Examples of Machine Learning (ML)

Machine learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that involves the development of algorithms that can learn from and make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed. There are many different types of machine learning, including supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. Here are a few examples of machine learning in action:

• Image recognition: One of the most well-known applications of machine learning is image recognition, which involves training a model to identify objects, people, or scenes in images. For example, a photo-sharing app like Instagram uses image recognition to automatically tag images with relevant keywords.
• Speech recognition: Machine learning is also widely used in speech recognition systems, such as the Siri or Alexa on smartphones and home devices. These systems use machine learning algorithms to convert spoken words into text, which can then be used to perform tasks like setting reminders or searching the internet.
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TS-mockito: Mocking Library for TypeScript

TS-mockito

Mocking library for TypeScript inspired by http://mockito.org/

1.x to 2.x migration guide

1.x to 2.x migration guide

Main features

• Strongly typed
• IDE autocomplete
• Mock creation (mock) (also abstract classes) #example
• Spying on real objects (spy) #example
• Changing mock behavior (when) via:
  • thenReturn - return value #example
  • thenThrow - throw an error #example
  • thenCall - call custom method #example
  • thenResolve - resolve promise #example
  • thenReject - rejects promise #example
• Checking if methods were called with given arguments (verify)
  • anything, notNull, anyString, anyOfClass etc. - for more flexible comparision
  • once, twice, times, atLeast etc. - allows call count verification #example
  • calledBefore, calledAfter - allows call order verification #example
• Resetting mock (reset, resetCalls) #example, #example
• Capturing arguments passed to method (capture) #example
• Recording multiple behaviors #example
• Readable error messages (ex. 'Expected "convertNumberToString(strictEqual(3))" to be called 2 time(s). But has been called 1 time(s).')

Installation

npm install ts-mockito --save-dev

Usage

Basics

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// Getting instance from mock
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// Using instance in source code
foo.getBar(3);
foo.getBar(5);

// Explicit, readable verification
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(3)).called();
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(anything())).called();

Stubbing method calls

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// stub method before execution
when(mockedFoo.getBar(3)).thenReturn('three');

// Getting instance
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// prints three
console.log(foo.getBar(3));

// prints null, because "getBar(999)" was not stubbed
console.log(foo.getBar(999));

Stubbing getter value

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// stub getter before execution
when(mockedFoo.sampleGetter).thenReturn('three');

// Getting instance
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// prints three
console.log(foo.sampleGetter);

Stubbing property values that have no getters

Syntax is the same as with getter values.

Please note, that stubbing properties that don't have getters only works if Proxy object is available (ES6).

Call count verification

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// Getting instance
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// Some calls
foo.getBar(1);
foo.getBar(2);
foo.getBar(2);
foo.getBar(3);

// Call count verification
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).once();               // was called with arg === 1 only once
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(2)).twice();              // was called with arg === 2 exactly two times
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(between(2, 3))).thrice(); // was called with arg between 2-3 exactly three times
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(anyNumber()).times(4);    // was called with any number arg exactly four times
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(2)).atLeast(2);           // was called with arg === 2 min two times
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(anything())).atMost(4);   // was called with any argument max four times
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(4)).never();              // was never called with arg === 4

Call order verification

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);
let mockedBar:Bar = mock(Bar);

// Getting instance
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);
let bar:Bar = instance(mockedBar);

// Some calls
foo.getBar(1);
bar.getFoo(2);

// Call order verification
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).calledBefore(mockedBar.getFoo(2));    // foo.getBar(1) has been called before bar.getFoo(2)
verify(mockedBar.getFoo(2)).calledAfter(mockedFoo.getBar(1));    // bar.getFoo(2) has been called before foo.getBar(1)
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).calledBefore(mockedBar.getFoo(999999));    // throws error (mockedBar.getFoo(999999) has never been called)

Throwing errors

let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

when(mockedFoo.getBar(10)).thenThrow(new Error('fatal error'));

let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);
try {
    foo.getBar(10);
} catch (error:Error) {
    console.log(error.message); // 'fatal error'
}

Custom function

You can also stub method with your own implementation

let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

when(mockedFoo.sumTwoNumbers(anyNumber(), anyNumber())).thenCall((arg1:number, arg2:number) => {
    return arg1 * arg2; 
});

// prints '50' because we've changed sum method implementation to multiply!
console.log(foo.sumTwoNumbers(5, 10));

Resolving / rejecting promises

You can also stub method to resolve / reject promise

let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

when(mockedFoo.fetchData("a")).thenResolve({id: "a", value: "Hello world"});
when(mockedFoo.fetchData("b")).thenReject(new Error("b does not exist"));

Resetting mock calls

You can reset just mock call counter

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// Getting instance
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// Some calls
foo.getBar(1);
foo.getBar(1);
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).twice();      // getBar with arg "1" has been called twice

// Reset mock
resetCalls(mockedFoo);

// Call count verification
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).never();      // has never been called after reset

You can also reset calls of multiple mocks at once resetCalls(firstMock, secondMock, thirdMock)

Resetting mock

Or reset mock call counter with all stubs

// Creating mock
let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);
when(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).thenReturn("one").

// Getting instance
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// Some calls
console.log(foo.getBar(1));               // "one" - as defined in stub
console.log(foo.getBar(1));               // "one" - as defined in stub
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).twice();      // getBar with arg "1" has been called twice

// Reset mock
reset(mockedFoo);

// Call count verification
verify(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).never();      // has never been called after reset
console.log(foo.getBar(1));               // null - previously added stub has been removed

You can also reset multiple mocks at once reset(firstMock, secondMock, thirdMock)

Capturing method arguments

let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);
let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

// Call method
foo.sumTwoNumbers(1, 2);

// Check first arg captor values
const [firstArg, secondArg] = capture(mockedFoo.sumTwoNumbers).last();
console.log(firstArg);    // prints 1
console.log(secondArg);    // prints 2

You can also get other calls using first(), second(), byCallIndex(3) and more...

Recording multiple behaviors

You can set multiple returning values for same matching values

const mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

when(mockedFoo.getBar(anyNumber())).thenReturn('one').thenReturn('two').thenReturn('three');

const foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // one
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // two
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // three
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // three - last defined behavior will be repeated infinitely

Another example with specific values

let mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

when(mockedFoo.getBar(1)).thenReturn('one').thenReturn('another one');
when(mockedFoo.getBar(2)).thenReturn('two');

let foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // one
console.log(foo.getBar(2));    // two
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // another one
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // another one - this is last defined behavior for arg '1' so it will be repeated
console.log(foo.getBar(2));    // two
console.log(foo.getBar(2));    // two - this is last defined behavior for arg '2' so it will be repeated

Short notation:

const mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// You can specify return values as multiple thenReturn args
when(mockedFoo.getBar(anyNumber())).thenReturn('one', 'two', 'three');

const foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);

console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // one
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // two
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // three
console.log(foo.getBar(1));    // three - last defined behavior will be repeated infinity

Possible errors:

const mockedFoo:Foo = mock(Foo);

// When multiple matchers, matches same result:
when(mockedFoo.getBar(anyNumber())).thenReturn('one');
when(mockedFoo.getBar(3)).thenReturn('one');

const foo:Foo = instance(mockedFoo);
foo.getBar(3); // MultipleMatchersMatchSameStubError will be thrown, two matchers match same method call

Mocking interfaces

You can mock interfaces too, just instead of passing type to mock function, set mock function generic type Mocking interfaces requires Proxy implementation

let mockedFoo:Foo = mock<FooInterface>(); // instead of mock(FooInterface)
const foo: SampleGeneric<FooInterface> = instance(mockedFoo);

Mocking types

You can mock abstract classes

const mockedFoo: SampleAbstractClass = mock(SampleAbstractClass);
const foo: SampleAbstractClass = instance(mockedFoo);

You can also mock generic classes, but note that generic type is just needed by mock type definition

const mockedFoo: SampleGeneric<SampleInterface> = mock(SampleGeneric);
const foo: SampleGeneric<SampleInterface> = instance(mockedFoo);

Spying on real objects

You can partially mock an existing instance:

const foo: Foo = new Foo();
const spiedFoo = spy(foo);

when(spiedFoo.getBar(3)).thenReturn('one');

console.log(foo.getBar(3)); // 'one'
console.log(foo.getBaz()); // call to a real method

You can spy on plain objects too:

const foo = { bar: () => 42 };
const spiedFoo = spy(foo);

foo.bar();

console.log(capture(spiedFoo.bar).last()); // [42] 

Thanks

• Szczepan Faber (https://www.linkedin.com/in/szczepiq)
• Sebastian Konkol (https://www.linkedin.com/in/sebastiankonkol)
• Clickmeeting (http://clickmeeting.com)
• Michał Stocki (https://github.com/michalstocki)
• Łukasz Bendykowski (https://github.com/viman)
• Andrey Ermakov (https://github.com/dreef3)
• Markus Ende (https://github.com/Markus-Ende)
• Thomas Hilzendegen (https://github.com/thomashilzendegen)
• Johan Blumenberg (https://github.com/johanblumenberg)

---

Download Details:

Author: NagRock
Source Code: https://github.com/NagRock/ts-mockito 
License: MIT license

#typescript #testing #mock 

Hire Machine Learning Developer | Hire ML Experts in India

Machine learning applications are a staple of modern business in this digital age as they allow them to perform tasks on a scale and scope previously impossible to accomplish.Businesses from different domains realize the importance of incorporating machine learning in business processes.Today this trending technology transforming almost every single industry ,business from different industry domains hire dedicated machine learning developers for skyrocket the business growth.Following are the applications of machine learning in different industry domains.

Transportation industry

Machine learning is one of the technologies that have already begun their promising marks in the transportation industry.Autonomous Vehicles,Smartphone Apps,Traffic Management Solutions,Law Enforcement,Passenger Transportation etc are the applications of AI and ML in the transportation industry.Following challenges in the transportation industry can be solved by machine learning and Artificial Intelligence.

• ML and AI can offer high security in the transportation industry.
• It offers high reliability of their services or vehicles.
• The adoption of this technology in the transportation industry can increase the efficiency of the service.
• In the transportation industry ML helps scientists and engineers come up with far more environmentally sustainable methods for powering and operating vehicles and machinery for travel and transport.

Healthcare industry

Technology-enabled smart healthcare is the latest trend in the healthcare industry. Different areas of healthcare, such as patient care, medical records, billing, alternative models of staffing, IP capitalization, smart healthcare, and administrative and supply cost reduction. Hire dedicated machine learning developers for any of the following applications.

• Identifying Diseases and Diagnosis
• Drug Discovery and Manufacturing
• Medical Imaging Diagnosis
• Personalized Medicine
• Machine Learning-based Behavioral Modification
• Smart Health Records
• Clinical Trial and Research
• Better Radiotherapy
• Crowdsourced Data Collection
• Outbreak Prediction

**
Finance industry**

In financial industries organizations like banks, fintech, regulators and insurance are Adopting machine learning to improve their facilities.Following are the use cases of machine learning in finance.

• Fraud prevention
• Risk management
• Investment predictions
• Customer service
• Digital assistants
• Marketing
• Network security
• Loan underwriting
• Algorithmic trading
• Process automation
• Document interpretation
• Content creation
• Trade settlements
• Money-laundering prevention
• Custom machine learning solutions

Education industry

Education industry is one of the industries which is investing in machine learning as it offers more efficient and easierlearning.AdaptiveLearning,IncreasingEfficiency,Learning Analytics,Predictive Analytics,Personalized Learning,Evaluating Assessments etc are the applications of machine learning in the education industry.

Outsource your machine learning solution to India,India is the best outsourcing destination offering best in class high performing tasks at an affordable price.Business** hire dedicated machine learning developers in India for making your machine learning app idea into reality.
**
Future of machine learning
Continuous technological advances are bound to hit the field of machine learning, which will shape the future of machine learning as an intensively evolving language.

• Improved Unsupervised Algorithms
• Increased Adoption of Quantum Computing
• Enhanced Personalization
• Improved Cognitive Services
• Rise of Robots

**Conclusion
**
Today most of the business from different industries are hire machine learning developers in India and achieve their business goals. This technology may have multiple applications, and, interestingly, it hasn’t even started yet but having taken such a massive leap, it also opens up so many possibilities in the existing business models in such a short period of time. There is no question that the increase of machine learning also brings the demand for mobile apps, so most companies and agencies employ Android developers and hire iOS developers to incorporate machine learning features into them.

#hire machine learning developers in india #hire dedicated machine learning developers in india #hire machine learning programmers in india #hire machine learning programmers #hire dedicated machine learning developers #hire machine learning developers

5 Latest Technology Trends of Machine Learning for 2021

Check out the 5 latest technologies of machine learning trends to boost business growth in 2021 by considering the best version of digital development tools. It is the right time to accelerate user experience by bringing advancement in their lifestyle.

#machinelearningapps #machinelearningdevelopers #machinelearningexpert #machinelearningexperts #expertmachinelearningservices #topmachinelearningcompanies #machinelearningdevelopmentcompany

Visit Blog- https://www.xplace.com/article/8743

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Python Packages in SQL Server – Get Started with SQL Server Machine Learning Services

Introduction

When installing Machine Learning Services in SQL Server by default few Python Packages are installed. In this article, we will have a look on how to get those installed python package information.

Python Packages

When we choose Python as Machine Learning Service during installation, the following packages are installed in SQL Server,

• revoscalepy – This Microsoft Python package is used for remote compute contexts, streaming, parallel execution of rx functions for data import and transformation, modeling, visualization, and analysis.
• microsoftml – This is another Microsoft Python package which adds machine learning algorithms in Python.
• Anaconda 4.2 – Anaconda is an opensource Python package

#machine learning #sql server #executing python in sql server #machine learning using python #machine learning with sql server #ml in sql server using python #python in sql server ml #python packages #python packages for machine learning services #sql server machine learning services

How To Get Started With Machine Learning With The Right Mindset

You got intrigued by the machine learning world and wanted to get started as soon as possible, read all the articles, watched all the videos, but still isn’t sure about where to start, welcome to the club.

Before we dive into the machine learning world, you should take a step back and think, what is stopping you from getting started? If you think about it, most of the time, we presuppose things about ourselves and assume that to be true without question.

The most normal presumption that we make about ourselves is that we need to have prior knowledge before getting started. Get a degree, complete a course, or have a good understanding of a particular subject.

The truth is that most of the time, this is a lie, the prior knowledge you think you need is most of the time not required or is so big that even experts from the field don’t fully understand it. The Seek of this prior knowledge is a trap that will make you run in circles, which leads us to the next presumption.

The perfect condition, you can’t wait for the ideal environment or situation to get started, things will never be 100% ready, try and fail, then try again. It takes a lot of time to get good at machine learning; you won’t learn all at once and especially at the beginning.

Instead of trying to acknowledge everything before getting started, do a little bit every day; you can make significant progress by creating small things every day for a considerable amount of time. The perfect condition will never exist, do it in your path, be consistent with it, and the results will come.

After you start making little progress every day, you probably will end up having a struggle with something or failing to achieve your goal at a certain point. This feeling is tough; it’s hard to see yourself not making any progress, not having any sense of gratification, and then still not give up.

Machine learning is hard, it might take you a few weeks, months or even years to see progress in a certain point but isn’t any harder than any other technical skill, it requires repetition and dedication to get where you want, you need to test it, make a mistake and learn from i

#machine-learning #artificial-intelligence #python-machine-learning #learn-machine-learning #latest-tech-stories #machine-learning-uses #ml-top-story #ai-and-ml