1595556000
Modular: The “Must” Foundations to Improve your Python Code and Carrer
“Any fool can write code that a computer can understand. Good programmers write code that humans can understand.”
Martin Fowler
We all know that during the rush of the development process, we are generally more focused on making our program work than making it fully readable. This situation becomes even more complicated when we face a problem never seen before and have a tight deadline to deliver the work. Sometimes we have to appeal to Stack Overflow to find a solution or take some time to read all similar questions until finding a new idea of how to work around the problem.
“When your program is a complete mess, but it does it’s job.”
Source: kéké at tumblr
I use Stack Overflow a lot, but at least for me, the time I spent looking for a solution reduced the time (a hard and long one) I generally take to make my code cleaner and readable. If this happens to you too, maybe it’s because we are focusing more on “how to solve” than makes it accessible to other developers, well…** we want to make it work! **And even though we had time to format and document some things, who never spent a few hours trying to understand some code from years ago? The reason for this is simple, writing clean and readable code is a hard and tiring thing, but we should always think about the following sentence from the great “Uncle Bob”:
“The ratio of time spent reading versus writing is well over 10 to 1. We are constantly reading old code as part of the effort to write new code. …[Therefore,] making it easy to read makes it easier to write.”
_Robert C. Martin, _Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship
We must put in our minds that as developers, programmers, software engineers, data scientists, and so on, our real audience is not computers, but other programmers (including ourselves). As the sentence from Uncle Bob defines, we usually spend more time reading documentation or other people code than making new ones, so why not spend more time on this part (however tiring it may be) and help you or others in the future?
Source: Thom Holwerda at OSNews Comics
It will not only make you a better programmer, but it will also help with the scalability and maintainability of your product, also reducing the number of bugs (this is real) and the system complexity/risks reduction to changes or additions. If none of this is enough for you, I can give you one more thought to change old habits!
“Always code as if the guy who ends up maintaining your code will be a violent psychopath who knows where you live.”
John F. Woods
Let’s see some ways on how to do this then? Below is a summary of some methodologies to achieve high-quality and clean code.
Refactoring
Source: Randall Munroe at XKCD
Refactoring is a way to restructure your code to improve its internal structure without changing its external functionality. The mindset behind this is: Did you manage to make it work? Go back to the beginning, clear, and modularize your program! It may seem like a waste of time to do this right at the beginning when you have several features to add, but doing this at steps will give you the following advantages:
- Reduce workload in the long run;
- Easier to maintain the code;
- Increase reusability;
- Decrease the time it takes to do this in the future or at new projects (the more you do, faster you will become in this activity)
- If you try to do a better job than the previous refactoring, you will surely master this skill soon;
- This skill is highly valuable in the job market and will highlight your profile (just look at “Desired to Have” Job Posts at LinkedIn or Indeed)
OK! I understand the advantages of refactoring, but how do I do this? It’s simple, here are some ways to achieve this:
- First, try to understand how Code Complexity works in Python and the metrics of measuring this complexity (Lines of Code, Cyclomatic Complexity, Halstead Metrics, Maintainability Index, e.g.);
- Knowing how complexity works, the most you will have to do now is to rename names, modules, functions, classes, methods and check if you applied some procedural programming in your code;
- Finally, check for some complexity anti-patterns…. voilá your program will now shine!
If you want to go deeper into the topic, here is an excellent article that explains step by step how to achieve refactoring in Python, and here is a compilation of some Code Metrics available! If you prefer books, I advise the following:
- Python Anti-Patterns_ (AWS);_
- Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code_ (Martin Fowler);_
Some good video lectures or workshops:
- Measuring Python code complexity with wily_ (PyCon 2019);_
- Refactoring Python: Why and how to restructure your code_ (PyCon 2016)._
#data-science #refactoring #software-development #python #clean-code #visual studio code
What is GEEK
Buddha Community
1675304280
How to Use Hotwire Rails
Introduction
We are back with another exciting and much-talked-about Rails tutorial on how to use Hotwire with the Rails application. This Hotwire Rails tutorial is an alternate method for building modern web applications that consume a pinch of JavaScript.
Rails 7 Hotwire is the default front-end framework shipped with Rails 7 after it was launched. It is used to represent HTML over the wire in the Rails application. Previously, we used to add a hotwire-rails gem in our gem file and then run rails hotwire: install. However, with the introduction of Rails 7, the gem got deprecated. Now, we use turbo-rails and stimulus rails directly, which work as Hotwire’s SPA-like page accelerator and Hotwire’s modest JavaScript framework.
What is Hotwire?
Hotwire is a package of different frameworks that help to build applications. It simplifies the developer’s work for writing web pages without the need to write JavaScript, and instead sending HTML code over the wire.
Introduction to The Hotwire Framework:
1. Turbo:
It uses simplified techniques to build web applications while decreasing the usage of JavaScript in the application. Turbo offers numerous handling methods for the HTML data sent over the wire and displaying the application’s data without actually loading the entire page. It helps to maintain the simplicity of web applications without destroying the single-page application experience by using the below techniques:
Turbo Frames: Turbo Frames help to load the different sections of our markup without any dependency as it divides the page into different contexts separately called frames and updates these frames individually.
Turbo Drive: Every link doesn’t have to make the entire page reload when clicked. Only the HTML contained within the tag will be displayed.
Turbo Streams: To add real-time features to the application, this technique is used. It helps to bring real-time data to the application using CRUD actions.
2. Stimulus
It represents the JavaScript framework, which is required when JS is a requirement in the application. The interaction with the HTML is possible with the help of a stimulus, as the controllers that help those interactions are written by a stimulus.
3. Strada
Not much information is available about Strada as it has not been officially released yet. However, it works with native applications, and by using HTML bridge attributes, interaction is made possible between web applications and native apps.
Simple diagrammatic representation of Hotwire Stack:
Prerequisites For Hotwire Rails Tutorial
As we are implementing the Ruby on Rails Hotwire tutorial, make sure about the following installations before you can get started.
- Ruby on Rails
- Hotwire gem
- PostgreSQL/SQLite (choose any one database)
- Turbo Rails
- Stimulus.js
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Create a new Rails Project
Find the following commands to create a rails application.
mkdir ~/projects/railshotwire
cd ~/projects/railshotwire
echo "source 'https://rubygems.org'" > Gemfile
echo "gem 'rails', '~> 7.0.0'" >> Gemfile
bundle install
bundle exec rails new . --force -d=postgresqlNow create some files for the project, up till now no usage of Rails Hotwire can be seen.
Fire the following command in your terminal.
- For creating a default controller for the application
echo "class HomeController < ApplicationController" > app/controllers/home_controller.rb
echo "end" >> app/controllers/home_controller.rb- For creating another controller for the application
echo "class OtherController < ApplicationController" > app/controllers/other_controller.rb
echo "end" >> app/controllers/home_controller.rb- For creating routes for the application
echo "Rails.application.routes.draw do" > config/routes.rb
echo ' get "home/index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo ' get "other/index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo ' root to: "home#index"' >> config/routes.rb
echo 'end' >> config/routes.rb- For creating a default view for the application
mkdir app/views/home
echo '<h1>This is Rails Hotwire homepage</h1>' > app/views/home/index.html.erb
echo '<div><%= link_to "Enter to other page", other_index_path %></div>' >> app/views/home/index.html.erb
- For creating another view for the application
mkdir app/views/other
echo '<h1>This is Another page</h1>' > app/views/other/index.html.erb
echo '<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>' >> app/views/other/index.html.erb
- For creating a database and schema.rb file for the application
bin/rails db:create
bin/rails db:migrate- For checking the application run bin/rails s and open your browser, your running application will have the below view.
Additionally, you can clone the code and browse through the project. Here’s the source code of the repository: Rails 7 Hotwire application
Now, let’s see how Hotwire Rails can work its magic with various Turbo techniques.
Hotwire Rails: Turbo Drive
Go to your localhost:3000 on your web browser and right-click on the Inspect and open a Network tab of the DevTools of the browser.
Now click on go to another page link that appears on the home page to redirect from the home page to another page. In our Network tab, we can see that this action of navigation is achieved via XHR. It appears only the part inside HTML is reloaded, here neither the CSS is reloaded nor the JS is reloaded when the navigation action is performed.
By performing this action we can see that Turbo Drive helps to represent the HTML response without loading the full page and only follows redirect and reindeer HTML responses which helps to make the application faster to access.
Hotwire Rails: Turbo Frame
This technique helps to divide the current page into different sections called frames that can be updated separately independently when new data is added from the server.
Below we discuss the different use cases of Turbo frame like inline edition, sorting, searching, and filtering of data.
Let’s perform some practical actions to see the example of these use cases.
Make changes in the app/controllers/home_controller.rb file
#CODE
class HomeController < ApplicationController
def turbo_frame_form
end
def turbo_frame submit
extracted_anynumber = params[:any][:anynumber]
render :turbo_frame_form, status: :ok, locals: {anynumber: extracted_anynumber, comment: 'turbo_frame_submit ok' }
end
end
Add app/views/home/turbo_frame_form.html.erb file to the application and add this content inside the file.
#CODE
<section>
<%= turbo_frame_tag 'anyframe' do %>
<div>
<h2>Frame view</h2>
<%= form_with scope: :any, url: turbo_frame_submit_path, local: true do |form| %>
<%= form.label :anynumber, 'Type an integer (odd or even)', 'class' => 'my-0 d-inline' %>
<%= form.text_field :anynumber, type: 'number', 'required' => 'true', 'value' => "#{local_assigns[:anynumber] || 0}", 'aria-describedby' => 'anynumber' %>
<%= form.submit 'Submit this number', 'id' => 'submit-number' %>
<% end %>
</div>
<div>
<h2>Data of the view</h2>
<pre style="font-size: .7rem;"><%= JSON.pretty_generate(local_assigns) %></pre>
</div>
<% end %>
</section>
Make some adjustments in routes.rb
#CODE
Rails.application.routes.draw do
get 'home/index'
get 'other/index'
get '/home/turbo_frame_form' => 'home#turbo_frame_form', as: 'turbo_frame_form'
post '/home/turbo_frame_submit' => 'home#turbo_frame_submit', as: 'turbo_frame_submit'
root to: "home#index"
end- Next step is to change homepage view in app/views/home/index.html.erb
#CODE
<h1>This is Rails Hotwire home page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to other page", other_index_path %></div>
<%= turbo_frame_tag 'anyframe' do %>
<div>
<h2>Home view</h2>
<%= form_with scope: :any, url: turbo_frame_submit_path, local: true do |form| %>
<%= form.label :anynumber, 'Type an integer (odd or even)', 'class' => 'my-0 d-inline' %>
<%= form.text_field :anynumber, type: 'number', 'required' => 'true', 'value' => "#{local_assigns[:anynumber] || 0}", 'aria-describedby' => 'anynumber' %>
<%= form.submit 'Submit this number', 'id' => 'submit-number' %>
<% end %>
<div>
<% end %>
After making all the changes, restart the rails server and refresh the browser, the default view will appear on the browser.
Now in the field enter any digit, after entering the digit click on submit button, and as the submit button is clicked we can see the Turbo Frame in action in the below screen, we can observe that the frame part changed, the first title and first link didn’t move.
Hotwire Rails: Turbo Streams
Turbo Streams deliver page updates over WebSocket, SSE or in response to form submissions by only using HTML and a series of CRUD-like operations, you are free to say that either
- Update the piece of HTML while responding to all the other actions like the post, put, patch, and delete except the GET action.
- Transmit a change to all users, without reloading the browser page.
This transmit can be represented by a simple example.
- Make changes in app/controllers/other_controller.rb file of rails application
#CODE
class OtherController < ApplicationController
def post_something
respond_to do |format|
format.turbo_stream { }
end
end
end
Add the below line in routes.rb file of the application
#CODE
post '/other/post_something' => 'other#post_something', as: 'post_something'
Superb! Rails will now attempt to locate the app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template at any moment the ‘/other/post_something’ endpoint is reached.
For this, we need to add app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template in the rails application.
#CODE
<turbo-stream action="append" target="messages">
<template>
<div id="message_1">This changes the existing message!</div>
</template>
</turbo-stream>
This states that the response will try to append the template of the turbo frame with ID “messages”.
Now change the index.html.erb file in app/views/other paths with the below content.
#CODE
<h1>This is Another page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>
<div style="margin-top: 3rem;">
<%= form_with scope: :any, url: post_something_path do |form| %>
<%= form.submit 'Post any message %>
<% end %>
<turbo-frame id="messages">
<div>An empty message</div>
</turbo-frame>
</div>
- After making all the changes, restart the rails server and refresh the browser, and go to the other page.
- Once the above screen appears, click on the Post any message button
This action shows that after submitting the response, the Turbo Streams help the developer to append the message, without reloading the page.
Another use case we can test is that rather than appending the message, the developer replaces the message. For that, we need to change the content of app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template file and change the value of the action attribute from append to replace and check the changes in the browser.
#CODE
<turbo-stream action="replace" target="messages">
<template>
<div id="message_1">This changes the existing message!</div>
</template>
</turbo-stream>
When we click on Post any message button, the message that appear below that button will get replaced with the message that is mentioned in the app/views/other/post_something.turbo_stream.erb template
Stimulus
There are some cases in an application where JS is needed, therefore to cover those scenarios we require Hotwire JS tool. Hotwire has a JS tool because in some scenarios Turbo-* tools are not sufficient. But as we know that Hotwire is used to reduce the usage of JS in an application, Stimulus considers HTML as the single source of truth. Consider the case where we have to give elements on a page some JavaScript attributes, such as data controller, data-action, and data target. For that, a stimulus controller that can access elements and receive events based on those characteristics will be created.
Make a change in app/views/other/index.html.erb template file in rails application
#CODE
<h1>This is Another page</h1>
<div><%= link_to "Enter to home page", root_path %></div>
<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">
<%= form_with scope: :any, url: post_something_path do |form| %>
<%= form.submit 'Post something' %>
<% end %>
<turbo-frame id="messages">
<div>An empty message</div>
</turbo-frame>
</div>
<div style="margin-top: 2rem;">
<h2>Stimulus</h2>
<div data-controller="hello">
<input data-hello-target="name" type="text">
<button data-action="click->hello#greet">
Greet
</button>
<span data-hello-target="output">
</span>
</div>
</div>
Make changes in the hello_controller.js in path app/JavaScript/controllers and add a stimulus controller in the file, which helps to bring the HTML into life.
#CODE
import { Controller } from "@hotwired/stimulus"
export default class extends Controller {
static targets = [ "name", "output" ]
greet() {
this.outputTarget.textContent =
`Hello, ${this.nameTarget.value}!`
}
}
Go to your browser after making the changes in the code and click on Enter to other page link which will navigate to the localhost:3000/other/index page there you can see the changes implemented by the stimulus controller that is designed to augment your HTML with just enough behavior to make it more responsive.
With just a little bit of work, Turbo and Stimulus together offer a complete answer for applications that are quick and compelling.
Using Rails 7 Hotwire helps to load the pages at a faster speed and allows you to render templates on the server, where you have access to your whole domain model. It is a productive development experience in ROR, without compromising any of the speed or responsiveness associated with SPA.
Conclusion
We hope you were satisfied with our Rails Hotwire tutorial. Write to us at service@bacancy.com for any query that you want to resolve, or if you want us to share a tutorial on your query.
For more such solutions on RoR, check out our Ruby on Rails Tutorials. We will always strive to amaze you and cater to your needs.
Original article source at: https://www.bacancytechnology.com/
1671543249
Migrating From Jira Server: Guide, Pros, And Cons
February 15, 2022 marked a significant milestone in Atlassian’s Server EOL (End Of Life) roadmap. This was not the final step. We still have two major milestones ahead of us: end of new app sales in Feb 2023, and end of support in Feb 2024. In simpler words, businesses still have enough time to migrate their Jira Server to one of the two available products – Atlassian Cloud or Atlassian DC. But the clock is ticking.
Jira Cloud VS Data Center
If we were to go by Atlassian numbers, 95% of their new customers choose cloud.
“About 80% of Fortune 500 companies have an Atlassian Cloud license. More than 90% of new customers choose cloud first.” – Daniel Scott, Product Marketing Director, Tempo
So that’s settled, right? We are migrating from Server to Cloud? And what about the solution fewer people talk about yet many users rely on – Jira DC?
Both are viable options and your choice will depend greatly on the needs of your business, your available resources, and operational processes.
Let’s start by taking a look at the functionality offered by Atlassian Cloud and Atlassian DC.
| Feature | Atlassian Cloud | Atlassian Data Center |
| Product Plans | Multiple plans | One plan |
| Billing | Monthly and annual | Annual only |
| Pricing model | Per user or tiered | Tiered only |
| Support | Varying support levels depending on your plan: Enterprise support coverage is equivalent to Atlassian’s Data Center Premier Support offering | Varying support levels depending on the package: Priority Support or Premier Support (purchased separately) |
| Total Cost of Ownership | TCO includes your subscription fee, plus product administration time | TCO includes your subscription fee and product administration time, plus: costs related to infrastructure provisioning or IaaS fees (for example, AWS costs) planned downtime time and resources needed for software upgrades |
| Data encryption services |  |  |
| Data residency services | | |
| Audit logging | Organization-level audit logging available via Atlassian Access (Jira Software, Confluence) Product-level audit logs (Jira Software, Confluence) | Advanced audit logging |
| Device security | Mobile device management support (Jira Software, Confluence, Jira Service Management) Mobile application management (currently on the roadmap) | Mobile device management support (Jira Software, Confluence, Jira Service Management) |
| Content security | | |
| Data Storage limits | 2 GB (Free) 250 GB (Standard) Unlimited storage (Premium and Enterprise) | No limits |
| Performance | Continuous performance updates to improve load times, search responsiveness, and attachments Cloud infrastructure hosted in six geographic regions to reduce latency | Rate limitingCDN supports Smart mirrors and mirror farms (Bitbucket) |
| Backup and data disaster recovery | Jira leverages multiple geographically diverse data centers, has a comprehensive backup program, and gains assurance by regularly testing their disaster recovery and business continuity plans. Backups are generated daily and retained for 30 days to allow for point-in-time data restoration | |
| Containerization and orchestration | | Docker images Kubernetes support (on the roadmap for now) |
| Change management and upgrades | Atlassian automatically handles software and security upgrades for you Sandbox instance to test changes (Premium and Enterprise) Release track options for Premium and Enterprise (Jira Software, Jira Service Management, Confluence) | |
| Direct access to the database | No direct access to change the database structure, file system, or other server infrastructure Extensive REST APIs for programmatic data access | Direct database access |
| Insights and reporting | Organization and admin insights to track adoption of Atlassian products, and evaluate the security of your organization. | Data Pipeline for advanced insightsConfluence analytics |
Pros and cons of Jira Cloud
When talking about pros and cons, there’s always a chance that a competitive advantage for some is a dealbreaker for others. That’s why I decided to talk about pros and cons in matching pairs.
Pro: Scalability is one of the primary reasons businesses are choosing Jira Cloud. DC is technically also scalable, but you’ll need to scale on your own whereas the cloud version allows for the infrastructure to scale with your business.
Con: Despite the cloud’s ability to grow with your business, there is still a user limit of 35k users. In addition to that, the costs will grow alongside your needs. New users, licenses, storage, and computing power – all come at an additional cost. So, when your organization reaches a certain size, migrating to Jira DC becomes more cost-efficient.
Pro: Jira takes care of maintenance and support for you.
Con: Your business can suffer from unpredicted downtime. And there are certain security risks.
Pro: Extra bells and whistles:
- Sandbox: Sandbox is a safe environment system admins can use to test applications and integrations before rolling them out to the production environment.
- Release tracks: Admins can be more flexible with their product releases as they can access batch and control cloud releases. This means they’ll have much more time to test existing configurations and workflows against a new update.
- Insight Discovery: More data means more ways you can impact your business or product in a positive, meaningful way.
- Team Calendars: This is a handy feature for synchronization and synergy across teams.
Con: Most of these features are locked behind a paywall and are only available to either Premium and Enterprise or only Enterprise licenses (either fully or through addition of functionality. For example, Release tracks are only available to Enterprise customers.) In addition, the costs will grow as you scale the offering to fit your growing needs.
Pros and cons of Jira Data Center
I’ll be taking the same approach to talking about the pros and cons as I did when writing about Atlassian Cloud. Pros and cons are paired.
Pro: Hosting your own system means you can scale horizontally and vertically through additional hardware. Extension of your systems is seamless, and there is no downtime (if you do everything correctly). Lastly, you don’t have to worry about the user limit – there is none.
Con: While having more control over your systems is great, it implies a dedicated staff of engineers, additional expenses on software licensing, hardware, and physical space. Moreover, seamless extension and 0% downtime are entirely on you.
Pro: Atlassian has updated the DC offering with native bundled applications such as Advanced Roadmaps, team calendars and analytics for confluence, insight asset management, and insight discovery in Jira Service Management DC.
Con: Atlassian has updated their pricing to reflect these changes. And you are still getting fewer “bells and whistles” than Jira Cloud users (as we can see from the feature comparison).
Pro: You are technically safer as the system is supported on your hardware by your specialists. Any and all Jira server issues, poor updates, and downtime are simply not your concern.
Con: Atlassian offers excellent security options: data encryption in transit and rest, to mobile app management, to audit offerings and API token controls. In their absence, your team company has to dedicate additional resources to security.
Pro: Additional benefits from Atlassian, such as the Priority Support bundle (all DC subscriptions have this option), and the Data center loyalty discount (more on that in the pricing section.)
The Pricing
Talking about pricing of SaaS products is always a challenge as there are always multiple tiers and various pay-as-you go features. Barebones Jira Cloud, for instance, is completely free of charge, yet there are a series of serious limitations.
Standard Jira Cloud will cost you an average of $7.50 per user per month while premium cranks that price up to $14.50. The Enterprise plan is billed annually and the cost is determined on a case-by-case basis. You can see the full comparison of Jira Cloud plans here. And you can use this online calculator to learn the cost of ownership in your particular case.
| 50 Users | Standard (Monthly/Annually) | Premium (Monthly/Annually) |
| Jira Software | $387.50 / $3,900 | $762.50 / $7,650 |
| Jira Work Management | $250 / $2,500 | |
| Jira Service Management | $866.25 / $8,650 | $2,138.25 / $21,500 |
| Confluence | $287.50 / $2,900 | $550 / $5,500 |
| 100 Users | Standard (Monthly/Annually) | Premium (Monthly/Annually) |
| Jira Software | $775 / $7,750 | $1,525 / $15,250 |
| Jira Work Management | $500 / $5,000 | |
| Jira Service Management | $1,653.75 / $16,550 | $4,185.75 / $42,000 |
| Confluence | $575 / $5,750 | $1,100 / $11,000 |
| 500 Users | Standard (Monthly/Annually) | Premium (Monthly/Annually) |
| Jira Software | $3,140 / $31,500 | $5,107.50 / $51,000 |
| Jira Work Management | $1,850 / $18,500 | |
| Jira Service Management | $4,541.25 / $45,400 | $11,693.25 / $117,000 |
| Confluence | $2,060 / $20,500 | $3,780 / $37,800 |
Please note that these prices were calculated without any apps included.
Jira Data Center starts at $42,000 per year and the plan includes up to 500 users. If you are a new client and are not eligible for any discounts*, here’s a chart that should give you an idea as to the cost of ownership of Jira DC. You can find more information regarding your specific case here.
| Users | Commercial Annual Plan | Academic Annual Plan |
| 1-500 | USD 42,000 | USD 21,000 |
| 501-1000 | USD 72,000 | USD 36,000 |
| 1001-2000 | USD 120,000 | USD 60,000 |
| Confluence for Data Center | ||
| 1-500 | USD 27,000 | USD 13,500 |
| 501-1000 | USD 48,000 | USD 24,000 |
| 1001-2000 | USD 84,000 | USD 42,000 |
| Bitbucket for Data Center | ||
| 1-25 | USD 2,300 | USD 1,150 |
| 26-50 | USD 4,200 | USD 2,100 |
| 51-100 | USD 7,600 | USD 3,800 |
| Jira Service Management for Data Center | ||
| 1-50 | USD 17,200 | USD 8,600 |
| 51-100 | USD 28,600 | USD 14,300 |
| 101-250 | USD 51,500 | USD 25,750 |
*Discounts:
- Centralized per-user licensing allows users access all enterprise instances with a single Enterprise license.
- There’s an option for dual licensing for users who purchase an annual cloud subscription with 1,001 or more users. In this case, Atlassian extends your existing server maintenance or Data Center subscription for up to one year at a 100% discount.
- There are certain discounts for apps depending on your partnership level.
- Depending on your situation, you may qualify for several Jira Data Center discount programs:
- Academic Data Center licensing offers a 50% discount.
- Community Data Center licensing for Non-profit organizations is free of charge.
- Lastly, there is a loyalty discount for Server customers who choose to migrate to the Data Center. Check this link to find out if you are eligible.
What should be your User Migration strategy?
Originally, there were several migration methods: Jira Cloud Migration Assistant, Jira Cloud Site Import, and there was an option to migrate via CSV export (though Jira actively discourages you from using this method). However, Jira’s team has focused their efforts on improving the Migration Assistant and have chosen to discontinue Cloud Site Import support.
Thanks to the broadened functionality of the assistant, it is now the only go-to method for migration with just one exception. If you are migrating over 1000 users and you absolutely need to migrate advanced roadmaps – you’ll need to rely on Site Import. At least for now, as Jira is actively working on implementing this feature in their assistant.
Here’s a quick comparison of the options and their limitations.
| Features | Limitations | |
| Cloud Migration Assistant | App migration Existing data on a Cloud Site is not overwritten You choose the projects, users, and groups you want to migrate Jira Service Management customer account migration Better UI to guide you through the migration Potential migration errors are displayed in advance Migration can be done in phases reducing the downtime Pre- and post-migration reports | You must be on a supported self-managed version of Jira |
| Site Export | Can migrate Advanced Roadmaps | App data is not migrated Migration overrides existing data on the Cloud site Separate user importUsers from external directories are not migrated No choice of data you want or don’t want migrated There’s a need to split attachments into up to 5GB chunks Higher risks of downtime due to the “all or nothing” approach You must be on a supported self-managed version of Jira |
Pro tip: If you have a large base of users (above 2000), migrate them before you migrate projects and spaces. This way, you will not disrupt the workflow as users are still working on Server and the latter migration of data will take less time.
How to migrate to Jira Cloud
Now that we have settled on one particular offering based on available pricing models as well as the pros and the cons that matter the most to your organization, let’s talk about the “how”.
How does one migrate from Jira Server to Jira Cloud?
Pre-migration checklist
Jira’s Cloud Migration Assistant is a handy tool. It will automatically review your data for common errors. But it is incapable of doing all of the work for you. That’s why we – and Atlassian for that matter – recommend creating a pre-migration checklist.
Smart Checklist will help you craft an actionable, context-rich checklist directly inside a Jira ticket. This way, none of the tasks will be missed, lost, or abandoned.
Below is an example of how your migration checklist will look like in Jira.
Feel free to copy the code and paste it into your Smart Checklist editor and you’ll have the checklist at the ready.
# Create a user migration plan #must
> Please keep in mind that Jira Cloud Migration Assistant migrates all users and groups as well as users and groups related to selected projects
- Sync your user base
- Verify synchronization
- External users sync verification
- Active external directory verification
## Check your Jira Server version #must
- Verify via user interface or Support Zip Product Version Verification
> Jira Migration Assistant will not work unless Jira is running on a supported version
## Fix any duplicate email addresses #must
- Verify using SQL
> Duplicate email addresses are not supported by Jira Cloud and therefore can't be migrated with the Jira Cloud Migration Assistant. To avoid errors, you should find and fix any duplicate email addresses before migration. If user information is managed in an LDAP Server, you will need to update emails there and sync with Jira before the migration. If user information is managed locally, you can fix them through the Jira Server or Data Center user interface.
## Make sure you have the necessary permissions #must
- System Admin global permissions on the Server instance
- Exists in the target Cloud site
- Site Administrator Permission in the cloud
## Check for conflicts with group names #must
- Make sure that the groups in your Cloud Site don't have the same names as groups in Server
> Unless you are actively trying to merge them
- Delete or update add-on users so not to cause migration issues
- Verify via SQL
## Update firewall allowance rules #must
- None of the domains should be blocked by firewall or proxy
## Find a way to migrate apps #must
- Contact app vendors
## Check public access settings #must
- Projects
- Filters
- Filters
- Boards
- Dashboards
## Review server setup #mst
- at least 4gb Heap Allocation
- Open Files limit review
- Verify via support zip
## Check Server timezone #must for merging Cloud sites
- Switch to UTC is using any other timezone
> Add a system flag to the Jira Server instance -Duser.timezone=UTC as outlined in this article about updating documentation to include timezone details.
## Fix any duplicate shared configuration
## Storage limits
## Prepare the server instance
- Check data status
- All fields have value and are not null
-Any archived projects you wish to migrate are activated
## Prepare your cloud site
- Same Jira products enabled
- Same language
- User migration strategy
## Data backup
- Backup Jira Server site
- Backup Cloud site
## Run a test migration
- Done
## Notify Jira support
- Get in touch with Jira migration supportUse backups
On the one hand, having all of your Jira products on a server may seem like a backup in and of itself. On the other hand, there are data migration best practices we should follow even if it’s just a precaution. No one has ever felt sorry for their data being too safe.
In addition, there are certain types of migration errors that can be resolved much faster with having a backup at hand.
- Jira Server Database backup: this step creates a DB backup in an XML format.
- Log in with Jira System Admin permissions
- Go to system -> Import and Export -> Backup Manager -> Backup for server.
- Click the create Backup for server button.
- Type in the name for your backup.
- Jira will create a zipped XML file and notify you once the backup is ready.
- Jira Cloud Backup: This backup also saves your data in an XML format. The process is quite similar to creating a Jira Server backup with the only difference taking place on the Backups page.
- Select the option to save your attachments, logos, and avatars.
- Click on the Create backup button.
- As you can see, the Cloud backup includes the option to save attachments, avatars, and logos. This step should be done manually when backing up Server data.
- Create a Zip archive for this data
- Make sure it follows the structure suggested by Atlassian
Migrating your Jira instance to the cloud via the Jira Migration Assistant
Jira Cloud Migration Assistant is a free add-on Atlassian recommends using when migrating to the cloud. It accesses and evaluates your apps and helps migrate multiple projects.
Overall, the migration assistant offers a more stable and reliable migration experience. It automatically checks for certain errors. It makes sure all users have unique and valid emails, and makes sure that none of the project names and keys conflict with one another.
This is a step-by-step guide for importing your Jira Server data backup file into Jira Cloud.
- Log into Jira Cloud with admin permissions
- Go to System -> Import and Export -> External System Import
- Click on the Jira Server import option
- Select the backup Zip you have created
- Jira will check the file for errors and present you with two options: enable or disable outgoing mail. Don’t worry, you will be able to change this section after the migration process is complete.
- Then you will be presented with an option to merge Jira Server and Jira Cloud users
- Choosing overwrite will replace the users with users from the imported files
- The merge option will merge groups with the same name
- Lastly, you can select the third option if you are migrating users via Jira’s assistant
- Run the import
How do you migrate Jira Server into Jira DC?
Before we can proceed with the migration process, please make sure you meet the following prerequisites:
- Make sure you are installing Jira on one of the supported platforms. Atlassian has a list of supported platforms for Jira 9.1.
- Make sure the applications you are using are compatible with Jira DC. You will be required to switch to datacenter-compatible versions of your applications (they must be available).
- Make sure you meet the necessary software and hardware requirements:
- You have a DC license
- You are using a supported database, OS, and Java version
- You are using OAuth authentication if your application links to other Atlassian products
Once you are certain you are ready to migrate your Jira Server to Jira Data Center, you can proceed with an installation that’s much simpler than one would expect.
- Upgrade your apps to be compatible with Jira DC
- Go to Administration -> Applications -> Versions and licenses
- Enter your Jira DC License Key
- Restart Jira
That’s it. You are all set. Well, unless your organization has specific needs such as continuous uptime, performance under heavy loads, and scalability, in which case you will need to set up a server cluster. You can find out more about setting up server clusters in this guide.
1626775355
Why use Python for Software Development
No programming language is pretty much as diverse as Python. It enables building cutting edge applications effortlessly. Developers are as yet investigating the full capability of end-to-end Python development services in various areas.
By areas, we mean FinTech, HealthTech, InsureTech, Cybersecurity, and that's just the beginning. These are New Economy areas, and Python has the ability to serve every one of them. The vast majority of them require massive computational abilities. Python's code is dynamic and powerful - equipped for taking care of the heavy traffic and substantial algorithmic capacities.
Programming advancement is multidimensional today. Endeavor programming requires an intelligent application with AI and ML capacities. Shopper based applications require information examination to convey a superior client experience. Netflix, Trello, and Amazon are genuine instances of such applications. Python assists with building them effortlessly.
5 Reasons to Utilize Python for Programming Web Apps
Python can do such numerous things that developers can't discover enough reasons to admire it. Python application development isn't restricted to web and enterprise applications. It is exceptionally adaptable and superb for a wide range of uses.
Robust frameworks
Python is known for its tools and frameworks. There's a structure for everything. Django is helpful for building web applications, venture applications, logical applications, and mathematical processing. Flask is another web improvement framework with no conditions.
Web2Py, CherryPy, and Falcon offer incredible capabilities to customize Python development services. A large portion of them are open-source frameworks that allow quick turn of events.
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Python has an improved sentence structure - one that is like the English language. New engineers for Python can undoubtedly understand where they stand in the development process. The simplicity of composing allows quick application building.
The motivation behind building Python, as said by its maker Guido Van Rossum, was to empower even beginner engineers to comprehend the programming language. The simple coding likewise permits developers to roll out speedy improvements without getting confused by pointless subtleties.
Utilized by the best
Alright - Python isn't simply one more programming language. It should have something, which is the reason the business giants use it. Furthermore, that too for different purposes. Developers at Google use Python to assemble framework organization systems, parallel information pusher, code audit, testing and QA, and substantially more. Netflix utilizes Python web development services for its recommendation algorithm and media player.
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Python has a steadily developing community that offers enormous help. From amateurs to specialists, there's everybody. There are a lot of instructional exercises, documentation, and guides accessible for Python web development solutions.
Today, numerous universities start with Python, adding to the quantity of individuals in the community. Frequently, Python designers team up on various tasks and help each other with algorithmic, utilitarian, and application critical thinking.
Progressive applications
Python is the greatest supporter of data science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence at any enterprise software development company. Its utilization cases in cutting edge applications are the most compelling motivation for its prosperity. Python is the second most well known tool after R for data analytics.
The simplicity of getting sorted out, overseeing, and visualizing information through unique libraries makes it ideal for data based applications. TensorFlow for neural networks and OpenCV for computer vision are two of Python's most well known use cases for Machine learning applications.
Summary
Thinking about the advances in programming and innovation, Python is a YES for an assorted scope of utilizations. Game development, web application development services, GUI advancement, ML and AI improvement, Enterprise and customer applications - every one of them uses Python to its full potential.
The disadvantages of Python web improvement arrangements are regularly disregarded by developers and organizations because of the advantages it gives. They focus on quality over speed and performance over blunders. That is the reason it's a good idea to utilize Python for building the applications of the future.
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Improve and streamline your code by learning about these common anti-patterns that will save you time and effort. Examples of good and bad practices included.
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2. Using list/dict/set Comprehension Unnecessarily
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