Learning C++: Variable Scope

Variable scope refers to the ability of a variable to be “seen” in a program. A variable is seen if, in a specific place in a program, the programmer has access to that variable’s value. There are levels of scope in a C++ program, with the level of scope determining how widely a variable can be seen in a program. In this article I’m going to discuss the different levels of variable scope and why they are important.

The Scope Levels

Here are the three levels of scope in a C++ program: global, local, and block. Global is the most expansive scope and means that any variable declared with global scope can be seen in any place in a program. Local scope usually refers to a variable defined in a function and can be seen throughout that function, but not in other functions. Block scope means a variable was defined within a block of code, such as a for loop or an if statement.

With these definitions out of the way, let’s look at how these different scope levels affect a C++ program.

Global Scope

A variable that has global scope can be seen in any other part of a C++ program, from a function definition to a block of code. A variable that is defined outside of the main function is a global variable.

Here is an example that demonstrates how global scope works:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// global space
int number = 1;
void showValue() {
  cout << "Number accessed from a function: " << number << endl;
}
int main ()
{
  showValue();
  cout << "Number accessed from the main function: "
       << number << endl;
  for (int i = 1; i <= 1; i++) {
    cout << "Number accessed from a block: " << number << endl;
  }
  return 0;
}

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Scope of a Variable In Java [With Coding Example]

Introduction

Programmers define the scope of a Variable in Java that tells the compiler about the region from where a variable is accessible or visible. The scope of a variable in Java is static by nature. It means we have to declare it at compile time only. In this article, you will learn about the scope of a Java variable along with its types

What is the Scope of a Variable in Java?

Salient Points About the Scope of a Variable in Java

Conclusion

#full stack development #java variable #scope of a variable in java #variable #scope of a variable #scope

Should you learn C in 2020/2021?

When working with embedded systems that depend on speed or have a minimal amount of memory, C is a perfect language of choice. This is a short paper about why you should learn C and the benefits of doing so.

To add some credibility to this story, let me introduce myself. My name is Eric and I am a computer science student in Sweden. I have been programming for quite some time now and I feel like it is time to share some of my opinions about C, one of the best programming languages to learn.

Background story

C is an old language, to be formal, it appeared the first time in 1972. The language was developed to combines the capabilities of an assembly language with the feature of high-level language.

Despite its age, the language is still widely used today because of its power and ease of use.

When working with embedded systems that depend on speed or have a minimal amount of memory, C is a perfect language of choice.

Because of its age, many individuals claim that C is not necessary, that newer languages could replace it. However, every language has its purpose and that is what I would like to explain to you.

#c #why-learn-c #learning-to-code #programming-languages #coding #c++

Object Oriented Programming in C++ | C++ OOPs Concepts | Learn Object Oriented C++

C++ is general purpose, compiled, object-oriented programming language and its concepts served as the basis for several other languages such as Java, Python, Ruby, Perl etc.

The goal of this course is to provide you with a working knowledge of C++. We’ll start with the basics, including syntax, operators, loops, and functions. This Course will explain you how to use data structures and create your own Functions. This Course will show you the details of the powerful object and template systems so you can create useful classes and objects.

Youtube channel: ProgrammingKnowledge - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_SH1T3y_D7o

#c #c# #c++ #programming-c

How to Run C/C++ in Sublime Text?

C and C++ are the most powerful programming language in the world. Most of the super fast and complex libraries and algorithms are written in C or C++. Most powerful Kernel programs are also written in C. So, there is no way to skip it.

In programming competitions, most programmers prefer to write code in C or C++. Tourist is considered the worlds top programming contestant of all ages who write code in C++.

During programming competitions, programmers prefer to use a lightweight editor to focus on coding and algorithm designing. Vim, Sublime Text, and Notepad++ are the most common editors for us. Apart from the competition, many software developers and professionals love to use Sublime Text just because of its flexibility.

I have discussed the steps we need to complete in this blog post before running a C/C++ code in Sublime Text. We will take the inputs from an input file and print outputs to an output file without using freopen file related functions in C/C++.

#cpp #c #c-programming #sublimetext #c++ #c/c++

Dicey Issues in C/C++

If you are familiar with C/C++then you must have come across some unusual things and if you haven’t, then you are about to. The below codes are checked twice before adding, so feel free to share this article with your friends. The following displays some of the issues:

1. Using multiple variables in the print function
2. Comparing Signed integer with unsigned integer
3. Putting a semicolon at the end of the loop statement
4. C preprocessor doesn’t need a semicolon
5. Size of the string matters
6. Macros and equations aren’t good friends
7. Never compare Floating data type with double data type
8. Arrays have a boundary
9. Character constants are different from string literals
10. Difference between single(=) and double(==) equal signs.

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The below code generates no error since a print function can take any number of inputs but creates a mismatch with the variables. The print function is used to display characters, strings, integers, float, octal, and hexadecimal values onto the output screen. The format specifier is used to display the value of a variable.

1. %d indicates Integer Format Specifier
2. %f indicates Float Format Specifier
3. %c indicates Character Format Specifier
4. %s indicates String Format Specifier
5. %u indicates Unsigned Integer Format Specifier
6. %ld indicates Long Int Format Specifier

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A signed integer is a 32-bit datum that encodes an integer in the range [-2147483648 to 2147483647]. An unsigned integer is a 32-bit datum that encodes a non-negative integer in the range [0 to 4294967295]. The signed integer is represented in twos-complement notation. In the below code the signed integer will be converted to the maximum unsigned integer then compared with the unsigned integer.

#problems-with-c #dicey-issues-in-c #c-programming #c++ #c #cplusplus