.

This is where micro-mobility enters the picture. When you commute a short distance regularly, e-scooters or e-bikes are viable options. You limit your carbon footprints and you cut costs!

Businesses have seen this shift in thinking, and e-scooter companies like Lime and Bird have entered this field in a big way. They let you rent e-scooters by the minute. On the other hand, start-ups like Jump and Lyft have entered the e-bike market.

Think of your campus now! The people there might need to travel short distances within the campus, and e-scooters can really help them.

How micro-mobility can benefit you

What advantages can you get from micro-mobility? Let’s take a deeper look into this question.

Micro-mobility can offer several advantages to the people on your campus, e.g.:

• Affordability: Shared e-scooters are cheaper than other mass transportation options. Remember that the people on your campus will use them on a shared basis, and they will pay for their short commutes only. Well, depending on your operating model, you might even let them use shared e-scooters or e-bikes for free!
• Convenience: Users don’t need to worry about finding parking spots for shared e-scooters since these are small. They can easily travel from point A to point B on your campus with the help of these e-scooters.
• Environmentally sustainable: Shared e-scooters reduce the carbon footprint, moreover, they decongest the roads. Statistics from the pilot programs in cities like Portland and Denver showimpressive gains around this key aspect.
• Safety: This one’s obvious, isn’t it? When people on your campus use small e-scooters or e-bikes instead of cars, the problem of overspeeding will disappear. you will see fewer accidents.

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Cracking the Amazon Interview

Image courtesy of the author

Landing a job at Amazon is a dream for many developers around the globe. Amazon is one of the largest companies in the world, with a workforce over half a million strong. Amazon is hiring at a rapid rate with a unique hiring process that emphasizes company culture and leadership principles. Today, I will walk through everything you need to crack an Amazon interview, including coding questions and a step-by-step preparation guide.

Today we will go over the following:

• 45 common Amazon coding interview questions
• Overview of Amazon coding interviews
• How to prepare for a coding interview
• Wrapping up

Image courtesy of the author

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45 Common Amazon Coding Interview Questions

1. Find the missing number in the array

You are given an array of positive numbers from 1 to n, such that all numbers from 1 to n are present except one number x. You have to find x. The input array is not sorted. Look at the below array and view the solution in Python. Click here to view the solution in C++, Java, JavaScript, and Ruby.

def find_missing(input):

# calculate sum of all elements
# in input list
sum_of_elements = sum(input)
# There is exactly 1 number missing
n = len(input) + 1
actual_sum = (n * ( n + 1 ) ) / 2
return actual_sum - sum_of_elements
def test(n):
 missing_element = random.randint(1, n)
 v = []
 for i in range(1, n):
 if i != missing_element:
    v.append(i)
actual_missing = find_missing(v)
print("Expected Missing = ", missing_element, " Actual Missing = ", actual_missing)
assert missing_element == actual_missing
def main():
   for n in range(1, 10):
   test(1000000)
main()

Runtime Complexity: Linear, O(n)

Memory Complexity: Constant, O(1)

A naive solution is to simply search for every integer between 1 and n in the input array, stopping the search as soon as there is a missing number. But we can do better. Here is a linear, O(n) solution that uses the arithmetic series sum formula.​​ Here are the steps to find the missing number:

• Find the sum sum_of_elements of all the numbers in the array. This would require a linear scan, O(n).
• Then find the sum expected_sum of first n numbers using the arithmetic series sum formula
• The difference between these, i.e., expected_sum - sum_of_elements, is the missing number in the array.

2. Determine if the sum of two integers is equal to the given value

Given an array of integers and a value, determine if there are any two integers in the array whose sum is equal to the given value. Return true if the sum exists and return false if it does not. Consider this array and the target sums. Click here to view the solution in C++, Java, JavaScript, and Ruby.

def find_sum_of_two(A, val):
  found_values = set()
  for a in A:
     if val - a in found_values:
        return True
     found_values.add(a)
return False
v = [5, 7, 1, 2, 8, 4, 3]
test = [3, 20, 1, 2, 7]
for i in range(len(test)):
  output = find_sum_of_two(v, test[i])
  print("find_sum_of_two(v, " + str(test[i]) + ") = " + str(output))

Runtime Complexity: Linear, O(n)

Memory Complexity: Linear, O(n)

You can use the following algorithm to find a pair that add up to the target (say, val).

• Scan the whole array once and store visited elements in a hash set.
• During scan, for every element e in the array, we check if val - e is present in the hash set, i.e., val - e is already visited.
• If val - e is found in the hash set, it means there is a pair (e, val - e) in the array whose sum is equal to the given val.
• If we have exhausted all elements in the array and didn’t find any such pair, the function will return false.

3. Merge two sorted linked lists

Given two sorted linked lists, merge them so that the resulting linked list is also sorted. Consider two sorted linked lists and the merged list below them as an example. Click here to view the solution in C++, Java, JavaScript, and Ruby.

def merge_sorted(head1, head2):
  # if both lists are empty then merged list is also empty
  # if one of the lists is empty then other is the merged list
if head1 == None: 
   return head2
elif head2 == None:
   return head1
mergedHead = None;
if head1.data <= head2.data:
   mergedHead = head1
   head1 = head1.next
else:
   mergedHead = head2
   head2 = head2.next
mergedTail = mergedHead
while head1 != None and head2 != None:
   temp = None
   if head1.data <= head2.data:
   temp = head1
   head1 = head1.next
else:
   temp = head2
   head2 = head2.next
 mergedTail.next = temp
 mergedTail = temp
if head1 != None:
   mergedTail.next = head1
elif head2 != None:
   mergedTail.next = head2
return mergedHead
array1 = [2, 3, 5, 6]
array2 = [1, 4, 10]
list_head1 = create_linked_list(array1)
print("Original1:")
display (list_head1)
list_head2 = create_linked_list(array2)
print("\nOriginal2:")
display (list_head2)
new_head = merge_sorted(list_head1, list_head2)
print("\nMerged:")
display(new_head)

Runtime Complexity: Linear, O(m+n) where m and n are lengths of both linked lists

Memory Complexity: Constant, O(1)

Maintain a head and a tail pointer on the merged linked list. Then choose the head of the merged linked list by comparing the first node of both linked lists. For all subsequent nodes in both lists, you choose the smaller current node, link it to the tail of the merged list, and move the current pointer of that list one step forward.

Continue this while there are some remaining elements in both the lists. If there are still some elements in only one of the lists, you link this remaining list to the tail of the merged list. Initially, the merged linked list is NULL.

Compare the value of the first two nodes and make the node with the smaller value the head node of the merged linked list. In this example, it is 4 from head1. Since it’s the first and only node in the merged list, it will also be the tail. Then move head1 one step forward.

4. Copy linked list with arbitrary pointer

You are given a linked list where the node has two pointers. The first is the regular next pointer. The second pointer is called arbitrary_pointer, and it can point to any node in the linked list. Your job is to write code to make a deep copy of the given linked list. Here, deep copy means that any operations on the original list should not affect the copied list. Click here to view the solution in C++, Java, JavaScript, and Ruby.

def deep_copy_arbitrary_pointer(head):
  if head == None:
    return None

current = head;
new_head = None
new_prev = None
ht = dict()
# create copy of the linked list, recording the corresponding
# nodes in hashmap without updating arbitrary pointer
while current != None:
   new_node = LinkedListNode(current.data)
# copy the old arbitrary pointer in the new node
   new_node.arbitrary = current.arbitrary;
if new_prev != None:
   new_prev.next = new_node
else:
   new_head = new_node
ht[current] = new_node
   new_prev = new_node
   current = current.next
new_current = new_head
# updating arbitrary pointer
while new_current != None:
  if new_current.arbitrary != None:
    node = ht[new_current.arbitrary]
    new_current.arbitrary = node
  new_current = new_current.next
return new_head
def create_linked_list_with_arb_pointers(length):
  head = create_random_list(length)
  v = []
  temp = head
  while temp != None:
    v.append(temp)
    temp = temp.next
  for i in range(0, len(v)):
    j = random.randint(0, len(v) - 1)
    p = random.randint(0, 100)
    if p < 75:
      v[i].arbitrary = v[j]
return head

Runtime Complexity: Linear, O(n)

Memory Complexity: Linear, O(n)

This approach uses a map to track arbitrary nodes pointed by the original list. You will create a deep copy of the original linked list (say list_orig) in two passes.

• In the first pass, create a copy of the original linked list. While creating this copy, use the same values for data and arbitrary_pointer in the new list. Also, keep updating the map with entries where the key is the address to the old node and the value is the address of the new node.
• Once the copy has been created, do another pass on the copied linked list and update arbitrary pointers to the new address using the map created in the first pass.

5. Level order traversal of binary tree

Given the root of a binary tree, display the node values at each level. Node values for all levels should be displayed on separate lines. Let’s take a look at the below binary tree. Click here to view the solution in C++, Java, JavaScript, and Ruby.

# Using two queues

def level_order_traversal_1(root):
  if root == None:
    return
  queues = [deque(), deque()]
  current_queue = queues[0]
  next_queue = queues[1]
  current_queue.append(root)
  level_number = 0
while current_queue:
   temp = current_queue.popleft()
   print(str(temp.data) , end = " ")
   if temp.left != None:
     next_queue.append(temp.left)
  if temp.right != None:
     next_queue.append(temp.right)
  if not current_queue:
     print()
     level_number += 1
     current_queue = queues[level_number % 2]
     next_queue = queues[(level_number + 1) % 2]
 print()
arr = [100,50,200,25,75,350]
root = create_BST(arr)
print("InOrder Traversal:", end = "")
display_inorder(root)
print("\nLevel Order Traversal:\n", end = "")
level_order_traversal_1(root)

Runtime Complexity: Linear, O(n)

Memory Complexity: Linear, O(n)

Here you are using two queues: current_queue and next_queue. You push the nodes in both queues alternately based on the current level number.

You’ll dequeue nodes from the current_queue, print the node’s data, and enqueue the node’s children to the next_queue. Once the current_queue becomes empty, you have processed all nodes for the current level_number. To indicate the new level, print a line break (\n), swap the two queues, and continue with the above-mentioned logic.

After printing the leaf nodes from the current_queue, swap current_queue and next_queue. Since the current_queue would be empty, you can terminate the loop.

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