Cómo Habilitar O Deshabilitar Puertos USB En Windows 10

Una característica clave en la familia de Windows es habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB. También podemos usar esta función en Windows 10 para habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB.

Muchas veces tenemos que compartir nuestro portátil o PC con otra persona. La persona que tiene un pendrive con virus y archivos infectados puede inyectar estos archivos maliciosos en el sistema para dañar el dispositivo y también alguien con malas intenciones puede robar nuestros documentos importantes a través del pendrive. Nunca podemos ser demasiado cuidadosos para mantener nuestros datos seguros. Deshabilitar los Puertos USB es una muy buena solución para proteger nuestro dispositivo de virus y otras vulnerabilidades.

Y cuando necesitamos usar los dispositivos USB a través de los puertos USB, podemos habilitar estos puertos usando diferentes métodos como el administrador de dispositivos, el editor de registro y cualquier otra aplicación de terceros.

Este tutorial le mostrará varios métodos sobre cómo habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB en Windows 10.

Método 1 - Usando el Editor del Registro

Con el Editor del registro, puede habilitar o deshabilitar fácilmente los puertos USB.

Paso 1

Desde el menú Inicio, abra el cuadro de diálogo Ejecutar o puede presionar la tecla "Ventana + R" para abrir la ventana EJECUTAR.

Paso 2

Escribe "regedit.exe" y presiona enter para abrir el Editor del Registro.

 

Paso 3

Se abrirá la ventana del Editor del registro y navegue por la siguiente ruta:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SISTEMA > CurrentControlSet > Servicios > USBSTOR

 

Etapa 4

Haga clic en la opción de inicio para abrir la ventana "Editar valor DWORD (32 bits)".

 

A) Para deshabilitar los puertos USB o las unidades, cambie los 'datos de valor' a '4' y luego haga clic en Aceptar.

 

B) Para habilitar las unidades o puertos USB, cambie su valor a 3 y luego haga clic en Aceptar.

 

Paso 5

Reinicie su computadora portátil o PC para ver los efectos.

Método 2: a través del Administrador de dispositivos

También puede habilitar o deshabilitar fácilmente los puertos USB a través del Administrador de dispositivos.

Paso 1

Puede hacer clic en Inicio y escribir Administrador de dispositivos. Luego haga clic en Administrador de dispositivos para abrir el Administrador de dispositivos de Windows o presione la tecla "Windows + X" y haga clic en Administrador de dispositivos para abrirlo.

Paso 2

Haga clic en Universal Serial Bus Controllers y verá varias opciones de dispositivos en él.

 

Paso 3

A) Haga clic con el botón derecho en USB 3.0 (o cualquier dispositivo mencionado en su PC) y haga clic en Deshabilitar dispositivo para deshabilitar los puertos USB en su dispositivo.

 

B)  Haga clic derecho en USB 3.0 (o cualquier dispositivo mencionado en su PC) y haga clic en Habilitar dispositivo para habilitar los puertos USB en su dispositivo.

 

Conclusión

Siguiendo cualquiera de los métodos anteriores, puede habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB en Windows 10.

También puede visitar mis siete artículos principales sobre Windows,

• Cómo programar el apagado automático de Windows 10
• Cómo comprobar la tarjeta gráfica en Windows 10
• Cómo cancelar el apagado automático en Windows 10
• Cómo cambiar la ubicación de descarga en Windows 10
• Cómo matar un proceso en Windows 10
• Cómo eliminar archivos temporales en Windows 10

Gracias por leer este artículo. 

Fuente: https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/how-to-enable-usb-port-in-windows-10/ 

#windows 

What is GEEK

Buddha Community

Cómo Habilitar O Deshabilitar Puertos USB En Windows 10

Una característica clave en la familia de Windows es habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB. También podemos usar esta función en Windows 10 para habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB.

Muchas veces tenemos que compartir nuestro portátil o PC con otra persona. La persona que tiene un pendrive con virus y archivos infectados puede inyectar estos archivos maliciosos en el sistema para dañar el dispositivo y también alguien con malas intenciones puede robar nuestros documentos importantes a través del pendrive. Nunca podemos ser demasiado cuidadosos para mantener nuestros datos seguros. Deshabilitar los Puertos USB es una muy buena solución para proteger nuestro dispositivo de virus y otras vulnerabilidades.

Y cuando necesitamos usar los dispositivos USB a través de los puertos USB, podemos habilitar estos puertos usando diferentes métodos como el administrador de dispositivos, el editor de registro y cualquier otra aplicación de terceros.

Este tutorial le mostrará varios métodos sobre cómo habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB en Windows 10.

Método 1 - Usando el Editor del Registro

Con el Editor del registro, puede habilitar o deshabilitar fácilmente los puertos USB.

Paso 1

Desde el menú Inicio, abra el cuadro de diálogo Ejecutar o puede presionar la tecla "Ventana + R" para abrir la ventana EJECUTAR.

Paso 2

Escribe "regedit.exe" y presiona enter para abrir el Editor del Registro.

 

Paso 3

Se abrirá la ventana del Editor del registro y navegue por la siguiente ruta:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE > SISTEMA > CurrentControlSet > Servicios > USBSTOR

 

Etapa 4

Haga clic en la opción de inicio para abrir la ventana "Editar valor DWORD (32 bits)".

 

A) Para deshabilitar los puertos USB o las unidades, cambie los 'datos de valor' a '4' y luego haga clic en Aceptar.

 

B) Para habilitar las unidades o puertos USB, cambie su valor a 3 y luego haga clic en Aceptar.

 

Paso 5

Reinicie su computadora portátil o PC para ver los efectos.

Método 2: a través del Administrador de dispositivos

También puede habilitar o deshabilitar fácilmente los puertos USB a través del Administrador de dispositivos.

Paso 1

Puede hacer clic en Inicio y escribir Administrador de dispositivos. Luego haga clic en Administrador de dispositivos para abrir el Administrador de dispositivos de Windows o presione la tecla "Windows + X" y haga clic en Administrador de dispositivos para abrirlo.

Paso 2

Haga clic en Universal Serial Bus Controllers y verá varias opciones de dispositivos en él.

 

Paso 3

A) Haga clic con el botón derecho en USB 3.0 (o cualquier dispositivo mencionado en su PC) y haga clic en Deshabilitar dispositivo para deshabilitar los puertos USB en su dispositivo.

 

B)  Haga clic derecho en USB 3.0 (o cualquier dispositivo mencionado en su PC) y haga clic en Habilitar dispositivo para habilitar los puertos USB en su dispositivo.

 

Conclusión

Siguiendo cualquiera de los métodos anteriores, puede habilitar o deshabilitar los puertos USB en Windows 10.

También puede visitar mis siete artículos principales sobre Windows,

• Cómo programar el apagado automático de Windows 10
• Cómo comprobar la tarjeta gráfica en Windows 10
• Cómo cancelar el apagado automático en Windows 10
• Cómo cambiar la ubicación de descarga en Windows 10
• Cómo matar un proceso en Windows 10
• Cómo eliminar archivos temporales en Windows 10

Gracias por leer este artículo. 

Fuente: https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/how-to-enable-usb-port-in-windows-10/ 

#windows 

How to Create Arrays in Python

In this tutorial, you'll know the basics of how to create arrays in Python using the array module. Learn how to use Python arrays. You'll see how to define them and the different methods commonly used for performing operations on them.

This tutorialvideo on 'Arrays in Python' will help you establish a strong hold on all the fundamentals in python programming language. Below are the topics covered in this video:  
1:15 What is an array?
2:53 Is python list same as an array?
3:48  How to create arrays in python?
7:19 Accessing array elements
9:59 Basic array operations
        - 10:33  Finding the length of an array
        - 11:44  Adding Elements
        - 15:06  Removing elements
        - 18:32  Array concatenation
       - 20:59  Slicing
       - 23:26  Looping  

---

Python Array Tutorial – Define, Index, Methods

In this article, you'll learn how to use Python arrays. You'll see how to define them and the different methods commonly used for performing operations on them.

The artcile covers arrays that you create by importing the array module. We won't cover NumPy arrays here.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Arrays
   1. The differences between Lists and Arrays
   2. When to use arrays
2. How to use arrays
   1. Define arrays
   2. Find the length of arrays
   3. Array indexing
   4. Search through arrays
   5. Loop through arrays
   6. Slice an array
3. Array methods for performing operations
   1. Change an existing value
   2. Add a new value
   3. Remove a value
4. Conclusion

Let's get started!

What are Python Arrays?

Arrays are a fundamental data structure, and an important part of most programming languages. In Python, they are containers which are able to store more than one item at the same time.

Specifically, they are an ordered collection of elements with every value being of the same data type. That is the most important thing to remember about Python arrays - the fact that they can only hold a sequence of multiple items that are of the same type.

What's the Difference between Python Lists and Python Arrays?

Lists are one of the most common data structures in Python, and a core part of the language.

Lists and arrays behave similarly.

Just like arrays, lists are an ordered sequence of elements.

They are also mutable and not fixed in size, which means they can grow and shrink throughout the life of the program. Items can be added and removed, making them very flexible to work with.

However, lists and arrays are not the same thing.

Lists store items that are of various data types. This means that a list can contain integers, floating point numbers, strings, or any other Python data type, at the same time. That is not the case with arrays.

As mentioned in the section above, arrays store only items that are of the same single data type. There are arrays that contain only integers, or only floating point numbers, or only any other Python data type you want to use.

When to Use Python Arrays

Lists are built into the Python programming language, whereas arrays aren't. Arrays are not a built-in data structure, and therefore need to be imported via the array module in order to be used.

Arrays of the array module are a thin wrapper over C arrays, and are useful when you want to work with homogeneous data.

They are also more compact and take up less memory and space which makes them more size efficient compared to lists.

If you want to perform mathematical calculations, then you should use NumPy arrays by importing the NumPy package. Besides that, you should just use Python arrays when you really need to, as lists work in a similar way and are more flexible to work with.

How to Use Arrays in Python

In order to create Python arrays, you'll first have to import the array module which contains all the necassary functions.

There are three ways you can import the array module:

• By using import array at the top of the file. This includes the module array. You would then go on to create an array using array.array().

import array

#how you would create an array
array.array()

• Instead of having to type array.array() all the time, you could use import array as arr at the top of the file, instead of import array alone. You would then create an array by typing arr.array(). The arr acts as an alias name, with the array constructor then immediately following it.

import array as arr

#how you would create an array
arr.array()

• Lastly, you could also use from array import *, with * importing all the functionalities available. You would then create an array by writing the array() constructor alone.

from array import *

#how you would create an array
array()

How to Define Arrays in Python

Once you've imported the array module, you can then go on to define a Python array.

The general syntax for creating an array looks like this:

variable_name = array(typecode,[elements])

Let's break it down:

• variable_name would be the name of the array.
• The typecode specifies what kind of elements would be stored in the array. Whether it would be an array of integers, an array of floats or an array of any other Python data type. Remember that all elements should be of the same data type.
• Inside square brackets you mention the elements that would be stored in the array, with each element being separated by a comma. You can also create an empty array by just writing variable_name = array(typecode) alone, without any elements.

Below is a typecode table, with the different typecodes that can be used with the different data types when defining Python arrays:

TYPECODE	C TYPE	PYTHON TYPE	SIZE
'b'	signed char	int	1
'B'	unsigned char	int	1
'u'	wchar_t	Unicode character	2
'h'	signed short	int	2
'H'	unsigned short	int	2
'i'	signed int	int	2
'I'	unsigned int	int	2
'l'	signed long	int	4
'L'	unsigned long	int	4
'q'	signed long long	int	8
'Q'	unsigned long long	int	8
'f'	float	float	4
'd'	double	float	8

Tying everything together, here is an example of how you would define an array in Python:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])


print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30])

Let's break it down:

• First we included the array module, in this case with import array as arr .
• Then, we created a numbers array.
• We used arr.array() because of import array as arr .
• Inside the array() constructor, we first included i, for signed integer. Signed integer means that the array can include positive and negative values. Unsigned integer, with H for example, would mean that no negative values are allowed.
• Lastly, we included the values to be stored in the array in square brackets.

Keep in mind that if you tried to include values that were not of i typecode, meaning they were not integer values, you would get an error:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10.0,20,30])


print(numbers)

#output

#Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "/Users/dionysialemonaki/python_articles/demo.py", line 14, in <module>
#   numbers = arr.array('i',[10.0,20,30])
#TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

In the example above, I tried to include a floating point number in the array. I got an error because this is meant to be an integer array only.

Another way to create an array is the following:

from array import *

#an array of floating point values
numbers = array('d',[10.0,20.0,30.0])

print(numbers)

#output

#array('d', [10.0, 20.0, 30.0])

The example above imported the array module via from array import * and created an array numbers of float data type. This means that it holds only floating point numbers, which is specified with the 'd' typecode.

How to Find the Length of an Array in Python

To find out the exact number of elements contained in an array, use the built-in len() method.

It will return the integer number that is equal to the total number of elements in the array you specify.

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])


print(len(numbers))

#output
# 3

In the example above, the array contained three elements – 10, 20, 30 – so the length of numbers is 3.

Array Indexing and How to Access Individual Items in an Array in Python

Each item in an array has a specific address. Individual items are accessed by referencing their index number.

Indexing in Python, and in all programming languages and computing in general, starts at 0. It is important to remember that counting starts at 0 and not at 1.

To access an element, you first write the name of the array followed by square brackets. Inside the square brackets you include the item's index number.

The general syntax would look something like this:

array_name[index_value_of_item]

Here is how you would access each individual element in an array:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

print(numbers[0]) # gets the 1st element
print(numbers[1]) # gets the 2nd element
print(numbers[2]) # gets the 3rd element

#output

#10
#20
#30

Remember that the index value of the last element of an array is always one less than the length of the array. Where n is the length of the array, n - 1 will be the index value of the last item.

Note that you can also access each individual element using negative indexing.

With negative indexing, the last element would have an index of -1, the second to last element would have an index of -2, and so on.

Here is how you would get each item in an array using that method:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

print(numbers[-1]) #gets last item
print(numbers[-2]) #gets second to last item
print(numbers[-3]) #gets first item
 
#output

#30
#20
#10

How to Search Through an Array in Python

You can find out an element's index number by using the index() method.

You pass the value of the element being searched as the argument to the method, and the element's index number is returned.

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#search for the index of the value 10
print(numbers.index(10))

#output

#0

If there is more than one element with the same value, the index of the first instance of the value will be returned:

import array as arr 


numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30,10,20,30])

#search for the index of the value 10
#will return the index number of the first instance of the value 10
print(numbers.index(10))

#output

#0

How to Loop through an Array in Python

You've seen how to access each individual element in an array and print it out on its own.

You've also seen how to print the array, using the print() method. That method gives the following result:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30])

What if you want to print each value one by one?

This is where a loop comes in handy. You can loop through the array and print out each value, one-by-one, with each loop iteration.

For this you can use a simple for loop:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

for number in numbers:
    print(number)
    
#output
#10
#20
#30

You could also use the range() function, and pass the len() method as its parameter. This would give the same result as above:

import array as arr  

values = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#prints each individual value in the array
for value in range(len(values)):
    print(values[value])

#output

#10
#20
#30

How to Slice an Array in Python

To access a specific range of values inside the array, use the slicing operator, which is a colon :.

When using the slicing operator and you only include one value, the counting starts from 0 by default. It gets the first item, and goes up to but not including the index number you specify.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#get the values 10 and 20 only
print(numbers[:2])  #first to second position

#output

#array('i', [10, 20])

When you pass two numbers as arguments, you specify a range of numbers. In this case, the counting starts at the position of the first number in the range, and up to but not including the second one:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])


#get the values 20 and 30 only
print(numbers[1:3]) #second to third position

#output

#rray('i', [20, 30])

Methods For Performing Operations on Arrays in Python

Arrays are mutable, which means they are changeable. You can change the value of the different items, add new ones, or remove any you don't want in your program anymore.

Let's see some of the most commonly used methods which are used for performing operations on arrays.

How to Change the Value of an Item in an Array

You can change the value of a specific element by speficying its position and assigning it a new value:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#change the first element
#change it from having a value of 10 to having a value of 40
numbers[0] = 40

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [40, 20, 30])

How to Add a New Value to an Array

To add one single value at the end of an array, use the append() method:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integer 40 to the end of numbers
numbers.append(40)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40])

Be aware that the new item you add needs to be the same data type as the rest of the items in the array.

Look what happens when I try to add a float to an array of integers:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integer 40 to the end of numbers
numbers.append(40.0)

print(numbers)

#output

#Traceback (most recent call last):
#  File "/Users/dionysialemonaki/python_articles/demo.py", line 19, in <module>
#   numbers.append(40.0)
#TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

But what if you want to add more than one value to the end an array?

Use the extend() method, which takes an iterable (such as a list of items) as an argument. Again, make sure that the new items are all the same data type.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integers 40,50,60 to the end of numbers
#The numbers need to be enclosed in square brackets

numbers.extend([40,50,60])

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60])

And what if you don't want to add an item to the end of an array? Use the insert() method, to add an item at a specific position.

The insert() function takes two arguments: the index number of the position the new element will be inserted, and the value of the new element.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integer 40 in the first position
#remember indexing starts at 0

numbers.insert(0,40)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [40, 10, 20, 30])

How to Remove a Value from an Array

To remove an element from an array, use the remove() method and include the value as an argument to the method.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

numbers.remove(10)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [20, 30])

With remove(), only the first instance of the value you pass as an argument will be removed.

See what happens when there are more than one identical values:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30,10,20])

numbers.remove(10)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [20, 30, 10, 20])

Only the first occurence of 10 is removed.

You can also use the pop() method, and specify the position of the element to be removed:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30,10,20])

#remove the first instance of 10
numbers.pop(0)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [20, 30, 10, 20])

Conclusion

And there you have it - you now know the basics of how to create arrays in Python using the array module. Hopefully you found this guide helpful.

Thanks for reading and happy coding!

#python #programming 

Understanding Arrays in Python

Learn how to use Python arrays. Create arrays in Python using the array module. You'll see how to define them and the different methods commonly used for performing operations on them.
 

The artcile covers arrays that you create by importing the array module. We won't cover NumPy arrays here.

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Arrays
   1. The differences between Lists and Arrays
   2. When to use arrays
2. How to use arrays
   1. Define arrays
   2. Find the length of arrays
   3. Array indexing
   4. Search through arrays
   5. Loop through arrays
   6. Slice an array
3. Array methods for performing operations
   1. Change an existing value
   2. Add a new value
   3. Remove a value
4. Conclusion

Let's get started!

---

What are Python Arrays?

Arrays are a fundamental data structure, and an important part of most programming languages. In Python, they are containers which are able to store more than one item at the same time.

Specifically, they are an ordered collection of elements with every value being of the same data type. That is the most important thing to remember about Python arrays - the fact that they can only hold a sequence of multiple items that are of the same type.

What's the Difference between Python Lists and Python Arrays?

Lists are one of the most common data structures in Python, and a core part of the language.

Lists and arrays behave similarly.

Just like arrays, lists are an ordered sequence of elements.

They are also mutable and not fixed in size, which means they can grow and shrink throughout the life of the program. Items can be added and removed, making them very flexible to work with.

However, lists and arrays are not the same thing.

Lists store items that are of various data types. This means that a list can contain integers, floating point numbers, strings, or any other Python data type, at the same time. That is not the case with arrays.

As mentioned in the section above, arrays store only items that are of the same single data type. There are arrays that contain only integers, or only floating point numbers, or only any other Python data type you want to use.

When to Use Python Arrays

Lists are built into the Python programming language, whereas arrays aren't. Arrays are not a built-in data structure, and therefore need to be imported via the array module in order to be used.

Arrays of the array module are a thin wrapper over C arrays, and are useful when you want to work with homogeneous data.

They are also more compact and take up less memory and space which makes them more size efficient compared to lists.

If you want to perform mathematical calculations, then you should use NumPy arrays by importing the NumPy package. Besides that, you should just use Python arrays when you really need to, as lists work in a similar way and are more flexible to work with.

How to Use Arrays in Python

In order to create Python arrays, you'll first have to import the array module which contains all the necassary functions.

There are three ways you can import the array module:

1. By using import array at the top of the file. This includes the module array. You would then go on to create an array using array.array().

import array

#how you would create an array
array.array()

1. Instead of having to type array.array() all the time, you could use import array as arr at the top of the file, instead of import array alone. You would then create an array by typing arr.array(). The arr acts as an alias name, with the array constructor then immediately following it.

import array as arr

#how you would create an array
arr.array()

1. Lastly, you could also use from array import *, with * importing all the functionalities available. You would then create an array by writing the array() constructor alone.

from array import *

#how you would create an array
array()

How to Define Arrays in Python

Once you've imported the array module, you can then go on to define a Python array.

The general syntax for creating an array looks like this:

variable_name = array(typecode,[elements])

Let's break it down:

• variable_name would be the name of the array.
• The typecode specifies what kind of elements would be stored in the array. Whether it would be an array of integers, an array of floats or an array of any other Python data type. Remember that all elements should be of the same data type.
• Inside square brackets you mention the elements that would be stored in the array, with each element being separated by a comma. You can also create an empty array by just writing variable_name = array(typecode) alone, without any elements.

Below is a typecode table, with the different typecodes that can be used with the different data types when defining Python arrays:

TYPECODE	C TYPE	PYTHON TYPE	SIZE
'b'	signed char	int	1
'B'	unsigned char	int	1
'u'	wchar_t	Unicode character	2
'h'	signed short	int	2
'H'	unsigned short	int	2
'i'	signed int	int	2
'I'	unsigned int	int	2
'l'	signed long	int	4
'L'	unsigned long	int	4
'q'	signed long long	int	8
'Q'	unsigned long long	int	8
'f'	float	float	4
'd'	double	float	8

Tying everything together, here is an example of how you would define an array in Python:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])


print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30])

Let's break it down:

• First we included the array module, in this case with import array as arr .
• Then, we created a numbers array.
• We used arr.array() because of import array as arr .
• Inside the array() constructor, we first included i, for signed integer. Signed integer means that the array can include positive and negative values. Unsigned integer, with H for example, would mean that no negative values are allowed.
• Lastly, we included the values to be stored in the array in square brackets.

Keep in mind that if you tried to include values that were not of i typecode, meaning they were not integer values, you would get an error:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10.0,20,30])


print(numbers)

#output

#Traceback (most recent call last):
# File "/Users/dionysialemonaki/python_articles/demo.py", line 14, in <module>
#   numbers = arr.array('i',[10.0,20,30])
#TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

In the example above, I tried to include a floating point number in the array. I got an error because this is meant to be an integer array only.

Another way to create an array is the following:

from array import *

#an array of floating point values
numbers = array('d',[10.0,20.0,30.0])

print(numbers)

#output

#array('d', [10.0, 20.0, 30.0])

The example above imported the array module via from array import * and created an array numbers of float data type. This means that it holds only floating point numbers, which is specified with the 'd' typecode.

How to Find the Length of an Array in Python

To find out the exact number of elements contained in an array, use the built-in len() method.

It will return the integer number that is equal to the total number of elements in the array you specify.

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])


print(len(numbers))

#output
# 3

In the example above, the array contained three elements – 10, 20, 30 – so the length of numbers is 3.

Array Indexing and How to Access Individual Items in an Array in Python

Each item in an array has a specific address. Individual items are accessed by referencing their index number.

Indexing in Python, and in all programming languages and computing in general, starts at 0. It is important to remember that counting starts at 0 and not at 1.

To access an element, you first write the name of the array followed by square brackets. Inside the square brackets you include the item's index number.

The general syntax would look something like this:

array_name[index_value_of_item]

Here is how you would access each individual element in an array:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

print(numbers[0]) # gets the 1st element
print(numbers[1]) # gets the 2nd element
print(numbers[2]) # gets the 3rd element

#output

#10
#20
#30

Remember that the index value of the last element of an array is always one less than the length of the array. Where n is the length of the array, n - 1 will be the index value of the last item.

Note that you can also access each individual element using negative indexing.

With negative indexing, the last element would have an index of -1, the second to last element would have an index of -2, and so on.

Here is how you would get each item in an array using that method:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

print(numbers[-1]) #gets last item
print(numbers[-2]) #gets second to last item
print(numbers[-3]) #gets first item
 
#output

#30
#20
#10

How to Search Through an Array in Python

You can find out an element's index number by using the index() method.

You pass the value of the element being searched as the argument to the method, and the element's index number is returned.

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#search for the index of the value 10
print(numbers.index(10))

#output

#0

If there is more than one element with the same value, the index of the first instance of the value will be returned:

import array as arr 


numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30,10,20,30])

#search for the index of the value 10
#will return the index number of the first instance of the value 10
print(numbers.index(10))

#output

#0

How to Loop through an Array in Python

You've seen how to access each individual element in an array and print it out on its own.

You've also seen how to print the array, using the print() method. That method gives the following result:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30])

What if you want to print each value one by one?

This is where a loop comes in handy. You can loop through the array and print out each value, one-by-one, with each loop iteration.

For this you can use a simple for loop:

import array as arr 

numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

for number in numbers:
    print(number)
    
#output
#10
#20
#30

You could also use the range() function, and pass the len() method as its parameter. This would give the same result as above:

import array as arr  

values = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#prints each individual value in the array
for value in range(len(values)):
    print(values[value])

#output

#10
#20
#30

How to Slice an Array in Python

To access a specific range of values inside the array, use the slicing operator, which is a colon :.

When using the slicing operator and you only include one value, the counting starts from 0 by default. It gets the first item, and goes up to but not including the index number you specify.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#get the values 10 and 20 only
print(numbers[:2])  #first to second position

#output

#array('i', [10, 20])

When you pass two numbers as arguments, you specify a range of numbers. In this case, the counting starts at the position of the first number in the range, and up to but not including the second one:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])


#get the values 20 and 30 only
print(numbers[1:3]) #second to third position

#output

#rray('i', [20, 30])

Methods For Performing Operations on Arrays in Python

Arrays are mutable, which means they are changeable. You can change the value of the different items, add new ones, or remove any you don't want in your program anymore.

Let's see some of the most commonly used methods which are used for performing operations on arrays.

How to Change the Value of an Item in an Array

You can change the value of a specific element by speficying its position and assigning it a new value:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#change the first element
#change it from having a value of 10 to having a value of 40
numbers[0] = 40

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [40, 20, 30])

How to Add a New Value to an Array

To add one single value at the end of an array, use the append() method:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integer 40 to the end of numbers
numbers.append(40)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40])

Be aware that the new item you add needs to be the same data type as the rest of the items in the array.

Look what happens when I try to add a float to an array of integers:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integer 40 to the end of numbers
numbers.append(40.0)

print(numbers)

#output

#Traceback (most recent call last):
#  File "/Users/dionysialemonaki/python_articles/demo.py", line 19, in <module>
#   numbers.append(40.0)
#TypeError: 'float' object cannot be interpreted as an integer

But what if you want to add more than one value to the end an array?

Use the extend() method, which takes an iterable (such as a list of items) as an argument. Again, make sure that the new items are all the same data type.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integers 40,50,60 to the end of numbers
#The numbers need to be enclosed in square brackets

numbers.extend([40,50,60])

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60])

And what if you don't want to add an item to the end of an array? Use the insert() method, to add an item at a specific position.

The insert() function takes two arguments: the index number of the position the new element will be inserted, and the value of the new element.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

#add the integer 40 in the first position
#remember indexing starts at 0

numbers.insert(0,40)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [40, 10, 20, 30])

How to Remove a Value from an Array

To remove an element from an array, use the remove() method and include the value as an argument to the method.

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30])

numbers.remove(10)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [20, 30])

With remove(), only the first instance of the value you pass as an argument will be removed.

See what happens when there are more than one identical values:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30,10,20])

numbers.remove(10)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [20, 30, 10, 20])

Only the first occurence of 10 is removed.

You can also use the pop() method, and specify the position of the element to be removed:

import array as arr 

#original array
numbers = arr.array('i',[10,20,30,10,20])

#remove the first instance of 10
numbers.pop(0)

print(numbers)

#output

#array('i', [20, 30, 10, 20])

Conclusion

And there you have it - you now know the basics of how to create arrays in Python using the array module. Hopefully you found this guide helpful.

You'll start from the basics and learn in an interacitve and beginner-friendly way. You'll also build five projects at the end to put into practice and help reinforce what you learned.

Thanks for reading and happy coding!

Original article source at https://www.freecodecamp.org

#python 

Try These Steps for Increasing Privacy and Security on Windows 10

Note: Some versions of Windows 10 may not show all the following settings.

Sure, Windows 10 comes with some built-in security features like Windows Defender. But this should not be seen as a cure-all for all the dangers of today’s internet. Instead, consider these tips for upping your Windows security even more.

1. Use a password rather than a PIN for local accounts.

Whether you use a local account or a Microsoft one, make sure you use a strong, alphanumeric password.

2. You don’t have to link your PC to a Microsoft account.

Create a local account instead. This prevents sharing data about local accounts, though at the expense of being able to share data across devices.

How: Settings > Accounts > Sign in with a local account instead

3. Randomize your hardware address on WiFi.

Enabling random hardware addresses reduces a user’s exposure to tracking across different WiFi networks. Note: not all devices support this function.

How: Settings > Network & Internet > Wi-Fi

#security #windows #cybersecurity #operating-systems #windows-security #privacy #hackernoon-top-story #windows-10

Cómo Habilitar O Deshabilitar Hibernate En PC Con Windows

En este tutorial, voy a explicar los pasos para habilitar o deshabilitar el modo de hibernación en una PC con Windows. Este artículo detallado cubrirá los siguientes temas,

1. Introducción
2. ¿Qué es el modo de hibernación?
3. Habilite o deshabilite el modo de hibernación mediante el símbolo del sistema
4. Agregue el botón de hibernación al menú de encendido usando la configuración del sistema
5. Razones para deshabilitar la hibernación
6. Diferencia entre hibernación y modo de suspensión
7. Conclusión

¿Qué es el modo de hibernación?

Según Wikipedia, "la hibernación (también conocida como suspensión en disco o suspensión segura en computadoras Macintosh) en informática es apagar una computadora mientras conserva su estado. Cuando comienza la hibernación, la computadora guarda el contenido de su memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM) a un disco duro u otro almacenamiento no volátil. Cuando se enciende la computadora, la RAM se restaura y la computadora está exactamente como estaba antes de entrar en hibernación. Se implementó por primera vez en 1992. Después de la hibernación, el hardware se apaga como un apagado regular. El sistema puede tener una pérdida total de energía por un período de tiempo indefinido y luego volver al estado original".

La hibernación en PC con Windows es una de las características del sistema operativo Windows que permite el apagado mientras conserva su estado (sin perder ningún trabajo al mantener su sistema en un estado de bajo consumo). Cuando un sistema entra en hibernación, el contenido de su memoria de acceso aleatorio (RAM) se guarda en el disco duro. Cuando el sistema se vuelve a encender, la RAM se restaura y el sistema vuelve a su estado anterior. Esto permite que su computadora se inicie más rápido porque no necesita restablecer esos archivos y configuraciones. Esta sería una buena opción si sabe que no utilizará su sistema durante mucho tiempo.

La hibernación se usa principalmente en computadoras portátiles, especialmente cuando tienen una batería disponible limitada. La mayoría de los escritorios también admiten la hibernación.

Tenga
en cuenta que la hibernación está habilitada de forma predeterminada en el sistema y reserva parte de su espacio en disco para su archivo: el archivo Hiberfil.sys . Si deshabilita la hibernación y ocurre un corte de energía cuando el modo de suspensión híbrido está habilitado, puede perder datos.

Cuando el modo de hibernación está habilitado, la computadora usa el archivo Hiberfil.sys para guardar una copia de la memoria del sistema en el disco duro. Si este archivo no está allí, la máquina no podrá hibernar.

El archivo de sistema oculto Hiberfil.sys se encuentra en la carpeta raíz del disco donde está instalado el sistema operativo. Cuando instala Windows, Windows Kernel Power Manager reserva este archivo. El tamaño de este archivo es aproximadamente equivalente a la cantidad de RAM (memoria de acceso aleatorio) instalada en el sistema.

Habilite o deshabilite el modo de hibernación mediante el símbolo del sistema

Usando el símbolo del sistema (ejecutar como administrador) , el usuario puede habilitar o deshabilitar fácilmente Hibernate en una PC con Windows. Siga las instrucciones a continuación para continuar.

Paso 1

Abra el símbolo del sistema (ejecutar como administrador).

Paso 2

• Para habilitar el modo de hibernación, escriba powercfg.exe /hibernate on  y luego presione Enter.

• Para desactivar el modo de hibernación, escriba  powercfg.exe /hibernate off  y luego presione Enter.

Como podemos ver, falta la opción Hibernar en el menú de encendido del menú de inicio de Windows PC.

La opción Hibernar también falta en el menú de acceso rápido. Y puede acceder al menú de acceso rápido presionando Windows + X o haciendo clic con el botón derecho en el botón Menú Inicio.

Agregue el botón de hibernación al menú de encendido usando la configuración del sistema

Con la ayuda de la Configuración del sistema, el usuario puede agregar el botón Hibernar al menú de encendido. Siga las instrucciones a continuación para continuar.

Paso 1

Desde el menú Inicio, haga clic en el botón Configuración .

Nota
Alternativamente, presionando la tecla "Windows + I", puede abrir directamente la "Configuración de Windows".

Paso 2

Aparecerá la configuración de Windows  en la pantalla, luego haga clic en la opción Sistema  .

Paso 3

Haga clic en la   opción Encendido y suspensión .

Etapa 4

En Configuración relacionada, haga clic en Configuración de energía adicional .

Paso 5

Haga clic en Elegir lo que hacen los botones de encendido.

Paso 6

Aquí, haga clic en Cambiar la configuración que actualmente no está disponible.

Paso 7

Ahora, puede habilitar Hibernate seleccionando la opción Hibernate y haciendo clic en Guardar cambios.

Utilice el modo de hibernación para mantener su trabajo seguro.

La opción de hibernación estará disponible cuando haga clic en el botón de encendido en el menú de inicio.

La opción Hibernar también estará disponible en el menú Acceso rápido al que puede acceder presionando Windows + X o haciendo clic derecho en el botón del menú Inicio.

Cómo activar su sistema desde el modo de suspensión o hibernación

El botón de encendido se puede utilizar para activar la mayoría de los sistemas. Sin embargo, cada sistema (PC) es diferente. Es posible que deba presionar una tecla en el teclado, hacer clic en el botón del mouse o levantar la tapa de la computadora portátil para activar el sistema desde el modo de hibernación o suspensión.

Razones para deshabilitar la hibernación

1. Si desactiva el modo de hibernación en su computadora portátil, no podrá usar la hibernación.
2. La única razón para deshabilitar la hibernación en su máquina es si necesita desesperadamente espacio adicional en el disco (unos pocos GB).
3. No podrá usar la función de inicio rápido de Windows PC, que combina la hibernación y el apagado para tiempos de inicio más rápidos.

Diferencia entre hibernación y modo de suspensión

Ahora, veamos la diferencia entre el modo de hibernación y el modo de suspensión.

S. No.	Puntos clave	Hibernar	Dormir
1	El consumo de energía	Energía cero	Bajo consumo de energía
2	Reanudación	Lento	Instantáneo
3	Funciones de procesamiento	Guarda en el disco duro	Guarda en RAM
4	Riesgo de pérdida de datos	Menos riesgo de pérdida de datos	Mayor riesgo de pérdida de datos
5	Sinónimos	Suspensión segura (Mac), suspensión en disco (Linux)	En espera (versiones anteriores de Windows), Suspender a RAM (Linux)
6	Cuándo usar	Normalmente, cuando sabe que su sistema estará inactivo durante mucho tiempo y reiniciar después del apagado también será un proceso lento.	Se debe preferir cuando sabe que el sistema estará inactivo durante un breve período de tiempo y necesita un inicio rápido

Nos vemos en el próximo artículo, hasta entonces cuídate y sé feliz aprendiendo.

También puede visitar mis siete artículos principales sobre Windows,

• Cómo programar el apagado automático de Windows 10
• Cómo habilitar o deshabilitar puertos USB en Windows 10
• Cómo comprobar la tarjeta gráfica en Windows 10
• Cómo cancelar el apagado automático en Windows 10
• Cómo cambiar la ubicación de descarga en Windows 10
• Cómo matar un proceso en Windows 10
• Cómo eliminar archivos temporales en Windows 10

Conclusión

Siguiendo los pasos anteriores, puede habilitar o deshabilitar el modo de hibernación en una PC con Windows.

Espero que hayas disfrutado este artículo. Siga C# Corner para aprender más cosas nuevas y sorprendentes sobre PC con Windows.

Gracias por leer este artículo.  

Fuente: https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/how-to-enable-or-disable-hibernate-in-windows-pc/

#windows