JavaScript Algorithms and Data Structures: Greedy - Prim’s Algorithm

In computer science, Prim's algorithm is a greedy algorithm that finds a minimum spanning tree for a weighted undirected graph.

The algorithm operates by building this tree one vertex at a time, from an arbitrary starting vertex, at each step adding the cheapest possible connection from the tree to another vertex.

Prim's algorithm starting at vertex A. In the third step, edges BD and AB both have weight 2, so BD is chosen arbitrarily. After that step, AB is no longer a candidate for addition to the tree because it links two nodes that are already in the tree.

Minimum Spanning Tree

A minimum spanning tree (MST) or minimum weight spanning tree is a subset of the edges of a connected, edge-weighted (un)directed graph that connects all the vertices together, without any cycles and with the minimum possible total edge weight. That is, it is a spanning tree whose sum of edge weights is as small as possible. More generally, any edge-weighted undirected graph (not necessarily connected) has a minimum spanning forest, which is a union of the minimum spanning trees for its connected components.

A planar graph and its minimum spanning tree. Each edge is labeled with its weight, which here is roughly proportional to its length.

This figure shows there may be more than one minimum spanning tree in a graph. In the figure, the two trees below the graph are two possibilities of minimum spanning tree of the given graph.

References

• Minimum Spanning Tree on Wikipedia
• Prim's Algorithm on Wikipedia
• Prim's Algorithm on YouTube by Tushar Roy
• Prim's Algorithm on YouTube by Michael Sambol

The Original Article can be found on https://github.com

#javascript #algorithms #datastructures

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Your Data Architecture: Simple Best Practices for Your Data Strategy

If you accumulate data on which you base your decision-making as an organization, you should probably think about your data architecture and possible best practices.

If you accumulate data on which you base your decision-making as an organization, you most probably need to think about your data architecture and consider possible best practices. Gaining a competitive edge, remaining customer-centric to the greatest extent possible, and streamlining processes to get on-the-button outcomes can all be traced back to an organization’s capacity to build a future-ready data architecture.

In what follows, we offer a short overview of the overarching capabilities of data architecture. These include user-centricity, elasticity, robustness, and the capacity to ensure the seamless flow of data at all times. Added to these are automation enablement, plus security and data governance considerations. These points from our checklist for what we perceive to be an anticipatory analytics ecosystem.

#big data #data science #big data analytics #data analysis #data architecture #data transformation #data platform #data strategy #cloud data platform #data acquisition

Getting Started With Data Lakes

Frameworks for Efficient Enterprise Analytics

The opportunities big data offers also come with very real challenges that many organizations are facing today. Often, it’s finding the most cost-effective, scalable way to store and process boundless volumes of data in multiple formats that come from a growing number of sources. Then organizations need the analytical capabilities and flexibility to turn this data into insights that can meet their specific business objectives.

This Refcard dives into how a data lake helps tackle these challenges at both ends — from its enhanced architecture that’s designed for efficient data ingestion, storage, and management to its advanced analytics functionality and performance flexibility. You’ll also explore key benefits and common use cases.

Introduction

As technology continues to evolve with new data sources, such as IoT sensors and social media churning out large volumes of data, there has never been a better time to discuss the possibilities and challenges of managing such data for varying analytical insights. In this Refcard, we dig deep into how data lakes solve the problem of storing and processing enormous amounts of data. While doing so, we also explore the benefits of data lakes, their use cases, and how they differ from data warehouses (DWHs).

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This is a preview of the Getting Started With Data Lakes Refcard. To read the entire Refcard, please download the PDF from the link above.

#big data #data analytics #data analysis #business analytics #data warehouse #data storage #data lake #data lake architecture #data lake governance #data lake management

Data Structures and Algorithms Journey

Objectives of this article:

1. Describe what is the importance of a Data Structure
2. Describe the term Algorithm
3. What are algorithm complexities
4. Approaches to solving algorithms

This particular concept is identified as one of the most important concepts in software engineering, and that became a primary checkpoint for most of the top-level companies. In this lesson series, we will discuss the idea behind data structures and algorithm concepts, and we will implement several algorithms during upcoming lessons.

What is a Data Structure?

The simple definition for the data structure is that “different ways of storing data on your computer” or “the systematic way of representing and organizing your data”. Importantly, any data structure should be able to use efficiently for any given task. for instance, search, transform data, edit, update, etc.

Features of a Data Structure

There are three different features of a data structure that we can categorize based on the usage.

• Time complexity

Running time or the execution time for a given task is defined as the time complexity. We should use the best possible data structure for the given context to minimize the time complexity as much as possible.

• Correctness based on the particular interface

_Every data structure comprises its __interface _that the operations that support by the given data structure. Similarly, there should be a correct implementation of the data structure based on the correct interface. Ideally, a data structure should come with a correctly defined interface and descriptive implementation.

• Space Complexity

Space complexity will measure the memory usage of a given data structure. Ultimately, we should optimize our algorithmic solution to minimize space complexity as much as possible for solutions with a large number of data sets.

Why we need any sort of data structure?

Nowadays, with the development of new processors, computer systems, handling a large number of data records with our normal computers is not a complex or exhaustive task. But, when it comes to certain unpredictive conditions based on a few criteria like data size, retrieval speed, and multi-thread processing we should focus on implementing a proper data structure for the given scenario.

Imagine that you are implementing a simple text search based on a big text corpus with more than millions of records. If you are trying to process data objects parallelly and if your execution time should not exceed sub milliseconds.

The properly designed data structure will help you to achieve those types of tasks in an efficient manner.

What is an Algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to achieve any task. In other words, an algorithm is a well-defined set of unambiguous instructions to achieve a given task without relies on any particular programming language. In this series, we will try to implement major data structures and algorithms in nodejs and python programming languages to see the similarity of any given algorithm.

#data-structure-algorithm #divide-and-conquer #algorithms #greedy-algorithms #data science

Basics of Data Structure Algorithms

Basics of Data Structure Algorithms

If I ask you what is your morning routine, what will you answer? Let me answer it for you. You will wake up in the morning, freshen up, you’ll go for some exercise, come back, bath, have breakfast, and then you’ll get ready for the rest of your day.

If you observe closely these are a set of rules that you follow daily to get ready for your work or classes. If you skip even one step, you will not achieve your task, which is getting ready for the day.

These steps do not contain the details like, at what time you wake up or which toothpaste did you use or did you go for a walk or to the gym, or what did you have in your breakfast. But all they do contain are some basic fundamental steps that you need to execute to perform some task. This is a very basic example of algorithms. This is an algorithm for your everyday morning.

In this article, we will be learning algorithms, their characteristics, types of algorithms, and most important the complexity of algorithms.

What are Data Structure Algorithms?

Algorithms are a finite set of rules that must be followed for problem-solving operations. Algorithms are step-by-step guides to how the execution of a process or a program is done on a machine to get the expected output.

• Do not contain complete programs or details. They are just logical solutions to a problem.
• Algorithms are expressible in simple language or flowchart.

Characteristics of an Algorithm in Data Structure

No one would follow any written instructions to follow a daily morning routine. Similarly, you cannot follow anything available in writing and consider it as an algorithm. To consider some instructions as an algorithm, they must have some specific characteristics :

1. Input: An algorithm, if required, should have very well-defined inputs. An algorithm can have zero or more inputs.

2. Output: Every algorithm should have one or more very well-defined outputs. Without an output, the algorithm fails to give the result of the tasks performed.

3. Unambiguous: The algorithm should be unambiguous and it should not have any confusion under any circumstances. All the sentences and steps should be clear and must have only one meaning.

4. Finiteness: The steps in the algorithm must be finite and there should be no infinite loops or steps in the algorithm. In simple words, an algorithm should always end.

5. Effectiveness: An algorithm should be simple, practically possible, and easy to understand for all users. It should be executable upon the available resources and should not contain any kind of futuristic technology or imagination.

6. Language independent: An algorithm must be in plain language so that it can be easily implemented in any computer language and yet the output should be the same as expected.

Data flow of the Algorithm in Data Structure

1. Problem: To write a solution you need to first identify the problem. The problem can be an example of the real-world for which we need to create a set of instructions to solve it.

2. Algorithm: Design a step-by-step procedure for the above problem and this procedure, after satisfying all the characteristics mentioned above, is an algorithm.

3. Input: After creating the algorithm, we need to give the required input. There can be zero or more inputs in an algorithm.

4. Processing unit: The input is now forwarded to the processing unit and this processing unit will produce the desired result according to the algorithm.

5. Output: The desired or expected output of the program according to the algorithm.

Why do we need Data Structure Algorithm?

Suppose you want to cook chole ( or chickpeas) for lunch. Now you cannot just go to the kitchen and set utensils on gas and start cooking them. You must have soaked them for at least 12 hours before cooking, then chop desired vegetables and follow many steps after that to get the delicious taste, texture, and nutrition.

This is the need for algorithms. To get desired output, you need to follow some specific set of rules. These rules do not contain details like in the above example, which masala you are using or which salt you are using, or how many chickpeas you are soaking. But all these rules contain a basic step-by-step guide for best results.

We need algorithms for the following two reasons :

1. Performance: The result should be as expected. You can break the large problems into smaller problems and solve each one of them to get the desired result. This also shows that the problem is feasible.

2. Scalability: When you have a big problem or a similar kind of smaller problem, the algorithm should work and give the desired output for both problems. In our example, no matter how many people you have for lunch the same algorithm of cooking chickpeas will work every single time if followed correctly.

Let us try to write an algorithm for our lunch problem :

1. Soak chickpeas in the night so that they are ready till the next afternoon.

2. Chop some vegetables that you like.

3. Set up a utensil on gas and saute the chopped vegetables.

4. Add water and wait for boiling.

5. Add chickpeas and wait until you get the desired texture.

6. Chickpeas are now ready for your lunch.

The real-world example that we just discussed is a very close example of the algorithm. You cannot just start with step 3 and start cooking. You will not get the desired result. To get the desired result, you need to follow the specific order of rules. Also, each instruction should be clear in an algorithm as we can see in the above example.

#algorithms in data structure #data structure algorithms #algorithms

4 Tips To Become A Successful Entry-Level Data Analyst

Companies across every industry rely on big data to make strategic decisions about their business, which is why data analyst roles are constantly in demand. Even as we transition to more automated data collection systems, data analysts remain a crucial piece in the data puzzle. Not only do they build the systems that extract and organize data, but they also make sense of it –– identifying patterns, trends, and formulating actionable insights.

If you think that an entry-level data analyst role might be right for you, you might be wondering what to focus on in the first 90 days on the job. What skills should you have going in and what should you focus on developing in order to advance in this career path?

Let’s take a look at the most important things you need to know.

#data #data-analytics #data-science #data-analysis #big-data-analytics #data-privacy #data-structures #good-company