The Fastest SQL Database Ever

In this video I talk about a new, upcoming database called Noria.
It’s drastically different from traditional database systems.

But its not actually a database.
It’s actually a data-flow engine that acts like a database.

Noria’s target is mainly web applications. Specifically, ones that are read-heavy, which most web apps fall under. These web apps most likely interact with some sort of database with the majority of accesses being reads. Recomputing the same SQL SELECT statement repeatedly is a lot of wasted CPU cycles and unnecessary latency.
To combat this, developers either precompute these values beforehand, or use a caching system like redis or memcached to minimize database lookups and increase performance.
The problem with this approach is that application logic increases dramatically. Developers now need to know when to evict cache entries, when to invalidate them and when to update them. There is also the problem where all clients misses the cache at the same time, then all the clients queries the database, causing the database to crash.

Another solution to this is to use stream-processing systems like Apache Spark, where data is processed as it comes in and values are updated. But these solutions are not very flexible. They usually require developers to know the queries to optimize for beforehand and can’t change them on the fly. In addition, these systems usually implement a ‘windowed’ system where they only keep track of most recent data to limit memory use. e.g. This week’s weather or today’s news.

Noria basically combines all of these into one. And if you think about it, the database already knows your query patterns so it can efficiently maintain a cache for you. Created from the result of a research paper in 2018, Noria is written entirely in Rust. It describes itself as a new streaming dataflow system that act as a fast storage backend for read-heavy web applications. There are two main ways of interfacing with Noria; through its Rust API or
through its MySQL adapter. You can also manually query Noria using any mysql client.

Noria’s data flow system is implemented as a directed acyclic graph of relational operators (aggregations, joins, filters, etc.). Base tables are the roots and view are the leaves. Updates start at the base tables and propagate downwards. The operators can either be partially stateful or fully stateful depending on the data it is holding. While the base tables are stored in persistent storage, the views and operators are stored in memory.

In Jon’s talk, he said there were 3 major challenges that Noria
needed to overcome:

1. The problem of limited memory
   You can’t just keep all query results in memory because its going to use too much memory. So Noria needs to come up with a way of evicting unused results.

2. Application changes
   As the applications continues to run, queries will change. New data becomes old data, old data becomes data that is rarely accessed. So Noria needs to come up with a way to seamlessly transition to a new dataflow.

3. Read/Write concurrency
   Being able to read and write concurrently is key to performance.

Trade-offs:
Noria is still young and lacking some features.
The fault tolerance for sharding currently is not very good. If a shard were to go down, all of its state will be lost and will need to be recomputed. Depending on your needs, this may or may not work for you. Noria also doesn’t support certain SQL keywords like range or soundex. And Noria’s consistency guarantees are not as strong. After a write is complete, it does not necessarily mean a read after it will reflect the changes. Noria only guarantees it will eventually see the changes.

Hope you guys enjoyed the video!

Resources:

Noria Source Code
https://github.com/mit-pdos/noria

#sql #database

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Introduction to Structured Query Language SQL pdf

SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is a scripting language expected to store, control, and inquiry information put away in social databases. The main manifestation of SQL showed up in 1974, when a gathering in IBM built up the principal model of a social database. The primary business social database was discharged by Relational Software later turning out to be Oracle.

Models for SQL exist. In any case, the SQL that can be utilized on every last one of the major RDBMS today is in various flavors. This is because of two reasons:

1. The SQL order standard is genuinely intricate, and it isn’t handy to actualize the whole standard.

2. Every database seller needs an approach to separate its item from others.

Right now, contrasts are noted where fitting.

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List of Available Database for Current User In SQL Server

Introduction

When working in the SQL Server, we may have to check some other databases other than the current one which we are working. In that scenario we may not be sure that does we have access to those Databases?. In this article we discuss the list of databases that are available for the current logged user in SQL Server

Get the list of database

Conclusion

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System Databases in SQL Server

Introduction

In SSMS, we many of may noticed System Databases under the Database Folder. But how many of us knows its purpose?. In this article lets discuss about the System Databases in SQL Server.

System Database

Fig. 1 System Databases

There are five system databases, these databases are created while installing SQL Server.

• Master
• Model
• MSDB
• Tempdb
• Resource

Master

• This database contains all the System level Information in SQL Server. The Information in form of Meta data.
• Because of this master database, we are able to access the SQL Server (On premise SQL Server)

Model

• This database is used as a template for new databases.
• Whenever a new database is created, initially a copy of model database is what created as new database.

MSDB

• This database is where a service called SQL Server Agent stores its data.
• SQL server Agent is in charge of automation, which includes entities such as jobs, schedules, and alerts.

TempDB

• The Tempdb is where SQL Server stores temporary data such as work tables, sort space, row versioning information and etc.
• User can create their own version of temporary tables and those are stored in Tempdb.
• But this database is destroyed and recreated every time when we restart the instance of SQL Server.

Resource

• The resource database is a hidden, read only database that holds the definitions of all system objects.
• When we query system object in a database, they appear to reside in the sys schema of the local database, but in actually their definitions reside in the resource db.

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What is SQL? And Where is it Used?

Define: SQL [pron. “sequel”] – stands for Structured Query Language (SQL), used by databases to model and manage tabular/relational datasets; a set of standardized Data Definition Language (DDL) functions to create tables, views, and define relational schema models, and Data Manipulation Language (DML) to query, insert, and modify data in the tables.

*Read-only select queries are technically part of its Data Query Language (DQL) group. Still, operationally, many refer to it as DML because it can do more than read-only queries.

Super Brief History of SQL

Who Uses SQL?

What Can a SQL Database Do?

What is a SQL Query?

Different SQL Database Platforms

SQL for JSON

Application Developers

SQL for Big Data

Further Reading

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SingleStore: The One Stop Shop For Everything Data

• SingleStore works toward helping businesses embrace digital innovation by operationalising “all data through one platform for all the moments that matter”

The pandemic has brought a period of transformation across businesses globally, pushing data and analytics to the forefront of decision making. Starting from enabling advanced data-driven operations to creating intelligent workflows, enterprise leaders have been looking to transform every part of their organisation.

SingleStore is one of the leading companies in the world, offering a unified database to facilitate fast analytics for organisations looking to embrace diverse data and accelerate their innovations. It provides an SQL platform to help companies aggregate, manage, and use the vast trove of data distributed across silos in multiple clouds and on-premise environments.

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