Rust Language Cheat Sheet - Links & Services

Links & Services

These are other great guides and tables.

Cheat Sheets	Description
Rust Learning⭐	Probably the best collection of links about learning Rust.
Functional Jargon in Rust	A collection of functional programming jargon explained in Rust.
Periodic Table of Types	How various types and references correlate.
Futures	How to construct and work with futures.
Rust Iterator Cheat Sheet	Summary of iterator-related methods from std::iter and itertools.
Type-Based Rust Cheat Sheet	Lists common types and how they convert.

All major Rust books developed by the community.

Books ️📚	Description
The Rust Programming Language	Standard introduction to Rust, start here if you are new.
API Guidelines	How to write idiomatic and re-usable Rust.
Asynchronous Programming 🚧	Explains async code, Futures, ...
Design Patterns	Idioms, Patterns, Anti-Patterns.
Edition Guide	Working with Rust 2015, Rust 2018, and beyond.
Guide to Rustc Development	Explains how the compiler works internally.
Little Book of Rust Macros	Community's collective knowledge of Rust macros.
Reference 🚧	Reference of the Rust language.
RFC Book	Look up accepted RFCs and how they change the language.
Performance Book	Techniques to improve the speed and memory usage.
Rust Cookbook	Collection of simple examples that demonstrate good practices.
Rust in Easy English	Explains concepts in simplified English, good alternative start.
Rust for the Polyglot Programmer	A guide for the experienced programmer.
Rustdoc Book	Tips how to customize cargo doc and rustdoc.
Rustonomicon	Dark Arts of Advanced and Unsafe Rust Programming.
Unsafe Code Guidelines 🚧	Concise information about writing unsafe code.
Unstable Book	Information about unstable items, e.g, #![feature(...)].
The Cargo Book	How to use cargo and write Cargo.toml.
The CLI Book	Information about creating CLI tools.
The Embedded Book	Working with embedded and #![no_std] devices.
The Embedonomicon	First #![no_std] from scratch on a Cortex-M.
The WebAssembly Book	Working with the web and producing .wasm files.
The wasm-bindgen Guide	How to bind Rust and JavaScript APIs in particular.

For more inofficial books see Little Book of Rust Books.

Comprehensive lookup tables for common components.

Tables 📋	Description
Rust Changelog	See all the things that changed in a particular version.
Rust Forge	Lists release train and links for people working on the compiler.
Rust Platform Support	All supported platforms and their Tier.
Rust Component History	Check nightly status of various Rust tools for a platform.
ALL the Clippy Lints	All the clippy lints you might be interested in.
Configuring Rustfmt	All rustfmt options you can use in .rustfmt.toml.
Compiler Error Index	Ever wondered what E0404 means?

Online services which provide information or tooling.

Services ⚙️	Description
crates.io	All 3rd party libraries for Rust.
std.rs	Shortcut to std documentation.
docs.rs	Documentation for 3rd party libraries, automatically generated from source.
lib.rs	Unofficial overview of quality Rust libraries and applications.
caniuse.rs	Check which Rust version introduced or stabilized a feature.
Rust Playground	Try and share snippets of Rust code.
Rust Search Extension	Browser extension to search docs, crates, attributes, books, …

 

Original article source at https://cheats.rs/

#rust #programming #developer 

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Serde Rust: Serialization Framework for Rust

Serde

*Serde is a framework for serializing and deserializing Rust data structures efficiently and generically.*

You may be looking for:

• An overview of Serde
• Data formats supported by Serde
• Setting up #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
• Examples
• API documentation
• Release notes

Serde in action

Click to show Cargo.toml. Run this code in the playground.

[dependencies]

# The core APIs, including the Serialize and Deserialize traits. Always
# required when using Serde. The "derive" feature is only required when
# using #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)] to make Serde work with structs
# and enums defined in your crate.
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }

# Each data format lives in its own crate; the sample code below uses JSON
# but you may be using a different one.
serde_json = "1.0"

 

use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
struct Point {
    x: i32,
    y: i32,
}

fn main() {
    let point = Point { x: 1, y: 2 };

    // Convert the Point to a JSON string.
    let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&point).unwrap();

    // Prints serialized = {"x":1,"y":2}
    println!("serialized = {}", serialized);

    // Convert the JSON string back to a Point.
    let deserialized: Point = serde_json::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();

    // Prints deserialized = Point { x: 1, y: 2 }
    println!("deserialized = {:?}", deserialized);
}

Getting help

Serde is one of the most widely used Rust libraries so any place that Rustaceans congregate will be able to help you out. For chat, consider trying the #rust-questions or #rust-beginners channels of the unofficial community Discord (invite: https://discord.gg/rust-lang-community), the #rust-usage or #beginners channels of the official Rust Project Discord (invite: https://discord.gg/rust-lang), or the #general stream in Zulip. For asynchronous, consider the [rust] tag on StackOverflow, the /r/rust subreddit which has a pinned weekly easy questions post, or the Rust Discourse forum. It's acceptable to file a support issue in this repo but they tend not to get as many eyes as any of the above and may get closed without a response after some time.

Download Details:
Author: serde-rs
Source Code: https://github.com/serde-rs/serde
License: View license

#rust  #rustlang 

Rust Language Cheat Sheet - Links & Services

Links & Services

These are other great guides and tables.

Cheat Sheets	Description
Rust Learning⭐	Probably the best collection of links about learning Rust.
Functional Jargon in Rust	A collection of functional programming jargon explained in Rust.
Periodic Table of Types	How various types and references correlate.
Futures	How to construct and work with futures.
Rust Iterator Cheat Sheet	Summary of iterator-related methods from std::iter and itertools.
Type-Based Rust Cheat Sheet	Lists common types and how they convert.

All major Rust books developed by the community.

Books ️📚	Description
The Rust Programming Language	Standard introduction to Rust, start here if you are new.
API Guidelines	How to write idiomatic and re-usable Rust.
Asynchronous Programming 🚧	Explains async code, Futures, ...
Design Patterns	Idioms, Patterns, Anti-Patterns.
Edition Guide	Working with Rust 2015, Rust 2018, and beyond.
Guide to Rustc Development	Explains how the compiler works internally.
Little Book of Rust Macros	Community's collective knowledge of Rust macros.
Reference 🚧	Reference of the Rust language.
RFC Book	Look up accepted RFCs and how they change the language.
Performance Book	Techniques to improve the speed and memory usage.
Rust Cookbook	Collection of simple examples that demonstrate good practices.
Rust in Easy English	Explains concepts in simplified English, good alternative start.
Rust for the Polyglot Programmer	A guide for the experienced programmer.
Rustdoc Book	Tips how to customize cargo doc and rustdoc.
Rustonomicon	Dark Arts of Advanced and Unsafe Rust Programming.
Unsafe Code Guidelines 🚧	Concise information about writing unsafe code.
Unstable Book	Information about unstable items, e.g, #![feature(...)].
The Cargo Book	How to use cargo and write Cargo.toml.
The CLI Book	Information about creating CLI tools.
The Embedded Book	Working with embedded and #![no_std] devices.
The Embedonomicon	First #![no_std] from scratch on a Cortex-M.
The WebAssembly Book	Working with the web and producing .wasm files.
The wasm-bindgen Guide	How to bind Rust and JavaScript APIs in particular.

For more inofficial books see Little Book of Rust Books.

Comprehensive lookup tables for common components.

Tables 📋	Description
Rust Changelog	See all the things that changed in a particular version.
Rust Forge	Lists release train and links for people working on the compiler.
Rust Platform Support	All supported platforms and their Tier.
Rust Component History	Check nightly status of various Rust tools for a platform.
ALL the Clippy Lints	All the clippy lints you might be interested in.
Configuring Rustfmt	All rustfmt options you can use in .rustfmt.toml.
Compiler Error Index	Ever wondered what E0404 means?

Online services which provide information or tooling.

Services ⚙️	Description
crates.io	All 3rd party libraries for Rust.
std.rs	Shortcut to std documentation.
docs.rs	Documentation for 3rd party libraries, automatically generated from source.
lib.rs	Unofficial overview of quality Rust libraries and applications.
caniuse.rs	Check which Rust version introduced or stabilized a feature.
Rust Playground	Try and share snippets of Rust code.
Rust Search Extension	Browser extension to search docs, crates, attributes, books, …

 

Original article source at https://cheats.rs/

#rust #programming #developer 

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Serde JSON: JSON Support for Serde Framework

Serde JSON

Serde is a framework for serializing and deserializing Rust data structures efficiently and generically.

[dependencies]
serde_json = "1.0"

You may be looking for:

• JSON API documentation
• Serde API documentation
• Detailed documentation about Serde
• Setting up #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
• Release notes

JSON is a ubiquitous open-standard format that uses human-readable text to transmit data objects consisting of key-value pairs.

{
    "name": "John Doe",
    "age": 43,
    "address": {
        "street": "10 Downing Street",
        "city": "London"
    },
    "phones": [
        "+44 1234567",
        "+44 2345678"
    ]
}

There are three common ways that you might find yourself needing to work with JSON data in Rust.

• As text data. An unprocessed string of JSON data that you receive on an HTTP endpoint, read from a file, or prepare to send to a remote server.
• As an untyped or loosely typed representation. Maybe you want to check that some JSON data is valid before passing it on, but without knowing the structure of what it contains. Or you want to do very basic manipulations like insert a key in a particular spot.
• As a strongly typed Rust data structure. When you expect all or most of your data to conform to a particular structure and want to get real work done without JSON's loosey-goosey nature tripping you up.

Serde JSON provides efficient, flexible, safe ways of converting data between each of these representations.

Operating on untyped JSON values

Any valid JSON data can be manipulated in the following recursive enum representation. This data structure is serde_json::Value.

enum Value {
    Null,
    Bool(bool),
    Number(Number),
    String(String),
    Array(Vec<Value>),
    Object(Map<String, Value>),
}

A string of JSON data can be parsed into a serde_json::Value by the serde_json::from_str function. There is also from_slice for parsing from a byte slice &[u8] and from_reader for parsing from any io::Read like a File or a TCP stream.

use serde_json::{Result, Value};

fn untyped_example() -> Result<()> {
    // Some JSON input data as a &str. Maybe this comes from the user.
    let data = r#"
        {
            "name": "John Doe",
            "age": 43,
            "phones": [
                "+44 1234567",
                "+44 2345678"
            ]
        }"#;

    // Parse the string of data into serde_json::Value.
    let v: Value = serde_json::from_str(data)?;

    // Access parts of the data by indexing with square brackets.
    println!("Please call {} at the number {}", v["name"], v["phones"][0]);

    Ok(())
}

The result of square bracket indexing like v["name"] is a borrow of the data at that index, so the type is &Value. A JSON map can be indexed with string keys, while a JSON array can be indexed with integer keys. If the type of the data is not right for the type with which it is being indexed, or if a map does not contain the key being indexed, or if the index into a vector is out of bounds, the returned element is Value::Null.

When a Value is printed, it is printed as a JSON string. So in the code above, the output looks like Please call "John Doe" at the number "+44 1234567". The quotation marks appear because v["name"] is a &Value containing a JSON string and its JSON representation is "John Doe". Printing as a plain string without quotation marks involves converting from a JSON string to a Rust string with as_str() or avoiding the use of Value as described in the following section.

The Value representation is sufficient for very basic tasks but can be tedious to work with for anything more significant. Error handling is verbose to implement correctly, for example imagine trying to detect the presence of unrecognized fields in the input data. The compiler is powerless to help you when you make a mistake, for example imagine typoing v["name"] as v["nmae"] in one of the dozens of places it is used in your code.

Parsing JSON as strongly typed data structures

Serde provides a powerful way of mapping JSON data into Rust data structures largely automatically.

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::Result;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Person {
    name: String,
    age: u8,
    phones: Vec<String>,
}

fn typed_example() -> Result<()> {
    // Some JSON input data as a &str. Maybe this comes from the user.
    let data = r#"
        {
            "name": "John Doe",
            "age": 43,
            "phones": [
                "+44 1234567",
                "+44 2345678"
            ]
        }"#;

    // Parse the string of data into a Person object. This is exactly the
    // same function as the one that produced serde_json::Value above, but
    // now we are asking it for a Person as output.
    let p: Person = serde_json::from_str(data)?;

    // Do things just like with any other Rust data structure.
    println!("Please call {} at the number {}", p.name, p.phones[0]);

    Ok(())
}

This is the same serde_json::from_str function as before, but this time we assign the return value to a variable of type Person so Serde will automatically interpret the input data as a Person and produce informative error messages if the layout does not conform to what a Person is expected to look like.

Any type that implements Serde's Deserialize trait can be deserialized this way. This includes built-in Rust standard library types like Vec<T> and HashMap<K, V>, as well as any structs or enums annotated with #[derive(Deserialize)].

Once we have p of type Person, our IDE and the Rust compiler can help us use it correctly like they do for any other Rust code. The IDE can autocomplete field names to prevent typos, which was impossible in the serde_json::Value representation. And the Rust compiler can check that when we write p.phones[0], then p.phones is guaranteed to be a Vec<String> so indexing into it makes sense and produces a String.

The necessary setup for using Serde's derive macros is explained on the Using derive page of the Serde site.

Constructing JSON values

Serde JSON provides a json! macro to build serde_json::Value objects with very natural JSON syntax.

use serde_json::json;

fn main() {
    // The type of `john` is `serde_json::Value`
    let john = json!({
        "name": "John Doe",
        "age": 43,
        "phones": [
            "+44 1234567",
            "+44 2345678"
        ]
    });

    println!("first phone number: {}", john["phones"][0]);

    // Convert to a string of JSON and print it out
    println!("{}", john.to_string());
}

The Value::to_string() function converts a serde_json::Value into a String of JSON text.

One neat thing about the json! macro is that variables and expressions can be interpolated directly into the JSON value as you are building it. Serde will check at compile time that the value you are interpolating is able to be represented as JSON.

let full_name = "John Doe";
let age_last_year = 42;

// The type of `john` is `serde_json::Value`
let john = json!({
    "name": full_name,
    "age": age_last_year + 1,
    "phones": [
        format!("+44 {}", random_phone())
    ]
});

This is amazingly convenient, but we have the problem we had before with Value: the IDE and Rust compiler cannot help us if we get it wrong. Serde JSON provides a better way of serializing strongly-typed data structures into JSON text.

Creating JSON by serializing data structures

A data structure can be converted to a JSON string by serde_json::to_string. There is also serde_json::to_vec which serializes to a Vec<u8> and serde_json::to_writer which serializes to any io::Write such as a File or a TCP stream.

use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::Result;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Address {
    street: String,
    city: String,
}

fn print_an_address() -> Result<()> {
    // Some data structure.
    let address = Address {
        street: "10 Downing Street".to_owned(),
        city: "London".to_owned(),
    };

    // Serialize it to a JSON string.
    let j = serde_json::to_string(&address)?;

    // Print, write to a file, or send to an HTTP server.
    println!("{}", j);

    Ok(())
}

Any type that implements Serde's Serialize trait can be serialized this way. This includes built-in Rust standard library types like Vec<T> and HashMap<K, V>, as well as any structs or enums annotated with #[derive(Serialize)].

Performance

It is fast. You should expect in the ballpark of 500 to 1000 megabytes per second deserialization and 600 to 900 megabytes per second serialization, depending on the characteristics of your data. This is competitive with the fastest C and C++ JSON libraries or even 30% faster for many use cases. Benchmarks live in the serde-rs/json-benchmark repo.

Getting help

Serde is one of the most widely used Rust libraries, so any place that Rustaceans congregate will be able to help you out. For chat, consider trying the #rust-questions or #rust-beginners channels of the unofficial community Discord (invite: https://discord.gg/rust-lang-community), the #rust-usage or #beginners channels of the official Rust Project Discord (invite: https://discord.gg/rust-lang), or the #general stream in Zulip. For asynchronous, consider the [rust] tag on StackOverflow, the /r/rust subreddit which has a pinned weekly easy questions post, or the Rust Discourse forum. It's acceptable to file a support issue in this repo, but they tend not to get as many eyes as any of the above and may get closed without a response after some time.

No-std support

As long as there is a memory allocator, it is possible to use serde_json without the rest of the Rust standard library. This is supported on Rust 1.36+. Disable the default "std" feature and enable the "alloc" feature:

[dependencies]
serde_json = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }

For JSON support in Serde without a memory allocator, please see the serde-json-core crate.

Link: https://crates.io/crates/serde_json

#rust  #rustlang  #encode   #json 

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