Big O Notation complexity Space Time

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Big O Notation and Time/Space Complexity

Big O Notation and Time/Space Complexity

Big O notation is a commonly used metric used in computer science to classify algorithms based on their time and space complexity. The time and space here is not based on the actual number of operations performed or amount of memory used per se, but rather how the algorithm would scale with an increase or decrease in the amount of data in the input. The notation will represent how an algorithm will run in the worst-case scenario- what is the maximum time or space an algorithm could use? The complexity is written as O(x) where x is the growth rate of the algorithm in regards to n, which is the amount of data input. Throughout the rest of this blog, input will be referred to as n.

O(1)

O(1) is known as constant complexity. What this implies is that the amount of time or memory does not scale with n at all. For time complexity, this means that n is not iterated on or recursed- generally a value will be selected and returned or a value with be operated on and returned.

Function that returns an index of an array doubled in O(1) time complexity.

For space, no data structures can be created that are a multiples of the size of n. Variables can be declared, but the number must not change with n.

Function that logs every element in an array with O(1) space.

O(logn)

O(logn) is known as logarithmic complexity. The logarithm in O(logn) has a base of 2. The best way to wrap your head around this is to remember the concept of halving: every time n increases by an amount k, the time or space increases by k/2. There are several common algorithms that are O(logn) a vast majority of the time to keep an eye out for: binary search, searching for a term in a binary search tree, and adding items to a heap.

#algorithms #computer-science #big-o-notation #time-complexity #space-complexity #algorithms

Time Complexity & Big O notation | DSA-One Course - All you Need in One place

Hey guys, In this video, we’ll be talking about Time complexity and Big O notation. This is the first video of our DSA-One Course. We’ll also learn how to find the time complexity of Recursive problems.

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What Is Big O Notation?

As programmers, we often find ourselves asking the same two questions over and over again:

1. How much time does this algorithm need to complete?
2. How much space does this algorithm need for computing?

To put it in other words, in computer programming, there are often multiple ways to solve a problem, so

1. How do we know which solution is the right one?
2. How do we compare one algorithm against another?

The big picture is that we are trying to compare how quickly the runtime of algorithms grows with respect to the size of their input. We think of the runtime of an algorithm as a function of the size of the input, where the output is how much work is required to run the algorithm.

To answer those questions, we come up with a concept called Big O notation.

• Big O describes how the time is taken, or memory is used, by a program scales with the amount of data it has to work on
• Big O notation gives us an upper bound of the complexity in the worst case, helping us to quantify performance as the input size becomes arbitrarily large
• In short, Big O notation helps us to measure the scalability of our code

Time and Space Complexity

When talking about Big O Notation it’s important that we understand the concepts of time and space complexity, mainly because_ Big O Notation_ is a way to indicate complexities.

Complexity is an approximate measurement of how efficient (or how fast) an algorithm is and it’s associated with every algorithm we develop. This is something all developers have to be aware of. There are 2 kinds of complexities: time complexity and space complexity. Time and space complexities are approximations of how much time and space an algorithm will take to process certain inputs respectively.

Typically, there are three tiers to solve for (best case scenario, average-case scenario, and worst-case scenario) which are known as asymptotic notations. These notations allow us to answer questions such as: Does the algorithm suddenly become incredibly slow when the input size grows? Does it mostly maintain its fast run time performance as the input size increases?

#performance #development #big o complexity #big o notation #big data

Big O Notation and Time Complexity

Big O notation is a simplified analysis of an algorithm’s efficiency. Big O notation gives us an algorithm’s complexity in terms of input size, N. It gives us a way to abstract the efficiency of our algorithm or code from the machines/computers they run on. We don’t care how powerful our machine is, but rather, the basic steps of the code. We can use big O to analyze both time and space. I will go over how we can use Big O to measure time complexity using Ruby for examples.

Types of measurement

There are a couple of ways to look at an algorithm’s efficiency. We can examine worst-case, best-case, and average-case. When we examine big O notation, we typically look at the worst-case. This isn’t to say the other cases aren’t as important.

General rules

1. Ignore constants

5n ->O(n)

Big O notation ignores constants. For example, if you have a function that has a running time of 5n, we say that this function runs on the order of the big O of N. This is because as N gets large, the 5 no longer matters.

2. In the same way that N grows, certain terms “dominate” others

Here’s a list:

O(1) < O(logn) < O(n) < O(nlogn) < O(n²) < O(2^n) < O(n!)

We ignore low-order terms when they are dominated by high order terms.

Constant Time: O(1)

This basic statement computes x and does not depend on the input size in any way. This is independent of input size, N. We say this is a “Big O of one” or constant time.

total time = O(1) + O(1) + O(1) = O(1)

What happens when we have a sequence of statements? Notice that all of these are constant time. How do we compute big O for this block of code? We simply add each of their times and we get 3 * O(1). But remember we drop constants, so this is still big O of one.

Linear Time: O(n)

The run time of this method is linear or O(n). We have a loop inside of this method which iterates over the array and outputs the element. The number of operations this loop performs will change depending on the size of the array. For example, an array of size 6 will only take 6 iterations, while an array of 18 elements would take 3 times as long. As the input size increases, so will the runtime.Big O notation is a simplified analysis of an algorithm’s efficiency. Big O notation gives us an algorithm’s complexity in terms of input size, N. It gives us a way to abstract the efficiency of our algorithm or code from the machines/computers they run on. We don’t care how powerful our machine is, but rather, the basic steps of the code. We can use big O to analyze both time and space. I will go over how we can use Big O to measure time complexity using Ruby for examples.

Types of measurement

There are a couple of ways to look at an algorithm’s efficiency. We can examine worst-case, best-case, and average-case. When we examine big O notation, we typically look at the worst-case. This isn’t to say the other cases aren’t as important.

General rules

#time-complexity #algorithms #big-o-notation #flatiron-school #algorithms

Big O Notation and Time Complexity

Big O notation is a simplified analysis of an algorithm’s efficiency. Big O notation gives us an algorithm’s complexity in terms of input size, N. It gives us a way to abstract the efficiency of our algorithm or code from the machines/computers they run on. We don’t care how powerful our machine is, but rather, the basic steps of the code. We can use big O to analyze both time and space. I will go over how we can use Big O to measure time complexity using Ruby for examples.

Types of measurement

There are a couple of ways to look at an algorithm’s efficiency. We can examine worst-case, best-case, and average-case. When we examine big O notation, we typically look at the worst-case. This isn’t to say the other cases aren’t as important.

General rules

1. Ignore constants

5n ->O(n)

Big O notation ignores constants. For example, if you have a function that has a running time of 5n, we say that this function runs on the order of the big O of N. This is because as N gets large, the 5 no longer matters.

2. In the same way that N grows, certain terms “dominate” others

Here’s a list:

O(1) < O(logn) < O(n) < O(nlogn) < O(n²) < O(2^n) < O(n!)

We ignore low-order terms when they are dominated by high order terms.

Constant Time: O(1)

This basic statement computes x and does not depend on the input size in any way. This is independent of input size, N. We say this is a “Big O of one” or constant time.

#time-complexity #algorithms #big-o-notation #flatiron-school #algorithms