How to Set up a Video Interview in This Pandemic

Preparing for a video interview requires research, practice, and set design. This article tells you how to prepare–and make eye-contact through a screen.

Image for post

This is what a virtual interview looks like. This is what it feels like. Interviews are already nerve-racking, but when you throw a video element into it, it becomes that much more anxiety-inducing for a lot of people.

With many of us home now, chances are your next interview will be done through a screen and, well It’s really hard to make that connection with the interview, but one of the best ways you can do that is to present well.

Set the Scene

So ideally, you want to have a nice, clean, simple background. Just the blank wall is perfectly fine. You also want to think about lighting. For example, if you have lighting behind you, you could end up looking like a silhouette on the screen.

Ideally, natural lighting is the best, so if you have a window that you can face

or a window to your side, that would be perfect. But also, if you don’t have a window to provide natural lighting, you can resort to using a desk lamp. And you want to have your camera at eye level with you.

That way, you’re not looking up at the interviewer and they’re peering up your nostrils and you’re also not looking down on them. If you just grab a couple of books and pile them up and sit the laptop on top of that, that is gonna raise it enough to bring that camera right at the eye level for you.

Plan your Outfit

Do a little bit of research about the company so you know what their culture is going into it. You don’t want to show up to your virtual interview in a nice suit if they’re a very casual company. Keep your ensemble basic. Don’t go for really busy patterns. And try to stay away from solid colours

that is bright as those can kind of wash you out on screen.

So you might not necessarily consider your headphones as being an accessory or part of your everyday outfit, but it’s something that you need to consider not using when you are getting prepared for a remote interview.

When you think of somebody with headphones in, they’re unapproachable and somebody that you don’t want to speak to, so forgo using the headphones and just stick with using the external speakers, microphones

that you have on your computer.

(bell dings) — Hello, hello, hello.

Test your Tech

It’s making sure that your webcam is working, your speakers are working.

You need to make sure you have enough internet speed. Generally speaking, programs like Zoom prefer 1.8 megabytes per second to stream a one-on-one video call, and you can easily test your internet speed going on Google and just typing speed test and you’ll get tons of different options.

If you’re relying on Wi-Fi that’s kind of a little inconsistent with the connectivity, you can always just invest in an ethernet cable, plug that directly into your computer and into your modem and you’re gonna have much more stable internet connection.

Practice

And a great way to do that is just to, you know, use a friend or a family member who’s willing to hop on a video call with you. It makes all the difference and especially when it comes to eye contact. We tend to look down on the screen, but what that looks like on the other side is that you’re looking away and not genuinely looking at the person that you’re talking to.

So it’s always important to practice and look directly into the camera. If you get easily distracted by your image on the screen, a really simple thing you can do to avoid that just uses a Post-It note and cover up your image. That way, you’re not gonna be distracted by it and it’s out of sight and out of mind.

#careers #interview #jobs #startup #hiring

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How to Set up a Video Interview in This Pandemic

Hermann Frami

1651383480

A Simple Wrapper Around Amplify AppSync Simulator

This serverless plugin is a wrapper for amplify-appsync-simulator made for testing AppSync APIs built with serverless-appsync-plugin.

Install

npm install serverless-appsync-simulator
# or
yarn add serverless-appsync-simulator

Usage

This plugin relies on your serverless yml file and on the serverless-offline plugin.

plugins:
  - serverless-dynamodb-local # only if you need dynamodb resolvers and you don't have an external dynamodb
  - serverless-appsync-simulator
  - serverless-offline

Note: Order is important serverless-appsync-simulator must go before serverless-offline

To start the simulator, run the following command:

sls offline start

You should see in the logs something like:

...
Serverless: AppSync endpoint: http://localhost:20002/graphql
Serverless: GraphiQl: http://localhost:20002
...

Configuration

Put options under custom.appsync-simulator in your serverless.yml file

| option | default | description | | ------------------------ | -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | | apiKey | 0123456789 | When using API_KEY as authentication type, the key to authenticate to the endpoint. | | port | 20002 | AppSync operations port; if using multiple APIs, the value of this option will be used as a starting point, and each other API will have a port of lastPort + 10 (e.g. 20002, 20012, 20022, etc.) | | wsPort | 20003 | AppSync subscriptions port; if using multiple APIs, the value of this option will be used as a starting point, and each other API will have a port of lastPort + 10 (e.g. 20003, 20013, 20023, etc.) | | location | . (base directory) | Location of the lambda functions handlers. | | refMap | {} | A mapping of resource resolutions for the Ref function | | getAttMap | {} | A mapping of resource resolutions for the GetAtt function | | importValueMap | {} | A mapping of resource resolutions for the ImportValue function | | functions | {} | A mapping of external functions for providing invoke url for external fucntions | | dynamoDb.endpoint | http://localhost:8000 | Dynamodb endpoint. Specify it if you're not using serverless-dynamodb-local. Otherwise, port is taken from dynamodb-local conf | | dynamoDb.region | localhost | Dynamodb region. Specify it if you're connecting to a remote Dynamodb intance. | | dynamoDb.accessKeyId | DEFAULT_ACCESS_KEY | AWS Access Key ID to access DynamoDB | | dynamoDb.secretAccessKey | DEFAULT_SECRET | AWS Secret Key to access DynamoDB | | dynamoDb.sessionToken | DEFAULT_ACCESS_TOKEEN | AWS Session Token to access DynamoDB, only if you have temporary security credentials configured on AWS | | dynamoDb.* | | You can add every configuration accepted by DynamoDB SDK | | rds.dbName | | Name of the database | | rds.dbHost | | Database host | | rds.dbDialect | | Database dialect. Possible values (mysql | postgres) | | rds.dbUsername | | Database username | | rds.dbPassword | | Database password | | rds.dbPort | | Database port | | watch | - *.graphql
- *.vtl | Array of glob patterns to watch for hot-reloading. |

Example:

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    location: '.webpack/service' # use webpack build directory
    dynamoDb:
      endpoint: 'http://my-custom-dynamo:8000'

Hot-reloading

By default, the simulator will hot-relad when changes to *.graphql or *.vtl files are detected. Changes to *.yml files are not supported (yet? - this is a Serverless Framework limitation). You will need to restart the simulator each time you change yml files.

Hot-reloading relies on watchman. Make sure it is installed on your system.

You can change the files being watched with the watch option, which is then passed to watchman as the match expression.

e.g.

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    watch:
      - ["match", "handlers/**/*.vtl", "wholename"] # => array is interpreted as the literal match expression
      - "*.graphql"                                 # => string like this is equivalent to `["match", "*.graphql"]`

Or you can opt-out by leaving an empty array or set the option to false

Note: Functions should not require hot-reloading, unless you are using a transpiler or a bundler (such as webpack, babel or typescript), un which case you should delegate hot-reloading to that instead.

Resource CloudFormation functions resolution

This plugin supports some resources resolution from the Ref, Fn::GetAtt and Fn::ImportValue functions in your yaml file. It also supports some other Cfn functions such as Fn::Join, Fb::Sub, etc.

Note: Under the hood, this features relies on the cfn-resolver-lib package. For more info on supported cfn functions, refer to the documentation

Basic usage

You can reference resources in your functions' environment variables (that will be accessible from your lambda functions) or datasource definitions. The plugin will automatically resolve them for you.

provider:
  environment:
    BUCKET_NAME:
      Ref: MyBucket # resolves to `my-bucket-name`

resources:
  Resources:
    MyDbTable:
      Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
      Properties:
        TableName: myTable
      ...
    MyBucket:
      Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
      Properties:
        BucketName: my-bucket-name
    ...

# in your appsync config
dataSources:
  - type: AMAZON_DYNAMODB
    name: dynamosource
    config:
      tableName:
        Ref: MyDbTable # resolves to `myTable`

Override (or mock) values

Sometimes, some references cannot be resolved, as they come from an Output from Cloudformation; or you might want to use mocked values in your local environment.

In those cases, you can define (or override) those values using the refMap, getAttMap and importValueMap options.

refMap takes a mapping of resource name to value pairs
getAttMap takes a mapping of resource name to attribute/values pairs
importValueMap takes a mapping of import name to values pairs

Example:

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    refMap:
      # Override `MyDbTable` resolution from the previous example.
      MyDbTable: 'mock-myTable'
    getAttMap:
      # define ElasticSearchInstance DomainName
      ElasticSearchInstance:
        DomainEndpoint: 'localhost:9200'
    importValueMap:
      other-service-api-url: 'https://other.api.url.com/graphql'

# in your appsync config
dataSources:
  - type: AMAZON_ELASTICSEARCH
    name: elasticsource
    config:
      # endpoint resolves as 'http://localhost:9200'
      endpoint:
        Fn::Join:
          - ''
          - - https://
            - Fn::GetAtt:
                - ElasticSearchInstance
                - DomainEndpoint

Key-value mock notation

In some special cases you will need to use key-value mock nottation. Good example can be case when you need to include serverless stage value (${self:provider.stage}) in the import name.

This notation can be used with all mocks - refMap, getAttMap and importValueMap

provider:
  environment:
    FINISH_ACTIVITY_FUNCTION_ARN:
      Fn::ImportValue: other-service-api-${self:provider.stage}-url

custom:
  serverless-appsync-simulator:
    importValueMap:
      - key: other-service-api-${self:provider.stage}-url
        value: 'https://other.api.url.com/graphql'

Limitations

This plugin only tries to resolve the following parts of the yml tree:

provider.environment
functions[*].environment
custom.appSync

If you have the need of resolving others, feel free to open an issue and explain your use case.

For now, the supported resources to be automatically resovled by Ref: are:

DynamoDb tables
S3 Buckets

Feel free to open a PR or an issue to extend them as well.

External functions

When a function is not defined withing the current serverless file you can still call it by providing an invoke url which should point to a REST method. Make sure you specify "get" or "post" for the method. Default is "get", but you probably want "post".

custom:
  appsync-simulator:
    functions:
      addUser:
        url: http://localhost:3016/2015-03-31/functions/addUser/invocations
        method: post
      addPost:
        url: https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts
        method: post

Supported Resolver types

This plugin supports resolvers implemented by amplify-appsync-simulator, as well as custom resolvers.

From Aws Amplify:

NONE
AWS_LAMBDA
AMAZON_DYNAMODB
PIPELINE

Implemented by this plugin

AMAZON_ELASTIC_SEARCH
HTTP
RELATIONAL_DATABASE

Relational Database

Sample VTL for a create mutation

#set( $cols = [] )
#set( $vals = [] )
#foreach( $entry in $ctx.args.input.keySet() )
  #set( $regex = "([a-z])([A-Z]+)")
  #set( $replacement = "$1_$2")
  #set( $toSnake = $entry.replaceAll($regex, $replacement).toLowerCase() )
  #set( $discard = $cols.add("$toSnake") )
  #if( $util.isBoolean($ctx.args.input[$entry]) )
      #if( $ctx.args.input[$entry] )
        #set( $discard = $vals.add("1") )
      #else
        #set( $discard = $vals.add("0") )
      #end
  #else
      #set( $discard = $vals.add("'$ctx.args.input[$entry]'") )
  #end
#end
#set( $valStr = $vals.toString().replace("[","(").replace("]",")") )
#set( $colStr = $cols.toString().replace("[","(").replace("]",")") )
#if ( $valStr.substring(0, 1) != '(' )
  #set( $valStr = "($valStr)" )
#end
#if ( $colStr.substring(0, 1) != '(' )
  #set( $colStr = "($colStr)" )
#end
{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   ["INSERT INTO <name-of-table> $colStr VALUES $valStr", "SELECT * FROM    <name-of-table> ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1"]
}

Sample VTL for an update mutation

#set( $update = "" )
#set( $equals = "=" )
#foreach( $entry in $ctx.args.input.keySet() )
  #set( $cur = $ctx.args.input[$entry] )
  #set( $regex = "([a-z])([A-Z]+)")
  #set( $replacement = "$1_$2")
  #set( $toSnake = $entry.replaceAll($regex, $replacement).toLowerCase() )
  #if( $util.isBoolean($cur) )
      #if( $cur )
        #set ( $cur = "1" )
      #else
        #set ( $cur = "0" )
      #end
  #end
  #if ( $util.isNullOrEmpty($update) )
      #set($update = "$toSnake$equals'$cur'" )
  #else
      #set($update = "$update,$toSnake$equals'$cur'" )
  #end
#end
{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   ["UPDATE <name-of-table> SET $update WHERE id=$ctx.args.input.id", "SELECT * FROM <name-of-table> WHERE id=$ctx.args.input.id"]
}

Sample resolver for delete mutation

{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   ["UPDATE <name-of-table> set deleted_at=NOW() WHERE id=$ctx.args.id", "SELECT * FROM <name-of-table> WHERE id=$ctx.args.id"]
}

Sample mutation response VTL with support for handling AWSDateTime

#set ( $index = -1)
#set ( $result = $util.parseJson($ctx.result) )
#set ( $meta = $result.sqlStatementResults[1].columnMetadata)
#foreach ($column in $meta)
    #set ($index = $index + 1)
    #if ( $column["typeName"] == "timestamptz" )
        #set ($time = $result["sqlStatementResults"][1]["records"][0][$index]["stringValue"] )
        #set ( $nowEpochMillis = $util.time.parseFormattedToEpochMilliSeconds("$time.substring(0,19)+0000", "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ssZ") )
        #set ( $isoDateTime = $util.time.epochMilliSecondsToISO8601($nowEpochMillis) )
        $util.qr( $result["sqlStatementResults"][1]["records"][0][$index].put("stringValue", "$isoDateTime") )
    #end
#end
#set ( $res = $util.parseJson($util.rds.toJsonString($util.toJson($result)))[1][0] )
#set ( $response = {} )
#foreach($mapKey in $res.keySet())
    #set ( $s = $mapKey.split("_") )
    #set ( $camelCase="" )
    #set ( $isFirst=true )
    #foreach($entry in $s)
        #if ( $isFirst )
          #set ( $first = $entry.substring(0,1) )
        #else
          #set ( $first = $entry.substring(0,1).toUpperCase() )
        #end
        #set ( $isFirst=false )
        #set ( $stringLength = $entry.length() )
        #set ( $remaining = $entry.substring(1, $stringLength) )
        #set ( $camelCase = "$camelCase$first$remaining" )
    #end
    $util.qr( $response.put("$camelCase", $res[$mapKey]) )
#end
$utils.toJson($response)

Using Variable Map

Variable map support is limited and does not differentiate numbers and strings data types, please inject them directly if needed.

Will be escaped properly: null, true, and false values.

{
  "version": "2018-05-29",
  "statements":   [
    "UPDATE <name-of-table> set deleted_at=NOW() WHERE id=:ID",
    "SELECT * FROM <name-of-table> WHERE id=:ID and unix_timestamp > $ctx.args.newerThan"
  ],
  variableMap: {
    ":ID": $ctx.args.id,
##    ":TIMESTAMP": $ctx.args.newerThan -- This will be handled as a string!!!
  }
}

Requires

serverless framework
serverless-appsync-plugin
serverless-offline
serverless-dynamodb-local (when using dynamodb resolvers only)
watchman (if Hot-reloading is desactivated it is not required)

Author: Serverless-appsync
Source Code: https://github.com/serverless-appsync/serverless-appsync-simulator
License: MIT License

#serverless #sync #graphql

Hermann Frami

1651319520

Serverless APIGateway Service Proxy

This Serverless Framework plugin supports the AWS service proxy integration feature of API Gateway. You can directly connect API Gateway to AWS services without Lambda.

Install

Run serverless plugin install in your Serverless project.

serverless plugin install -n serverless-apigateway-service-proxy

Supported AWS services

Here is a services list which this plugin supports for now. But will expand to other services in the feature. Please pull request if you are intersted in it.

Kinesis Streams
SQS
S3
SNS
DynamoDB
EventBridge

How to use

Define settings of the AWS services you want to integrate under custom > apiGatewayServiceProxies and run serverless deploy.

Kinesis

Sample syntax for Kinesis proxy in serverless.yml.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis: # partitionkey is set apigateway requestid by default
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        partitionKey: 'hardcordedkey' # use static partitionkey
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis/{myKey} # use path parameter
        method: post
        partitionKey:
          pathParam: myKey
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        partitionKey:
          bodyParam: data.myKey # use body parameter
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        partitionKey:
          queryStringParam: myKey # use query string param
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true
    - kinesis: # PutRecords
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        action: PutRecords
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true

resources:
  Resources:
    YourStream:
      Type: AWS::Kinesis::Stream
      Properties:
        ShardCount: 1

Sample request after deploying.

curl https://xxxxxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dev/kinesis -d '{"message": "some data"}'  -H 'Content-Type:application/json'

SQS

Sample syntax for SQS proxy in serverless.yml.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /sqs
        method: post
        queueName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SQSQueue', 'QueueName'] }
        cors: true

resources:
  Resources:
    SQSQueue:
      Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue'

Sample request after deploying.

curl https://xxxxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dev/sqs -d '{"message": "testtest"}' -H 'Content-Type:application/json'

Customizing request parameters

If you'd like to pass additional data to the integration request, you can do so by including your custom API Gateway request parameters in serverless.yml like so:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /queue
        method: post
        queueName: !GetAtt MyQueue.QueueName
        cors: true

        requestParameters:
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.1.Name': "'cognitoIdentityId'"
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.1.Value.StringValue': 'context.identity.cognitoIdentityId'
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.1.Value.DataType': "'String'"
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.2.Name': "'cognitoAuthenticationProvider'"
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.2.Value.StringValue': 'context.identity.cognitoAuthenticationProvider'
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.2.Value.DataType': "'String'"

The alternative way to pass MessageAttribute parameters is via a request body mapping template.

Customizing request body mapping templates

See the SQS section under Customizing request body mapping templates

Customizing responses

Simplified response template customization

You can get a simple customization of the responses by providing a template for the possible responses. The template is assumed to be application/json.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /queue
        method: post
        queueName: !GetAtt MyQueue.QueueName
        cors: true
        response:
          template:
            # `success` is used when the integration response is 200
            success: |-
              { "message: "accepted" }
            # `clientError` is used when the integration response is 400
            clientError: |-
              { "message": "there is an error in your request" }
            # `serverError` is used when the integration response is 500
            serverError: |-
              { "message": "there was an error handling your request" }

Full response customization

If you want more control over the integration response, you can provide an array of objects for the response value:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /queue
        method: post
        queueName: !GetAtt MyQueue.QueueName
        cors: true
        response:
          - statusCode: 200
            selectionPattern: '2\\d{2}'
            responseParameters: {}
            responseTemplates:
              application/json: |-
                { "message": "accepted" }

The object keys correspond to the API Gateway integration response object.

S3

Sample syntax for S3 proxy in serverless.yml.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - s3:
        path: /s3
        method: post
        action: PutObject
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        key: static-key.json # use static key
        cors: true

    - s3:
        path: /s3/{myKey} # use path param
        method: get
        action: GetObject
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        key:
          pathParam: myKey
        cors: true

    - s3:
        path: /s3
        method: delete
        action: DeleteObject
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        key:
          queryStringParam: key # use query string param
        cors: true

resources:
  Resources:
    S3Bucket:
      Type: 'AWS::S3::Bucket'

Sample request after deploying.

curl https://xxxxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dev/s3 -d '{"message": "testtest"}' -H 'Content-Type:application/json'

Customizing request parameters

Similar to the SQS support, you can customize the default request parameters serverless.yml like so:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - s3:
        path: /s3
        method: post
        action: PutObject
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        cors: true

        requestParameters:
          # if requestParameters has a 'integration.request.path.object' property you should remove the key setting
          'integration.request.path.object': 'context.requestId'
          'integration.request.header.cache-control': "'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'"

Customizing request templates

If you'd like use custom API Gateway request templates, you can do so like so:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - s3:
        path: /s3
        method: get
        action: GetObject
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        request:
          template:
            application/json: |
              #set ($specialStuff = $context.request.header.x-special)
              #set ($context.requestOverride.path.object = $specialStuff.replaceAll('_', '-'))
              {}

Note that if the client does not provide a Content-Type header in the request, ApiGateway defaults to application/json.

Customize the Path Override in API Gateway

Added the new customization parameter that lets the user set a custom Path Override in API Gateway other than the {bucket}/{object} This parameter is optional and if not set, will fall back to {bucket}/{object} The Path Override will add {bucket}/ automatically in front

Please keep in mind, that key or path.object still needs to be set at the moment (maybe this will be made optional later on with this)

Usage (With 2 Path Parameters (folder and file and a fixed file extension)):

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - s3:
        path: /s3/{folder}/{file}
        method: get
        action: GetObject
        pathOverride: '{folder}/{file}.xml'
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        cors: true

        requestParameters:
          # if requestParameters has a 'integration.request.path.object' property you should remove the key setting
          'integration.request.path.folder': 'method.request.path.folder'
          'integration.request.path.file': 'method.request.path.file'
          'integration.request.path.object': 'context.requestId'
          'integration.request.header.cache-control': "'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'"

This will result in API Gateway setting the Path Override attribute to {bucket}/{folder}/{file}.xml So for example if you navigate to the API Gatway endpoint /language/en it will fetch the file in S3 from {bucket}/language/en.xml

Can use greedy, for deeper Folders

The forementioned example can also be shortened by a greedy approach. Thanks to @taylorreece for mentioning this.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - s3:
        path: /s3/{myPath+}
        method: get
        action: GetObject
        pathOverride: '{myPath}.xml'
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        cors: true

        requestParameters:
          # if requestParameters has a 'integration.request.path.object' property you should remove the key setting
          'integration.request.path.myPath': 'method.request.path.myPath'
          'integration.request.path.object': 'context.requestId'
          'integration.request.header.cache-control': "'public, max-age=31536000, immutable'"

This will translate for example /s3/a/b/c to a/b/c.xml

Customizing responses

You can get a simple customization of the responses by providing a template for the possible responses. The template is assumed to be application/json.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - s3:
        path: /s3
        method: post
        action: PutObject
        bucket:
          Ref: S3Bucket
        key: static-key.json
        response:
          template:
            # `success` is used when the integration response is 200
            success: |-
              { "message: "accepted" }
            # `clientError` is used when the integration response is 400
            clientError: |-
              { "message": "there is an error in your request" }
            # `serverError` is used when the integration response is 500
            serverError: |-
              { "message": "there was an error handling your request" }

SNS

Sample syntax for SNS proxy in serverless.yml.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sns:
        path: /sns
        method: post
        topicName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SNSTopic', 'TopicName'] }
        cors: true

resources:
  Resources:
    SNSTopic:
      Type: AWS::SNS::Topic

Sample request after deploying.

curl https://xxxxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dev/sns -d '{"message": "testtest"}' -H 'Content-Type:application/json'

Customizing responses

Simplified response template customization

You can get a simple customization of the responses by providing a template for the possible responses. The template is assumed to be application/json.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sns:
        path: /sns
        method: post
        topicName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SNSTopic', 'TopicName'] }
        cors: true
        response:
          template:
            # `success` is used when the integration response is 200
            success: |-
              { "message: "accepted" }
            # `clientError` is used when the integration response is 400
            clientError: |-
              { "message": "there is an error in your request" }
            # `serverError` is used when the integration response is 500
            serverError: |-
              { "message": "there was an error handling your request" }

Full response customization

If you want more control over the integration response, you can provide an array of objects for the response value:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sns:
        path: /sns
        method: post
        topicName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SNSTopic', 'TopicName'] }
        cors: true
        response:
          - statusCode: 200
            selectionPattern: '2\d{2}'
            responseParameters: {}
            responseTemplates:
              application/json: |-
                { "message": "accepted" }

The object keys correspond to the API Gateway integration response object.

Content Handling and Pass Through Behaviour customization

If you want to work with binary fata, you can not specify contentHandling and PassThrough inside the request object.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sns:
        path: /sns
        method: post
        topicName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SNSTopic', 'TopicName'] }
        request:
          contentHandling: CONVERT_TO_TEXT
          passThrough: WHEN_NO_TEMPLATES

The allowed values correspond with the API Gateway Method integration for ContentHandling and PassthroughBehavior

DynamoDB

Sample syntax for DynamoDB proxy in serverless.yml. Currently, the supported DynamoDB Operations are PutItem, GetItem and DeleteItem.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - dynamodb:
        path: /dynamodb/{id}/{sort}
        method: put
        tableName: { Ref: 'YourTable' }
        hashKey: # set pathParam or queryStringParam as a partitionkey.
          pathParam: id
          attributeType: S
        rangeKey: # required if also using sort key. set pathParam or queryStringParam.
          pathParam: sort
          attributeType: S
        action: PutItem # specify action to the table what you want
        condition: attribute_not_exists(Id) # optional Condition Expressions parameter for the table
        cors: true
    - dynamodb:
        path: /dynamodb
        method: get
        tableName: { Ref: 'YourTable' }
        hashKey:
          queryStringParam: id # use query string parameter
          attributeType: S
        rangeKey:
          queryStringParam: sort
          attributeType: S
        action: GetItem
        cors: true
    - dynamodb:
        path: /dynamodb/{id}
        method: delete
        tableName: { Ref: 'YourTable' }
        hashKey:
          pathParam: id
          attributeType: S
        action: DeleteItem
        cors: true

resources:
  Resources:
    YourTable:
      Type: AWS::DynamoDB::Table
      Properties:
        TableName: YourTable
        AttributeDefinitions:
          - AttributeName: id
            AttributeType: S
          - AttributeName: sort
            AttributeType: S
        KeySchema:
          - AttributeName: id
            KeyType: HASH
          - AttributeName: sort
            KeyType: RANGE
        ProvisionedThroughput:
          ReadCapacityUnits: 1
          WriteCapacityUnits: 1

Sample request after deploying.

curl -XPUT https://xxxxxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dev/dynamodb/<hashKey>/<sortkey> \
 -d '{"name":{"S":"john"},"address":{"S":"xxxxx"}}' \
 -H 'Content-Type:application/json'

EventBridge

Sample syntax for EventBridge proxy in serverless.yml.

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - eventbridge:  # source and detailType are hardcoded; detail defaults to POST body
        path: /eventbridge
        method: post
        source: 'hardcoded_source'
        detailType: 'hardcoded_detailType'
        eventBusName: { Ref: 'YourBusName' }
        cors: true
    - eventbridge:  # source and detailType as path parameters
        path: /eventbridge/{detailTypeKey}/{sourceKey}
        method: post
        detailType:
          pathParam: detailTypeKey
        source:
          pathParam: sourceKey
        eventBusName: { Ref: 'YourBusName' }
        cors: true
    - eventbridge:  # source, detail, and detailType as body parameters
        path: /eventbridge/{detailTypeKey}/{sourceKey}
        method: post
        detailType:
          bodyParam: data.detailType
        source:
          bodyParam: data.source
        detail:
          bodyParam: data.detail
        eventBusName: { Ref: 'YourBusName' }
        cors: true

resources:
  Resources:
    YourBus:
      Type: AWS::Events::EventBus
      Properties:
        Name: YourEventBus

Sample request after deploying.

curl https://xxxxxxx.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/dev/eventbridge -d '{"message": "some data"}'  -H 'Content-Type:application/json'

Common API Gateway features

Enabling CORS

To set CORS configurations for your HTTP endpoints, simply modify your event configurations as follows:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors: true

Setting cors to true assumes a default configuration which is equivalent to:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors:
          origin: '*'
          headers:
            - Content-Type
            - X-Amz-Date
            - Authorization
            - X-Api-Key
            - X-Amz-Security-Token
            - X-Amz-User-Agent
          allowCredentials: false

Configuring the cors property sets Access-Control-Allow-Origin, Access-Control-Allow-Headers, Access-Control-Allow-Methods,Access-Control-Allow-Credentials headers in the CORS preflight response. To enable the Access-Control-Max-Age preflight response header, set the maxAge property in the cors object:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors:
          origin: '*'
          maxAge: 86400

If you are using CloudFront or another CDN for your API Gateway, you may want to setup a Cache-Control header to allow for OPTIONS request to be cached to avoid the additional hop.

To enable the Cache-Control header on preflight response, set the cacheControl property in the cors object:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'YourStream' }
        cors:
          origin: '*'
          headers:
            - Content-Type
            - X-Amz-Date
            - Authorization
            - X-Api-Key
            - X-Amz-Security-Token
            - X-Amz-User-Agent
          allowCredentials: false
          cacheControl: 'max-age=600, s-maxage=600, proxy-revalidate' # Caches on browser and proxy for 10 minutes and doesnt allow proxy to serve out of date content

Adding Authorization

You can pass in any supported authorization type:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /sqs
        method: post
        queueName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SQSQueue', 'QueueName'] }
        cors: true

        # optional - defaults to 'NONE'
        authorizationType: 'AWS_IAM' # can be one of ['NONE', 'AWS_IAM', 'CUSTOM', 'COGNITO_USER_POOLS']

        # when using 'CUSTOM' authorization type, one should specify authorizerId
        # authorizerId: { Ref: 'AuthorizerLogicalId' }
        # when using 'COGNITO_USER_POOLS' authorization type, one can specify a list of authorization scopes
        # authorizationScopes: ['scope1','scope2']

resources:
  Resources:
    SQSQueue:
      Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue'

Source: AWS::ApiGateway::Method docs

Enabling API Token Authentication

You can indicate whether the method requires clients to submit a valid API key using private flag:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /sqs
        method: post
        queueName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SQSQueue', 'QueueName'] }
        cors: true
        private: true

resources:
  Resources:
    SQSQueue:
      Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue'

which is the same syntax used in Serverless framework.

Source: Serverless: Setting API keys for your Rest API

Source: AWS::ApiGateway::Method docs

Using a Custom IAM Role

By default, the plugin will generate a role with the required permissions for each service type that is configured.

You can configure your own role by setting the roleArn attribute:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /sqs
        method: post
        queueName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SQSQueue', 'QueueName'] }
        cors: true
        roleArn: # Optional. A default role is created when not configured
          Fn::GetAtt: [CustomS3Role, Arn]

resources:
  Resources:
    SQSQueue:
      Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue'
    CustomS3Role:
      # Custom Role definition
      Type: 'AWS::IAM::Role'

Customizing API Gateway parameters

The plugin allows one to specify which parameters the API Gateway method accepts.

A common use case is to pass custom data to the integration request:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /sqs
        method: post
        queueName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SqsQueue', 'QueueName'] }
        cors: true
        acceptParameters:
          'method.request.header.Custom-Header': true
        requestParameters:
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.1.Name': "'custom-Header'"
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.1.Value.StringValue': 'method.request.header.Custom-Header'
          'integration.request.querystring.MessageAttribute.1.Value.DataType': "'String'"
resources:
  Resources:
    SqsQueue:
      Type: 'AWS::SQS::Queue'

Any published SQS message will have the Custom-Header value added as a message attribute.

Customizing request body mapping templates

Kinesis

If you'd like to add content types or customize the default templates, you can do so by including your custom API Gateway request mapping template in serverless.yml like so:

# Required for using Fn::Sub
plugins:
  - serverless-cloudformation-sub-variables

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'MyStream' }
        request:
          template:
            text/plain:
              Fn::Sub:
                - |
                  #set($msgBody = $util.parseJson($input.body))
                  #set($msgId = $msgBody.MessageId)
                  {
                      "Data": "$util.base64Encode($input.body)",
                      "PartitionKey": "$msgId",
                      "StreamName": "#{MyStreamArn}"
                  }
                - MyStreamArn:
                    Fn::GetAtt: [MyStream, Arn]

It is important that the mapping template will return a valid application/json string

Source: How to connect SNS to Kinesis for cross-account delivery via API Gateway

SQS

Customizing SQS request templates requires us to force all requests to use an application/x-www-form-urlencoded style body. The plugin sets the Content-Type header to application/x-www-form-urlencoded for you, but API Gateway will still look for the template under the application/json request template type, so that is where you need to configure you request body in serverless.yml:

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - sqs:
        path: /{version}/event/receiver
        method: post
        queueName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SqsQueue', 'QueueName'] }
        request:
          template:
            application/json: |-
              #set ($body = $util.parseJson($input.body))
              Action=SendMessage##
              &MessageGroupId=$util.urlEncode($body.event_type)##
              &MessageDeduplicationId=$util.urlEncode($body.event_id)##
              &MessageAttribute.1.Name=$util.urlEncode("X-Custom-Signature")##
              &MessageAttribute.1.Value.DataType=String##
              &MessageAttribute.1.Value.StringValue=$util.urlEncode($input.params("X-Custom-Signature"))##
              &MessageBody=$util.urlEncode($input.body)

Note that the ## at the end of each line is an empty comment. In VTL this has the effect of stripping the newline from the end of the line (as it is commented out), which makes API Gateway read all the lines in the template as one line.

Be careful when mixing additional requestParameters into your SQS endpoint as you may overwrite the integration.request.header.Content-Type and stop the request template from being parsed correctly. You may also unintentionally create conflicts between parameters passed using requestParameters and those in your request template. Typically you should only use the request template if you need to manipulate the incoming request body in some way.

Your custom template must also set the Action and MessageBody parameters, as these will not be added for you by the plugin.

When using a custom request body, headers sent by a client will no longer be passed through to the SQS queue (PassthroughBehavior is automatically set to NEVER). You will need to pass through headers sent by the client explicitly in the request body. Also, any custom querystring parameters in the requestParameters array will be ignored. These also need to be added via the custom request body.

SNS

Similar to the Kinesis support, you can customize the default request mapping templates in serverless.yml like so:

# Required for using Fn::Sub
plugins:
  - serverless-cloudformation-sub-variables

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /sns
        method: post
        topicName: { 'Fn::GetAtt': ['SNSTopic', 'TopicName'] }
        request:
          template:
            application/json:
              Fn::Sub:
                - "Action=Publish&Message=$util.urlEncode('This is a fixed message')&TopicArn=$util.urlEncode('#{MyTopicArn}')"
                - MyTopicArn: { Ref: MyTopic }

It is important that the mapping template will return a valid application/x-www-form-urlencoded string

Source: Connect AWS API Gateway directly to SNS using a service integration

Custom response body mapping templates

You can customize the response body by providing mapping templates for success, server errors (5xx) and client errors (4xx).

Templates must be in JSON format. If a template isn't provided, the integration response will be returned as-is to the client.

Kinesis Example

custom:
  apiGatewayServiceProxies:
    - kinesis:
        path: /kinesis
        method: post
        streamName: { Ref: 'MyStream' }
        response:
          template:
            success: |
              {
                "success": true
              }
            serverError: |
              {
                "success": false,
                "errorMessage": "Server Error"
              }
            clientError: |
              {
                "success": false,
                "errorMessage": "Client Error"
              }

Author: Serverless-operations
Source Code: https://github.com/serverless-operations/serverless-apigateway-service-proxy
License:

#serverless #api #aws

David Hill

1619169880

6 Tips to Conduct a Seamless Virtual Interview

Virtual interviews are specially designed to make hiring fast, automated, cost-effective, and convenient than ever. It’s becoming popular among businesses as a digital hiring solution to make interviews remote-based and smarter. Online virtual hiring makes your HR team tech-savvy and improves their interviewing experience at the next level. But before you choose a virtual interviewing tool for your talent acquisition team, we suggest you have a look at this post. This will enrich your understanding of virtual interviewing and help you stand out in a digital interview. In this post, you will get tips on transforming your HR team into a tech-savvy recruitment ecosystem and ensuring optimal utilization of a virtual interview.

As technologies are getting advanced, businesses of all sizes align their recruitment with it to attain better and accurate hiring goals. The virtual platform offers you cutting-edge interviewing features to outshine your competitors and stand out in the market.

**Check out below tips for successful virtual interviewing: **

Create a pro-tech Team
Video recruiting software helps you select a star talent for your company crossing the geographical constraints and grow fast working remotely. It brings automation into your hiring process and reduces expenses on travel. But to make this happen exactly in the same way, it is essential to have a technically sound and experienced team to attain the desired interviewing objective.

Get the right software
Integrate a virtual hiring tool that allows a hiring team to connect with the applicants remotely without compromising the quality of hire. And makes Job posting, sending auto-reminder, and screening of the candidates automated and easy. Besides, a good digital solution should automatically shortlist the most suitable candidates for in-person interviews to make it convenient for recruiters to select the right-fit talent.

Check the compatibility of your tool
A virtual recruiting tool should be compatible with all most all online interviewing platforms. It is recommended that before you choose an interviewing technology, check its compatibility with your HR team, and after double assuring yourself, consider taking its subscription. An easily compatible virtual hiring software would enhance your ability to select the right-fit candidate for the company and encourage fast growth.

Promote your Job post
Ensure an Omni-platform presence to attract the maximum number of applicants and increase higher interview turns out. It plays a vital role in your recruitment process as it widens the spread of hiring information. Having a greater number of applicants put you at an advantage to scan the candidates harder and select the most suitable talent for the position.

Scan before calling for interview
Entirely rely upon the candidate’s documents and CVs is not a better idea of selecting a candidate. To avoid such things, you should scan a candidate via a virtual platform before calling in for an interview. Digital solutions offer you an effective feature to observe the candidates’ non-verbal expression and professional etiquette. It provides you an idea that if a candidate fits well into your company’s work culture or not.

Improve your branding
The job seekers always have the ambition to associate with an organization having great brand values and reputation in the market. And if you present your company as a vibrant brand in front of the candidates, it will attract them, and they will feel excited to associate with your brand.

These are some essential tips you should use to ace your virtual interview. No doubt it will help you schedule effective hiring and select a star talent for the position. You can also check out the blogs of Jobma to know more Tips To Conduct A Seamless Virtual Interview

#software #interview #screening-software #video-interview #video-interviewing #interview-questions

The NineHertz

1630909606

How to Hire Video Game Developers For Video Game Development Company?

The gaming industry has taken a boom in the last few years. If we talk about numbers, according to NewZoo, the worth of the video gaming industry was $159.3 Billion in 2020. Video games are not just something for fun now, players and users expect much more from video game developers. Creating such products that just do not satisfy the player’s needs and exceed their expectations is what video game development company are thriving for.

Though kickstarting a new game-making studio is not an easy task. This business requires a team with a huge passion to create games and earn money from these video games. The idea of the approach is to create such unique games that will reach millions of people in the world and gain popularity. This growth demands more professionals in this field.

This just can not be obtained by finding someone with a good CV, the whole process includes a deep dig down to grab the right talent. Read on to learn more about Mobile game developers and the process of hiring video game developers.

Read Complete Blog Here - https://theninehertz.com/blog/how-to-hire-video-game-developers-video-game-development

#Video Game Development

#Video Game developers

#Video game development studio

#Video game development services

Lawson Wehner

1672833558

How to Use Bash Set Command

Bash has many environment variables for various purposes. The set command of Bash is used to modify or display the different attributes and parameters of the shell environment. This command has many options to perform the different types of tasks. The uses of set command for various purposes are described in this tutorial.

Syntax

set [options] [arguments]

This command can be used with different types of options and arguments for different purposes. If no option or argument is used with this command, the shell variables are printed. The minus sign (-) is used with the command’s option to enable that option and the plus sign (+) is used with the command’s option to disable that option.

Exit Values of Set Command

Three exit values can be returned by this command which are mentioned in the following:

Zero (0) is returned to complete the task successfully.
One (1) is returned if a failure occurs for any invalid argument.
One (1) is returned if a failure occurs for a missing argument.

Different Options of Set Command

The purposes of the most commonly used options of the set command are described in this part of the tutorial.

Option	Purpose
-a	It defines those variables or functions which are created or modified or exported.
-b	It informs the job termination.
-B	To do the task of the brace expansion.
-C	It disables the overwriting feature of the existing file.
-e	It exits for non-zero exit status value.
-f	It disables the filename generation task.
-h	It saves the location of the command where it has been used.
-m	It enables job control.
-n	It reads the commands.
-t	It exits from the command after executing a single command.
-u	It traces the unset variables.
-v	It prints the shell input lines.
-x	It displays the commands and their attributes sequentially. It is mainly used to debug the script.

Different Examples of the Set Command

The uses of set command with different options are shown in this part of this tutorial.

Example 1: Using the Set Command with -a Option

Create a Bash file with the following script that enables the “set –a” command and initialize three variables named $v1, $v2, and $v3. These variables can be accessed after executing the script.

#!/bin/bash
#Enable -a option to read the values of the variables
set -a
#Initialize three variables
v1=78
v2=50
v3=35

Run the script using the following command:

$ bash set1.bash

Read the values of the variable using the “echo” command:

$ echo $v1 $v2 $v3

The following output appears after executing the previous commands:

Example 2: Using the Set Command with -C Option

Run the “cat” command to create a text file named testfile.txt. Next, run the “set –C” command to disable the overwriting feature. Next, run the “cat” command again to overwrite the file to check whether the overwriting feature is disabled or not.

$ cat > testfile.txt
$ set -C
$ cat > testfile.txt

The following output appears after executing the previous commands:

Example 3: Using the Set Command with -x Option

Create a Bash file with the following script that declares a numeric array of 6 elements. The values of the array are printed using for loop.

#!/bin/bash
#Declare an array
arr=(67 3 90 56 2 80)
#iterate the array values
for value in ${arr[@]}
do
   echo $value
done

Execute the previous script by the following command:

$ bash set3.bash

Enable the debugging option using the following command:

$ set -x

The following output appears after executing the provided commands:

Example 4: Using the Set Command with -e Option

Create a Bash file with the following script that reads a file using the “cat” command before and after using the “set –e” command.

#!/bin/bash
#Read a non-existing file without setting set -e
cat myfile.txt
echo "Reading a file..."
#Set the set command with -e option
set -e
#Read a non-existing file after setting set -e
cat myfile.txt
echo "Reading a file..."

The following output appears after executing the provided commands. The first error message is shown because the file does not exist in the current location. The next message is then printed. But after executing the “set –e” command, the execution stops after displaying the error message.

Example 5: Using the Set Command with -u Option

Create a Bash file with the following script that initializes a variable but prints the initialized and uninitialized variable before and after using the “set –u” command.

#!/bin/bash
#Assign value to a variable
strvar="Bash Programming"
printf "$strvar $intvar\n"
#Set the set command with -u option
set -u
#Assign value to a variable
strvar="Bash Programming"
printf "\n$strvar $intvar\n"

The following output appears after executing the previous script. Here, the error is printed for the uninitialized variable:

Example 6: Using the Set Command with -f Option

Run the following command to print the list of all text files of the current location:

$ ls *.txt

Run the following command to disable the globbing:

$ set –f

Run the following command again to print the list of all text files of the current location:

$ ls *.txt

The following output appears after executing the previous script. Based on the output, the “ls *.txt” command did not work after setting “set –f” command:

Example 7: Split the String Using the Set Command with Variable

Create a Bash file with the following script that splits the string value based on the space using the “set – variable” command. The split values are printed later.

#!/bin/bash
#Define a string variable
myvar="Learn bash programming"
#Set the set command without option and with variable
set -- $myvar
#Print the split value
printf "$1\n$2\n$3\n"

The following output appears after executing the previous script. The string value is divided into three parts based on the space that is printed:

Conclusion

The uses of the different options of the “set” command are shown in this tutorial using multiple examples to know the basic uses of this command.

Original article source at: https://linuxhint.com/

#bash #set #command