Unit Testing Angular 9 Application with Jasmine and Karma

Angular 9 Unit Testing tutorial with an example. We will learn how to write unit tests in for services and component in an Angular app using the Jasmine framework and karma (JavaScript Test Runner).

We always ship our final product after making thorough testing, It is a fundamental step in software development, and it can be done via various testing methods.

There are many methods to test our code, such as automated testing, manual testing, performance testing, automated unit testing. These testing methods are chosen as per the testing requirement of an application.

There are 3 types of tests:

• Unit tests
• Integration tests
• End-to-End (e2e) tests

In this tutorial, we will focus on unit testing with Jasmine and Karma.

Table of Contents

• Angular 9 Unit Testing Example
• Karma in Angular 8/9
• Configure Development Environment
• Setting Up Angular App
• Angular Component Testing Example
• Unit Testing with Angular Service with HttpClient & HttpTestingController API
• Conclusion

Angular 9 Unit Testing Example

A unit test is the process of examining the specific part of the application and make sure it is working correctly and most importantly unit tests are written by developers.

Jasmine is an open-source behavior-driven testing framework crafted by Pivotal Labs. It is installed via Angular CLI and offers the hassle-free testing experience to test an Angular and JavaScript code.

Jasmine provides several valuable functions to write tests. Here are the main Jasmine methods:

• it(): Declaration of a particular test
• describe(): It’s a suite of tests
• expect(): Expect some value in true form

Writing tests with Jasmine and Karma is very easy, so, we will create a basic Angular application, then create a simple Angular component and service. Then, we will write some test cases for Angular component, and also write unit test a service with HttpTestingController.

Let’s get started testing an Angular component with the Jasmine test framework.

Karma in Angular 8/9

Karma is a test runner tool, it creates a browser instance, run tests to provide the expected results.

The benefit of using Karma is that it can be operated via command line and It refreshes the browser automatically whenever we make even minor changes in our app.

Configure Development Environment

To get along with this tutorial you must have Node js and npm configured on your system. Skip this step, If you have already configured otherwise follow the below tutorial to set up Node and NPM on your device.

Downloading and installing Node.js and npm

Also, you must have installed the latest version of Angular CLI on your system.

npm install -g @angular/cli@latest

If Node, NPM, and Angular CLI configured adequately, then go to the next step.

Setting Up Angular App

Next, install the Angular project by running the below command:

ng new ng-unit-test

Head over to the project folder by using the following command:

cd ng-unit-test

Start the app on the browser:

ng serve --open

Now, you can view your app on the browser on the following port: localhost:4200.

Angular Component Testing Example

An Angular component is a collection of HTML template and a TypeScript class. So, to test a component first, we need to create a component.

Let’s name it pizza and run the below command to create the component.

ng generate component pizza

Above command has created a pizza folder, and inside the pizza folder create a title variable and assign some value to it.

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-pizza',
  templateUrl: './pizza.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./pizza.component.css']
})

export class PizzaComponent implements OnInit {

  title = "I love pizza!"

  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit() {
  }

}

You can see there is another file created pizza.component.spec.ts and this is a test file which is responsible for testing in Angular and testing file looks like this.

import { async, ComponentFixture, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';

import { PizzaComponent } from './pizza.component';

describe('PizzaComponent', () => {
  let component: PizzaComponent;
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<PizzaComponent>;

  beforeEach(async(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [ PizzaComponent ]
    })
    .compileComponents();
  }));

  beforeEach(() => {
    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(PizzaComponent);
    component = fixture.componentInstance;
    fixture.detectChanges();
  });

  it('should create', () => {
    expect(component).toBeTruthy();
  });
});

Writing tests in Angular is easy, now we are going to write a simple test within the describe() function.

it(`should have a title 'I love pizza!'`, async(() => {
  fixture = TestBed.createComponent(PizzaComponent);
  component = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance;
  expect(component.title).toEqual('I love pizza!');
}));

You need to use the ng test command to start testing an Angular component.

ng test

Above command built the app in watch mode and launched the karma.

The ng test command opened the watch mode in karma.

We added some content in the pizza component. Then we created the pizza component instance to verify its properties and functions inside of it for testing purpose.

Now, as you can see in the screenshot 5 specs and 0 failures, this means we passed the test for pizza as well as for AppComponent’s properties.

The fixture creates a wrapper around a component instance, The fixture TestBed.createComponent() method allows accessing the component and its template.

Unit Testing with Angular Service with HttpClient & HttpTestingController API

Next, we are going to look at how to unit test a service that handles the http requests in Angular.

Run the following command to create service inside the shared folder:

ng g s shared/post

We are using free REST API from JSONPlaceholder, a big thanks to them for providing such a beautiful collection of REST APIs.

After running the above command, we have got the following files:

app/shared/post.service.spec.ts

app/shared/post.service.ts

Next, import and register the PostService in app.module.ts file, also import and register HttpClientModule in the main app module file.

// app.module.ts

import { PostService } from './shared/post.service';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [...],
  imports: [
    HttpClientModule
  ],
  providers: [PostService],
  bootstrap: [...]
})

export class AppModule { }

Add the following code in the post.service.ts file, api is called and returns an Observable in the form of posts list. The JSONPlaceholder API returns an Observable and we are subscribing to it to get the posts data.

// shared/post.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';

export interface Post {
  userId: number;
  id: number;
  title: string;
  body: string;
}

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})

export class PostService {
  REST_API: string = 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts';

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  getPosts(): Observable<Post[]> {
    return this.http.get<Post[]>(`${this.REST_API}`)
  }
}

HttpTestingController service are beneficial in mocking the HTTP requests, and this process can not be followed without taking the help of HttpClientTestingModule.

In this Angular 9 tutorial, we are going to write a unit test for mocking the HTTP GET request by taking the help of the HttpTestingController service.

Add the following code in the shared/post.service.spec.ts file.

import { TestBed, async, inject } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { HttpClientTestingModule, HttpTestingController } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { PostService } from './post.service';

describe('PostService', () => {
  let postService: PostService;
  let httpMock: HttpTestingController;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [
        HttpClientTestingModule,
      ],
      providers: [
        PostService
      ],
    });

    postService = TestBed.get(PostService);
    httpMock = TestBed.get(HttpTestingController);
  });

  it(`should fetch posts as an Observable`, async(inject([HttpTestingController, PostService],
    (httpClient: HttpTestingController, postService: PostService) => {

      const postItem = [
        {
          "userId": 1,
          "id": 1,
          "title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
          "body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quas totam\nnostrum rerum est autem sunt rem eveniet architecto"
        },
        {
          "userId": 1,
          "id": 2,
          "title": "qui est esse",
          "body": "est rerum tempore vitae\nsequi sint nihil reprehenderit dolor beatae ea dolores neque\nfugiat blanditiis voluptate porro vel nihil molestiae ut reiciendis\nqui aperiam non debitis possimus qui neque nisi nulla"
        },
        {
          "userId": 1,
          "id": 3,
          "title": "ea molestias quasi exercitationem repellat qui ipsa sit aut",
          "body": "et iusto sed quo iure\nvoluptatem occaecati omnis eligendi aut ad\nvoluptatem doloribus vel accusantium quis pariatur\nmolestiae porro eius odio et labore et velit aut"
        }
      ];

      postService.getPosts()
        .subscribe((posts: any) => {
          expect(posts.length).toBe(3);
        });

      let req = httpMock.expectOne('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts');
      expect(req.request.method).toBe("GET");

      req.flush(postItem);
      httpMock.verify();

    })));
});

Conclusion

Finally, Unit Testing Angular 9 Application with Jasmine & Karma tutorial with example is over. In this tutorial, we covered the following topics:

• What types of tests?
• What is unit testing?
• How to unit test an Angular component?
• How to test an Angular application from scratch?
• How to unit test an Angular Service with HttpClient and HttpTestingController?

You can get the complete code of this tutorial on this Github repository.

#Testing #Jasmine #angular #javascript

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Basic Introduction to Unit Testing in Angular

What is Unit Testing?

Unit testing is testing a unit in an isolated environment. A unit can be a class, component, service, directive module, etc. which can be logically separated from the software. Any unit in an app is not isolated, it’s quite normal that it will be depending on the other units in an application for resources like data or methods.

So if we do an integrated test of the application and it fails then it’s hard to identify where exactly the code is breaking. So the purpose of unit testing is to test each unit individually and see if it’s working fine.

Benefits of Unit Testing

Reveal design mistakes

You may encounter difficulty while writing tests which might reveal that the design is not correct and you may be violating some important coding principles. Or after running the test it shows unexpected behavior.

Add new features without breaking anything

If you add any new feature into existing code and after running test passes then you can be confident it won’t break the application.

Simplifies debugging process

As discussed earlier it makes it easy to exactly identify where the code is breaking.

Tests make developers more confident about their work

So, we will understand unit testing in angular by looking at some basic simple examples and then getting to know why and how we have done.

#angular #angular #angular9 #jasmine #karma #testing #unit tesing in angular #unit testing

Wondering how to upgrade your skills in the pandemic? Here's a simple way you can do it.

Corona Virus Pandemic has brought the world to a standstill.

Countries are on a major lockdown. Schools, colleges, theatres, gym, clubs, and all other public places are shut down, the country’s economy is suffering, human health is on stake, people are losing their jobs and nobody knows how worse it can get.

Since most of the places are on lockdown, and you are working from home or have enough time to nourish your skills, then you should use this time wisely! We always complain that we want some ‘time’ to learn and upgrade our knowledge but don’t get it due to our ‘busy schedules’. So, now is the time to make a ‘list of skills’ and learn and upgrade your skills at home!

And for the technology-loving people like us, Knoldus Techhub has already helped us a lot in doing it in a short span of time!

If you are still not aware of it, don’t worry as Georgia Byng has well said,

“No time is better than the present”

– Georgia Byng, a British children’s writer, illustrator, actress and film producer.

No matter if you are a developer (be it front-end or back-end) or a data scientist, tester, or a DevOps person, or, a learner who has a keen interest in technology, Knoldus Techhub has brought it all for you under one common roof.

From technologies like Scala, spark, elastic-search to angular, go, machine learning, it has a total of 20 technologies with some recently added ones i.e. DAML, test automation, snowflake, and ionic.

How to upgrade your skills?

Every technology in Tech-hub has n number of templates. Once you click on any specific technology you’ll be able to see all the templates of that technology. Since these templates are downloadable, you need to provide your email to get the template downloadable link in your mail.

These templates helps you learn the practical implementation of a topic with so much of ease. Using these templates you can learn and kick-start your development in no time.

Apart from your learning, there are some out of the box templates, that can help provide the solution to your business problem that has all the basic dependencies/ implementations already plugged in. Tech hub names these templates as xlr8rs (pronounced as accelerators).

xlr8rs make your development real fast by just adding your core business logic to the template.

If you are looking for a template that’s not available, you can also request a template may be for learning or requesting for a solution to your business problem and tech-hub will connect with you to provide you the solution. Isn’t this helpful 🙂

Confused with which technology to start with?

To keep you updated, the Knoldus tech hub provides you with the information on the most trending technology and the most downloaded templates at present. This you’ll be informed and learn the one that’s most trending.

Since we believe:

“There’s always a scope of improvement“

If you still feel like it isn’t helping you in learning and development, you can provide your feedback in the feedback section in the bottom right corner of the website.

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Unit Testing Angular 9 Application with Jasmine and Karma

Angular 9 Unit Testing tutorial with an example. We will learn how to write unit tests in for services and component in an Angular app using the Jasmine framework and karma (JavaScript Test Runner).

We always ship our final product after making thorough testing, It is a fundamental step in software development, and it can be done via various testing methods.

There are many methods to test our code, such as automated testing, manual testing, performance testing, automated unit testing. These testing methods are chosen as per the testing requirement of an application.

There are 3 types of tests:

• Unit tests
• Integration tests
• End-to-End (e2e) tests

In this tutorial, we will focus on unit testing with Jasmine and Karma.

Table of Contents

• Angular 9 Unit Testing Example
• Karma in Angular 8/9
• Configure Development Environment
• Setting Up Angular App
• Angular Component Testing Example
• Unit Testing with Angular Service with HttpClient & HttpTestingController API
• Conclusion

Angular 9 Unit Testing Example

A unit test is the process of examining the specific part of the application and make sure it is working correctly and most importantly unit tests are written by developers.

Jasmine is an open-source behavior-driven testing framework crafted by Pivotal Labs. It is installed via Angular CLI and offers the hassle-free testing experience to test an Angular and JavaScript code.

Jasmine provides several valuable functions to write tests. Here are the main Jasmine methods:

• it(): Declaration of a particular test
• describe(): It’s a suite of tests
• expect(): Expect some value in true form

Writing tests with Jasmine and Karma is very easy, so, we will create a basic Angular application, then create a simple Angular component and service. Then, we will write some test cases for Angular component, and also write unit test a service with HttpTestingController.

Let’s get started testing an Angular component with the Jasmine test framework.

Karma in Angular 8/9

Karma is a test runner tool, it creates a browser instance, run tests to provide the expected results.

The benefit of using Karma is that it can be operated via command line and It refreshes the browser automatically whenever we make even minor changes in our app.

Configure Development Environment

To get along with this tutorial you must have Node js and npm configured on your system. Skip this step, If you have already configured otherwise follow the below tutorial to set up Node and NPM on your device.

Downloading and installing Node.js and npm

Also, you must have installed the latest version of Angular CLI on your system.

npm install -g @angular/cli@latest

If Node, NPM, and Angular CLI configured adequately, then go to the next step.

Setting Up Angular App

Next, install the Angular project by running the below command:

ng new ng-unit-test

Head over to the project folder by using the following command:

cd ng-unit-test

Start the app on the browser:

ng serve --open

Now, you can view your app on the browser on the following port: localhost:4200.

Angular Component Testing Example

An Angular component is a collection of HTML template and a TypeScript class. So, to test a component first, we need to create a component.

Let’s name it pizza and run the below command to create the component.

ng generate component pizza

Above command has created a pizza folder, and inside the pizza folder create a title variable and assign some value to it.

import { Component, OnInit } from '@angular/core';

@Component({
  selector: 'app-pizza',
  templateUrl: './pizza.component.html',
  styleUrls: ['./pizza.component.css']
})

export class PizzaComponent implements OnInit {

  title = "I love pizza!"

  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit() {
  }

}

You can see there is another file created pizza.component.spec.ts and this is a test file which is responsible for testing in Angular and testing file looks like this.

import { async, ComponentFixture, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';

import { PizzaComponent } from './pizza.component';

describe('PizzaComponent', () => {
  let component: PizzaComponent;
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<PizzaComponent>;

  beforeEach(async(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [ PizzaComponent ]
    })
    .compileComponents();
  }));

  beforeEach(() => {
    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(PizzaComponent);
    component = fixture.componentInstance;
    fixture.detectChanges();
  });

  it('should create', () => {
    expect(component).toBeTruthy();
  });
});

Writing tests in Angular is easy, now we are going to write a simple test within the describe() function.

it(`should have a title 'I love pizza!'`, async(() => {
  fixture = TestBed.createComponent(PizzaComponent);
  component = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance;
  expect(component.title).toEqual('I love pizza!');
}));

You need to use the ng test command to start testing an Angular component.

ng test

Above command built the app in watch mode and launched the karma.

The ng test command opened the watch mode in karma.

We added some content in the pizza component. Then we created the pizza component instance to verify its properties and functions inside of it for testing purpose.

Now, as you can see in the screenshot 5 specs and 0 failures, this means we passed the test for pizza as well as for AppComponent’s properties.

The fixture creates a wrapper around a component instance, The fixture TestBed.createComponent() method allows accessing the component and its template.

Unit Testing with Angular Service with HttpClient & HttpTestingController API

Next, we are going to look at how to unit test a service that handles the http requests in Angular.

Run the following command to create service inside the shared folder:

ng g s shared/post

We are using free REST API from JSONPlaceholder, a big thanks to them for providing such a beautiful collection of REST APIs.

After running the above command, we have got the following files:

app/shared/post.service.spec.ts

app/shared/post.service.ts

Next, import and register the PostService in app.module.ts file, also import and register HttpClientModule in the main app module file.

// app.module.ts

import { PostService } from './shared/post.service';
import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';

@NgModule({
  declarations: [...],
  imports: [
    HttpClientModule
  ],
  providers: [PostService],
  bootstrap: [...]
})

export class AppModule { }

Add the following code in the post.service.ts file, api is called and returns an Observable in the form of posts list. The JSONPlaceholder API returns an Observable and we are subscribing to it to get the posts data.

// shared/post.service.ts

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';

export interface Post {
  userId: number;
  id: number;
  title: string;
  body: string;
}

@Injectable({
  providedIn: 'root'
})

export class PostService {
  REST_API: string = 'https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts';

  constructor(private http: HttpClient) { }

  getPosts(): Observable<Post[]> {
    return this.http.get<Post[]>(`${this.REST_API}`)
  }
}

HttpTestingController service are beneficial in mocking the HTTP requests, and this process can not be followed without taking the help of HttpClientTestingModule.

In this Angular 9 tutorial, we are going to write a unit test for mocking the HTTP GET request by taking the help of the HttpTestingController service.

Add the following code in the shared/post.service.spec.ts file.

import { TestBed, async, inject } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { HttpClientTestingModule, HttpTestingController } from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import { PostService } from './post.service';

describe('PostService', () => {
  let postService: PostService;
  let httpMock: HttpTestingController;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [
        HttpClientTestingModule,
      ],
      providers: [
        PostService
      ],
    });

    postService = TestBed.get(PostService);
    httpMock = TestBed.get(HttpTestingController);
  });

  it(`should fetch posts as an Observable`, async(inject([HttpTestingController, PostService],
    (httpClient: HttpTestingController, postService: PostService) => {

      const postItem = [
        {
          "userId": 1,
          "id": 1,
          "title": "sunt aut facere repellat provident occaecati excepturi optio reprehenderit",
          "body": "quia et suscipit\nsuscipit recusandae consequuntur expedita et cum\nreprehenderit molestiae ut ut quas totam\nnostrum rerum est autem sunt rem eveniet architecto"
        },
        {
          "userId": 1,
          "id": 2,
          "title": "qui est esse",
          "body": "est rerum tempore vitae\nsequi sint nihil reprehenderit dolor beatae ea dolores neque\nfugiat blanditiis voluptate porro vel nihil molestiae ut reiciendis\nqui aperiam non debitis possimus qui neque nisi nulla"
        },
        {
          "userId": 1,
          "id": 3,
          "title": "ea molestias quasi exercitationem repellat qui ipsa sit aut",
          "body": "et iusto sed quo iure\nvoluptatem occaecati omnis eligendi aut ad\nvoluptatem doloribus vel accusantium quis pariatur\nmolestiae porro eius odio et labore et velit aut"
        }
      ];

      postService.getPosts()
        .subscribe((posts: any) => {
          expect(posts.length).toBe(3);
        });

      let req = httpMock.expectOne('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts');
      expect(req.request.method).toBe("GET");

      req.flush(postItem);
      httpMock.verify();

    })));
});

Conclusion

Finally, Unit Testing Angular 9 Application with Jasmine & Karma tutorial with example is over. In this tutorial, we covered the following topics:

• What types of tests?
• What is unit testing?
• How to unit test an Angular component?
• How to test an Angular application from scratch?
• How to unit test an Angular Service with HttpClient and HttpTestingController?

You can get the complete code of this tutorial on this Github repository.

#Testing #Jasmine #angular #javascript

Testing Microservices Applications

The shift towards microservices and modular applications makes testing more important and more challenging at the same time. You have to make sure that the microservices running in containers perform well and as intended, but you can no longer rely on conventional testing strategies to get the job done.

This is where new testing approaches are needed. Testing your microservices applications require the right approach, a suitable set of tools, and immense attention to details. This article will guide you through the process of testing your microservices and talk about the challenges you will have to overcome along the way. Let’s get started, shall we?

A Brave New World

Traditionally, testing a monolith application meant configuring a test environment and setting up all of the application components in a way that matched the production environment. It took time to set up the testing environment, and there were a lot of complexities around the process.

Testing also requires the application to run in full. It is not possible to test monolith apps on a per-component basis, mainly because there is usually a base code that ties everything together, and the app is designed to run as a complete app to work properly.

Microservices running in containers offer one particular advantage: universal compatibility. You don’t have to match the testing environment with the deployment architecture exactly, and you can get away with testing individual components rather than the full app in some situations.

Of course, you will have to embrace the new cloud-native approach across the pipeline. Rather than creating critical dependencies between microservices, you need to treat each one as a semi-independent module.

The only monolith or centralized portion of the application is the database, but this too is an easy challenge to overcome. As long as you have a persistent database running on your test environment, you can perform tests at any time.

Keep in mind that there are additional things to focus on when testing microservices.

• Microservices rely on network communications to talk to each other, so network reliability and requirements must be part of the testing.
• Automation and infrastructure elements are now added as codes, and you have to make sure that they also run properly when microservices are pushed through the pipeline
• While containerization is universal, you still have to pay attention to specific dependencies and create a testing strategy that allows for those dependencies to be included

Test containers are the method of choice for many developers. Unlike monolith apps, which lets you use stubs and mocks for testing, microservices need to be tested in test containers. Many CI/CD pipelines actually integrate production microservices as part of the testing process.

Contract Testing as an Approach

As mentioned before, there are many ways to test microservices effectively, but the one approach that developers now use reliably is contract testing. Loosely coupled microservices can be tested in an effective and efficient way using contract testing, mainly because this testing approach focuses on contracts; in other words, it focuses on how components or microservices communicate with each other.

Syntax and semantics construct how components communicate with each other. By defining syntax and semantics in a standardized way and testing microservices based on their ability to generate the right message formats and meet behavioral expectations, you can rest assured knowing that the microservices will behave as intended when deployed.

Ways to Test Microservices

It is easy to fall into the trap of making testing microservices complicated, but there are ways to avoid this problem. Testing microservices doesn’t have to be complicated at all when you have the right strategy in place.

There are several ways to test microservices too, including:

• Unit testing: Which allows developers to test microservices in a granular way. It doesn’t limit testing to individual microservices, but rather allows developers to take a more granular approach such as testing individual features or runtimes.
• Integration testing: Which handles the testing of microservices in an interactive way. Microservices still need to work with each other when they are deployed, and integration testing is a key process in making sure that they do.
• End-to-end testing: Which⁠—as the name suggests⁠—tests microservices as a complete app. This type of testing enables the testing of features, UI, communications, and other components that construct the app.

What’s important to note is the fact that these testing approaches allow for asynchronous testing. After all, asynchronous development is what makes developing microservices very appealing in the first place. By allowing for asynchronous testing, you can also make sure that components or microservices can be updated independently to one another.

#blog #microservices #testing #caylent #contract testing #end-to-end testing #hoverfly #integration testing #microservices #microservices architecture #pact #testing #unit testing #vagrant #vcr

Angular Unit Testing : Unit Test Angular Component With Service | Karma | Jasmine

Angular Unit Testing : Unit Test Angular Component With Service | Karma | Jasmine

In this video, you’ll learn how to write a unit test case for an Angular component method which is using a service to make asynchronous API calls.

For the written tutorial version you can check the CodeHandbook blog.
https://codehandbook.org/how-to-unit-test-angular-component-with-service/

#angular #karma #jasmine