How To Implement Deep Q-Learning Algorithms

Implementation of Deep Q-Learning Algorithms to solve Banana-Collector Unity ML-Agent Navigation Problem Statement. 

⭐️You can see more at the link at the end of the article. Thank you for your interest in the blog, if you find it interesting, please give me a like, comment and share to show your support for the author.

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Top 10 Deep Learning Sessions To Look Forward To At DVDC 2020

The Deep Learning DevCon 2020, DLDC 2020, has exciting talks and sessions around the latest developments in the field of deep learning, that will not only be interesting for professionals of this field but also for the enthusiasts who are willing to make a career in the field of deep learning. The two-day conference scheduled for 29th and 30th October will host paper presentations, tech talks, workshops that will uncover some interesting developments as well as the latest research and advancement of this area. Further to this, with deep learning gaining massive traction, this conference will highlight some fascinating use cases across the world.

Here are ten interesting talks and sessions of DLDC 2020 that one should definitely attend:

Also Read: Why Deep Learning DevCon Comes At The Right Time

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Adversarial Robustness in Deep Learning

By Dipanjan Sarkar

**About: **Adversarial Robustness in Deep Learning is a session presented by Dipanjan Sarkar, a Data Science Lead at Applied Materials, as well as a Google Developer Expert in Machine Learning. In this session, he will focus on the adversarial robustness in the field of deep learning, where he talks about its importance, different types of adversarial attacks, and will showcase some ways to train the neural networks with adversarial realisation. Considering abstract deep learning has brought us tremendous achievements in the fields of computer vision and natural language processing, this talk will be really interesting for people working in this area. With this session, the attendees will have a comprehensive understanding of adversarial perturbations in the field of deep learning and ways to deal with them with common recipes.

Read an interview with Dipanjan Sarkar.

Imbalance Handling with Combination of Deep Variational Autoencoder and NEATER

By Divye Singh

**About: **Imbalance Handling with Combination of Deep Variational Autoencoder and NEATER is a paper presentation by Divye Singh, who has a masters in technology degree in Mathematical Modeling and Simulation and has the interest to research in the field of artificial intelligence, learning-based systems, machine learning, etc. In this paper presentation, he will talk about the common problem of class imbalance in medical diagnosis and anomaly detection, and how the problem can be solved with a deep learning framework. The talk focuses on the paper, where he has proposed a synergistic over-sampling method generating informative synthetic minority class data by filtering the noise from the over-sampled examples. Further, he will also showcase the experimental results on several real-life imbalanced datasets to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method for binary classification problems.

Default Rate Prediction Models for Self-Employment in Korea using Ridge, Random Forest & Deep Neural Network

By Dongsuk Hong

About: This is a paper presentation given by Dongsuk Hong, who is a PhD in Computer Science, and works in the big data centre of Korea Credit Information Services. This talk will introduce the attendees with machine learning and deep learning models for predicting self-employment default rates using credit information. He will talk about the study, where the DNN model is implemented for two purposes — a sub-model for the selection of credit information variables; and works for cascading to the final model that predicts default rates. Hong’s main research area is data analysis of credit information, where she is particularly interested in evaluating the performance of prediction models based on machine learning and deep learning. This talk will be interesting for the deep learning practitioners who are willing to make a career in this field.

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Deep Reinforcement Learning for Video Games Made Easy

In this post, we will investigate how easily we can train a Deep Q-Network (DQN) agent (Mnih et al., 2015) for Atari 2600 games using the Google reinforcement learning library Dopamine. While many RL libraries exist, this library is specifically designed with four essential features in mind:

• Easy experimentation
• Flexible development
• Compact and reliable
• Reproducible

_We believe these principles makes __Dopamine _one of the best RL learning environment available today. Additionally, we even got the library to work on Windows, which we think is quite a feat!

In my view, the visualization of any trained RL agent is an absolute must in reinforcement learning! Therefore, we will (of course) include this for our own trained agent at the very end!

We will go through all the pieces of code required (which is** minimal compared to other libraries**), but you can also find all scripts needed in the following Github repo.

1. Brief Introduction to Reinforcement Learning and Deep Q-Learning

The general premise of deep reinforcement learning is to

“derive efficient representations of the environment from high-dimensional sensory inputs, and use these to generalize past experience to new situations.”

• Mnih et al. (2015)

As stated earlier, we will implement the DQN model by Deepmind, which only uses raw pixels and game score as input. The raw pixels are processed using convolutional neural networks similar to image classification. The primary difference lies in the objective function, which for the DQN agent is called the optimal action-value function

where_ rₜ is the maximum sum of rewards at time t discounted by γ, obtained using a behavior policy π = P(a_∣_s)_ for each observation-action pair.

There are relatively many details to Deep Q-Learning, such as Experience Replay (Lin, 1993) and an _iterative update rule. _Thus, we refer the reader to the original paper for an excellent walk-through of the mathematical details.

One key benefit of DQN compared to previous approaches at the time (2015) was the ability to outperform existing methods for Atari 2600 games using the same set of hyperparameters and only pixel values and game score as input, clearly a tremendous achievement.

2. Installation

This post does not include instructions for installing Tensorflow, but we do want to stress that you can use both the CPU and GPU versions.

Nevertheless, assuming you are using Python 3.7.x, these are the libraries you need to install (which can all be installed via pip):

tensorflow-gpu=1.15   (or tensorflow==1.15  for CPU version)
cmake
dopamine-rl
atari-py
matplotlib
pygame
seaborn
pandas

#reinforcement-learning #q-learning #games #machine-learning #deep-learning #deep learning

Reinforcement Learning : Q-Learning

Q -learning, as the name suggests, it’s a learning-based algorithm in reinforcement learning. Q-Learning is a basic form of Reinforcement Learning algorithm that uses Q-values (also called action values) to iteratively improve the behavior of the learning agent.

The main objective of Q-learning is to find the best optimal policy, discussed previously that maximizes the cumulative rewards (sum of all rewards). So, in other words, the goal of Q-learning is to find the optimal policy by learning the optimal Q-values for each state-action pair.

Q-Learning simplified with an example

Let’s consider a ROBOT who starts form the starting position (S) and its goal is to move the endpoint (G). This is a game: Frozen Lake where; S=starting point, F=frozen surface, H=hole, and G=goal. The robot can either move _f_orward, _d_ownward, _l_eft, _r_ight.

Robots win if reaches Goal and looses if falls in a Hole.

Thanks for gif:

Now, the obvious question is: How do we train a robot to reach the end goal with the shortest path without stepping on a hole?

Introduction to Q-TABLE

Q-Table is a simple lookup table where we calculate the maximum expected future rewards for future action at each state. Q-table is created as per the possible action the robot can perform. Q-table is initialized with null values.

Initial Q-table

Each Q-table score will be the maximum expected future reward that the robot will get if it takes that action at that state. This is an iterative process, as we need to improve the Q-Table at each iteration.

But the questions are:

• How do we calculate the values of the Q-table**?**
• Are the values available or predefined**?**

To learn each value of the Q-table, we use the** Q-Learning algorithm. **As we discussed in the earlier part, we use the Bellman Equation to find optimal values for the action-value pair.

As we start to explore the environment**,** the Q-function gives us better and better approximations by continuously updating the Q-values in the table.

#machine-learning #deep-learning #q-learning #deep learning

Learn Transfer Learning for Deep Learning by implementing the project.

Project walkthrough on Convolution neural networks using transfer learning

From 2 years of my master’s degree, I found that the best way to learn concepts is by doing the projects. Let’s start implementing or in other words learning.

Problem Statement

Take an image as input and return a corresponding dog breed from 133 dog breed categories. If a dog is detected in the image, it will provide an estimate of the dog’s breed. If a human is detected, it will give an estimate of the dog breed that is most resembling the human face. If there’s no human or dog present in the image, we simply print an error.

Let’s break this problem into steps

1. Detect Humans
2. Detect Dogs
3. Classify Dog breeds

For all these steps, we use pre-trained models.

Pre-trained models are saved models that were trained on a huge image-classification task such as Imagenet. If these datasets are huge and generalized enough, the saved weights can be used for multiple image detection task to get a high accuracy quickly.

Detect Humans

For detecting humans, OpenCV provides many pre-trained face detectors. We use OpenCV’s implementation of Haar feature-based cascade classifiers to detect human faces in images.

### returns "True" if face is detected in image stored at img_path
def face_detector(img_path):
    img = cv2.imread(img_path)
    gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
    faces = face_cascade.detectMultiScale(gray)
    return len(faces) > 0

Detect Dogs

For detecting dogs, we use a pre-trained ResNet-50 model to detect dogs in images, along with weights that have been trained on ImageNet, a very large, very popular dataset used for image classification and other vision tasks.

from keras.applications.resnet50 import ResNet50

### define ResNet50 model
ResNet50_model_detector = ResNet50(weights='imagenet')
### returns "True" if a dog is detected
def dog_detector(img_path):
    prediction = ResNet50_predict_labels(img_path)
    return ((prediction <= 268) & (prediction >= 151))

Classify Dog Breeds

For classifying Dog breeds, we use transfer learning

Transfer learning involves taking a pre-trained neural network and adapting the neural network to a new, different data set.

To illustrate the power of transfer learning. Initially, we will train a simple CNN with the following architecture:

Train it for 20 epochs, and it gives a test accuracy of just 3% which is better than a random guess from 133 categories. But with more epochs, we can increase accuracy, but it takes up a lot of training time.

To reduce training time without sacrificing accuracy, we will train the CNN model using transfer learning.

#data-science #transfer-learning #project-based-learning #cnn #deep-learning #deep learning